846:
392:
805:(UAVs, also known as "drones") operate without a pilot on-board and are classed into two categories: autonomous aircraft that operate without active human control during flight and remotely piloted UAVs which are operated remotely by one or more persons. The person controlling a remotely piloted UAV may be referred to as its pilot or operator. Depending on the sophistication and use of the UAV, pilots/operators of UAVs may require certification or training, but are generally not subject to the licensing/certification requirements of pilots of manned aircraft.
795:
749:
1693:
321:
69:
168:
818:
1681:
707:
780:(RNAS) carried out bombing missions of the hangars of the airports of Düsseldorf, Cologne and Friedrichhafen during the autumn of 1914. The formation of the Brieftauben Abteilung Ostende ("Ostend Carrier Pigeon Detachment", name of code of the first German bombing units) carried out bombing missions over the English Channel in December 1914.
909:
There is a popular belief that airline pilots die earlier than the general population. This belief was not supported by studies of
American Airlines and British Airways pilots. A hoax claiming to show an inverse relationship between retirement age and life expectancy was refuted by Boeing. However, a
772:
were the only aircraft available for this mission14. These could only carry very light loads (between 55-160 kg of bombs), the bombs were rudimentary and the aiming systems remained to be developed. Initially, the bombs were simply thrown overboard by the crew, with necessarily very limited accuracy.
402:
Civilian pilots fly aircraft of all types privately for pleasure, charity, or in pursuance of a business, or commercially for non-scheduled (charter) and scheduled passenger and cargo air carriers (airlines), corporate aviation, agriculture (crop dusting, etc.), forest fire control, law enforcement,
808:
Most jurisdictions have restrictions on the use of UAVs which have greatly limited their use in controlled airspace; UAVs have mostly been limited to military and hobbyist use. In the United States, use of UAVs is very limited in controlled airspace (generally, above 400 ft/122m and away from
538:
AVweb reporter Geoff
Rapoport stated, "pilotless aircraft are an appealing prospect for airlines bracing for the need to hire several hundred thousand new pilots in the next decade. Wages and training costs have been rapidly rising at regional U.S. airlines over the last several years as the major
484:
Austria said "Behind the curtain, aircraft manufacturers are working on a single-pilot cockpit where the airplane can be controlled from the ground and only in case of malfunction does the pilot of the plane interfere. Basically the flight will be autonomous and I expect this to happen in the next
427:
forecasts a need for 255,000 new ones for a population of 440,000 by 2027, 150,000 for growth and 105,000 to offset retirement and attrition : 90,000 in Asia-Pacific (average pilot age in 2016: 45.8 years), 85,000 in
Americas (48 years), 50,000 in Europe (43.7 years) and 30,000 in Middle East
479:
said "my concern is that in the next two decades—if not sooner—automated and autonomous flight will have developed sufficiently to put downward pressure on both wages and the number and kind of flying jobs available. So if a kid asks the question now and he or she is 18, 20 years from now will be
760:
Military pilots are trained with a different syllabus than civilian pilots, which is delivered by military instructors. This is due to the different aircraft, flight goals, flight situations and chains of responsibility. Many military pilots do transfer to civilian-pilot qualification after they
446:: 33% in Asia Pacific (261,000), 26% in North America (206,000), 18% in Europe (146,000), 8% in the Middle East (64,000), 7% in Latin America (57,000), 4% in Africa (29,000) and 3% in Russia/ Central Asia (27,000). By November 2017, due a shortage of qualified pilots, some pilots were leaving
466:
or Global 6000 pilot might earn between $ 245,000 and $ 265,000, and recruiting one may require up to $ 300,000. At the other end of the spectrum, constrained by the available pilots, some small carriers hire new pilots who need 300 hours to jump to airlines in a year. They may also recruit
687:
In the United States in 2020, there were 691,691 active pilot certificates. This was down from a high of over 800,000 active pilots in 1980. Of the active pilot certificate holders, there were 160,860 Private, 103,879 Commercial, 164,193 Airline
Transport, and 222,629 Student.
913:
A 1978 study of military pilots found increased longevity, which was attributed to "generally good socioeconomic background, the positive genetic influence of long-lived parents, the above average intelligence, and the health and fitness orientation of the military aviator".
809:
airports) and the FAA prohibits nearly all commercial use. Once regulations are made to allow expanded use of UAVs in controlled airspace, there is expected to be a large surge of UAVs in use and, consequently, high demand for pilots/operators of these aircraft.
