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981:(2.4 GHz) radio waves which allowed for a 15 km resolution. This study not only confirmed the existence of the zones of high reflectivity and depolarization, but also found a number of new areas (bringing the total to 20) and was even able to survey the poles. It has been postulated that surface
803:
One unusual feature of the planet's surface is the numerous compression folds which crisscross the plains. It is thought that as the planet's interior cooled, it contracted and its surface began to deform. The folds can be seen on top of other features, such as craters and smoother plains, indicating
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unit is that shock waves generated during the impact traveled around the planet, and when they converged at the basin's antipode (180 degrees away) the high stresses were capable of fracturing the surface. A much less favoured idea was that this terrain formed as a result of the convergence of ejecta
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In spite of its proximity to the Sun, Mercury may have surface ice, since temperatures near the poles are constantly below freezing point: On the polar plains, the temperature does not rise above â106 °C. Craters at
Mercury's higher latitudes (discovered by radar surveys from Earth as well) may
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are widespread flat areas resembling the lunar maria, which fill depressions of various sizes. Notably, they fill a wide ring surrounding the
Caloris Basin. An appreciable difference to the lunar maria is that the smooth plains of Mercury have the same albedo as the older intercrater plains. Despite
771:
a lack of unequivocally volcanic features, their localisation and lobate-shaped colour units strongly support a volcanic origin. All the
Mercurian smooth plains formed significantly later than the Caloris basin, as evidenced by appreciably smaller crater densities than on the Caloris ejecta blanket.
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are the oldest visible surface, predating the heavily cratered terrain. They are gently rolling or hilly and occur in the regions between larger craters. The intercrater plains appear to have obliterated many earlier craters, and show a general paucity of smaller craters below about 30 km in
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days, so that spacecraft flybys are restricted to viewing only a single illuminated hemisphere. Unfortunately, even though
Mariner 10 space probe flew past Mercury three times during 1974 and 1975, it observed the same area during each pass. This was because Mariner 10's orbital period was almost
234:
Mercury's density implies a solid iron-rich core that accounts for about 60% of its volume (75% of its radius). Mercury's magnetic equator is shifted nearly 20% of the planet's radius towards the north, the largest ratio of all planets. This shift suggests there being one or more iron-rich molten
1006:
The strength of the radar reflections seen on
Mercury are small compared to that which would occur with pure ice. This may be due to powder deposition that does not cover the surface of the crater completely or other causes, e.g. a thin overlying surface layer. However, the evidence for ice on
449:
found on the Moon. Later, as the planet cooled and contracted, its surface began to crack and form ridges; these surface cracks and ridges can be seen on top of other features, such as the craters and smoother plainsâa clear indication that they are more recent. Mercury's period of
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to do anything other than rapidly pass by
Mercury. In order to land safely or enter a stable orbit the spacecraft must rely entirely on rocket motors because Mercury has negligible atmosphere. A direct trip to Mercury actually requires more rocket fuel than that required to
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have an orange hue. Thought to be evidence of shallow magmatic activity, pit craters may have formed when subsurface magma drained elsewhere and left a roof area unsupported, leading to collapse and the formation of the pit. Major craters exhibiting these features include
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spacecraft during three flybys of the planet from 1974 to 1975. These images covered about 45% of the planetâs surface, but many of them were unsuitable for detailed geologic investigation because of high sun angles which made it hard to determine surface morphology and
550:; about thirty times fewer boulders are found on Mercury than on the Moon. An explanation for this rarity is that the lifespan of Mercury's boulders can be less than the life span of boulders on the Moon (around 100 million years).
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site at
Goldstone were at a power level of 460 kW at 8.51 GHz; the signals received by the VLA multi-dish array detected points of radar reflectivity (radar luminosity) with depolarized waves from Mercury's north pole.
185:
which makes reaching it with spacecraft technically challenging and Earth-based observations difficult. For decades, the principal source of geologic information about
Mercury came from the 2,700 images taken by the
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is also filled by a geologically distinct flat plain, broken up by ridges and fractures in a roughly polygonal pattern. It is not clear whether they are volcanic lavas induced by the impact, or a large sheet of
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at this basin's antipode. Furthermore, the formation of the
Caloris Basin appears to have produced a shallow depression concentric around the basin, which was later filled by the smooth plains (see below).
230:
indicative of thrust faulting, and mineral deposits (possibly ice) inside craters at the poles. Long thought to be geologically inactive, new evidence suggests there may still be some level of activity.
373:
and other space observatories are usually prevented from pointing close to the Sun for safety reasons (Erroneously pointing such sensitive instruments at the Sun is likely to cause permanent damage).
