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gathering around open fires after a hunt, solidifying the braais' importance to tradition. Modernity has expanded grilling to the use of gas grills, but steel grill grates and campfires are often used. The use of a gas grill is frowned upon and the use of charcoal is accepted, but wood is seen as the best method to cook the meat.
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It is expected that people attending a braai bring snacks, drinks, and other meat to eat until the main meal has finished cooking on the grill. This potluck-like activity is known as "bring and braai". Cooking on the braai is a bonding experience for fathers and sons, while women prepare salads and
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are informal gatherings of people who convene around an open fire for any occasion and at any location with a grill. They are linked to the consistent warm weather of South Africa that leads to much communal, outdoor activity. The act of convening around a grill is reminiscent of past generations
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is a form of cooking that involves a dry heat applied to the food, either from above or below. Grilling is an effective technique in order to cook meat or vegetables quickly since it involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat. Outside of the US, this is the most common technique when
226:
roasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor. Spaniards called the framework a barbacoa.
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Smoking is the process of flavoring, cooking, and/or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, nuts, and ingredients used to make beverages such as
643:
The words "barbecue" and "grilling" are often used interchangeably, although some argue that barbecue is a type of grilling, and that grilling involves the use of a higher level of heat to sear the food, while barbecuing is a slower process over a low heat.
463:
usage, barbequeing refers to a fast cooking process done directly over high heat, while grilling refers to cooking under a source of direct, moderate-to-high heatâknown in the United States as broiling. Its South
American versions are the southern Brazilian
567:
Barbecuing encompasses multiple types of cooking techniques. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperaturesâusually around 116â138 °C (240â280 °F)âand significantly longer cooking times (several hours), known as smoking.
412:, which in Warnes's eyes, "present smoke cookery as a custom quintessential to an underlying savagery that everywhere contains within it a potential for cannibalistic violence". Today, people in the US associate barbecue with "classic Americana".
647:
In practice, the lines blur because it is hard to define what is low temperature and what is high temperature and because many champion barbecue cooks now cook meats such as beef brisket at higher temperatures than was traditional.
332:
were familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua
Hempstead wrote in his diary: "I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued."
89:
that these methods produce, and the meals or gatherings at which this style of food is cooked and served. The cooking methods associated with barbecuing vary significantly but most involve outdoor and indoor cooking.
404:. However, according to Andrew Warnes, there is very little proof that Hickeringill's tale of cannibalism in the Caribbean is even remotely true. Another notable false depiction of cannibalistic barbecues appears in
110:
of food over hot coals or a gas fire. This technique is usually done over direct, dry heat or a hot fire for a few minutes. Within these broader categorizations are further national and regional differences.
97:
can be broadly categorized into those methods which use direct and those which use indirect heating. Indirect barbecues are associated with North
American cuisine, in which meat is heated by roasting or
106:. These methods of barbecue involve cooking using smoke at low temperatures and long cooking times, for several hours. Elsewhere, barbecuing more commonly refers to the more direct application of heat,
459:. In a typical US home grill, food is cooked on a grate directly over hot charcoal, while in a US barbecue the coals are dispersed to the sides or at a significant distance from the grate. In
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Grilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire over 260 °C (500 °F) for a few minutes. Grilling and smoking are done with wood, charcoal, gas, electricity, or
260:
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The term itself has two spellings in
English: "barbecue" and "barbeque". While in most countries the spelling "barbecue" is used, the spelling "barbeque" is occasionally used in
587:. The time difference between smoking and grilling is because of the temperature difference; at low temperatures used for smoking, meat takes several hours to reach the desired
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involves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole
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of barbecue, particularly sauces. In recent years, the regional variations have blurred as restaurants and consumers experiment and adapt the styles of other regions.
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other side dishes in kitchens or other areas away from the grill. Examples of meat prepared for a braai are lamb, steaks, spare ribs, sausages, chicken, and fish.
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as a variant, whereas the Oxford
Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided. In the Southeastern
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refers to a fast process over high heat while barbecuing usually refers to a slow process using indirect heat or hot smoke, similar to some forms of
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195:("from beard to tail") signifying a whole animal being roasted on a spit, but this origin for the word is not supported by academic etymology.
85:
that employ live fire and smoke to cook the food. The term is also generally applied to the devices associated with those methods, the broader
1692:
McGee p. 767: "Malt whiskies from
Scotland's west coast have a unique, smoky flavor that comes from the use of peat fire for drying the malt."
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380:, the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked.