2461:
2456:
617:
learning from large datasets cannot explain their operation and cannot be certified for safe air transport. Progress towards ‘explainable’ AIs can be expected in the next decade, as the Onera expects "leads" for a certifiable AI system, along
542:
Going to pilotless airliners could be done in one bold step or in gradual improvements like by reducing the cockpit crew for long haul missions or allowing single pilot cargo aircraft. The industry has not decided how to proceed yet. Present
650:. While the flight decks of U.S. and European airliners do have ex-military pilots, many pilots are civilians. Military training and flying, while rigorous, is fundamentally different in many ways from civilian piloting.
991:
642:
nations, there is a strong relationship between the military and the principal national airlines, and many airline pilots come from the military; however, that is no longer the case in the
355:
soon required that aircraft be under the operational control of a properly trained, certified pilot at all times, who is responsible for the safe and legal completion of the flight. The
28:
2365:
480:
2037 and our would-be careerist will be 38—not even mid-career. Who among us thinks aviation and especially for-hire flying will look like it does now?" Christian Dries, owner of
1708:
1936:
2399:
1931:
1197:
2404:
1787:
214:, are also considered aviators because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems. Other aircrew members, such as drone operators,
871:(PPL), or Private Pilot Certificate. In the United States of America, this includes a minimum of 35 to 40 hours of flight training, the majority of which with a
893:(CPL) after completing their PPL. This is required if the pilot desires to pursue a professional career as a pilot. To captain an airliner, one must obtain an
539:
airlines have hired pilots from the regionals at unprecedented rates to cover increased air travel demand from economic expansion and a wave of retirements".
1090:
1038:
1996:
2441:
1573:
1263:
998:
1926:
897:(ATPL). In the United States after 1 August 2013, an ATPL is required even when acting as a first officer. Some countries/carriers require/use a
729:
and non-combat operations, including direct hostile engagements and support operations. Military pilots undergo specialized training, often with
2932:
1966:
475:
The number of airline pilots could decrease as automation replaces copilots and eventually pilots as well. In
January 2017 Rhett Ross, CEO of
1986:
1971:
1367:
845:
1152:
1780:
1981:
1705:
2342:
2329:
1817:
1126:
858:
614:
579:
parent Groupe
Dubreuil see two-pilot crews in long-haul operations, without a third pilot for rotation, happening around 2024–2025.
152:
2937:
599:
391:
2901:
2860:
2672:
1225:
894:
619:
219:
86:
2424:
1178:
1773:
199:
133:
90:
698:
Commercial airline pilots in the United States have a mandatory retirement age of 65, having increased from age 60 in 2007.
496:
are technically feasible and could appear around 2025, offering around $ 35bn of savings, mainly in pilot costs: $ 26bn for
1547:
304:, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure. For example, a 1905 reference work described the
105:
2780:
2409:
665:
171:
1991:
1951:
1023:
2735:
2687:
1341:
1288:
1063:
939:
583:
112:
229:
In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award
837:. This term derives directly from the usage of the word "pilot" in aviation, where it is synonymous with "aviator".
2790:
2652:
2431:
1921:
1847:
223:
46:
776:
Nevertheless, the beginnings of tactical and strategic bombing took place in the first days of the war. Thus, the
79:
2647:
2249:
2026:
1852:
1837:
676:
669:
1101:
119:
2865:
2707:
2622:
2451:
2031:
2021:
1827:
890:
802:
761:
leave the military, and typically their military experience provides the basis for a civilian pilot's license.
595:
476:
42:
1244:
262:
2697:
2662:
2627:
2519:
2360:
2290:
2151:
1916:
794:
789:
777:
711:
552:
532:
372:
1630:
MacIntyre, N. R.; Mitchell, R. E.; Oberman, A.; Harlan, W. R.; Graybiel, A.; Johnson, E. (September 1978).
101:
2822:
2785:
2337:
2089:
1562:
923:
898:
356:
50:
1469:"Study suggests longer life expectancy for retired pilots than for their general population counterparts"
2812:
2730:
2702:
2692:
2239:
2146:
2099:
2036:
1842:
1563:"Reality check: Sandia retirees' life expectancies differ markedly from the 'Boeing' urban legend graph"
868:
267:
1419:
2827:
2682:
2592:
2582:
2382:
2376:
2224:
1946:
1685:
1444:
Besco, Robert O.; Sangal, Satya P.; Nesthus, Thomas E.; Veronneau, Stephen J. H. (February 1, 1995).
