1408:
1420:
1347:, which are among the most primitive of all fish, may indicate how the pituitary originally evolved in ancestral vertebrates. Here, the posterior pituitary is a simple flat sheet of tissue at the base of the brain, and there is no pituitary stalk. Rathke's pouch remains open to the outside, close to the nasal openings. Closely associated with the pouch are three distinct clusters of glandular tissue, corresponding to the intermediate lobe, and the rostral and proximal portions of the anterior pituitary. These various parts are separated by
605:
1436:
978:
1460:
107:
1448:
1019:
36:
95:
797:(PRL), whose release is inconsistently stimulated by hypothalamic TRH, oxytocin, vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, angiotensin II, neuropeptide Y, galanin, substance P, bombesin-like peptides (gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin B and C), and neurotensin, and inhibited by hypothalamic dopamine.
1323:
The structure of the pituitary in fish, apart from the lungfish, is generally different from that in other animals. In general, the intermediate lobe tends to be well developed, and may equal the remainder of the anterior pituitary in size. The posterior lobe typically forms a sheet of tissue at the
380:
and almost absent in humans. In many animals, these three lobes are distinct. The intermediate lobe is present in many animal species, particularly in rodents, mice, and rats, which have been used extensively to study pituitary development and function. In all animals, the fleshy, glandular anterior
1579:
The gland in humans is described in
Knowledge (XXG) as being the size of a pea. So common is this description that it seemed likely to be wrong, as I confirmed by examining a selection of peas. Knowledge (XXG) also gives the weight of the human pituitary as about half a gram, and in this it is more
1119:
have been found to be predictive of larger pituitary gland volume, which was also associated with increased ratings of social anxiety. This research provides evidence that pituitary gland volume mediates the link between higher DHEA(S) levels (associated with relatively early adrenarche) and traits
1393:
located between the anterior and posterior pituitary is important to many animals. For instance, in fish, it is believed to control physiological color change. In adult humans, it is just a thin layer of cells between the anterior and posterior pituitary. The intermediate lobe produces
589:, of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei located in the hypothalamus, project axons down the infundibulum to terminals in the posterior pituitary. This simple arrangement differs sharply from that of the adjacent anterior pituitary, which does not develop from the hypothalamus.
1110:
tended to be linked to larger pituitary volume. Additionally, a correlation between pituitary gland volume and Social
Anxiety subscale scores was identified which provided a basis for exploring mediation. Again controlling for age, sex, and BMI,
1324:
base of the pituitary stalk, and in most cases sends irregular finger-like projection into the tissue of the anterior pituitary, which lies directly beneath it. The anterior pituitary is typically divided into two regions, a more anterior
1915:
Murray, CR; Simmons, JG; Allen, NB; Byrne, ML; Mundy, LK; Seal, ML; Patton, GC; Olsson, CA; Whittle, S (February 2016). "Associations between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, pituitary volume, and social anxiety in children".
388:
The height of the pituitary gland ranges from 5.3 to 7.0 mm. The volume of the pituitary gland ranges from 200 to 440 mm. Its most common shape, found in 46% of people is flat, it is convex in 31.2% and concave in 22.8%.
456:(the intermediate lobe) lies between the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis, and is rudimentary in the human, although in other species it is more developed. It develops from a depression in the dorsal wall of the
871:
loop. For example, uterine contractions stimulate the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary, which, in turn, increases uterine contractions. This positive feedback loop continues throughout labour.
1120:
associated with social anxiety. Children who experience early adrenarcheal development tend to have larger pituitary gland volume compared to children with later adrenarcheal development.
433:
in the hypothalamic capillaries leading to infundibular blood vessels, which in turn lead to a second capillary bed in the anterior pituitary. This vascular relationship constitutes the
1407:
1697:
54:
3079:
2254:
1419:
1099:(HPA axis). Critically, pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior.
227:
2217:
1096:
3476:
3817:
1320:, it becomes increasingly well developed. The intermediate lobe is, in general, not well developed in any species and is entirely absent in birds.
471:
contains several different types of cells that synthesize and secrete hormones. Usually there is one type of cell for each major hormone formed in
3972:
475:. With special stains attached to high-affinity antibodies that bind with distinctive hormone, at least 5 types of cells can be differentiated.