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is best known for tomato- and vinegar-based sauces. In some
Memphis establishments and in Kentucky, meat is rubbed with dry seasoning (
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came from native groups, Europeans gave it "savage connotations". This association with barbarians and "savages" is strengthened by
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in
Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various
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A British barbecue including chicken kebabs, marinated chicken wings, sweetcorn, and an assortment of vegetables
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Typical plate of chopped pork barbecue as served in a restaurant with barbecue beans, sauce, and Texas toast
310:: "Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat"; it also appears in 1672 in the writings of
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was used to refer to a wooden framework. Among the framework's uses was the suspension of meat over a flame
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sauces vary by region; eastern North
Carolina uses a vinegar-based sauce, the center of the state uses
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cooking classic barbecue foods, although some variants of grilling require direct, but moderate heat.
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179:(OED) traces the word to Hispaniola and translates it as a "framework of sticks set upon posts".
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Jamaica Viewed: with All the Ports, Harbours, and their
Several Soundings, Towns, and Settlements
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wood without sauce. The finished barbecue is then served with barbecue sauce on the side.
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is also used to designate a flavor added to food items, the most prominent of which are
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Spanish explorer Gonzalo Fernåndez De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word
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South Africa - Culture Smart! : the Essential Guide to Customs & Culture
1358:
1297:. Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English). 24 June 2013. Archived from
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846: â Type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada
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and vinegar as its base, and western North Carolina uses a heavier ketchup base.
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1386:"Gaucho grill: How to cook the Argentinian way | Reviews | Lifestyle"
1028:"Barbeque or Barbecue in Australia: You're probably right - Z Grills Australia"
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Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española
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Matloff, Judith (16 January 1997). "S. African Braai: It's a Guy Thing".
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Savage Barbecue: Race, Culture, and the Invention of America's First Food
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leaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours.
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676: â Distinct food types generally cooked using the specific method
295:: "the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish".
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following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669â1670.
154:
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1441:
Savides, Steven (12 June 2002). "The braai unites South Africans".
317:
The first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer
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is the only state that traditionally features all four recognized
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This article is about the cuisine. For the cooking appliance, see
1778:
Food and Nutrition/Editorial Advisers, Dayle Hayes, Rachel Laudan
1047:(1st ed.). Coral Gables, Fla.: House of Zagada. p. 27.
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1754:"Difference Between Barbecue, Grilling, and Smoking | HomeyCart"
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801: â Regional style of food preparation in the United States
762: â Regional style of food preparation in the United States
724: â Regional style of food preparation in the United States
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342:
745: â Variety of meat dishes originating in the Middle East
712: â Portuguese and Spanish name for beef or grilled meat
1848:
352:
While the standard modern English spelling of the word is
3229:
1078:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
780: â Cantonese roasted meat, Cantonese barbecued meat
302:, the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in
261:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
169:; it has entered some European languages in the form of
4826:
794:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
738:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
145:, which has its origin in an indigenous American word.
1840:
Barbecue: A History of the World's Oldest Culinary Art
819: â Type of barbecue made from a 55-gallon barrel.
1411:"A Year of Barbecue: Kentucky Mutton - Food Republic"
1196:. New London County Historical Society. p. 241.
1194:
Diary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut
827:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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337:'s 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions:
186:of the word says that the term is derived from the
1498:"Things You Must Know About South African Braai -"
807: â Korean-style grilled meat cuisine in Japan
135:and its cognates in other languages come from the
1703:"Grill vs barbecue â do you know the difference?"
916:Barbecue: the history of an American institution
341:"To Barbecue â a term for dressing a whole
4325:List of regional beverages of the United States
950:The Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual
563:Diagram of a propane smoker used for barbecuing
1729:"The difference between grilling and barbecue"
1465:"South Africa, One Nation United by the Grill"
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1081:. Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. p. 316.
8:
4320:List of regional dishes of the United States
1243:"southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways"
858: â Spices rubbed on food before cooking
190:
1628:"How to cook meat properly on the barbecue"
1321:"America searches for the perfect barbecue"
1112:A description of the province of New Albion
293:A description of the province of New Albion
5785:
4849:
4835:
4827:
4309:
4269:
4255:
4247:
3252:
3238:
3230:
2881:
2742:
2638:
2609:
2595:
2587:
1871:
1857:
1849:
718: â Regional style of food preparation
41:"BBQ" redirects here. For other uses, see
6340:Cuisine of the Southwestern United States
1594:
890:"A guide to different types of barbecue"
258:on the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative
875:
840: â Dish of grilled and sliced beef
438:Korean barbeque grill used for cooking
931:The First Americans: Prehistory - 1600
909:
907:
267:Linguists have suggested the word was
6300:Cuisine of the Southern United States
4697:American regional and fusion cuisines
1775:Hayes, Dayle; Laudan, Rachel (2009).
1458:
1456:
1436:
1434:
1432:
971:
969:
883:
881:
879:
786: â Cyprus skewered barbecue meat
348:"Barbecue â a hog dressed whole"
7:
6350:Cuisine of the Western United States
4646:New Mexican (Neomexicano and Pueblo)
4231:
3200:
2557:
1817:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.