879:
517:
380:
308:' first airplane: "The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds".
1314:
2760:
2712:
2637:
2612:
2577:
2572:
2446:
2419:
2109:
1961:
1796:
435:
292:
in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a male pilot. People who operate aircraft obtain a
56:"Aviatrix" redirects here. For a discussion of the role of women in aviation and aeronautics, see
2750:
2389:
1741:
1719:
528:
509:
447:
1589:
368:
2927:
2875:
2770:
2745:
2587:
2494:
2471:
2370:
2204:
2126:
2121:
1905:
1651:
1643:
1522:
1514:
886:
872:
826:
455:
439:
57:
867:
and theoretical study, that differ depending on the country. The first step is acquiring the
2642:
2602:
2499:
2466:
2394:
2229:
2209:
2194:
2161:
2156:
2041:
2016:
1890:
1862:
1731:
1393:
975:
944:
748:
692:
556:
481:
404:
403:
etc. When flying for an airline, pilots are usually referred to as airline pilots, with the
360:
301:
215:
126:
512:
costs due to safer flights; $ 1bn from flight optimisation (1% of global airlines' $ 133bn
2870:
2832:
2800:
2775:
2657:
2559:
2529:
2514:
2509:
2319:
2311:
2046:
1712:
864:
850:
660:
587:
463:
376:
305:
211:
721:
Military pilots fly with the armed forces, primarily the air forces, of a government or
2906:
2842:
2817:
2795:
2765:
2740:
2722:
2667:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2436:
2296:
2286:
2234:
2199:
2116:
2094:
1895:
1885:
753:
675:
Retirement age is provided by each airline with some set to age 60, but changes to the
647:
467:
non-career pilots who have other jobs or airline retirees who want to continue to fly.
459:
1692:
910:
study of several airline pilot associations' data found evidence of higher mortality.
320:
2921:
2837:
2755:
2524:
2414:
2259:
2104:
1880:
1822:
1812:
1745:
954:
949:
734:
643:
564:
364:
230:
2632:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2504:
2352:
2281:
2214:
2166:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2084:
2066:
1832:
1603:"Preliminary study confirms that pilots die at younger age than general population"
1468:
722:
610:
572:
501:
1736:
1754:
2852:
2806:
2677:
2543:
2316:
2273:
2189:
568:
505:
451:
179:
68:
32:
535:
are defiant while 17% are supportive, with acceptation progressively forecast.
167:
2896:
2244:
2051:
1632:"Longevity in military pilots: 37-year followup of the Navy's "1000 aviators""
1319:
928:
889:(IR), or Multi-Engine Rating (MEP) addons. Pilots may also choose to pursue a
834:
817:
769:
738:
576:
548:
454:
pilot, making $ 250,000 a year for 10 to 15 flight hours a month, returned to
443:
396:
175:
1647:
1602:
1518:
2891:
2184:
1697:
1502:
830:
768:
that the world's first bombing group was created, on
November 23, 1914. The
742:
544:
524:
207:
1526:
1445:
1680:
1631:
756:, French officer and pilot of the 2nd Bombardment Group GB 2, August 1915.
2567:
2301:
2219:
2076:
1870:
1655:
635:
631:
560:
513:
493:
424:
352:
195:
284:
in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female pilot. The term
2489:
2481:
2306:
2269:
2176:
2008:
1875:
1804:
1202:
706:
497:
420:
203:
41:"Aviator", "Jet pilot", and "Pilot" redirect here. For other uses, see
1765:
1446:
Longevity and
Survival Analysis for a Cohort of Retired Airline Pilots
1091:"Flying solo – how far are we down the path towards pilotless planes?"
695:
established pilot licensing requirements for
American civil aviation.
2254:
2061:
933:
765:
730:
726:
639:
431:
17:
1368:"Retirement age raised to 65 in nick of time for pilots turning 60"
1264:"Air Canada pilots can continue flying past age 60 under new rules"
527:
likely at the forefront, but pilotless flights could be limited by
351:
To ensure the safety of people in the air and on the ground, early
844:
816:
793:
747:
705:
606:
390:
166:
714:
423:
pilots in the world in 2017 and aircraft simulator manufacturer
1769:
1548:"Boeing Let's Retire the Rumor About Life Expectancy 7.30.2004"
882:) license can be obtained in at least 20 hours of flight time.