4205:
3509:
3072:
2247:
3698:
1837:
1737:
1677:
1605:
1351:
membranes, suggesting that the pituitary of other vertebrates may have formed from the fusion of a pair of separate, but associated, glands.
203:
1459:
3471:
1358:
also possess a neural secretory gland very similar in form to the posterior pituitary, but located in the tail and associated with the
3693:
1214:
can only be justified from a historical point of view. The inclusion of this synonym is merely justified by noting that the main term
3982:
3977:
3948:
3065:
2240:
2125:
831:
708:
586:
430:
72:
1435:
1853:
Ganella, Despina E.; Allen, Nicholas B.; Simmons, Julian G.; Schwartz, Orli; Kim, Jee Hyun; Sheeber, Lisa; Whittle, Sarah (2015).
4048:
3865:
704:
234:
1245:. This name consists of ὑπό ('under') and φύειν ('to grow'). In later Greek ὑπόφυσις is used differently by Greek physicians as
3754:
1993:
A Greek-English
Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.
1238:
1206:. In the seventeenth century the supposed function of the pituitary gland to produce nasal mucus was debunked. The expression
1092:
All of the functions of the pituitary gland can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones.
4102:
3681:
1580:
correct. The pituitary in a human is at least five times the average size of my peas; it is more like the size of a chickpea.
1395:
739:
647:
614:
The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes by secreting hormones. This includes stress (by secreting
3943:
3872:
3677:
760:
290:
222:
4195:
3618:
3400:
2275:
780:
623:
4200:
3654:
2211:
1053:
884:
753:
731:
631:
615:
148:
144:
3720:
3623:
3502:
3261:
2976:
1522:
1030:
828:
The posterior pituitary stores and secretes (but does not synthesize) the following important endocrine hormones:
703:(HGH), also referred to as 'growth hormone' (GH) or somatotropin, is released under the influence of hypothalamic
4190:
3715:
3673:
2936:
1854:
810:
666:(also called the infundibular stalk or the infundibulum). It regulates hydroelectrolytic stability (by secreting
434:
2196:
4185:
4159:
4085:
3934:
3664:
2944:
173:
4080:
4020:
3668:
3643:
3233:
3144:
860:
441:
then bind to anterior pituitary endocrine cells, upregulating or downregulating their release of hormones.
381:
pituitary is distinct from the neural composition of the posterior pituitary, which is an extension of the
4097:
3860:
3794:
3789:
3771:
3256:
2870:
2775:
2627:
1767:
Dall’Olmo, Luigi; Papa, Nicole; Surdo, Nicoletta
Concetta; Marigo, Ilaria; Mocellin, Simone (2023-08-22).
1202:
817:
604:
210:
198:
1447:
1061:, the increased (hyper) secretion of one or more of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland
3845:
3804:
3766:
3749:
3688:
3659:
3495:
2677:
1476:
1401:
The intermediate lobe is, in general, not well developed in tetrapods, and is entirely absent in birds.
1067:, the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland
1769:"Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH): biology, clinical relevance and implication in melanoma"
592:
The release of pituitary hormones by both the anterior and posterior lobes is under the control of the
4043:
4038:
3828:
3759:
3589:
3561:
3459:
3449:
2906:
2642:
2152:
838:
700:
346:
4149:
4122:
3967:
3835:
3809:
3238:
3191:
3183:
2655:
2424:
1527:
904:
774:
727:
651:
627:
572:
416:
369:
1293:
The pituitary gland is found in all vertebrates, but its structure varies among different groups.
4126:
3989:
3850:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3487:
3156:
3124:
3106:
2847:
2718:
2480:
2471:
2457:
2176:
1941:
1890:
1386:
1370:
1070:
846:
719:
608:
472:
468:
398:
365:
1159:. He described the pituitary gland as part of a series of secretory organs for the excretion of
3840:
3799:
3556:
3382:
3248:
3161:
3134:
3046:
3036:
2748:
2726:
2567:
2364:
2168:
2121:
1933:
1882:
1833:
1808:
1790:
1733:
1673:
1669:
1630:
1601:
1593:
1555:
1081:
1013:
868:
767:
693:
643:
461:
438:
412:
358:
338:
132:
1827:
1102:
It has been demonstrated that, after controlling for age, sex, and BMI, larger quantities of
543:
Gonadotropic hormones = both
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
4075:
3958:
3823:
3584:
3433:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3173:
3166:
3139:
3089:
3013:
2520:
2503:
2384:
2334:
2329:
2205:
2160:
2143:
1925:
1874:
1866:
1798:
1780:
1705:
1661:
1481:
1164:
1076:
1058:
787:
746:
1398:(MSH), although this function is often (imprecisely) attributed to the anterior pituitary.
