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factories. In a 1990 study conducted by Allan H. Hunt and
Timothy L. Hunt, they examined how industrial robots would impact both the creation of jobs as well as job displacement among unskilled workers in the United States. It was concluded that the impact of unemployment due to the spread of robotics would be felt the greatest by uneducated, unskilled blue-collar workers. New technology in the form of robotics eliminates many semi or unskilled jobs, and has taken traditional male filled roles away from the job market. Judy Wajcman maintains that skills involving machines and strength are associated with masculinity. This means that the least technical jobs (pink-collar) jobs are associated with women. These machines designed by men, using the technology they have always monopolized, are now displacing them and forcing them into pink-collar work widely viewed as a step down specifically due to negative associations with "women's work".
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money. Women who earned enough to live on found it impossible to keep their salary rate from being reduced because bosses often made "mistakes" in computing a worker's piece rate. As well as this, women who received this kind of treatment did not disagree for fear of losing their jobs. Employers would frequently deduct pay for work they deemed imperfect and for simply trying to lighten the mood by laughing or talking while they worked. In the 1937 a woman's average yearly salary was $ 525 compared to a man's salary of $ 1,027. In the 1940s two-thirds of the women who were in the labor force suffered a decrease in earnings; the average weekly paychecks fell from $ 50 to $ 37. This gap in wage stayed consistent, as women in 1991 only earned seventy percent of what men earned regardless of their education.
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waking at 5:30 a.m. to start their ten-hour work day. When women entered the paid workforce in the 1920s they were paid less than men because employers thought the women's jobs were temporary. Employers also paid women less than men because they believed in the "Pin Money Theory", which said that women's earnings were secondary to that of their male counterparts. Married working women experienced lopsided stress and overload because they were still responsible for the majority of the housework and taking care of the children. This left women isolated and subjected them to their husband's control.
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most female pink-collar workers. Generally, less government funding is allocated to professions and work environments that traditionally employ and retain a greater percentage of women, for example, education and social work. From the research conducted by
Tiffany Barnes, Victoria Beall, and Mirya Holman, discrepancies for government representation of pink-collar jobs could primarily be due to legislatures and government employees having the perspective for only white-collar jobs and most people making budgetary decisions are men. A white collar-job is typically administrative.
1148:(NRA) was approved in May 1933. The NRA negotiated codes designed to rekindle production. It raised wages, shortened workers' hours, and increased employment for the first time maximizing hour and minimizing wage provisions benefiting female workers. The NRA had its flaws however, it only covered half of the women in the workforce particularly manufacturing and trade. The NRA regulated working conditions only for women with a job and did not offer any relief for the two million unemployed women who desperately needed it.
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1020:(AGS)'s employees were women, who served as librarians, editorial personnel in the publishing programs, secretaries, research editors, copy editors, proofreaders, research assistants and sales staff. These women came with credentials from well-known colleges and universities and many were overqualified for their positions, but later were promoted to more prestigious positions.
1176:. This study was conducted in 2010. In the United Kingdom, careers within nursing and teaching are not considered pink-collar jobs anymore, but instead are labeled as white-collar. This shift is also occurring in many other countries. Studies show that white-collar workers are less likely to face health disparities.
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analyzed in Barnes, et al.'s research paper, approximately 78% of men were employed in cleaning and maintenance, engineering and science, production and transportation, protective services, and construction. Only 25% were in healthcare support, personal care, education, office administration support,
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Women scientists found it hard to gain appointments at universities. Women scientists were forced to take positions in high schools, state or women's colleges, governmental agencies and alternative institutions such as libraries or museums. Women who took jobs at such places often did clerical duties
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Female secretaries were also popular. They were instructed to be efficient, tough, and hardworking while also appearing soft, accommodating, and subservient. Women were expected to be the protector and partner to their boss behind closed doors and a helpmate in public. These women were encouraged to
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In these factories, workers frequently breathed dangerous fumes and worked with flammable materials. In order for factories to save money, women were required to clean and adjust the machines while they were running, which resulted in accidents where women lost their fingers or hands. Many women who
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is usually compensated by the employer's company, but several countries do not follow that mandate, including the United States. Results from "Standpoints of
Maternity Leave: Discourses of Temporality and Ability" state that many new mothers employed in pink-collar work have keyed disability or sick
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argue that technology has long been monopolized by men and is a great source of their power historically. However, more millennial men are doing pink collar work because technology is affecting blue collar work. Machines are able to perform many of the tasks that were typically gendered male within
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A single woman working in a factory in the early 20th century earned less than $ 8 a week, which is equivalent to roughly less than $ 98 a week today. If the woman was absent or was late, employers penalized them by docking their pay. These women would live in boarding houses costing $ 1.50 a week,
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During the 1950s, women were taught that marriage and domesticity were more important than a career. Most women followed this path because of the uncertainty of the post-war years. Suburban housewives were encouraged to have hobbies like bread making and sewing. The 1950s housewife was in conflict
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by answering telephones and talking to impatient callers in a calming tone. The workers would sit on stools facing a wall with hundreds of outlets and tiny blinking lights. They had to work quickly when a light flashed by plugging the cord into the proper outlet. Despite the difficult work, many
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However, not all of a woman's education was done in the classroom. Women were also educated through their peers through "dating". Men and women no longer had to be supervised when alone together. Dating allowed men and women to practice the paired activities that would later become a way of life.
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made six to seven dollars a week compared to a cutter's salary of $ 16. This differed from women working in factories in the 1900s as they were paid by the piece, not receiving a fixed weekly wage. Those that were pinching pennies pushed themselves to produce more product so that they earned more
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According to the 2016 United States Census analyzed in Barnes, et al.'s research paper, more than 95% of the construction workforce is male. Due to the low population of women outside of the childcare or social workforce, state governments are miscalculating economic budgets by not accounting for
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strongholds. Education became a way for society to shape women into its ideal housewife. In the 1950s, authorities and educators encouraged college because they found new value in vocational training for domesticity. College prepared women for future roles because while men and women were taught
1274:, they are still likely to receive higher praise, a higher salary, more opportunities, and more promotions. Men who have worked in pink-collar jobs for longer periods of time are less likely to quit their profession or notice stereotyping, while recently hired men have a smaller retention rate.