582:
Single-pilot freighters could start with regional flights. The
516:
bill in 2016); not counting revenue opportunity from increased
591:
489:
434:
expects 790,000 new pilots in 20 years from 2018, 635,000 for
315:
62:
1590:
https://www.sandia.gov/LabNews/LN11-16-01/labnews11-16-01.pdf
1153:"How Boeing is approaching the future of pilotless airliners"
1448:(Report). Civil Aerospace Medical Institute. DOT/FAA/AM-95/5
825:
The general concept of an airplane pilot can be applied to
821:
Picture of astronaut going through pilot training exercise.
1226:"Opinion: Why Two Pilots In The Cockpit Remains Essential"
1198:"Freight first as jetmakers study single-pilot airplanes"
1179:"Airline CEO Sees Reduced Long-Haul Crew In Near Future"
1039:"Bizav Leaders Seeing Shortages in Qualified Pilot Pool"
2366:
Air route authority between the United States and China
1503:"British Airways flightdeck mortality study, 1950-1992"
551:
and must be monitored; their replacement could require
332:
1601:
Muhanna, Ibrahim E.; Shakallis, Andreas (June 1992).
980:. New York: P. F. Collier & Son. 1905. p. 6.
885:
Generally, the next step in a pilot's progression is
679:
have restricted retirement age set by the airlines.
658:
Operating an aircraft in Canada is regulated by the
31:, "Pilot #5" redirects here. For the 1943 film, see
2884:
2851:
2721:
2558:
2480:
2351:
2328:
2268:
2175:
2075:
2007:
1904:
1861:
1803:
93:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1245:"No AI In Cockpit Anytime Soon, Onera, Thales Say"
997:. CAE Inc. June 2017. 10-year view. Archived from
1561:Gerstle, Frank; Biggs, Mark (November 16, 2011).
790:Unmanned aerial vehicle § Degree of autonomy
594:Reauthorization Act's Section 744 establishing a
1720:"AI, autonomy, and airpower: the end of pilots?"
863:Pilots are required to go through many hours of
602:cargo aircraft by remote and computer piloting.
2405:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
1394:"Drone pilot wanted: Starting salary $ 100,000"
1127:"Pilotless Transport Aircraft By 2025 Says UBS"
1781:
1572:. Vol. 53, no. 23. pp. 12–13.
1089:Jarrod Castle; et al. (August 7, 2017),
613:, artificial intelligence (AI) like consumer
383:in 1911 (Glenn Curtiss receiving the first).
8:
1196:Jamie Freed, Tim Hepher (February 8, 2018).
1753:Charman, Mark; Mann, Katie (January 2021).
1636:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
1507:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
1420:"FAA Finalizes ATP Rule for First Officers"
508:; $ 3bn/year from lower pilot training and
1788:
1774:
1766:
296:licence. Aviation regulations referred to
249:in French) was in 1887, as a variation of
194:is a person who controls the flight of an
1735:
833:who directly controls the operation of a
276:("Aviation or Air Navigation"). The term
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
450:to return to airlines. In one example a
38:Person controlling an aircraft in flight
1501:Irvine, D.; Davies, D. M. (June 1999).
966:
586:believe removing pilots would threaten
1706:U.S. Women Pilots Statistics 1960–2010
733:. Examples of military pilots include
1476:Human Factors & Aviation Medicine
936:(mnemonic for pilot's fitness to fly)
605:For French aerospace research center
571:would only need minor modifications,
7:
1243:Thierry Dubois (November 26, 2018).
1230:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1177:Thierry Dubois (December 11, 2019).
1064:"Will A Robot Steal Your Pilot Job?"
798:A United States Air Force RPA pilot.
300:. These terms were used more in the
91:adding citations to reliable sources
1579:from the original on March 27, 2024
1151:Stephen Trimble (August 21, 2017).
737:, bomber pilots, transport pilots,
485:five to six years for freighters."
359:delivered the first certificate to
241:The first recorded use of the term
1718:Pope, Stephen (October 12, 2019).
1366:Maxon, Terry (December 15, 2007).
1125:Rapoport, Geoff (August 7, 2017).
226:, are not classified as aviators.