1220:A dictionary of the English language
1109:Plantagenet, Beauchamp (1648). "4".
575:A public barbecue site at a park in
4712:Foods of the Southern United States
3216:
2569:
1727:Grinberg, Emanuella (6 July 2015).
1626:McElhiney, Jacqui (24 July 2015).
736: â Dish of slowly smoked meat
25:
4186:Lists of food and beverage topics
1275:. Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1041:Peters, Philip Dickenson (2003).
864: â Style of Japanese cuisine
774: â Chinese term for barbecue
218:in print in Spain in 1526 in the
6218:
6217:
6206:
4933:
4927:
4812:
4811:
4292:Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
4230:
4221:
4220:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3192:
3191:
3182:
3172:
2568:
2556:
2545:
2544:
2532:
1974:
1502:The Travels of BBQboy and Spanky
768: â Indonesian form of kebab
368:may also be found. The spelling
149:believe this to be derived from
3008:Indirect grilling/Plank cooking
2485:North Carolina Barbecue Society
1363:. University of Georgia Press.
1223:. Oxford University. p. 70
1136:The Discoveries of John Lederer
979:. Old.cbbqa.org. Archived from
834: â Barbecued meat delicacy
751: â Middle Eastern barbecue
693:Regional variations of barbecue
495:, each Southern locale has its
422:Regional variations of barbecue
95:regional variations of barbecue
2460:International Bar-B-Q Festival
1577:Nugent, Paul (December 2010).
1249:. 5 April 2002. Archived from
952:. McComb, MS: Abacus Pub. Co.
1:
5876:Countries by meat consumption
1463:Moskin, Julia (23 May 2016).
1384:Matthew Bell (18 July 2013).
1164:. Ripol Classic. p. 20.
493:barbecue in the United States
153:found in the language of the
6163:Non-vegetarian food in India
5881:Countries by meat production
4278:Cuisine of the United States
2465:Kansas City Barbeque Society
1161:A New Voyage Round the World
680:List of barbecue restaurants
632:Lamb grilling over hot coals
468:and the Uruguayan/Argentine
400:through its descriptions of
27:Cooking method and apparatus
5886:Food and drink prohibitions
4198:Outline of food preparation
2850:Bain-marie (Double boiling)
2475:Lexington Barbecue Festival
918:. University Alabama Press.
852: â Form of shish kebab
825: â device for grilling
579:, Finland, on 23 March 2014
6366:
4925:
4818:Category: American cuisine
4471:Kansas City-style barbecue
3136:List of cooking appliances
2628:List of cooking techniques
2575:WikiProject Food and drink
1596:10.1177/000203971004500305
1523:Isabella., Morris (2017).
1192:Hempstead, Joshua (1901).
734:Kansas City-style barbecue
621:
598:
419:
323:New Voyage Round the World
40:
29:
6201:
5928:Psychology of eating meat
5472:Black soldier fly maggots
4809:
4216:
3169:
2625:
2526:
1972:
1824:(US Dept. of Agriculture)
1560:Christian Science Monitor
1443:Christian Science Monitor
300:Oxford English Dictionary
176:Oxford English Dictionary
123:The original Arawak term
36:Barbecue (disambiguation)
6001:Beef hormone controversy
4707:American breakfast foods
3598:Eating utensil etiquette
2490:Roanoke-Chowan Pork-Fest
1295:"Definition of barbecue"
1217:Johnson, Samuel (1756).
1075:Equino, Olaudah (2012).
790:St. Louis-style barbecue
515:, with a combination of
513:Lexington-style barbecue
360:and truncations such as
54:Meat being barbecued at
3141:List of cooking vessels
2711:Grilling (charbroiling)
2470:Leskovac Grill Festival
2143:List of barbecue dishes
1814:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1357:Warnes, Andrew (2008).
948:Hale, C. Clark (2000).
935:Oxford University Press
792: â Spare ribs dish
760:North Carolina barbecue
730: â Stir-fried dish
674:List of barbecue dishes
356:, variations including
345:" (attestation to Pope)
328:As early as the 1730s,
6026:Water holding capacity
4692:American desserts
3486:Service à la française
2716:Roasting (traditional)
1781:. Marshall Cavendish.
1652:. SAVEUR. 17 June 2011
1133:Lederer, John (1672).