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It was found as well that men going into traditionally claimed pink collar jobs are felt discriminated and threatened in their jobs. Men going into positions such as teaching, nursing, and childcare faced many negative stereotypes in these lines of work, as men have traditionally been viewed as
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As mentioned in the research article by
Patrice Buzzanell, Robyn Remke, Rebecca Meisenbach, Meina Liu, Venessa Bowers, and Cindy Conn, as of 2016, pink-collar jobs are quickly growing in demand by both men and women. Professions within pink-collar jobs are more likely to be consistent with job
1103:(ILGWU) was formed after women shirtwaist makers went on strike in New York City in 1909. It started as a small walkout, with a handful of members from one shop and grew to a force of ten of thousands, changing the course of the labor movement forever. In 1910 women allied themselves with the
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Being educated was an expectation for women entering the paying workforce, despite the fact that their male equivalents did not need a high school diploma. While in college, a woman would experience extracurricular activities, such as a sorority, that offered a separate space for the woman to
1211:". This includes managing areas such as human resources, customer service, and other areas that do not contribute to the corporate "bottom line". While this allows women to rise in ranks as a manager, their careers may eventually stall out and they may be excluded from the upper echelons.
1129:, a welfare measure intended to reduce infant and maternal mortality; it was the first federally funded healthcare act. The act provided federal funds to establish health centers for prenatal and child care. Expectant mothers and children could receive health checkups and health advice.
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Although female employees did not receive equal pay, they did get sabbaticals to attend university and to travel for their professions at the cost of the AGS. Those women working managerial and library or museums positions made an impact on women in the work force, but still encountered
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made women appear better suited for clerk positions. With their smaller fingers, women were perceived to be better able to operate the new machines. By 1885, new methods of note-taking and the expanding scope of businesses led office-clerk positions to be in high demand. Having a
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Later on in the 1970s and 1980s as women began to fight for equality, they fought against discrimination in jobs where women worked and the educational institutions that would lead to those jobs. In 1973 the average salaries for women were 57% compared to those of men, but this
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The 1930s proved successful for women in the workplace thanks to federal relief programs and the growth of unions. For the first time women were not completely dependent on themselves, in 1933 the federal government expanded in its responsibility to female workers. In 1938 the
1118:. The Women's Bureau regulated conditions for women employees. As female labor became a crucial part of the economy, efforts by the Women's Bureau increased. The Bureau pushed for employers to take advantage of "women-power" and persuaded women to enter the employment market.
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Unions also became a major outlet for women to fight against the unfair treatment they experienced. Women who joined these types of unions stayed before and after work to talk about the benefits of the union, collect dues, obtain charters, and form bargaining committees.
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became a female-dominated profession in the 1930s, emphasizing a group professional identity and the casework method. Social workers gave crucial expertise for the expansion of federal, state and local government, as well as services to meet the needs of the
Depression.
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was especially noticeable in pink-collar jobs where the largest number of women were employed. Women were given routine, less responsible jobs available and often with a lower pay than men. These jobs were monotonous and mechanical often with assembly-line procedures.
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was passed making it the first federal law against sex discrimination, equal pay for equal work (at least removed explicit base pay discrepancies based on sex), and had employers allow both men and women applicants to open positions if they qualified from the start.
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In the 1940s, clerical work expanded to occupy the largest number of women employees, this field diversified as it moved into commercial service. The average worker in the 1940s was over 35 years old, married, and needed to work to keep their families afloat.
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The pink collar ghetto, also known as the velvet ghetto, concerns the phenomena of women entering a certain field employment and subsequently the status and pay grade of this profession drops along with the new influx of women workers. Some scholars, such as
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In addition, women gradually became more involved with church activities and came to take on more leadership roles in various religious societies. The women who joined these societies worked with their members, some of whom were full-time teachers, nurses,
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Teachers in primary and secondary schools remained female, although as the war progressed, women began to move on to better employment and higher salaries. In 1940, teaching positions paid less than $ 1,500 a year and fell to $ 800 in rural areas.
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In 1913 the ILGWU signed the well-known "protocol in the Dress and Waist
Industry" which was the first contract between labor and management settled by outside negotiators. The contract formalized the trade's division of labor by gender.
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Western women began to develop more opportunities when they moved into the paid workplace, formerly of the male domain. In the mid 19th and early 20th century women aimed to be treated as equals to their male counterparts, notably in the
1224:, claim this is partially the result of women taking technician roles instead of managerial roles, being less likely to negotiate higher pay, and being assumed to be putting family life before work, even when that is not the case.
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Steele's research concludes that ongoing hostility will result in lower workplace performance and employment retention of men in traditional pink-collar occupations. Although men in a woman-dominated professional environment face
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Historically, women were responsible for the running of a household. Their financial security was often dependent upon a male patriarch. Widowed or divorced women struggled to support themselves and their children.
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In the early 1900s women's pay was one to three dollars a week and much of that went to living expenses. In the 1900s female tobacco strippers earned five dollars a week, half of what their male coworkers made and
1188:" is a term used to refer to jobs dominated by women. The term was coined in 1983 to describe the limits women have in furthering their careers since the jobs are often dead-end, stressful and underpaid. The term
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was more commonly used in the early years, when women were finally able to work. Pink-collar work became the popular term once it was popularized by Louise Kapp Howe, a writer and social critic, in the 1970s.
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Kalokerinos, Elise K.; Kjelsaas, Kathleen; Bennetts, Steven; von Hippel, Courtney (1 August 2017). "Men in pink collars: Stereotype threat and disengagement among male teachers and child protection workers".
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Traditionally, Feminism in public relations focuses on gender equality, but new scholarship makes claims that focusing on social justice would better aid feminist cause in the field. This brings the idea of
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to the pink collar ghetto. The issue is not caused by what women lack as professionals, but caused by larger societal injustices and interlocking systems of oppression that systematically burden women.
182:'s 2011 World Health Statistics Report states that there are 19.3 million nurses in the world today. In the United States, women constitute 92.1% of the registered nurses that are currently employed.
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Today, the economy in the United
Kingdom still shows a prominent divide in a workforce with many occupations still labeled as "pink-collar". 28% of women worked jobs labeled under "pink-collar" in
139:. While these jobs may also be filled by men, they have historically been female-dominated (a tendency that continues today, though to a somewhat lesser extent) and may pay significantly less than
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together, they were groomed for different paths after they graduated. Education started out as a way to teach women how to be a good wife, but education also allowed women to broaden their minds.