1826:"Life on the Planet Mercury? 'It's Not Completely Nuts' - A new explanation for the rocky world's jumbled landscape opens a possibility that it could have had ingredients for habitability"
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have been seen (although their interpretation is disputed). It is thought by astronomers that ice on both
Mercury and the Moon must have originated from external sources, mostly impacting
996:
into the vacuum of space, the temperature in the permanently shadowed region is so low that this sublimation is slow enough to potentially preserve deposited ice for billions of years.
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hundreds of kilometers across. They appear in all states of degradation, from relatively fresh rayed-craters, to highly degraded crater remnants. Mercurian craters differ subtly from
1003:, and other small craters containing reflective areas have also been identified. At the North Pole, a number of craters smaller than Chao-Meng Fu have these reflective properties.
226:
which appear to be the source of magma-carved valleys, often-grouped irregular-shaped depressions termed "hollows" that are believed to be the result of collapsed magma chambers,
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Whenever the sky is dark enough for viewing through telescopes, Mercury is always already near the horizon, where viewing conditions are poor anyway due to atmospheric factors.
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exactly 3 sidereal Mercury days, and the same face of the planet was lit at each of the close approaches. As a result, less than 45% of the planet's surface was mapped.
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diameter. It is not clear whether they are of volcanic or impact origin. The intercrater plains are distributed roughly uniformly over the entire surface of the planet.
62:
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Strom, R.G. in âGeology of the Terrestrial Planets,â M.H. Carr, Ed., Special Paper 469, NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch:Washington D.C., 1984, p. 13.
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may be responsible for these high luminosity levels, as the silicate rocks that compose most of the surface of Mercury have exactly the opposite effect on luminosity.
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of the Caloris Basin lies a large region of unusual, hilly and furrowed terrain, sometimes called "Weird Terrain". The favoured hypothesis for the origin of this
471:
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Some impact craters on Mercury have non-circular, irregularly shaped depressions or pits on their floors. Such craters have been termed pit-floor craters, and
270:
Reaching Mercury from Earth poses significant technical challenges, because the planet orbits so much closer to the Sun than does the Earth. A Mercury-bound
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Pyroclastic Deposits on Mercury Detected With MASCS/Messenger Data: Identification Through Spectral Characterization and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)
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736:, among others. It was suggested that these pits with associated brighter and redder deposits may be pyroclastic deposits caused by explosive volcanism.
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imagery of the corresponding terrain. The impact which created the Caloris Basin was so powerful that its effects are seen on a global scale. It caused
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spacecraft, scheduled to go into orbit around Mercury in 2025, is expected to help answer many of the remaining questions about Mercuryâs geology.
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Overall about 15 impact basins have been identified on the imaged part of Mercury. Other notable basins include the 400 km wide, multi-ring,
199:) spacecraft which between 2008 and 2015 collected over 291,000 images covering the entire planet, along with a wealth of other scientific data.
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Dzurisin, D. (1978). "The tectonic and volcanic history of mercury as inferred from studies of scarps, ridges, troughs, and other lineaments".
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138:. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial
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be deep enough to shield the ice from direct sunlight. Inside the craters, where there is no solar light, temperatures fall to â171 °C.
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There may be scientific support, based on studies reported in March 2020, for considering that parts of the planet Mercury may have been
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R.J. Wagner; et al. (2001). "Application of an Updated Impact Cratering Chronology Model to Mercury's Time-Stratigraphic System".
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had been postulated from low resolution Earth-based observations of the non-Mariner-imaged hemisphere, but has not been observed in
597:â the extent of their ejecta blankets is much smaller, which is a consequence of the 2.5 times stronger surface gravity on Mercury.
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Mercury is not unique in having craters that stand in permanent shadow; at the south pole of Earth's Moon there is a large crater (
1973:
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processes at work on Mercury. Pit craters are rimless, often irregularly shaped, and steep-sided, and they display no associated
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from breaking through to the surface. This probably occurred at some point during its first 700 or 800 million years of history.
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which has an ejecta blanket extending up to 500 km from its rim, and its floor has been filled by smooth plains materials.
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1200:
679:. These are made by ejected debris, which tend to be brighter while they remain relatively fresh because of a lesser amount of
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Radar maps of the surface of the planet were made using the Arecibo radiotelescope. The survey was conducted with 420 kW
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3576:
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2014:
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Kreslavsky, Mikhail A.; Zharkova, Anastasia Yu; Head, James W.; Gritsevich, Maria I. (November 2021). "Boulders on Mercury".
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1963:("The Universe, Encyclopedia of Astronomy and the Space"), Editorial Planeta-De Agostini, p. 141â145. Volume 5. (1997)
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195:. This dearth of information was greatly alleviated by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (
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is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the solid parts of planets and moons. The term incorporates aspects of
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1854:"The Chaotic Terrains of Mercury Reveal a History of Planetary Volatile Retention and Loss in the Innermost Solar System"
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Earth-based observations are made difficult by Mercury's constant proximity to the Sun. This has several consequences:
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Schultz, Peter H.; Gault, Donald E. (1975). "Seismic effects from major basin formations on the moon and mercury".