722:Memphis-style barbecue
633:
580:
564:
488:
480:
444:
431:
191:
128:
115:Etymology and spelling
59:
34:. For other uses, see
6011:Feed conversion ratio
5913:Ethics of eating meat
4717:Soul foods and dishes
3361:Apéritif and digestif
1833:27 April 2021 at the
892:. Great British Chefs
631:
574:
562:
486:
478:
437:
429:
254:) on his journeys to
122:
53:
6305:Culinary terminology
6064:Environmental impact
4801:American tea culture
4555:Pacific Northwestern
4032:Online food ordering
2427:Texas smoked brisket
2148:List of smoked foods
1828:The Internet BBQ FAQ
1822:Barbecue Food Safety
1253:on 11 September 2012
1030:. 25 September 2020.
685:List of smoked foods
589:internal temperature
330:New England Puritans
69:(often shortened to
43:BBQ (disambiguation)
6270:New Zealand cuisine
4702:American sandwiches
4297:Thanksgiving dinner
3645:Korean table d'hĂŽte
3456:Conveyor belt sushi
2506:Barbecue restaurant
1844:Library of Congress
977:"Oxford Dictionary"
929:Hakim, Joy (2005).
394:Edmund Hickeringill
304:Edmund Hickeringill
256:Cabo Gracias a Dios
6295:Cooking techniques
6290:Cooking appliances
6265:Australian cuisine
6260:Anguillian cuisine
6188:Warmed-over flavor
5956:Semi-vegetarianism
4651:Pennsylvania Dutch
4601:American Cambodian
4536:California cuisine
4037:Virtual restaurant
3860:Blue-plate special
3491:Service Ă la russe
3471:Full-course dinner
3013:Stir frying (chao)
2243:Galinha Ă africana
1941:Mongolian barbecue
1842:Web cast from the
1469:The New York Times
1301:on 6 November 2010
1158:Dampier, William.
728:Mongolian barbecue
634:
581:
565:
489:
481:
445:
432:
271:successively into
129:
60:
6285:Caribbean cuisine
6232:
6231:
5899:
5898:
4824:
4823:
4621:Filipino-American
4584:
4583:
4441:Barbecue in Texas
4244:
4243:
3809:Instant breakfast
3789:Emergency rations
3537:Food presentation
3506:Table reservation
3227:
3226:
3156:Food preservation
3080:Burying in ground
2973:Carryover cooking
2961:
2960:
2873:
2872:
2734:
2733:
2680:Roasting (modern)
2584:
2583:
2298:Meurav Yerushalmi
2173:Barbecue sandwich
1916:Indirect grilling
1756:. 31 January 2023
1536:978-1-78702-966-8
1331:(19â26). May 1984
1044:Caribbean Wow 2.0
914:Moss, RF (2020).
888:Bawdon, Michael.
614:are also smoked.
601:Smoking (cooking)
538:In South Africa,
388:Because the word
298:According to the
131:The English word
16:(Redirected from
6357:
6280:Canadian cuisine
6255:American cuisine
6221:
6220:
6211:
6210:
6183:Roadkill cuisine
5978:Meat alternative
5973:Plant-based diet
5891:Meat substitutes
5786:
4937:
4931:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4828:
4815:
4814:
4687:American cheeses
4636:Mexican-American
4631:Italian-American
4606:American Chinese
4596:African American
4496:Cincinnati chili
4310:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4248:
4234:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4193:Meal preparation
3865:Combination meal
3774:Convenience food
3423:Meal replacement
3285:Second breakfast
3254:
3247:
3240:
3231:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3203:
3202:
3195:
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3189:Drink portal
3187:
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3039:Pressure cooking
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2537:
2536:
2168:Barbecue chicken
2080:Disposable grill
1978:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1818:
1810:
1808:"Barbecue"
1793:
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1504:. 26 August 2019
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1007:World Wide Words
999:
993:
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990:
988:
983:on 21 April 2021
973:
964:
963:
945:
939:
938:
933:(3rd ed.).
926:
920:
919:
911:
902:
901:
899:
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885:
828:
795:
739:
521:Memphis barbecue
449:American English
230:Another form of
194:
21:
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6360:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6345:British cuisine
6330:Haitian cuisine
6325:Garden features
6235:
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6213:Food portal
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6119:Case-ready meat
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6069:Factory farming
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5022:Lamb and mutton
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4855:
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4682:American breads
4665:
4641:Native American
4611:American Jewish
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3619:Regional styles
3614:
3576:
3532:Eating utensils
3510:
3432:
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3344:
3263:
3258:
3228:
3223:
3183:
3181:
3179:Food portal
3171:
3165:
3146:Outdoor cooking
3124:
3058:
3054:Thermal cooking
3044:Pressure frying
3017:
2957:
2936:
2869:
2860:Double steaming
2838:
2782:
2730:
2694:
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2654:Hot salt frying
2630:
2621:
2615:
2585:
2580:
2539:Food portal
2531:
2522:
2494:
2448:& festivals
2447:
2441:
2223:Corn on the cob
2135:
2129:
2075:Chimney starter
2060:Barrel barbecue
2047:
2041:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1926:Korean barbecue
1888:
1882:
1877:
1835:Wayback Machine
1805:
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1633:
1631:
1630:. BBC Good Food
1625:
1624:
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1583:Africa Spectrum
1576:
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1417:. 13 March 2012
1409:
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1390:The Independent
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826:
817:Barrel barbecue
812:
793:
737:
716:Korean barbecue
670:
654:
626:
620:
603:
597:
557:
505:barbecue sauces
487:A barbecued pig
424:
418:
386:
374:Merriam-Webster
319:William Dampier
248:Olaudah Equiano
212:
117:
83:cooking methods
46:
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6224:Category: Meat
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4129:Coffee culture
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2020:South Carolina
2017:
2015:North Carolina
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1800:External links
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1671:Colby, Chris.