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sparked a demand for "pink-collar jobs" as the military needed personnel to type letters, answer phones, and perform other secretarial tasks. One thousand women worked for the U.S. Navy as
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joined the armed services and were stationed domestically and abroad through participation in non-combat military roles and as medical personnel. One thousand female pilots joined the
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As explained in
Buzzanell et al.'s research article, maternity leave is the time off from work a mother takes after having a child, either through childbirth or adoption. In 2010, the
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Other scholars, such as Kim
Golombisky, acknowledge the inequalities of women, and especially certain minority groups and different classes, as part of the cause of this phenomenon.
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Mostly women were hired as librarians, who had been professionalized and feminized from the late 19th century. In 1920, women accounted for 88% of librarians in the United States.
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At the turn of the 19th century into the 20th, large numbers of single women in the United States traveled to large cities such as New York where they found work in factories and
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between being "just a housewife" because their upbringing taught them competition and achievement. Many women had furthered their education deriving a sense of self-worth.
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New women's organizations sprouted up working to reform and protect women in the workplace. The largest and most prestigious of these organizations was the
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Women's work â notably with the delegation of women to particular fields within the workplace â began to rise in the 1940s, in concurrence with
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marked the emergence of large numbers of women working domestically in industrial jobs to assist in the war effort as directed under the
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1813:"Educating Women for Self-Reliance and Economic Opportunity: The Strategic Entrepreneurialism of the Katharine Gibbs Schools, 1911â1968"
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and opportunity to learn basic office functions before moving on to management positions. In the 1860s and 1870s, widespread use of the
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This graph shows the increase in women graduating high school and attending college, while there is a decrease in high school dropouts.
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Women entering the workforce had difficulty finding a satisfactory job without references or an education. However, opportunities for
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estimates that, as of May 2008, there were over 2.2 million persons employed as servers in the United States. Furthermore, the
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Golombisky, Kim (2015). "Renewing the
Commitments of Feminist Public Relations Theory From Velvet Ghetto to Social Justice".
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worked in the factories earned meager wages for working long hours in unsafe conditions and as a result lived in poverty.
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Buzzanell, Patrice M.; Remke, Robyn V.; Meisenbach, Rebecca; Liu, Meina; Bowers, Venessa; Conn, Cindy (2 January 2017).
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women wanted this job because it paid five dollars a week and provided a rest lounge for the employees to take a break.
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and launched missions in overcrowded squalid immigrant neighborhoods to offer social services to women and children.
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security and the need for employment, but salary and advancements seem to be much more slow-growing factors.
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depicted by J. Howard Miller who created this poster as an inspirational image to boost female worker morale.
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2642:"Men in pink collars: Stereotype threat and disengagement among male teachers and child protection workers"
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go to charm schools and express their personality through fashion instead of furthering their education.
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Pink-collar occupations tend to be personal-service-oriented workers working in retail, nursing, and
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can also describe the placement of female managers into positions that will not lead them to the
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is someone working in the care-oriented career field or in fields historically considered to be
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and though some held professional positions, these boundaries were blurred. Some found work as
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Susan M. Hartmann, The Home Front and Beyond (Boston, MA: G.K. Hall &Co., 1982), p. 94.
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Kalokerinos, Elise K.; Kjelsaas, Kathleen; Bennetts, Steven; Hippel, Courtney von (2017).
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grew out of several successful strikes. Two million women joined the workforce during the
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Naffziger, Claudeen Cline; Naffziger, Ken (1974). "Development of Sex Role Stereotypes".
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Wallace, Ruth A. (2000). "Women and Religion: The Transformation of Leadership Roles".
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became a status symbol, and these new types of positions were relatively well paid.
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deal primarily with the United States and the United Kingdom and do not represent a
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1854:. A Woman's Place is at the Typewriter: Office Work and Office Workers, 1870-1930
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Typically, clerk positions were filled by young men who used the position as an
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were advocates for evolving the roles of women in America. These women created
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5271:
5036:
5001:
4963:
4877:
4840:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4727:
4684:
4669:
4647:
4572:
4410:
4390:
4309:
4177:
4172:
4142:
4108:
3616:
2956:
1987:"Paternalism and Pink Collars: Gender and Federal Employee Relations, 1941â50"
1365:
1271:
1204:
1080:
1050:
868:
843:
823:
707:
616:
597:
588:
479:
387:
136:
2675:
2619:
1838:
1559:
1503:
1423:
5928:
5848:
5662:
5347:
4701:
4602:
4562:
4532:
4453:
4289:
4252:
3662:
3657:
3624:
3596:
3484:
3479:
3415:
3390:
3337:
3251:
2966:
2898:
2057:
Monk, Janice (2003). "Women's Worlds at the American Geographical Society".
1414:
1169:
848:
792:
611:
575:
436:
422:
406:
358:
315:
229:
1431:
875:
17:
5762:
4820:
4810:
4742:
4737:
4706:
4552:
4507:
4385:
4380:
4284:
4162:
3671:
3643:
3629:
3496:
3462:
3420:
3405:
3365:
3110:
777:
567:
508:
128:
2770:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
2666:
2610:
2136:
1829:
1812:
5392:
5342:
5081:
5031:
4815:
4520:
4204:
3667:
3652:
3648:
3410:
3360:
3352:
3342:
3246:
3234:
3093:
2989:
2983:
2252:
2012:
1797:
1536:"Standpoints of Maternity Leave: Discourses of Temporality and Ability"
687:
646:
636:
571:
282:
163:
120:
2657:
2601:
2231:
Stoper, Emily (1991). "Women's Work, Women's Movement: Taking Stock".
2161:
1697:
1495:
1278:
determined that less than 20% of elementary school teachers were men.
1110:
Another organization that grew out of women in the workforce, was the
970:
A typical job sought by working women in the early 20th century was a
5516:
4864:
4503:
3639:
3452:
3385:
3325:
3320:
3127:
2774:
1335:
U.S. Department of Labor â Bureau of Labor Statistics (24 May 2006).
1099:(GFWC), whose members were conservative middle-class housewives. The
913:
and accepted profession for women, expanded during wartime. In 1917,
743:
579:
532:
491:
487:
470:
454:
2694:
Gibson Girls and Suffragists: Perceptions of Women from 1900 to 1918
2003:
1986:
1689:
5377:
3447:
3375:
2926:
2233:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1088:
practice types of social service work that was expected from her.
962:
961:
951:
874:
858:
620:
607:
562:
528:
273:
1478:
Barnes, Tiffany D.; Beall, Victoria D.; Holman, Mirya R. (2021).