25:
2343:Environmental effects of aviation
1392:Rooney, Ben (November 25, 2014).
1315:"Where have all the pilots gone?"
1037:Kerry Lynch (November 21, 2017).
859:Pilot licensing and certification
488:In August 2017 financial company
1691:
1679:
849:Military aviation training in a
319:
67:
2902:Aviation taxation and subsidies
2861:Aircraft maintenance technician
2673:Pre-flight safety demonstration
1418:Pope, Stephen (July 11, 2013).
1262:Vanessa Lu (January 24, 2013).
895:Airline Transport Pilot License
523:Regulations have to adapt with
274:Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne
78:needs additional citations for
1342:"U.S. Civil Airmen Statistics"
1289:"U.S. Civil Airmen Statistics"
992:"Airline Pilot Demand Outlook"
977:Collier's Self-Indexing Annual
878:In the United States, an LSA (
1:
2933:Military aviation occupations
2781:Flight cancellation and delay
2410:European Common Aviation Area
1737:10.1080/14702436.2019.1676156
1696:The dictionary definition of
1313:Evans, Jon (April 22, 2018).
666:Canadian Aviation Regulations
178:F.W. "Mike" Hunter wearing a
1224:Tim Canoll (July 31, 2018).
1024:"Pilot Outlook: 2018 - 2037"
829:, as well. The pilot is the
2736:Airline reservations system
2688:Special visual flight rules
940:List of aerospace engineers
873:Certified Flight Instructor
630:In some countries, such as
590:and opposes the April 2018
584:Air Line Pilots Association
428:& Africa (45.7 years).
200:directional flight controls
2954:
2791:Government contract flight
2653:Flight information service
2432:Hague Hijacking Convention
2425:EU–US Open Skies Agreement
2017:Pilot in command (Captain)
856:
787:
609:and avionics manufacturer
55:
47:Jet pilot (disambiguation)
40:
26:
2648:Flight information region
2250:Low-cost carrier terminal
1818:Airline holding companies
1467:Besco, Robert O. (1996).
677:Canadian Human Rights Act
670:Pilot licensing in Canada
407:often referred to as the
379:followed in 1910 and the
2866:Aircraft ground handling
2708:Upper information region
2623:Civil aviation authority
2452:Paris Convention of 1919
1026:. Boeing. July 23, 2018.
891:Commercial Pilot License
803:Unmanned aerial vehicles
784:Unmanned aerial vehicles
596:research and development
559:while present certified
43:Aviator (disambiguation)
2938:Occupations in aviation
2698:Terminal control center
2663:Instrument flight rules
2520:Baggage handling system
2361:Air transport agreement
2152:In-flight entertainment
1755:"The Pilot Survey 2021"
1372:The Dallas Morning News
974:"Aeronautics in 1904".
778:Royal Naval Air Service
553:artificial intelligence
373:Robert Esnault-Pelterie
263:G. J. G. de La Landelle
2823:Round-the-world ticket
2786:Frequent-flyer program
924:Airline pilot uniforms
899:multi-crew cooperation
854:
822:
799:
757:
725:. Their tasks involve
718:
531:: 54% of 8,000 people
504:and $ 2.1bn for civil
399:
302:early days of aviation
183:
51:Pilot (disambiguation)
2813:Passenger name record
2731:Airline booking ploys
2703:Uncontrolled airspace
2693:Terminal control area
2330:Environmental effects
2240:International airport
2147:Crew rest compartment
2100:Premium economy class
1843:Non-scheduled airline
1249:Aviation Week Network
1183:Aviation Week Network
1100:, UBS, archived from
869:Private Pilot License
857:Further information:
848:
820:
797:
788:Further information:
751:
709:
622:standards evolution.
394:
261:), coined in 1863 by
170:
2683:Special use airspace
2593:Airport crash tender
2583:Aircraft safety card
2383:Cross-strait charter
2377:Bermuda II Agreement
1711:May 6, 2016, at the
1688:at Wikimedia Commons
1610:Flight Safety Digest
880:Light Sport Aircraft
841:Pilot certifications
518:capacity utilization
492:predicted pilotless
381:Aero Club of America
363:in 1908—followed by
172:U.S. Army Air Forces
87:improve this article
2761:Codeshare agreement
2713:Visual flight rules
2638:Controlled airspace
2613:Area control center
2578:Air traffic service
2573:Air traffic control
2462:Sabotage Convention
2447:Montreal Convention
2420:Freedoms of the air
2110:Basic economy class
1797:Commercial aviation
1098:UBS Global Research
901:(MCC) certificate.