1663:
1650:"Barbecue 101"
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799:Texas Barbecue
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509:North Carolina
501:South Carolina
420:Main article:
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406:Theodor de Bry
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335:Samuel Johnson
308:Jamaica Viewed
287:. In the form
252:Miskito people
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206:, and the US.
184:folk etymology
157:people of the
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32:Barbecue grill
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4728:Miscellaneous
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4360:Pennsylvania
4359:
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4354:New York City
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4154:Culinary arts
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4046:Places to eat
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Food delivery
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4019:food delivery
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3990:
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3942:State banquet
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3708:Pu pu platter
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3650:Bandeja paisa
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3593:Table manners
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3562:Table setting
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3438:Table service
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3366:Hors d'oeuvre
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2954:
2951:
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2948:Gentle frying
2946:
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2845:
2843:Indirect heat
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2125:
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2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
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2086:
2085:Flattop grill
2083:
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2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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1998:
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1995:United States
1993:
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1788:9780761478201
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1734:
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1723:
1720:
1708:
1704:
1698:
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1689:
1686:
1674:
1673:"Smoked Beer"
1667:
1664:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
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1589:(3): 87â113.
1588:
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1415:Food Republic
1412:
1406:
1403:
1391:
1387:
1380:
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1372:
1370:9780820328966
1366:
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1054:9781929970049
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436:
428:
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415:
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410:Great Voyages
407:
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399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
378:United States
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
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209:
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205:
201:
196:
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192:barbe Ă queue
189:
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172:
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160:
156:
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138:
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109:
105:
102:over wood or
101:
96:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
56:The Salt Lick
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
6153:Mystery meat
6109:Arachnophagy
6049:Branch house
6016:Preservation
5993:Meat science
5944:Alternatives
5933:Meat paradox
5855:Smoked foods
5551:
5494:Grasshoppers
5439:Sea cucumber
5434:Shrimp/prawn
4791:Italian soda
4734:
4543:Southwestern
4476:North Dakota
4369:Philadelphia
4341:Mid-Atlantic
4098:Soup kitchen
4088:Picnic table
3989:Soup kitchen
3948:
3905:Tasting menu
3900:Table d'hĂŽte
3824:Packed lunch
3799:Field ration
3764:Airline meal
3557:Serving size
3552:PiÚce montée
3515:Presentation
3501:Small plates
3372:Amuse-bouche
3370:
3295:Coffee break
3268:Common meals
3022:Device-based
2977:
2966:Mixed medium
2819:Slow cooking
2689:
2649:Dry roasting
2573:
2561:
2549:
2530:
2518:Churrascaria
2417:Suckling pig
2110:Pit barbecue
1879:
1812:
1777:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:
1697:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1621:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1529:. Kuperard.