5417:
4860:
3457:
2999:
1480:"Pink-Collar Representation and Budgetary Outcomes in US States"
4081:
3701:
3058:
2798:
2794:
867:
recruiting poster from World War II, showing an officer of the
826:, and social workers to accomplish their leadership tasks. The
369:
Hospital attendant / hospital service worker / hospital orderly
4395:
29:
4077:
1811:
Mullaney, Marie Marmo; Hilbert, Rosemary C. (February 2018).
1075:
expanded as women were admitted to all-male schools like the
1337:"Occupational Employment and Wages â Waiters and Waitresses"
1125:
Another win for women came in 1921 when Congress passed the
1192:
is just simply another way of describing pink-collar work.
1968:
1966:
654:/ non-profit volunteer coordinator / recreation director
54:
5087:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
2789:
1253:
professional, strong, and holding dominant attitudes.
1215:
Pink or velvet ghetto in the field of public relations
931:
which recruited women to fill war manufacturing jobs.
1633:""Pink collar" jobs are disproportionately underpaid"
1396:
Basu, S.; Ratcliffe, G.; Green, M. (1 October 2015).
2335:
2333:
2226:
2224:
2222:
712:
Personal care attendant / personal or home care aide
250:/ early childhood educator / kindergarten teacher /
5836:
5755:
5596:
5470:
5335:
5227:
5194:
5057:
4982:
4859:
4781:
4715:
4502:
4424:
4368:
4218:
4115:
3998:
3890:
3858:
3825:
3751:
3714:
3615:
3572:
3532:
3514:
3433:
3351:
3311:
3220:
3213:
3168:
3071:
2917:
2871:
2710:(New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith)
1635:. Indiana University Sourh Bend Student Newspaper.
170:, and are among the most common occupations in the
2741:
2530:
2024:
2022:
1912:
1164:21st-century female working world (United Kingdom)
942:, one hundred and forty thousand women joined the
830:was the first to elect a woman president in 1938.
978:. The Hello Girls began as women who operated on
958:20th-century female working world (United States)
27:Someone working in the care-oriented career field
2200:
2198:
198:leave instead of time off for maternity leave.
2696:(Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books)
2212:
2210:
1747:
1745:
706:Food preparation worker / counter attendant /
4093:
2810:
2379:"Promises Unkept in the Enduring Pink Ghetto"
2351:"Pink-collar workers fight to leave "ghetto""
2188:
2186:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2036:
2034:
1886:"Women in the Work Force during World War II"
1718:
1716:
43:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
3494:
2706:Humowitz, Carol; Weissman, Michelle (1978).
2557:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1980:
1978:
1778:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
1759:
1757:
1356:
1354:
1330:
1328:
776:. In 1920 American women legally gained the
2790:9to5, National Association of Working Women
1945:"Topics in Chronicling America-Hello Girls"
1364:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1024:discrimination when they tried to advance.
802:Throughout the 20th century, women such as
780:, marking a turning point for the American
392:Marketing coordinator / marketing assistant
4100:
4086:
4078:
3720:
3711:
3698:
3217:
3068:
3055:
2868:
2817:
2803:
2795:
1771:
1769:
1101:International Ladies Garment Workers Union
946:and one hundred thousand women joined the
166:(depending on the level), are part of the
5829:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
2665:
2609:
2529:L., Hunt, H. Allan|Hunt, Timothy (1983).
2442:"Public Relations Field: 'Velvet Ghetto'"
2002:
1828:
1413:
828:Association for the Sociology of Religion
784:movement; yet race and class remained as
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
5673:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
4350:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
2377:Glasscock, Gretchen (10 February 2009).
1856:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
1448:. US Department of Labor. Archived from
94:
5854:Credentialism and educational inflation
2775:Workers in the Pink Collar Market Place
2533:Human Resource Implications of Robotics
1919:. New York: Oxford University. p.
1324:
5725:List of countries by unemployment rate
2550:
1293:Designation of workers by collar color
2646:European Journal of Social Psychology
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2590:European Journal of Social Psychology
2180:(New York: The Penguin Group), p. 27.
1606:"Nine pink collar jobs men want most"
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
954:in addition to administrative staff.
366:/ healthcare assistant / nurse's aide
288:Psychiatric rehabilitation specialist
7:
4618:Practice-based professional learning
2469:Journal of Public Relations Research
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1107:who sought to reform social issues.
202:Pink-collar occupations may include:
5171:Workers' right to access the toilet
2204:Humowitz Weissman 1978, pp. 236â237
1728:National Museum of American History
1276:The Australian Bureau of Statistics
1097:General Federation of Women's Clubs
919:Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing
902:, clerks, and telephone operators.
379:Advertising and promotions managers
335:Medical and health service managers
103:teacher assists one of her students
3060:
2780:Women Work! Women in the Workforce
2079:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2003.tb00031.x
1790:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2000.tb00011.x
1446:"Quick Facts on Registered Nurses"
25:
2744:Women and the American Experience
2491:– via Communication Source.
2349:Kleiman, Carol (8 January 2006).
1639:from the original on 3 March 2023
1160:despite negative public opinion.
879:This poster made in 1942 titled "
5942:
5941:
5235:Corporate collapses and scandals
4062:
4061:
2408:Murray, Sarah (8 January 2008).
1604:Sardi, Katerina (27 June 2012).
1540:Women's Studies in Communication
1146:National Recovery Administration
34:
2410:"Posting Up in the Pink Ghetto"
1077:United States service academies
684:Hotel housekeeper / chambermaid
115:. This may include jobs in the
5735:Employment-to-population ratio
5107:Occupational health psychology
3703:
2725:. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co.
2327:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 316
2282:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 304
2273:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 364
2216:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 240
2162:"Housework and Domestic Work,"
2126:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 332
2117:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 326
2108:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 314
1817:History of Education Quarterly
1751:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 239
1666:Humowitz Weissman 1978, p. 333
1362:"World Health Statistics 2011"
936:American women in World War II
441:Meeting and convention planner
1:
5823:Works Progress Administration
5715:Unemployment Convention, 1919
5127:Personal protective equipment
4675:Occupational Outlook Handbook
2748:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2708:A History of Women in America
2505:Feminism Confronts Technology
2481:10.1080/1062726X.2015.1086653
1631:Rose, Ashley (2 March 2023).
1552:10.1080/07491409.2015.1113451
1484:Legislative Studies Quarterly
1398:"Health and pink-collar work"
1018:American Geographical Society
940:Women Airforce Service Pilots
307:speech and language therapist
5904:Psychopathy in the workplace
5077:Human factors and ergonomics
444:Tax examiner / revenue agent
5889:Narcissism in the workplace
5102:Occupational exposure limit
2692:Gourley, Catherine (2008).