4163:
4010:
3915:
3910:
3901:
3855:
3703:
3316:
3308:
3201:
3196:
3114:
2969:
2921:
2852:
2842:
2439:
2267:
1390:
1268:
1064:
663:
659:
578:
453:
373:
260:
2042:(29th edition). Philadelphia/London/Toronto/Montreal/Sydney/Tokyo: W.B. Saunders Company.
1698:"MRI Evaluation of Size and Shape of Normal Pituitary Gland: Age and Sex Related Changes"
2156:
1803:
1768:
3905:
3628:
3579:
3365:
3280:
3211:
3129:
3119:
2898:
2788:
2632:
2610:
2583:
2429:
2284:
1508:
1363:
1278:
1049:
890:
735:
619:
577:
The posterior lobe develops as an extension of the hypothalamus, from the floor of the
445:
426:
322:
294:
1710:
977:
880:
Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help control the following body processes:
4179:
4015:
3370:
3360:
3271:
3151:
3041:
2881:
2706:
2694:
2681:
2665:
2419:
2354:
2069:
Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre
Ableitung und Aussprache. Anhang: Biographische Notizen.
1975:
Onomatologia
Anatomica. Geschichte und Kritik der anatomischen Sprache der Gegenwart.
1878:
1662:
1513:
1308:, it is a relatively flat sheet of tissue lying above the anterior pituitary, but in
1146:
923:
449:
420:
350:
342:
318:
302:
1945:
1668:(Third ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier. pp.
4154:
4062:
3886:
3781:
3710:
3546:
3519:
3454:
3420:
3410:
3348:
3026:
2349:
2297:
2180:
1929:
1894:
1870:
1855:"Early life stress alters pituitary growth during adolescence—A longitudinal study"
1426:
1333:
864:
850:
802:
801:
These hormones are released from the anterior pituitary under the influence of the
757:
712:
655:
593:
582:
404:
382:
276:
3057:
654:(or neurohypophysis) is a lobe of the gland that is functionally connected to the
1304:. However, only in mammals does the posterior pituitary have a compact shape. In
191:
178:
4141:
3998:
3925:
3638:
3571:
3531:
3523:
3428:
3343:
2954:
2803:
2783:
2598:
2593:
2533:
1622:
1490:
1359:
1160:
1034:
1018:
842:
667:
272:
1785:
3405:
3390:
2862:
2731:
2701:
2650:
2555:
2263:
2200:
1499:
1355:
1043:
942:
929:
900:
805:. Hypothalamic hormones are secreted to the anterior lobe by way of a special
354:
314:
306:
264:
122:
106:
1794:
783:(FSH), both released under influence of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)
215:
3395:
3206:
2825:
2620:
2401:
2009:
A Latin dictionary founded on
Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.
1309:
1139:
1095:
The pituitary gland is important for mediating the stress response, via the
1039:
914:
909:
896:
806:
794:
639:
635:
429:
of the anterior pituitary are controlled by regulatory hormones released by
377:
310:
298:
2232:
1937:
1886:
1812:
1696:
Yadav, Pratiksha; Singhal, Shubham; Chauhan, Surbhi; Harit, Saumya (2017).
1634:
2172:
1559:
1332:
portion, but the boundary between the two is often not clearly marked. In
1046:
caused by an excess of growth hormone in childhood and adult, respectively
845:
and arginine vasopressin AVP), the majority of which is released from the
3994:
3603:
3551:
3466:
3338:
3001:
2964:
2959:
2886:
2758:
2339:
2324:
2302:
2095:
Vertalend en verklarend woordenboek van uitheemsche geneeskundige termen.