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Faculae on Mercury are bright areas often surrounding irregular depressions. They are generally interpreted to be
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layers surrounding the core producing a dynamo effect similar to that of Earth. Additionally, the offset magnetic
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2007:
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Mercury is not definitive. The anomalous reflective properties could also be due to the existence of deposits of
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4.6 billion years ago, heavy bombardment by asteroids and comets ensued. The last intense bombardment phase, the
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Furthermore, the space environment near Mercury is demanding, posing the double dangers to spacecraft of intense
200:
445:, were filled by magma eruptions from within the planet. These created smooth intercrater plains similar to the
66:
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1792:. By A. Galiano, F. Capaccioni, G. Filacchione, C. Carli. 53rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2022).
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At the South Pole, the location of a large zone of high reflectivity coincides with the location of the
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Mercury â Gravity Anomalies â mass concentrations (red) suggest subsurface structure and evolution.
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1299:"The MESSENGER Gamma-Ray Spectrometer: A window into the formation and early evolution of Mercury"
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1096: â Composition and properties of the atmosphere of the innermost planet of the Solar System
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raised by the Sunâthe Sun's tides on Mercury are about 17% stronger than the Moon's on Earth.
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Thomas, Rebecca J.; Rothery, David A.; Conway, Susan J.; Anand, Mahesh (16 September 2014).
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in nature. The faculae on Mercury are all named using words in different languages meaning
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https://messenger.jhuapl.edu/Explore/images/impressions/messenger-byTheNumbers-lg.jpg
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Kreslavsky, Mikhail A.; Zharkova, Anastasia; Gritsevich, Maria (1 September 2020).
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632:, with a diameter of 1,550 km. A basin of comparable size, tentatively named
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team members have suggested that such pits formed by the collapse of subsurface
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that passes near Mercury is large compared to other planetary missions. The
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that they are more recent. Mercury's surface is also flexed by significant
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Several areas on Mercury are extremely dark, such as a small crater within
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eruptions and left a concentric ring over 2 km tall surrounding the
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and transporting them for deposit in the north. Scientists are gathering
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also has a similar-sized ejecta blanket and a 625 km diameter rim.
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ended when the planet's mantle had contracted enough to prevent further
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Craters on Mercury range in diameter from small bowl-shaped craters to
547:
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Since then, the main surface processes have been intermittent impacts.
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1913:. PublicaciĂłn de la University of Texas at Austin McDonald Observatory
1693:
Workshop on Mercury: Space Environment, Surface, and Interior, Chicago
1473:
Workshop on Mercury: Space Environment, Surface, and Interior, Chicago
222:, and locally by pyroclastic deposits. Other notable features include
3971:
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1956:), by Edward J. Tarbuck y Frederick K. Lutgens. Prentice Hall (1999).
911:
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launched from Earth must travel 91 million kilometers into the Sun's
236:
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the Solar System completely. As a result, only three space probes,
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Boulders that have been found on Mercury as associated with fresh
482:
Mercury's surface is overall similar in appearance to that of the
381:
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258:
113:
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but are typically distinctive in color. For example, the pits of
1151:
https://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/books/geologyTerraPlanets/
930:
The first radar observations of Mercury were carried out by the
672:
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543:
483:
455:
395:
391:
3903:
2003:
1980:
173:
Historically, Mercury has been the least understood of all the
1663:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. Archived from
1637:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. Archived from
1385:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. Archived from
1356:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. Archived from
1330:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. Archived from
1301:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. Archived from
1275:. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. Archived from
982:
469:
182:
26:
1161:
MESSENGER website. Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.
754:
There are two geologically distinct plains units on Mercury:
1950:
Ciencias de la Tierra. Una IntroducciĂłn a la GeologĂa FĂsica
437:
came to an end about 3.8 billion years ago. Some regions or
214:, basaltic rock and smooth plains, many of them a result of
832:
Non-crater surface features are given the following names:
1999:
1471:
P. D. Spudis (2001). "The Geological History of Mercury".
699:. If this suggestion is correct, the pits are evidence of
530:
lowest (purple) to 10 km (6.2 mi) highest (red).
429:
After the formation of Mercury along with the rest of the
301:
liberated by moving down the Sun's potential well becomes
1409:"Topic: 1.2.c Mercury missions | CosmoLearning Astronomy"
1129:(2nd ed.). New York: Chapman & Hall. p. 1.
1377:
1375:
350:
Historically, a second obstacle has been that Mercury's
1961:
El Universo, Enciclopedia de la AstronomĂa y el Espacio
1852:
Roddriquez, J. Alexis P.; et al. (16 March 2020).