2245:10.1177/0002716291515001013
834:Invention of the typewriter
303:Speech-language pathologist
191:International Labour Office
57:, discuss the issue on the
6054:
6023:Employment classifications
5818:Civil Works Administration
5700:Technological unemployment
5176:Workplace health promotion
4628:Professional certification
4325:Personalityâjob fit theory
2909:Weberian (three-component)
2574:Male Designs on Technology
1985:Rung, Margaret C. (1997).
1911:May, Elaine Tyler (1994).
1583:"The Pink-Collar Job Boom"
763:Background (United States)
176:Bureau of Labor Statistics
5937:
5798:Guaranteed minimum income
5383:Organizational commitment
4057:
3723:
3710:
3697:
3067:
3054:
2867:
2838:
2415:Women's Sports Foundation
2137:"US Inflation Calculator"
1207:, thus perpetuating the "
557:Personal care and service
257:Special Education teacher
180:World Health Organization
5967:Aspects of organizations
5648:Involuntary unemployment
5209:Equal pay for equal work
5132:Repetitive strain injury
4633:Professional development
4623:Professional association
4305:Letter of recommendation
4031:Pre-industrial East Asia
1339:. US Department of Labor
1154:Fair Labor Standards Act
427:administrative assistant
5952:Aspects of corporations
5914:Slow movement (culture)
5793:Employer of last resort
5695:Structural unemployment
5633:Frictional unemployment
5072:Epilepsy and employment
4959:Performance-related pay
4893:National average salary
4806:996 working hour system
3079:Administrative detainee
2141:US Inflation Calculator
1991:Business History Review
1949:The Library of Congress
1265:Men in pink-collar jobs
929:War Manpower Commission
774:Seneca Falls Convention
728:/ parking lot attendant
5962:Aspects of occupations
5768:Unemployment insurance
5720:Unemployment extension
5690:Reserve army of labour
5495:Constructive dismissal
5302:Sleeping while on duty
5267:Exploitation of labour
5149:Sick building syndrome
4320:Personâenvironment fit
4190:Independent contractor
3495:
2740:Woloch, Nancy (1984).
2502:Wajcman, Judy (1991).
2176:Archer, Jules (1991).
1724:"Sweatshops 1880-1940"
1678:The Family Coordinator
1256:According to the 2016
980:telephone switchboards
967:
892:
872:
871:before a hospital ship
658:Relationship counselor
293:Occupational therapist
104:
5972:Aspects of workplaces
5710:Unemployment benefits
5705:Types of unemployment
5643:Graduate unemployment
5537:Letter of resignation
5166:Workers' compensation
5159:Occupational fatality
4663:Vocational university
4263:Employment counsellor
4036:Pre-industrial Europe
1852:Davies, M.W. (1982).
1608:. NBC. Archived from
1415:10.1093/occmed/kqv103
1402:Occupational Medicine
1261:and social services.
965:
878:
862:
786:impediments to voting
623:/ child-care provider
98:
6038:Feminist terminology
5778:Job creation program
5554:Mandatory retirement
5507:Employee offboarding
5327:Workplace incivility
5322:Workplace harassment
5097:Occupational disease
5092:Occupational burnout
5007:Disability insurance
4851:Workweek and weekend
4831:Retroactive overtime
4653:Vocational education
4568:Continuing education
4406:Permanent employment
3893: or countries
3704:By country or region
2942:Class discrimination
2721:Ware, Susan (1982).
2508:. Penn State Press.
2291:Gourley 2008, p. 104
1972:Gourley 2008, p. 105
1875:Gourley 2008, p. 123
1866:Gourley 2008, p. 119
1763:Gourley 2008, p. 99.
1710:Gourley 2008, p. 103
1258:United States Census
619:/ day care worker /
507:/ nail technician /
354:Lactation consultant
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
5683:Recession-proof job
5678:Lists of recessions
5616:Economic depression
5564:Retirement planning
5445:Workâlife interface
5282:Employee monitoring
5250:Corporate behaviour
5240:Accounting scandals
5122:Occupational stress
5112:Occupational injury
4643:Reflective practice
4638:Professional school
4360:Work-at-home scheme
4280:Induction programme
4258:Employment contract
4238:Business networking
3425:Vanniar (Chieftain)
2785:Statistics on Women
2389:on 25 February 2009
2339:Woloch 1984, p. 404
2318:Woloch 1984, p. 405
2309:Woloch 1984, p. 500
2300:Woloch 1984, p. 525
2071:2003GeoRv..93..237M
2059:Geographical Review
1830:10.1017/heq.2017.49
1368:on 16 November 2011
1303:White-collar worker
1127:SheppardâTowner Act
1116:Department of Labor
1060:gender earnings gap
915:Louisa Lee Schuyler
708:cafeteria attendant
429:/ information clerk
344:Pharmacy technician
6033:Feminist economics
5946:See also templates
5783:Job creation index
5747:Youth unemployment
5611:Discouraged worker
5500:Wrongful dismissal
5480:At-will employment
5353:Civil conscription
5317:Workplace bullying
5204:Affirmative action
5186:Workplace wellness
5117:Occupational noise
4753:Long service leave
4613:Overspecialization
4593:Induction training
4548:Career development
4006:18th-century Spain
3860:Standard of living
3564:Upper middle class
3559:Lower middle class
3150:Political prisoner
2932:Chattering classes
2904:Spoon class theory
2448:. 30 November 1986
2192:Woloch 1984, p. 27
2165:Sociological Forum
1915:Pushing the Limits
1288:Blue-collar worker
1016:Two-thirds of the
972:telephone operator
968:
950:as nurses through
948:United States Navy
944:Women's Army Corps
893:
887:era cultural icon
873:
865:United States Navy
855:World War I and II
757:Fitness instructor
721:Washroom attendant
701:retail salesperson
298:Physical therapist
262:Teaching assistant
243:library technician
218:Landscape designer
109:pink-collar worker
105:
5995:
5994:
5894:Post-work society
5874:Kiss up kick down
5606:Barriers to entry
5571:Severance package
5403:Human trafficking
5297:Sexual harassment
5277:Employee handbook
5196:Equal opportunity
5059:Safety and health
5049:Take-home vehicle
4658:Vocational school
4608:Lifelong learning
4583:Further education
4543:Career counseling
4538:Career assessment
4315:Overqualification
4075:
4074:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
3886:
3885:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3587:Lumpenproletariat
3089:illegal immigrant
3050:
3049:
2962:Classless society
2755:978-0-394-53515-9
2732:978-0-8057-9900-2
2723:Holding Their Own
2702:978-0-8225-7150-6
2658:10.1002/ejsp.2246
2602:10.1002/ejsp.2246
2446:Los Angeles Times
2356:The Seattle Times
2178:Breaking Barriers
2040:Ware 1982, p. 102
1951:. 29 January 2015
1930:978-0-19-508084-1
1890:National Archives
1496:10.1111/lsq.12286
1452:on 6 October 2014
1244:Scholars such as
1233:intersectionalism
1105:Progressive Party
889:Rosie the Riveter
816:settlement houses
642:Massage therapist
364:Medical assistant
248:Preschool teacher
239:Library assistant
234:teacher-librarian
213:Interior designer
101:special education
91:
90:
83:
65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
6045:
6008:1970s neologisms
5982:Critique of work
5977:Corporate titles
5945:
5944:
5864:Evil corporation
5730:Employment rates
5653:Jobless recovery
5621:Great Depression
5581:Golden parachute
5576:Golden handshake
5373:Job satisfaction
5363:Critique of work
5181:Workplace phobia
5012:Health insurance
4969:Wage compression
4937:Progressive wage
4791:35-hour workweek
4758:No call, no show
4748:Leave of absence
4598:Knowledge worker
4526:Master craftsman
4330:Personality hire