1348:
1305:
1301:
856:
671:
581:. The posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by cell bodies in the
408:
280:
185:
128:
17:
4030:
3225:
3031:
2949:
2926:
2830:
2820:
2815:
2753:
2736:
2689:
2394:
2344:
2319:
1374:
1344:
1313:
1022:
Normal-sized hand (left) and enlarged hand caused by acromegaly (right)
953:
670:), uterine contraction during labor and human attachment (by secreting
457:
286:
240:
94:
2986:
2981:
2916:
2911:
2857:
2793:
2741:
2660:
2550:
2538:
2493:
2452:
2447:
2389:
2314:
2164:
2141:
Wells, M. J.; Wells, J. (1969). "Pituitary
Analogue in the Octopus".
1732:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. pp. 1016–1017.
1297:
1116:
1107:
933:
326:
139:
2120:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 549–550.
3355:
3330:
2996:
2991:
2876:
2603:
2510:
2411:
2369:
2359:
2308:
1142:
1085:
1017:
949:
938:
268:
161:
1385:
Although rudimentary in humans (and often considered part of the
2763:
2498:
2374:
2292:
2222:
1977:
Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller. K.K. Hof- und
Universitätsbuchhändler.
1317:
1112:
1103:
961:
403:
The anterior pituitary lobe (or adenohypophysis) arises from an
279:. The human pituitary gland is oval shaped, about the size of a
3491:
3061:
2236:
2798:
2615:
2379:
2051:
Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998).
1465:
Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane
972:
918:
682:
The anterior pituitary synthesizes and secretes hormones. All
437:. Diffusing out of the second capillary bed, the hypothalamic
29:
1168:
1150:
2212:
The Pituitary Gland, from the UMM Endocrinology Health Guide
2027:
Synonymia anatomica. Synonymik der anatomischen Nomenclatur.
1296:
The division of the pituitary described above is typical of
2227:
452:(pars glandularis) that constitutes ~80% of the gland. The
444:
The anterior lobe of the pituitary can be divided into the
1575:
The Heart of the Brain: The Hypothalamus and its Hormones
1181:) drips". Besides this 'descriptive' name, Vesalius used
151:, capsular artery, artery of the inferior cavernous sinus
2080:
International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1966).
1026:
Some of the diseases involving the pituitary gland are:
1234:) means "related to the hypophysis (pituitary gland)".
1073:
a decreased secretion of most of the pituitary hormones
988:
50:
2208: – Histology Learning System at Boston University
1987:
1985:
1983:
1546:
Gibo H, Hokama M, Kyoshima K, Kobayashi S (1993). "".
816:
There is also a non-endocrine cell population called
2003:
2001:
349:. It sits in a protective bony enclosure called the
283:, and weighs 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) on average.
271:, the pituitary gland is located at the base of the
4140:
4113:
4061:
4029:
3957:
3933:
3924:
3894:
3885:
3780:
3637:
3611:
3602:
3570:
3539:
3530:
3442:
3419:
3381:
3329:
3307:
3279:
3270:
3247:
3224:
3182:
3105:
3096:
3012:
2935:
2897:
2774:
2717:
2676:
2641:
2582:
2519:
2479:
2470:
2438:
2410:
2283:
2274:
2116:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
1592:Mancall, Elliott L.; Brock, David G., eds. (2011).
1145:
referred to the pituitary gland by only using the (
221:
209:
197:
184:
172:
160:
155:
138:
121:
116:
87:
45:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
2228:The Pituitary Network Association -- pituitary.org
867:. Oxytocin is one of the few hormones to create a
289:secreted from the pituitary gland help to control
948:Water balance via the control of reabsorption of
1249:. Sömmering also used the equivalent expression
2071:(Elfte Auflage). München: Verlag J.F. Bergmann.
1300:, and is also true, to varying degrees, of all
2084:. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation, p. 62
2063:
2061:
337:In humans, the pituitary gland rests upon the
3503:
3073:
2248:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1728:Boron, Walter F.; Boulpaep, Emile L. (2009).
686:(-RH) referred to can also be referred to as
8:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1262:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1723:
1721:
1702:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
1272:
329:, temperature regulation, and pain relief.