243:, knocking more surface particles up into the southern
926:
High-albedo polar patches and possible presence of ice
1938:, which was accessed in the version of 26 June 2005.
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2192:
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2057:
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1954:
Earth Sciences, an Introduction to Physical Geology
839:
features â areas of markedly different reflectivity
557:that are hundreds of meters in diameter or larger.
1354:"Mercury: The Key to Terrestrial Planet Evolution"
1055:Water ice (yellow) at Mercury's north polar region
1328:"Evidence of Volcanism on Mercury: It's the Pits"
675:, fresh craters on Mercury show prominent bright
1578:"Bizarre spider scar found on Mercury's surface"
1496:"Rarity of Boulders on Mercury: Possible Causes"
950:, United States), with assistance from the U.S.
441:, a prominent one being the one that formed the
54:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
239:may result in uneven surface weathering by the
181:. This stems largely from its proximity to the
1686:
1684:
1682:
1201:"MESSENGER Team Presents New Mercury Findings"
3915:
2015:
579:is one of the largest impact features in the
398:, Mercury's geologic history is divided into
8:
1716:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
620:The so-called "Weird Terrain" formed by the
519:Map of Mercury's northern hemisphere by the
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1322:
1320:
1233:"Long-lived explosive volcanism on Mercury"
402:. From oldest to youngest, these are: the
293:) the spacecraft must make to enter into a
3922:
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3715:
2054:
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2008:
2000:
1014:or other materials with high reflectance.
1889:
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1635:"Overlaying Color onto Praxiteles Crater"
1544:
1515:
1256:
628:The largest known crater is the enormous
85:Learn how and when to remove this message
1959:"Hielo en Mercurio" ("Ice on Mercury").
1755:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
1751:"Mercury's tides and interior structure"
1040:
791:
504:
334:
130:is the scientific study of the surface,
1944:Original references for Spanish article
1383:"Mercury's Oddly Offset Magnetic Field"
1226:
1224:
1222:
1115:
961:. The transmissions sent from the NASA
1105:List of geological features on Mercury
607:spectrum scan of Mercury's surface by
1917:Our Solar System, A Geologic Snapshot
1028:possible signs of the presence of ice
498:and made locally by accumulations of
7:
4046:Geology of solar terrestrial planets
1805:. National Space Science Data Center
973:Radar image of Mercury's north pole.
952:National Radio Astronomy Observatory
683:than the surrounding older terrain.
1911:Stardate, Guide to the Solar System
1749:Van Hoolst, T.; Jacobs, C. (2003).
1661:"A Newly Pictured Pit-Floor Crater"
1500:European Planetary Science Congress
1175:"Solar System Exploration: Mercury"
1930:This article draws heavily on the
1084:, may have existed on the planet.
1062:
490:-like plains and heavily cratered
251:to determine if such is the case.
218:, similar in some respects to the
210:Mercury's surface is dominated by
25:
1273:"Orbital Observations of Mercury"
4059:
4058:
3882:
3871:
3870:
1936:Spanish-language Knowledge (XXG)
1580:. NewScientist.com news service.
1576:Shiga, David (30 January 2008).
1049:
513:
305:; requiring another large delta-
31:
1824:Hall, Shannon (24 March 2020).
285:of 30 km/s, the change in
1:
2414:Skinakas (hypothetical basin)
624:impact at its antipodal point
474:Time unit: millions of years
339:Internal structure of Mercury
332:have visited Mercury so far.
134:, and interior of the planet
3703:Hypothetical moon of Mercury
1563:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114628
1237:Geophysical Research Letters
1063:Mercury's biological history
867:List of mountains on Mercury
281:. Starting from the Earth's
422:. Their ages are based on
255:Difficulties in exploration
4101:
3751:Mercury-crossing asteroids
1989:Mercury on Nineplanets.org
1919:. NASA (NP-157). May 1992.
1881:10.1038/s41598-020-59885-5
1100:List of craters on Mercury
1080:, albeit likely primitive
918:List of valleys on Mercury
564:
122:crater in the lower right.
4054:
4041:
3865:
2037:
1926:. NASA (LG-1997-12478-HQ)
901:List of scarps on Mercury
884:List of plains on Mercury
853:List of ridges on Mercury
744:Interior of Abedin crater
561:Impact basins and craters
201:The European Space Agency
1123:Greeley, Ronald (1993).
542:Mercury compared to the
40:This article includes a
3832:Colonization of Mercury
1996:Retrieved 5 August 2007
1994:USGS Geology of Mercury
1736:10.1029/JB083iB10p04883
347:and high temperatures.
69:more precise citations.