4268:Executive search
4248:Curriculum vitae
4233:Background check
4102:
4095:
4088:
4079:
4065:
4064:
3892:
3793:Mexican-American
3721:
3712:
3699:
3500:
3443:Business magnate
3333:Knowledge worker
3218:
3106:dual or multiple
3069:
3056:
3010:Social exclusion
3005:Social cleansing
2919:
2869:
2858:Economic classes
2819:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2759:
2747:
2736:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2637:
2624:
2623:
2613:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2536:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2418:. Archived from
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2385:. Archived from
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2228:
2217:
2214:
2205:
2202:
2193:
2190:
2181:
2174:
2168:
2167:182 no.2 (1993).
2160:Silver, Hilary.
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2054:
2041:
2038:
2029:
2028:Ware 1982, p. 74
2026:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1982:
1973:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1892:. 15 August 2016
1882:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1773:
1764:
1761:
1752:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1730:. 21 August 2017
1720:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1657:Ware 1982, p. 17
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1612:on 29 April 2014
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1581:Francis, David.
1578:
1572:
1571:
1531:
1516:
1515:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1417:
1393:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1332:
1240:Male integration
1174:northern England
1158:Great Depression
1073:higher education
788:for some women.
782:women's suffrage
752:dance instructor
703:/ retail manager
662:family therapist
585:Flight attendant
520:Personal stylist
496:image consultant
484:costume designer
433:Data entry clerk
412:Public relations
349:Dental hygienist
321:Dental assistant
278:registered nurse
133:secretarial work
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6053:
6052:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6042:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5987:Organized labor
5957:Aspects of jobs
5933:
5924:Toxic workplace
5859:Emotional labor
5832:
5756:Public programs
5751:
5668:Great Recession
5638:Full employment
5626:Long Depression
5592:
5490:Banishment room
5466:
5388:Refusal of work
5331:
5255:Corporate crime
5223:
5190:
5053:
4978:
4855:
4777:
4711:
4588:Graduate school
4498:
4420:
4364:
4355:Underemployment
4214:
4158:Self-employment
4133:Contingent work
4123:Academic tenure
4116:Classifications
4111:
4106:
4076:
4071:
4045:
3994:
3882:
3854:
3821:
3805:Underprivileged
3747:
3706:
3705:
3681:
3611:
3568:
3528:
3510:
3429:
3347:
3307:
3209:
3164:
3063:
3062:
3046:
3025:Social position
3015:Social mobility
2913:
2863:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2766:
2756:
2739:
2733:
2720:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2549:
2545:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2422:on 16 June 2010
2407:
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2196:
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2130:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2056:
2055:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2004:10.2307/3116078
1984:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
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1395:
1394:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1313:Glass escalator
1284:
1267:
1242:
1217:
1182:
1166:
1069:
1042:
1008:human computers
960:
907:Military nurses
883:" captures the
857:
836:
765:
735:
676:Wedding planner
627:Domestic worker
559:
551:Magazine editor
547:
524:fashion stylist
463:
451:
402:Legal secretary
396:Human resources
376:
270:
226:
209:
195:maternity leave
193:explained that
160:
117:beauty industry
87:
76:
70:
67:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6051:
6049:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:Social classes
6015:
6010:
6000:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5909:Sunday scaries
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5660:
5658:Phillips curve
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5559:Retirement age
5556:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5512:Exit interview
5509:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5262:Discrimination
5259:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5214:Gender pay gap
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5151:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5029:
5027:Parental leave
5024:
5022:Marriage leave
5019:
5017:Life insurance
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4873:Income bracket
4869:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4801:Eight-hour day
4798:
4793:
4787:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4560:
4558:Creative class
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4518:
4516:Apprenticeship
4512:
4510:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4484:Scarlet-collar
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4200:Temporary work
4197:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4168:Skilled worker
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4026:Ottoman Empire
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Ancient Greece
4008:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3985:United Kingdom
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3878:Home-ownership
3875:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3757:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:American Dream
3730:
3724:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3224:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3145:Migrant worker
3142:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3065:
3064:
3061:By demographic
3059:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3041:Status Anxiety
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Ranked society
2992:
2987:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Class conflict
2934:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2920: topics
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Mudsill theory
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2764:External links
2762:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2737:
2731:
2718:
2704:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2652:(5): 553â565.
2625:
2596:(5): 553â565.
2579:
2572:Wajman, Judy.
2564:
2543:
2521:
2515:978-0271008028
2514:
2494:
2475:(5): 389â415.
2459:
2433:
2400:
2383:The New Agenda
2369:
2341:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2239:(1): 151â162.
2218:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2169:
2153:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2065:(2): 237â257.
2042:
2030:
2018:
1997:(3): 381â416.
1974:
1962:
1936:
1929:
1903:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1844:
1803:
1784:(4): 496â508.
1765:
1753:
1741:
1712:
1703:
1690:10.2307/582762
1684:(3): 251â259.
1668:
1659:
1650:
1623:
1596:
1573:
1517:
1490:(1): 119â154.
1463:
1437:
1408:(7): 529â534.