436:commercial aviation
419:There were 290,000
357:Aéro-Club de France
2751:Bereavement flight
2400:Chicago Convention
2390:Beijing Convention
2379:(UK–US, 1978–2008)
2373:(UK–US, 1946–1978)
1848:Passenger airlines
1107:on August 17, 2017
855:
823:
800:
758:
719:
668:provide rules for
598:program to assist
529:consumer behaviour
510:aviation insurance
477:Continental Motors
448:corporate aviation
400:
331:. You can help by
184:
2915:
2914:
2876:Flight dispatcher
2771:Electronic ticket
2746:Airline timetable
2588:Airport authority
2495:Baggage allowance
2472:Warsaw Convention
2371:Bermuda Agreement
2205:Airport rail link
2127:Aircraft seat map
2122:Aircraft lavatory
1853:Regional airlines
1838:Low-cost airlines
1684:Media related to
1070:. January 1, 2017
887:Instrument Rating
827:human spaceflight
456:American Airlines
440:business aviation
395:Pilots landing a
349:
348:
253:, from the Latin
233:to their pilots.
216:flight attendants
198:by operating its
163:
162:
155:
137:
58:Women in aviation
29:technical reasons
16:(Redirected from
2945:
2643:Evacuation slide
2603:Airport security
2500:Baggage carousel
2467:Tokyo Convention
2395:Cape Town Treaty
2230:Domestic airport
2210:Airport terminal
2195:Airport check-in
2157:Inflight smoking
2042:Flight attendant
1891:Vanilla Alliance
1828:Charter airlines
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1762:
1749:
1739:
1695:
1683:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1642:(9): 1120–1122.
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1550:. June 30, 2004.
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1004:on July 12, 2017
1003:
996:
988:
982:
981:
971:
945:List of aviators
693:Air Commerce Act
664:of 1985 and the
557:machine learning
547:systems are not
482:Diamond Aircraft
405:pilot in command
344:
341:
323:
316:
271:
212:flight engineers
158:
151:
147:
144:
138:
136:
102:"Aircraft pilot"
95:
71:
63:
21:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2880:
2871:Baggage handler
2847:
2801:Open-jaw ticket
2776:Fare basis code
2723:Airline tickets
2717:
2658:Flight recorder
2560:Aviation safety
2554:
2530:Checked baggage
2515:Baggage handler
2510:Baggage reclaim
2476:
2457:Rome Convention
2347:
2324:
2312:Travel document
2264:
2171:
2071:
2047:Flight engineer
2003:
1900:
1857:
1799:
1794:
1752:
1724:Defence Studies
1717:
1713:Wayback Machine
1676:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:Sandia Lab News
1565:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1424:Flying Magazine
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1001:
994:
990:
989:
985:
973:
972:
968:
963:
920:
907:
905:Life expectancy
865:flight training
861:
853:Nimrod aircraft
851:Royal Air Force
843:
815:
792:
786:
717:pilot in flight
704:
685:
661:Aeronautics Act
656:
628:
626:Africa and Asia
615:neural networks
588:aviation safety
473:
464:Gulfstream G650
442:and 59,000 for
417:
389:
377:Royal Aero Club
369:Léon Delagrange
345:
339:
336:
329:needs expansion
314:
306:Wright brothers
265:
239:
204:aircrew members
182:in October 1942
159:
148:
142:
139:
96:
94:
84:
72:
61:
54:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2951:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2907:Mile high club
2904:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2843:Travel website
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Red-eye flight
2815:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2796:One-way travel
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2766:Continent pass
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:Airline ticket
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Overwing exits
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Brace position
2615:
2610:
2608:Airspace class
2605:
2600:
2598:Airport police
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2437:Hague Protocol
2434:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Departure card
2294:
2287:Border control
2284:
2278:
2276:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2200:Airport lounge
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:Aircraft cabin
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:Business class
2092:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2057:Aircraft pilot
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:Second officer
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:Other regions
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1943:United States
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:International
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1896:U-FLY Alliance
1893:
1888:
1886:Value Alliance
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1750:
1730:(4): 337–352.
1715:
1703:
1689:
1675:
1674:External links
1672:
1669:
1668:
1622:
1593:
1553:
1539:
1513:(6): 548–555.