1203:. NASA. Archived from
1177:. NASA. Archived from
1018:Possible origin of ice
974:
800:
746:
625:
613:
583:
435:Late Heavy Bombardment
387:
371:Hubble Space Telescope
340:
295:Hohmann transfer orbit
267:
123:
111:
108:Peak ring impact basin
3177:Kuan Han-Chʻing
1932:corresponding article
1094:Atmosphere of Mercury
972:
795:
742:
619:
603:
574:
385:
338:
262:
117:
102:
3227:Li Chʻing-Chao
1776:10.1029/2003JE002126
1517:10.5194/epsc2020-958
1434:"Mercury Fact Sheet"
1258:10.1002/2014GL061224
1126:Planetary landscapes
500:pyroclastic deposits
4018:Geology of the Moon
3683:Inter-crater plains
1872:2020NatSR..10.4737R
1767:2003JGRE..108.5121V
1728:1978JGR....83.4883D
1701:2001mses.conf..106W
1605:1975Moon...12..159S
1555:2021Icar..36914628K
1508:2020EPSC...14..958K
1481:2001mses.conf..100S
1438:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
1389:on 12 December 2012
1360:on 4 September 2014
1305:on 12 December 2012
1249:2014GeoRL..41.6084T
1076:, and perhaps that
1001:Chao Meng-Fu crater
175:terrestrial planets
106:is an example of a
4085:Geology of Mercury
3977:Geology of Neptune
3962:Geology of Jupiter
3947:Geology of Mercury
1859:Scientific Reports
1831:The New York Times
1722:(B10): 4883â4906.
1613:10.1007/BF00577875
1207:on 16 October 2011
975:
963:Deep Space Network
957:(VLA) facility in
801:
760:Intercrater plains
747:
626:
614:
584:
567:Craters on Mercury
388:
378:Geological history
352:period of rotation
341:
268:
128:geology of Mercury
124:
112:
42:list of references
4072:
4071:
4033:Geology of Charon
4028:Geology of Triton
3972:Geology of Uranus
3967:Geology of Saturn
3931:Planetary Geology
3897:
3896:
3840:
3839:
3759:
3758:
3691:
3690:
2737:ChĆng ChʼĆl
2732:Chiang Kʻui
2371:Santa MarĂa Rupes
2240:Mearcair Planitia
2225:Borealis Planitia
2220:ApÄrangi Planitia
1243:(17): 6084â6092.
1060:
1059:
788:Tectonic features
775:The floor of the
687:Pit-floor craters
535:
534:
486:, with extensive
144:planetary science
95:
94:
87:
16:(Redirected from
4092:
4062:
4061:
4000:Geology of Pluto
3995:Geology of Ceres
3952:Geology of Venus
3924:
3917:
3910:
3901:
3886:
3874:
3873:
3770:
3716:
3237:Liang Kʻai
2442:Africanus Horton
2366:Resolution Rupes
2356:Enterprise Rupes
2336:Antoniadi Dorsum
2303:Goldstone Vallis
2298:Goldstone Catena
2270:Utaridi Planitia
2255:Stilbon Planitia
2235:Caloris Planitia
2055:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1803:"Ice on Mercury"
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1688:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1502:: EPSC2020â958.
1491:
1485:
1484:
1468:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1334:on 28 April 2014
1324:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1228:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1053:
1041:
955:Very Large Array
681:space weathering
546:has a rarity of
517:
505:
478:Surface features
390:Like the Earth,
299:potential energy
90:
83:
79:
76:
70:
65:this article by
56:inline citations
35:
34:
27:
21:
18:Pit-floor crater
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4050:
4037:
4004:
3981:
3957:Geology of Mars
3933:
3928:
3898:
3893:
3861:
3836:
3820:
3803:
3774:
3755:
3737:
3707:
3687:
3661:
3582:Sholem Aleichem
2418:
2409:Rembrandt Basin
2404:Raditladi Basin
2399:Pantheon Fossae
2386:
2380:
2351:Discovery Rupes
2341:Adventure Rupes
2328:
2322:
2313:Haystack Vallis
2308:Haystack Catena
2280:
2274:
2260:Suisei Planitia
2250:Sobkou Planitia
2212:
2206:
2194:
2188:
2100:
2084:
2065:Albedo features
2046:
2033:
2028:
1970:
1946:
1907:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1690:
1689:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1667:on 26 June 2015
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1641:on 26 June 2015
1633:
1632:
1628:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1470:
1469:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1279:on 26 June 2015
1271:
1270:
1266:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1181:on 21 July 2011
1173:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1090:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1020:
932:radiotelescopes
928:
830:
814:
797:Discovery Rupes
790:
752:
745:
689:
666:Beethoven Basin
569:
563:
540:
531:
529:
496:lunar highlands
494:similar to the
480:
472:
470:
467:
424:relative dating
380:
345:solar radiation
257:
216:flood volcanism
91:
80:
74:
71:
60:
46:related reading
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4098:
4096:
4088:
4087:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3800:(2018âpresent)
3795:
3787:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2977:Guido d'Arezzo
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2376:Victoria Rupes
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:Arecibo Vallis
2290:
2288:Arecibo Catena
2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2202:Caloris Montes
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2080:Magnetic field
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1969:
1968:External links
1966:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1866:(4737): 4737.