1525:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1468:
1446:
1442:
1419:. Retrieved
1414:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:
1379:
1359:
1333:. Retrieved
1328:
1324:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:the original
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1219:
1212:
1193:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1160:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1139:. p. 28
1135:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1111:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1077:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1043:
1036:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
997:
985:. Retrieved
981:the original
949:
943:
930:
924:
915:
894:. Retrieved
662:potato chips
657:
655:
646:
642:
635:
604:
582:
566:
545:
537:
490:
446:
439:
409:
397:
389:
387:
384:Associations
372:is given in
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
351:
327:
322:
316:
312:John Lederer
307:
299:
297:
292:
288:
266:
259:
231:
229:
219:
215:
213:
197:
181:
174:
170:
150:
147:Etymologists
140:
132:
130:
124:
93:The various
92:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:
47:
6136:Entomophagy
6124:Meat diaper
6114:Cannibalism
5790:Meat dishes
5572:Charcuterie
5535:preparation
5519:Mopane worm
5509:Mezcal worm
4576:Puerto Rico
4569:Territories
4548:New Mexican
4424:New Orleans
4378:New England
4208:Tea culture
4103:Street food
4063:Dining room
3909:Degustation
3890:School meal
3875:Free refill
3804:Frozen meal
3728:SmörgÄsbord
3703:Plate lunch
3527:Dining room
3466:Finger food
3451:smörgÄsbord
3393:Main course
3221:WikiProject
3161:Food safety
3049:Slow cooker
3034:Microwaving
2927:Stir frying
2912:Deep frying
2706:Charbroiler
2455:Big Pig Jig
2402:Shish taouk
2397:Shish kebab
2338:Pulled pork
2318:Pig pickin'
2288:Kofte kebab
2258:Jujeh kabab
2203:Cha siu bao
2158:Arrosticini
2070:Charbroiler
2048:and related
2025:Santa Maria
2005:Kansas City
1956:Shisa nyama
1936:Mixed grill
1707:Global News
1395:12 December
1335:12 December
1279:6 September
1257:6 September
1227:12 December
1177:12 December
1143:12 December
1094:12 December
1060:12 December
987:12 December
838:Carne asada
612:smoked beer
497:own variety
402:cannibalism
204:New Zealand
73:worldwide;
6320:Fireplaces
6315:Earth oven
6239:Categories
6193:White meat
6168:Pink slime
6146:Artificial
6021:Tenderness
5906:psychology
5904:Ethics and
5738:Salt-cured
5444:Sea urchin
5012:Guinea pig
4531:California
4431:Lowcountry
4410:Louisiana
4401:Floribbean
4396:Appalachia
4346:New Jersey
4285:Historical
4093:Restaurant
4068:Food truck
3999:Tableround
3954:Commercium
3919:Value menu
3914:Value meal
3885:Kids' meal
3880:Happy hour
3870:Free lunch
3855:Ă la carte
3848:meal deals
3829:Space food
3819:Ninja diet
3718:Rijsttafel
3655:DastarkhÄn
3588:Dress code
3567:Tablecloth
3547:Nyotaimori
3349:Components
3095:Fermenting
3029:Air frying
2978:Barbecuing
2917:Pan frying
2897:Blackening
2824:Smothering
2768:Parboiling
2721:Rotisserie
2668:Convection
2642:Conduction
2620:techniques
2375:Spare ribs
2363:Short ribs
2263:Kabab barg
2233:Fatånyéros
2198:Burnt ends
2193:Bull roast
2153:Anticuchos
2124:Smoke ring
1987:variations
1760:2 February
1678:19 October
1545:1001989214
1273:"Barbeque"
1247:storySouth
1171:1148385150
1003:"Barbecue"
959:0936171022
870:References
862:Teppanyaki
832:Burnt ends
652:Other uses
555:Techniques
549:Mielie pap
277:Portuguese
182:A popular
165:people of
58:restaurant
6084:Slaughter
6006:Drip loss
5728:Rillettes
5688:Marinated
5626:Forcemeat
5612:Fermented
5552:Barbecued
5524:Palm grub
5355:Shellfish
5325:Swordfish
5260:Mahi Mahi
5090:Crocodile
5065:Alligator
4944:Livestock
4874:Cassowary
4781:Milkshake
4776:Egg cream
4771:Coca-Cola