1493:
1459:
1436:
1410:
1384:
1358:
1333:
1305:
1280:
1254:
1235:
1216:
1188:
1169:
1143:
1117:
1081:
1055:
1029:
1015:
983:
965:
964:
962:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
931:
926:
919:
916:
906:
903:
842:
839:
814:
811:
785:
782:
754:Marcel Courmes
735:fighter pilots
712:U.S. Air Force
703:
700:
684:
681:
655:
652:
648:Western Europe
627:
624:
472:
469:
416:
413:
388:
385:
375:. The British
347:
346:
326:
324:
313:
310:
238:
235:
231:aviator badges
188:aircraft pilot
161:
160:
75:
73:
66:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2950:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:Miscellaneous
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Travel agency
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:Overbooking (
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Boarding pass
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Baggage sizer
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Flight permit
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Hypermobility
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2260:Transit hotel
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Economy class
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Third officer
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:First officer
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Star Alliance
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Flag carriers
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:Cargo airline
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Airline codes
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:at Wiktionary
1701:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1000:
993:
987:
984:
979:
978:
970:
967:
960:
956:
955:Pilot logbook
953:
951:
950:Pilot fatigue
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
917:
915:
911:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
860:
852:
847:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
819:
812:
810:
806:
804:
796:
791:
783:
781:
779:
774:
771:
767:
762:
755:
750:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
716:
713:
708:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:In 1930, the
689:
683:United States
682:
680:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
662:
653:
651:
649:
645:
644:United States
641:
637:
633:
625:
623:
621:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:deterministic
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
540:
536:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:business jets
499:
495:
491:
486:
483:
478:
470:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:, 96,000 for
437:
433:
429:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
406:
398:
393:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:Glenn Curtiss
362:
361:Louis Blériot
358:
354:
343:
334:
330:
327:This section
325:
322:
318:
317:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
269:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:. Some other
201:
197:
193:
189:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
157:
154:
146:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104: –
103:
99:
98:Find sources:
92:
88:
82:
81:
76:This article
74:
70:
65:
64:
59:
52:
48:
44:
34:
30:
19:
2633:Control zone
2628:Control area
2550:Luggage lock
2540:Lost luggage
2535:Hand luggage
2505:Baggage cart
2320:(Electronic)
2282:Arrival card
2215:Airside pass
2167:Sickness bag
2142:Buy on board
2137:Airline seat
2132:Airline meal
2085:Travel class
2067:Dead mileage
2056:
1906:Trade groups
1759:FlightGlobal
1758:
1727:
1723:
1698:
1659:. Retrieved
1639:
1635:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1609:
1596:
1581:. Retrieved
1569:
1556:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1510:
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1479:
1475:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1324:. Retrieved
1318:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1268:Toronto Star
1267:
1257:
1248:
1238:
1229:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1201:
1191:
1182:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1157:Flightglobal
1156:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1130:
1120:
1109:, retrieved
1102:the original
1097:
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1042:
1032:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
999:the original
986:
976:
969:
912:
908:
884:
877:
862:
824:
807:
801:
775:
763:
759:
723:nation-state
720:
697:
690:
686:
674:
659:
657:
638:and several
629:
604:
600:single-pilot
581:
573:Air Caraibes
541:
537:
522:
500:, $ 3bn for
487:
474:
430:
418:
408:
401:
350:
337:
333:adding to it
328:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
240:
228:
191:
187:
185:
164:
149:
140:
130:
123:
116:
109:
97:
85:Please help
80:verification
77:
2853:Ground crew
2807:Overselling
2678:Sky marshal
2544:WorldTracer
2317:Travel visa
2274:Immigration
2190:Airline hub
2090:First class
2037:Relief crew
1429:October 15,
1377:October 15,
1351:November 1,
1346:www.faa.gov
1298:October 17,
1293:www.faa.gov
1273:November 5,
739:test pilots
569:Airbus A350
506:helicopters
452:Global 6000
444:helicopters
266: [
224:ground crew
180:flight suit
174:test pilot
33:Pilot No. 5
2922:Categories
2897:Air travel
2245:Jet bridge
2052:Loadmaster
1583:August 18,
1320:TechCrunch
1111:August 17,
961:References
929:Air safety
835:spacecraft
770:Voisin III
764:It was in
743:astronauts
577:French Bee
549:autonomous
471:Automation
458:with full
397:Boeing 777
340:March 2015
237:Definition
208:navigators
206:, such as
143:March 2015
113:newspapers
2892:Air cargo
2185:Aerodrome
1863:Alliances
1746:211404933
1661:March 23,
1648:0095-6562
1615:March 23,
1532:March 23,
1519:0095-6562
1486:March 23,
1452:March 23,
1403:March 24,
1326:April 24,
1136:August 9,
831:astronaut
567:. As the
545:automated
525:air cargo
494:airliners
460:seniority
282:aviatrice
257:(meaning
220:mechanics
2928:Aviators
2833:Tracking
2568:Air rage
2302:Passport
2291:internal
2225:Boarding
2220:Airstair
2077:Airliner
1871:Oneworld
1805:Airlines
1709:Archived
1686:Aviators
1574:Archived
1527:10373044
1209:March 8,
1162:March 8,
1074:July 31,
1048:March 8,
1008:June 21,
918:See also
752:Captain
702:Military
636:Thailand
632:Pakistan
561:software
533:surveyed
514:jet fuel
498:airlines
425:CAE Inc.