1844:
1816:
1794:
1782:
1741:
1706:
1678:
1652:
1626:
1599:(2): 159â177.
1583:
1568:
1523:
1486:
1450:
1425:
1400:
1371:
1345:
1316:
1290:
1264:
1218:
1192:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1135:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1086:
1082:microorganisms
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1019:
1016:
927:
924:
923:
922:
905:
888:
871:
857:
840:
829:
826:
813:
810:
789:
786:
773:
772:
765:
751:
748:
743:
697:magma chambers
688:
685:
654:geomorphologic
634:Skinakas Basin
565:Main article:
562:
559:
555:impact craters
539:
536:
533:
532:
523:instrument on
518:
510:
509:
479:
476:
468:
466:
463:
379:
376:
375:
374:
367:
303:kinetic energy
279:potential well
256:
253:
212:impact craters
93:
92:
50:external links
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4097:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4065:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Geology of Io
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3987:Dwarf Planets
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
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3940:
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3913:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
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3784:
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3779:
3777:
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3762:
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3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3678:Ghost craters
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
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3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
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3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
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3568:
3565:
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3558:
3555:
3553:
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3548:
3545:
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3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
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3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
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3428:
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3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
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3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
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3313:
3310:
3308:
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3300:
3298:
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3258:
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3133:
3132:Judah Ha-Levi
3130:
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3125:
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3120:
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3110:
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3008:
3005:
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2998:
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2800:
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2600:
2598:
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2548:
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2533:
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2505:
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2500:
2498:
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2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Caloris Basin
2392:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
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2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2318:Simeiz Vallis
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
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2289:
2286:
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2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2245:Odin Planitia
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Budh Planitia
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:Mountains and
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
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2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
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2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
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2081:
2078:
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2073:
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2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1761:(E11): 5121.
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1695:(1097): 106.
1694:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1475:(1097): 100.
1474:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1413:CosmoLearning
1410:
1404:
1401:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1136:0-412-05181-8
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:rotation axis
1033:
1029:
1026:) where some
1025:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
986:
984:
980:
971:
967:
964:
960:
956:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
925:
920:
919:
913:
909:
906:
903:
902:
896:
892:
889:
886:
885:
879:
875:
872:
869:
868:
862:
858:
855:
854:
848:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
833:
827:
825:
823:
819:
811:
809:
807:
798:
794:
787:
785:
783:
778:
777:Caloris Basin
769:
768:Smooth plains
766:
762:
761:
757:
756:
755:
749:
741:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
662:Tolstoj Basin
658:
655:
651:
647:
646:impact crater
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:Caloris Basin
623:
622:Caloris Basin
618:
612:
611:
606:
602:
598:
596:
595:Lunar craters
592:
591:impact basins
589:
582:
578:
577:Caloris Basin
573:
568:
560:
558:
556:
551:
549:
545:
537:
528:
527:
522:
516:
512:
511:
507:
506:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
475:
464:
462:
459:
457:
453:
448:
444:
443:Caloris Basin
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:pre-Tolstojan
401:
397:
393:
384:
377:
372:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:is a slow 58
353:
348:
346:
337:
333:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
318:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:orbital speed
280:
277:
276:gravitational
273:
265:
261:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
121:
116:
109:
105:
101:
97:
89:
86:
78:
75:November 2021
68:
64:
58:
57:
51:
47:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
3946:
3881:
3869:
3789:
3781:
3672:
3602:SveinsdĂłttir
3507:Rachmaninoff
3332:Michelangelo
3327:Mendes Pinto
3262:Ma Chih-Yuan
2917:Gainsborough
2722:Chao Meng-Fu
2667:Brunelleschi
2497:Amru Al-Qays
2477:Al-Hamadhani
2346:Beagle Rupes
2265:Tir Planitia
2159:Michelangelo
1981:
1974:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1922:FotografĂa:
1916:
1910:
1863:
1857:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1829:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1797:
1785:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1692:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:the original
1629:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1571:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1499:
1489:
1472:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:the original
1362:. Retrieved
1358:the original
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1332:the original
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:the original
1267:
1240:
1236:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:the original
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1169:
1157:
1145:
1125:
1118:
1071:
1068:Habitability
1021:
1005:
998:
991:
987:
976:
929:
915:
898:
881:
864:
850:
831:
821:
815:
806:tidal bulges
802:
774:
767:
758:
753:
692:
690:
670:
659:
637:
627:
608:
588:multi-ringed
585:
581:Solar System
552:
541:
524:
481:
473:
460:
431:Solar System
428:
389:
361:
349:
342:
327:
321:
315:
306:
269:
263:
233:
209:
179:Solar System
172:
156:geochemistry
147:
127:
125:
96:
81:
72:
61:Please help
53:
3798:BepiColombo
3794:(2004â2015)
3786:(1973â1975)
3765:Exploration
3632:Villa-Lobos
3612:To Ngoc Van
3577:Shakespeare
3512:Raden Saleh
3397:Mussorgskij
3077:Hovnatanian
2837:Dostoevskij
2717:Chaikovskij
2682:Callicrates
2562:Baranauskas
2532:Aristoxenes
2527:Apollodorus
2279:Canyons and
2169:Shakespeare
2106:Quadrangles
2096:Quadrangles
1809:16 February
1671:16 February
1645:16 February
1393:18 February
1364:18 February
1338:16 February
1309:18 February
1283:16 February
1211:16 February
1185:17 February
994:sublimation
940:Puerto Rico
828:Terminology
818:pyroclastic
782:impact melt
677:ray systems
508:Topography
329:BepiColombo
220:lunar maria
205:BepiColumbo
203:âs (ESAâs)
168:cartography
146:, the term
110:on Mercury.