4766:Root beer
4761:Sweet tea
4745:Fast food
4513:Wisconsin
4508:St. Louis
4486:Minnesota
4364:Allentown
4350:New York
4334:Northeast
4203:Salumeria
4058:Cafeteria
4004:Tea party
3959:Dining in
3794:Fast food
3636:Cicchetti
3631:Antipasto
3572:Tableware
3522:Al fresco
3408:Entremets
3403:Side dish
3290:Elevenses
3280:Breakfast
3003:Fricassee
2993:Deglazing
2885:High heat
2878:Fat-based
2855:Sous-vide
2814:Simmering
2778:Reduction
2763:Decoction
2753:Blanching
2746:High heat
2699:Radiation
2446:Societies
2333:Provoleta
2328:Pinchitos
2323:Pig roast
2308:MuÄkalica
2283:Khorovats
2213:Churrasco
2183:Brochette
2134:Foods and
2115:Shichirin
2030:St. Louis
1946:Schwenker
1911:Churrasco
1605:0002-0397
1477:0362-4331
856:Spice rub
710:Churrasco
656:The term
466:churrasco
321:. In his
289:barbacado
200:Australia
159:Caribbean
18:Pitmaster
6245:Barbecue
6178:Red meat
6173:Raw meat
6102:subjects
5983:Veganism
5850:Meatball
5713:Pemmican
5698:Meatloaf
5693:Meatball
5533:Cuts and
5514:Silkworm
5504:Mealworm
5482:Crickets
5394:Crayfish
5374:Calamari
5270:Milkfish
5255:Mackerel
5250:Kingfish
5225:Flounder
5125:Pangolin
5110:Kangaroo
5095:Elephant
5080:Bushmeat
4735:Barbecue
4481:Michigan
4406:Kentucky
4306:Regional
4226:Category
4139:Cookbook
4113:Traiteur
4014:Catering
3984:Sittning
3949:Barbecue
3834:Take-out
3315:Merienda
3213:Cookbook
3197:Category
3129:See also
3105:Pickling
3063:Non-heat
2983:Braising
2953:Sweating
2941:Low heat
2932:Sautéing
2902:Browning
2865:Steaming
2829:Steeping
2809:Poaching
2804:Infusion
2799:Creaming
2794:Coddling
2787:Low heat
2773:Shocking
2726:Toasting
2690:Barbecue
2551:Category
2437:Yakitori
2412:Souvlaki
2392:Shashlik
2348:Red slaw
2343:RaĆŸnjiÄi
2313:Neobiani
2278:Khorkhog
2268:Kai yang
2238:FrigÄrui
2228:Espetada
2218:CocoloÈi
2095:Grilling
2090:Gridiron
1985:Regional
1966:Yakiniku
1906:Char siu
1901:Barbacoa
1880:Barbecue
1831:Archived
1656:14 April
1634:14 April
1613:73719750
1325:Newsweek
1118:15 March
850:Shashlik
805:Yakiniku
668:See also
658:barbecue
637:Grilling
624:Grilling
618:Grilling
525:dry rubs
457:roasting
453:grilling
396:'s work
390:barbecue
370:barbeque
358:barbeque
354:barbecue
232:barbacoa
216:barbecoa
171:barbacoa
161:and the
151:barabicu
142:barbacoa
133:barbecue
125:barabicu
108:grilling
104:charcoal
87:cuisines
67:barbeque
63:Barbecue
6310:Kitchen
6141:Marbled
6100:Related
6079:Packing
6054:Butcher
5918:Carnism
5860:Sausage
5835:Seafood
5803:Chicken
5773:Tartare
5768:Tandoor
5748:Sausage
5733:Roasted
5718:Poached
5708:Pickled
5631:Cretons
5621:supreme
5562:Braised
5557:Biltong
5459:Insects
5424:Scallop
5414:Octopus
5404:Lobster
5399:Dolphin
5369:Abalone
5361:seafood
5345:Walleye
5330:Tilapia
5305:Sardine
5295:Pollock
5245:Herring
5240:Halibut
5235:Haddock
5230:Grouper
5215:Crappie
5205:Catfish
5185:Anchovy
5155:Venison
4972:Buffalo
4962:Beefalo
4899:Ostrich
4879:Chicken
4866:Poultry
4661:Tlingit
4466:Chicago
4458:Midwest
4446:Tex-Mex
4313:General
4236:Commons
4164:outline
4159:Cuisine
4144:Cooking
4122:Related
4078:Kitchen
3974:Potluck
3937:Banquet
3779:Dosirak
3748:Zakuski
3698:Okazuya
3683:Kaiseki
3674:Izakaya
3664:Yum cha
3660:Dim sum
3641:Banchan
3542:Garnish
3481:RodĂzio
3476:Platter
3418:Savoury
3413:Dessert
3353:courses
3340:Siu yeh
3205:Commons
3120:Souring
3115:Salting
3100:Juicing
3075:Brining
2892:Basting
2834:Stewing
2758:Boiling
2685:Smoking
2659:Searing
2618:Cooking
2563:Commons
2432:Tsukune
2407:Sosatie
2303:Mixiote
2293:MĂ©choui
2188:Bulgogi
2120:Smoking
2100:Hibachi
2046:Cookers
2010:Memphis
2000:Chicago
1961:Siu mei
1951:Shaokao
1887:Cooking
1508:6 April
1482:6 April
1305:24 June
1012:11 July
896:8 April
844:Ribfest
778:Siu mei
772:Shaokao
755:Mashawi
595:Smoking
585:pellets
533:hickory
517:ketchup
461:British
451:usage,
362:bar-b-q