1379:
1350:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1266:
1263:
1241:
1238:
1222:Elizabeth Toth
1216:
1213:
1181:
1178:
1165:
1162:
1112:Women's Bureau
1068:
1065:
1041:
1038:
959:
956:
856:
853:
840:apprenticeship
835:
832:
764:
761:
760:
759:
754:
741:
734:
731:
730:
729:
723:
718:
713:
710:
704:
694:
685:
682:
673:
668:
655:
652:Camp counselor
649:
644:
639:
634:
624:
614:
605:
600:
594:Museum docents
591:
582:
565:
558:
555:
554:
553:
546:
543:
542:
541:
536:
526:
517:
512:
505:make-up artist
498:
477:
462:
459:
458:
457:
450:
447:
446:
445:
442:
439:
430:
420:
415:
409:
404:
399:
393:
390:
385:
380:
375:
374:Administration
372:
371:
370:
367:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
333:
328:
323:
318:
309:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
269:
266:
265:
264:
259:
254:
245:
236:
225:
222:
221:
220:
215:
208:
205:
168:service sector
159:
156:
89:
88:
49:of the subject
47:worldwide view
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6050:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6028:Working class
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6003:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5884:Make-work job
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5803:Right to work
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5788:Job guarantee
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5773:Make-work job
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5544:Restructuring
5542:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5522:Notice period
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5428:Unfree labour
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5398:Bonded labour
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5312:Whistleblower
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:Control fraud
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5219:Glass ceiling
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5154:Work accident
5152:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5142:United States
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5042:United States
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4997:Casual Friday
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:Paid time off
4952:
4950:
4949:Overtime rate
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4930:United States
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:Four-day week
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4680:Practice firm
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:Employability
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:Orange-collar
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4426:Working class
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:Job interview
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Part-time job
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:Full-time job
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4103:
4098:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4068:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3990:United States
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:Other regions
3889:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:United States
3713:
3709:
3700:
3696:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Socioeconomic
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3030:Social stigma
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Social orphan
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:Nouveau riche
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Class traitor
2950:
2948:
2947:Class society
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Gilbert model
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2716:0-553-20762-8
2713:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2580:
2576:. p. 27.
2575:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2546:
2544:9780880990080
2540:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1904:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1209:glass ceiling
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:Equal Pay Act
1130:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
988:
985:
981:
977:
973:
964:
957:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
920:
916:
912:
909:, an already
908:
905:In addition,
903:
901:
900:stenographers
897:
890:
886:
882:
881:We Can Do It!
877:
870:
866:
861:
854:
852:
850:
845:
841:
833:
831:
829:
825:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
796:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
778:right to vote
775:
769:
762:
758:
755:
753:
749:
748:choreographer
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
716:Car attendant
714:
711:
709:
705:
702:
698:
697:Retail clerks
695:
693:
692:waiting staff
689:
686:
683:
681:
680:event planner
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:social worker
663:
659:
656:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
632:
631:Maid services
628:
625:
622:
618:
615:
613:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
595:
592:
590:
586:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
552:
549:
548:
544:
540:
537:
534:
530:
527:
525:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:/ esthetician
510:
506:
502:
501:Cosmetologist
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:
476:
475:hair colorist
472:
468:
465:
464:
460:
456:
453:
452:
449:Entertainment
448:
443:
440:
438:
434:
431:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
378:
377:
373:
368:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Social worker
324:
322:
319:
317:
313:
310:
308:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
275:
272:
271:
267:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
252:nursery nurse
249:
246:
244:
240:
237:
235:
231:
228:
227:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
206:
204:
203:
199:
196:
192:
187:
183:
181:
177:
173:
172:United States
169:
165:
157:
155:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
102:
97:
93:
85:
82:
74:
64:
60:
56:
50:
48:
41:
32:
31:
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5919:Toxic leader
5899:Presenteeism
5879:Labor rights
5869:Going postal
5844:Bullshit job
5827:
5812:
5807:
5598:Unemployment
5450:Downshifting
5433:Wage slavery
5413:Penal labour
5368:Dead-end job
5358:Conscription
5137:Right to sit
4992:Annual leave
4974:Working poor
4910:Minimum wage
4888:Maximum wage
4846:Working time
4836:Six-hour day
4733:Career break
4695:Professional
4489:Black-collar
4459:White-collar
4448:
4439:Green-collar
4416:Volunteering
4253:Drug testing
4243:Cover letter
4183:Tradesperson
4041:Soviet Union
4016:Ancient Rome
3873:Homelessness
3798:Upper Middle
3670: /
3651: /
3642: /
3607:Working poor
3503:
3490:Robber baron
3313:Intellectual
3303:Royal family
3267:Ancient Rome