67:introducing
3783:Mariner 10
3592:Stravinsky
3492:Praxiteles
3487:Polygnotus
3367:Monteverdi
3337:Mickiewicz
3292:Mark Twain
2872:Enheduanna
2772:Cunningham
2642:Botticelli
2557:Balanchine
2517:Anguissola
2447:Ahmad Baba
2385:Basins and
2361:Hero Rupes
2327:Ridges and
2211:Plains and
2070:Atmosphere
1975:Mariner 10
1546:2108.01528
1539:: 114628.
1111:References
1078:life forms
959:New Mexico
948:California
713:Praxiteles
709:lava flows
671:As on the
575:Mercury's
317:Mariner 10
272:spacecraft
264:Mariner 10
241:solar wind
193:topography
188:Mariner 10
160:mineralogy
152:geophysics
104:Caravaggio
3857:Sub-Earth
3815:Mercury-P
3791:MESSENGER
3743:Asteroids
3712:Astronomy
3647:Xiao Zhao
3622:VelĂĄzquez
3567:Scarlatti
3532:Rembrandt
3517:Raditladi
3502:Qi Baishi
3497:Prokofiev
3247:Lovecraft
3217:Lermontov
3117:Izquierdo
3032:Hiroshige
3022:Hemingway
3007:Hawthorne
3002:Hauptmann
2912:Futabatei
2812:Derzhavin
2802:Delacroix
2752:Coleridge
2707:Cervantes
2632:Boccaccio
2602:Belinskij
2592:Beethoven
2537:AĆvaghoáčŁa
2467:Al-Akhtal
2462:Akutagawa
2437:Abu Nuwas
2195:volcanoes
2174:Raditladi
2139:Discovery
2119:Beethoven
2051:Geography
1982:MESSENGER
1621:121225801
1074:habitable
944:Goldstone
874:Planitiae
861:mountains
859:Montes â
726:Lermontov
693:MESSENGER
648:. At the
638:MESSENGER
610:MESSENGER
526:MESSENGER
452:volcanism
420:Kuiperian
416:Mansurian
408:Tolstojan
323:MESSENGER
249:telemetry
245:exosphere
197:MESSENGER
120:Hemingway
4079:Category
4064:Category
3876:Category
3825:See also
3808:Proposed
3775:and past
3720:Transits
3597:Sullivan
3572:Schubert
3467:Petrarch
3392:Murasaki
3387:MunkĂĄcsy
3317:Melville
3257:Lysippus
3212:Leopardi
3207:Larrocha
3197:Kurosawa
3192:Kunisada
3137:Kalidasa
3042:Hodgkins
3037:Hitomaro
2997:Harunobu
2932:Ghiberti
2902:Flaubert
2897:Firdousi
2887:Faulkner
2867:Eminescu
2827:Dominici
2787:De Graft
2767:Couperin
2692:Carducci
2652:Bramante
2637:Boethius
2627:Bjornson
2552:Balagtas
2482:Al-JÄhiz
2213:plateaus
2184:Victoria
2144:Eminescu
2124:Borealis
2075:Features
1900:32179758
1837:26 March
1593:The Moon
1088:See also
1044:Mercury
1012:sulfates
1009:metallic
992:Despite
979:UHF band
701:volcanic
650:antipode
548:boulders
538:Boulders
492:terrains
465:Timeline
412:Calorian
287:velocity
3939:Planets
3852:Fiction
3845:Related
3817:(~2031)
3773:Current
3673:Geology
3637:Vivaldi
3617:Tolstoj
3527:Raphael
3477:Picasso
3472:Phidias
3457:Oskison
3442:Neumann
3432:Nureyev
3412:Nampeyo
3407:Nabokov
3357:MoliĂšre
3347:Mistral
3312:Matisse
3307:Matabei
3302:Martial
3277:Mansart
3267:Machaut
3252:Lu Hsun
3222:Lessing
3187:Kulthum
3167:Kipling
3157:Kertész
3122:JanĂĄÄek
3107:Imhotep
3102:Ictinus
3087:Hun Kal
3057:Holberg
3052:Holbein
3047:Hokusai
2987:Han Kan
2922:Gauguin
2907:Flaiano
2882:Equiano
2877:Enwonwu
2857:Eastman
2842:Dowland
2822:Dickens
2817:Desprez
2792:Debussy
2757:Copland