285:English
275:, then
273:Spanish
210:History
167:Florida
163:Timucua
137:Spanish
100:smoking
6275:Baking
6222:
6074:Jobber
6059:Cutter
6044:Broker
5845:Steaks
5763:Stewed
5753:Smoked
5743:Salumi
5723:Potted
5673:Kidney
5653:Ground
5648:Frozen
5617:Fillet
5597:Cutlet
5587:Corned
5582:Confit
5567:Burger
5498:locust
5477:Cicada
5419:Oyster
5409:Mussel
5379:Chiton
5359:other
5300:Salmon
5265:Marlin
5150:Turtle
5140:Rabbit
5115:Monkey
5105:Iguana
5047:Ć»ubroĆ
5002:Snails
4997:Donkey
4952:Alpaca
4919:Turkey
4904:Pigeon
4816:
4754:Drinks
4656:Tejano
4589:Ethnic
4560:Hawaii
4419:Creole
4176:Eating
4108:Tavern
3969:Picnic
3814:JĆ«bako
3784:Ekiben
3757:Packed
3743:Tiffin
3723:Sadhya
3678:Sakana
3581:Dining
3446:Buffet
3383:Entrée
3330:Supper
3325:Dinner
3320:Tiffin
3300:Brunch
3090:Drying
3085:Curing
2998:Flambé
2907:Frying
2675:Baking
2163:Bakkwa
2136:dishes
2105:Kamado
2065:Buccan
1931:Mangal
1921:Inihaw
1889:styles
1785:
1738:16 May
1611:
1603:
1543:
1533:
1475:
1367:
1200:
1168:
1085:
1051:
956:
823:Buccan
784:Souvla
749:Mangal
540:braais
529:smoked
527:) and
416:Styles
283:, and
281:French
269:loaned
244:maguey
188:French
173:. The
155:Arawak
75:barbie
6158:Offal
5869:Other
5758:Steak
5703:Offal
5678:Liver
5668:Kebab
5663:Jerky
5643:Fried
5602:Dried
5592:Cured
5547:Bacon
5487:Flour
5449:Whale
5335:Trout
5310:Shark
5285:Perch
5145:Snake
5120:Mouse
5027:Llama
5017:Horse
4977:Camel
4967:Bison
4909:Quail
4894:Goose
4796:Pepsi
4616:Cajun
4503:Omaha
4436:Texas
4414:Cajun
4388:South
4171:Drink
3994:Supra
3979:Seder
3964:Iftar
3844:Menus
3769:Bento
3738:Thali
3733:Tapas
3605:Toast
3428:Snack
3398:Salad
3388:Roast
3335:Iftar
3305:Lunch
3275:Suhur
3261:Meals
3110:Purée
3070:Aging
2499:Misc.
2382:Satay
2273:Kebab
2208:Chuan
2035:Texas
1896:Asado
1712:7 May
1609:S2CID
1449:: 16.
1421:7 May
766:Satay
743:Kebab
704:Braai
698:Asado
531:over
470:asado
441:galbi
224:TaĂno
139:word
79:barby
5840:Veal
5823:Pork
5818:Lamb
5813:Goat
5808:Fish
5798:Beef
5636:Pùté
5577:Chop
5542:Aged
5467:Ants
5429:Seal
5389:Crab
5384:Clam
5340:Tuna
5320:Swai
5315:Sole
5290:Pike
5200:Carp
5195:Bass
5190:Basa
5177:Fish
5165:Wolf
5135:Hare
5085:Boar
5075:Bear
5057:Game
5037:Veal
5032:Pork
5007:Frog
4987:Goat
4957:Beef
4914:Rhea
4884:Duck
4858:Meat
4523:West
4491:Ohio
4181:Food
4149:Chef
4134:Cook
4083:Mess
4053:Café
3693:Meze
3669:Fika
3626:Anju
3461:Dish
3378:Soup
3351:and
2511:List
2422:Suya
2370:Pork
2358:Beef
2353:Ribs
2253:Jeok
2248:Isaw
1783:ISBN
1762:2023
1740:2018
1714:2018
1680:2017
1658:2016
1636:2016
1601:ISSN
1541:OCLC
1531:ISBN
1510:2021
1484:2021
1473:ISSN
1423:2018
1397:2015
1365:ISBN
1337:2015
1307:2013
1281:2012
1259:2012
1229:2015
1198:ISBN
1179:2015
1166:ISBN
1145:2015
1120:2019
1096:2015
1083:ISBN
1062:2015
1049:ISBN
1014:2023
989:2015
954:ISBN
898:2021
608:beer
577:Oulu
491:For
240:lamb
236:goat
5828:Ham
5658:Ham
5607:Dum
5357:and
5220:Eel
5210:Cod
5160:Dog
5130:Rat
5100:Fox
5070:Bat
5042:Yak
4992:Dog
4982:Cat
4889:Emu
4073:Inn
4016:and
3846:and
3310:Tea
2739:Wet
2635:Dry
1733:CNN
1591:doi
1329:103
610:or
447:In
408:'s
366:BBQ
364:or
343:hog
306:'s
238:or
77:or
71:BBQ
65:or
6241::
3907:/
3676:/
3662:/
3643:/
1811:.
1731:.
1705:.
1607:.
1599:.
1587:45
1585:.
1581:.
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1562:.
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1500:.
1471:.
1467:.
1455:^
1447:94
1445:.
1431:^
1413:.
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1005:.
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906:^
878:^
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264:.
202:,
5619:/
5500:)
5496:(
4850:e
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3239:v
2610:e
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2122:(
1872:e
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