3199:
3121:second-class
3039:
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2981: /
2976:
2972:High society
2879:Elite theory
2856:
2849:
2842:
2829:Social class
2743:
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2687:Bibliography
2667:11343/292953
2649:
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2611:11343/292953
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1308:Women's work
1272:stereotyping
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824:missionaries
820:
812:Lillian Wald
801:
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770:
766:
671:Travel agent
418:Receptionist
331:Psychologist
312:Nutritionist
207:Architecture
201:
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188:
184:
161:
152:World War II
149:
141:white-collar
113:women's work
108:
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68:
44:
6013:Office work
5808:Historical:
5532:Resignation
5472:Termination
5455:Slow living
5423:Truck wages
5408:Labour camp
5336:Willingness
5228:Infractions
4883:Living wage
4826:Remote work
4494:Gold-collar
4449:Pink-collar
4444:Grey-collar
4434:Blue-collar
4401:Labour hire
4376:Cooperative
4340:Recruitment
4295:Job hunting
4228:Application
4210:Wage labour
4195:Labour hire
4148:Job sharing
3960:New Zealand
3677:Untouchable
3602:Proletariat
3592:Pea-pickers
3542:Bourgeoisie
3230:Aristocracy
3116:naturalized
3111:native-born
2146:16 December
1643:13 February
1456:1 September
1372:1 September
1343:31 December
1298:Office lady
1201:Pink ghetto
1194:Pink ghetto
1190:pink ghetto
1186:Pink ghetto
1180:Pink ghetto
995:Social work
917:opened the
911:"feminized"
896:World War I
808:Jane Addams
804:Emily Balch
739:Cheerleader
603:Casino host
467:Hairstylist
383:Bank teller
158:Occupations
145:blue-collar
125:social work
71:August 2022
18:Pink-collar
6002:Categories
5742:Wage curve
5549:Retirement
5462:Workaholic
5440:Work ethic
5307:Wage theft
5292:Labour law
5287:Evaluation
5272:Dress code
5037:Sick leave
5002:Child care
4964:Salary cap
4878:Income tax
4841:Shift work
4773:Time clock
4768:Sick leave
4763:Sabbatical
4728:Break room
4716:Attendance
4685:Profession
4670:Mentorship
4648:Retraining
4573:E-learning
4469:New-collar
4464:Red-collar
4411:Supervisor
4391:Internship
4310:Onboarding
4178:Technician
4173:Journeyman
4143:Gig worker
4109:Employment
3950:Luxembourg
3840:Inequality
3505:Superclass
3296:Hereditary
3272:Post-Roman
3263:Patrician
3133:adolescent
2957:Classicide
2452:17 October
2362:16 October
1955:8 December
1896:14 October
1734:14 October
1319:References
1205:board room
1081:Ivy League
976:Hello Girl
869:Navy WAVES
844:typewriter
793:sweatshops
726:Meter maid
617:Babysitter
598:tour guide
589:stewardess
480:Dressmaker
388:Bookkeeper
268:Healthcare
137:child care
5929:Workhouse
5849:Busy work
5663:Recession
5527:Pink slip
5485:Dismissal
5348:Careerism
4942:Singapore
4920:Hong Kong
4783:Schedules
4702:Tradesman
4603:Licensure
4563:Education
4533:Avocation
4474:No-collar
4454:Precariat
4335:Probation
4290:Job fraud
3975:Sri Lanka
3868:Education
3835:Household
3728:Affluence
3663:Rat tribe
3625:Ant tribe
3597:Precariat
3582:Lazzaroni
3524:Bohemians
3485:Overclass
3480:Old money
3416:Spartiate
3391:Kshatriya
3381:Hashashin
3338:Professor
3279:Political
3252:Oligarchy
3242:Hanseaten
3160:Stateless
3140:Convicted
3072:By status
3035:Subaltern
2967:Euthenics
2899:New class
2676:1099-0992
2620:1099-0992
2553:cite book
2489:146755121
2261:153384038
2087:144133405
1839:0018-2680
1585:. US News
1568:148124656
1560:0749-1409
1512:219502815
1504:1939-9162
1424:0962-7480
1170:Rotherham
1067:Education
934:Notably,
849:secretary
633:attendant
612:caregiver
576:bartender
437:Shorthand
423:Secretary
407:Paralegal
359:Wet nurse
339:Counselor
316:dietitian
230:Librarian
224:Education
59:talk page
5837:See also
5763:Workfare
5588:Turnover
4984:Benefits
4865:salaries
4821:Overtime
4811:Flextime
4743:Gap year
4738:Furlough
4707:Vocation
4690:Operator
4553:Coaching
4508:training
4386:Employer
4381:Employee
4285:Job fair
4163:Side job
4067:Category
3999:Historic
3920:Colombia
3910:Cambodia
3845:Personal
3743:Mobility
3672:Freedman
3658:Plebeian
3644:Prisoner
3630:Commoner
3516:Creative
3497:Seigneur
3463:Nobility
3421:Vanniyar
3406:Pendekar
3366:Cossacks
3000:Snobbery
2872:Theories
2426:29 March
2393:29 March
1637:Archived
1432:26272379
1282:See also
568:Waitress
509:perfumer
164:teaching
129:teaching
53:You may
5813:U.S.A.:
5418:Peonage
5393:Slavery
5343:Boreout
5082:Karoshi
5032:Pension
4816:On-call
4521:Artisan
4205:Laborer
3970:Romania
3965:Nigeria
3850:Poverty
3753:Classes
3738:History
3649:Peasant
3635:Outcast
3574:Working
3554:Burgher
3411:Samurai
3401:OcÄlĆtl
3361:Chhetri
3353:Warrior
3343:Scholar
3257:Russian
3247:Magnate
3235:Aristoi
3214:By type
3101:Citizen
3094:refugee
2990:Poverty
2984:Parvenu
2918:Related
2889:Marxian
2851:Stratum
2253:1046935
2067:Bibcode
2013:3116078
1798:1388082
1616:29 June
1589:13 June
1114:of the
982:during
688:Cashier
647:Florist
637:Cleaner
572:barista
461:Fashion
414:manager
398:manager
283:Midwife
121:nursing
5517:Layoff
5067:Crunch
4925:Europe
4915:Canada
4903:Europe
4504:Career
4345:Résumé
4220:Hiring
4128:Casual
3925:France
3905:Belize
3900:Africa
3827:Income
3783:Middle
3776:Gentry
3640:Outlaw
3547:Petite
3534:Middle
3468:Landed
3453:Gentry
3386:Knight
3326:Priest
3321:Clergy
3284:Family
3222:Ruling
3171:collar
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2844:Status
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744:Dancer
580:busser
535:artist
533:Mehndi
492:Sewing
488:tailor
471:barber
455:Dancer
174:. The
147:jobs.
5378:McJob
4898:World
4861:Wages
4723:Break
4369:Roles
4021:Aztec
3980:Tibet
3955:Nepal
3945:Italy
3935:India
3930:Haiti
3915:China
3815:Under
3810:Lower
3788:Black
3771:Donor
3766:Black
3761:Upper
3668:Slave
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3473:Petty
3448:Elite
3435:Upper
3376:Harii
3371:CuÄuh
3205:White
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3084:Alien
2927:Caste
2537:. W.
2485:S2CID
2257:S2CID
2249:JSTOR
2083:S2CID
2009:JSTOR
1794:JSTOR
1694:JSTOR
1564:S2CID
1508:S2CID
952:WAVES
733:Sport
621:nanny
608:Doula
563:Valet
545:Media
539:Buyer
529:Henna
515:Model
274:Nurse
135:, or
61:, or
4863:and
4506:and
4273:list
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3289:List
3200:Pink
3190:Grey
3180:Blue
3169:By "
2750:ISBN
2727:ISBN
2712:ISBN
2698:ISBN
2672:ISSN
2616:ISSN
2559:link
2539:ISBN
2510:ISBN
2454:2019
2428:2010
2395:2010
2364:2008
2148:2017
1957:2017
1925:ISBN
1898:2019
1835:ISSN
1736:2019
1645:2024
1618:2014
1591:2014
1556:ISSN
1500:ISSN
1458:2013
1428:PMID
1420:ISSN
1374:2013
1345:2006
1144:The
1079:and
885:WWII
4396:Job
3195:New
2662:hdl
2654:doi
2606:hdl
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2075:doi
1999:doi
1825:doi
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