387:Civilian
353:aviation
290:aviateur
278:aviatrix
251:aviation
247:aviateur
196:aircraft
2828:Standby
2490:Bag tag
2482:Baggage
2307:Timatic
2270:Customs
2177:Airport
2009:Aircrew
1958:Europe
1876:SkyTeam
1203:Reuters
731:weapons
640:African
421:airline
415:Airline
409:captain
312:History
286:aviator
243:aviator
192:aviator
127:scholar
2255:Runway
2162:Galley
2062:Purser
1744:
1656:697677
1654:
1646:
1525:
1517:
934:IMSAFE
766:France
727:combat
654:Canada
611:Thales
432:Boeing
371:, and
298:pilots
129:
122:
115:
108:
100:
49:, and
1992:AFRAA
1937:ISTAT
1932:IATAN
1742:S2CID
1699:Pilot
1606:(PDF)
1577:(PDF)
1566:(PDF)
1472:(PDF)
1131:AVweb
1105:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
1068:AVweb
1002:(PDF)
995:(PDF)
813:Space
607:Onera
555:with
294:pilot
270:]
134:JSTOR
120:books
18:Pilot
2442:ICAO
2235:Gate
1997:RAAA
1987:AAPA
1982:AACO
1967:EBAA
1927:IATA
1922:ATAG
1663:2024
1652:PMID
1644:ISSN
1617:2024
1585:2024
1534:2024
1523:PMID
1515:ISSN
1488:2024
1454:2024
1431:2014
1405:2015
1379:2009
1353:2020
1328:2018
1300:2019
1275:2013
1211:2018
1164:2018
1138:2017
1113:2017
1076:2017
1050:2018
1010:2017
741:and
715:F-16
646:and
620:EASA
575:and
462:. A
259:bird
255:avis
222:and
106:news
27:For
2353:Law
1972:ERA
1962:A4E
1952:RAA
1947:A4A
1917:ACO
1732:doi
1482:(1)
1398:CNN
1043:AIN
875:.
592:FAA
563:is
490:UBS
335:.
272:in
210:or
190:or
186:An
176:Lt.
89:by
2924::
2272:/
1757:.
1740:.
1728:19
1726:.
1722:.
1650:.
1640:49
1638:.
1634:.
1608:.
1568:.
1521:.
1511:70
1509:.
1505:.
1480:43
1478:.
1474:.
1422:.
1396:.
1370:.
1344:.
1317:.
1291:.
1266:.
1247:.
1228:.
1200:.
1181:.
1155:.
1129:.
1096:,
1066:.
1041:.
745:.
710:A
672:.
634:,
520:.
411:.
367:,
268:fr
218:,
45:,
2809:)
2546:)
2542:(
2293:)
2289:(
1789:e
1782:t
1775:v
1761:.
1748:.
1734::
1665:.
1619:.
1587:.
1536:.
1490:.
1456:.
1433:.
1407:.
1381:.
1355:.
1330:.
1302:.
1277:.
1251:.
1232:.
1213:.
1185:.
1166:.
1140:.
1078:.
1052:.
1012:.
342:)
338:(
288:(
280:(
245:(
156:)
150:(
145:)
141:(
131:·
124:·
117:·
110:·
83:.
60:.
53:.
35:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