2712:CĂ©zanne
2702:Calvino
2697:Carolan
2662:Bruegel
2622:Bernini
2587:Beckett
2512:Angelou
2507:Aneirin
2472:Alencar
2457:Aksakov
2424:Craters
2281:valleys
2179:Tolstoj
2149:Hokusai
2129:Debussy
2089:Regions
2058:General
2042:Outline
2031:Mercury
1934:in the
1924:Mercury
1891:7075900
1868:Bibcode
1763:Bibcode
1724:Bibcode
1697:Bibcode
1601:Bibcode
1551:Bibcode
1504:Bibcode
1477:Bibcode
1443:24 July
1418:24 July
1245:Bibcode
936:Arecibo
912:valleys
812:Faculae
730:Picasso
718:Beckett
439:massifs
291:delta-v
177:in the
164:geodesy
148:geology
140:geology
136:Mercury
63:improve
3888:Portal
3607:Titian
3562:Sander
3557:Rudaki
3542:Rivera
3537:Renoir
3522:Rameau
3447:Nizami
3427:Neruda
3422:Nawahi
3377:Mozart
3352:Mofolo
3342:Milton
3282:Mansur
3272:Mahler
3182:Kuiper
3162:Khansa
3092:Hurley
3072:Horace
3027:Hesiod
2992:Handel
2957:Goethe
2947:Glinka
2942:Giotto
2937:Gibran
2927:Geddes
2862:Eitoku
2852:Dvorak
2807:Derain
2762:Copley
2747:Chu Ta
2742:Chopin
2727:Chekov
2687:CamÔes
2657:Brontë
2647:Brahms
2617:Berkel
2612:Benoit
2572:BartĂłk
2567:Balzac
2492:Amaral
2432:Abedin
2387:fossae
2164:Neruda
2154:Kuiper
2134:Derain
1898:
1888:
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1533:Icarus
1133:
1032:comets
1024:Aitken
942:) and
908:Valles
895:scarps
878:plains
847:ridges
837:Albedo
750:Plains
732:, and
722:Gibran
705:ejecta
426:only.
418:, and
326:, and
312:escape
237:dipole
228:scarps
166:, and
4010:Moons
3728:Earth
3696:Moons
3666:Other
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3642:Vyasa
3627:Verdi
3587:Sinan
3552:Rodin
3547:Rizal
3437:Nervo
3417:Navoi
3402:Myron
3382:Munch
3372:Moody
3362:Monet
3297:MartĂ
3287:March
3242:Liszt
3232:Li Po
3202:Lange
3172:KĆshĆ
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3147:Keats
3142:Karsh
3127:Jokai
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2962:Gogol
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2832:Donne
2797:Degas
2782:Dario
2677:Byron
2672:Burns
2607:Bello
2582:BashĆ
2577:Barma
2542:Atget
2522:Anyte
2502:Andal
2487:Alver
2452:Ailey
2329:rupes
1984:probe
1617:S2CID
1541:arXiv
891:Rupes
843:Dorsa
822:snake
734:Navoi
605:MASCS
447:maria
356:Earth
266:probe
224:vents
142:. In
132:crust
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3733:Mars
3657:Zola
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3452:Okyo
3322:Mena
3112:Ives
3082:Hugo
2982:Hals
2967:Goya
2777:Dali
2547:Bach
2114:Bach
1896:PMID
1839:2020
1811:2012
1673:2012
1647:2012
1445:2023
1420:2023
1395:2012
1366:2012
1340:2012
1311:2012
1285:2012
1213:2012
1187:2012
1131:ISBN
916:see
899:see
882:see
865:see
851:see
673:Moon
642:lava
544:Moon
488:mare
484:Moon
456:lava
400:eras
396:Mars
394:and
392:Moon
369:The
126:The
3482:Poe
2892:Fet
2597:Bek
1886:PMC
1876:doi
1771:doi
1759:108
1732:doi
1609:doi
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