147:, infundibular artery, prechiasmal artery,
3930:
3891:
3608:
3536:
3510:
3496:
3488:
3477:List of human endocrine organs and actions
3276:
3102:
3080:
3066:
3058:
2476:
2280:
2255:
2241:
2233:
376:that joins them. The intermediate lobe is
297:, energy management, all functions of the
3949:Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
1802:
1784:
1709:
1623:"Anatomy, Head and Neck, Pituitary Gland"
1600:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 154.
1196:is still used as official synonym beside
756:(TSH) is released under the influence of
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
57:, without removing the technical details.
2040:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
603:
477:
1538:
1403:
1340:beneath the anterior pituitary proper.
763:(TRH) and is inhibited by somatostatin.
364:The pituitary gland is composed of the
167:hypophysis cerebri, glandula pituitaria
1991:Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940).
811:hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system
238:
84:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
859:, most of which is released from the
55:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
3944:Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
2007:Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879).
1691:
1689:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1200:in the official Latin nomenclature
1097:hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
515:AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone (ACTH)
275:, protruding off the bottom of the
587:magnocellular neurosecretory cells
529:Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
431:parvocellular neurosecretory cells
25:
3983:Parvocellular neurosecretory cell
3978:Magnocellular neurosecretory cell
1826:Shlomo Melmed (3 December 2010).
1773:Journal of Translational Medicine
1621:Ganapathy MK, Tadi P (Jan 2020).
1088:that occur in the pituitary gland
630:), metabolism rate (by secreting
3866:Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
2218:Oklahoma State, Endocrine System
1458:
1446:
1434:
1418:
1406:
1175:glans, in quam pituita destillat
976:
705:growth hormone-releasing hormone
235:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
105:
93:
34:
2029:Fürth: im Bureau für Literatur.
4103:Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
1930:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.004
1871:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.01.005
1832:. Academic Press. p. 40.
1754:Textbook of Medical Physiology
1396:melanocyte-stimulating hormone
1362:. This may have a function in
1185:, from which the English name
740:melanocyte-stimulating hormone
648:melanocyte-stimulating hormone
622:), reproduction (by secreting
1:
4206:Human female endocrine system
1711:10.7860/JCDR/2017/31034.10933
1281:, the terms are derived from
1218:is a much less popular term.
761:thyrotropin-releasing hormone
309:, as well as some aspects of
3619:Stria medullaris of thalamus
1453:Depiction of pituitary gland
1239:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring
781:Follicle-stimulating hormone
662:via a small tube called the
596:, albeit in different ways.
27:Endocrine gland of the brain
4021:Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
1441:Pituitary and pineal glands
1210:and its English equivalent
1054:thyroid-stimulating hormone
754:Thyroid-stimulating hormone
732:adrenocorticotropic hormone
726:Cleaved from the precursor
501:human Growth Hormone (hGH)
490:Percentage of type of cell
415:). This contrasts with the
149:inferior hypophyseal artery
145:Superior hypophyseal artery
111:Position of pituitary gland
4222:
3624:Thalamic reticular nucleus
2097:Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn.
1786:10.1186/s12967-023-04405-y
1523:Oxyphil cell (parathyroid)
1169:
1151:
1052:caused by a deficiency of
1033:caused by a deficiency of
1031:Central diabetes insipidus
1011:
570:
448:(pars infundibularis) and
396:
2206:Histology image: 14201loa
2025:Schreger, C.H.Th.(1805).
1629:. StatPearls Publishing.
1177:, "gland in which slime (
903:including stimulation of
646:synthesizes and secretes
435:hypophyseal portal system
233:
104:
92:
4160:Nuclei campi perizonalis
4086:Retinohypothalamic tract
2223:The Pituitary Foundation
2011:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1995:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1918:Psychoneuroendocrinology
1859:Psychoneuroendocrinology
1373:to the pituitary in the
1336:there is an additional,
1328:portion and a posterior
1261:. In various languages,
932:conversion of food into
618:), growth (by secreting
419:, which originates from
323:water/salt concentration
4081:Medial forebrain bundle
4011:Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
3145:Somatomammotrophic cell
2038:Anderson, D.M. (2000).
1660:Melmed, Shlomo (2011).
1598:Gray's Clinical Anatomy
1189:is ultimately derived.
861:paraventricular nucleus
818:folliculostellate cells
460:(stomal part) known as
345:, in the center of the
4098:Mammillothalamic tract
3861:Subthalamic fasciculus
3795:Pallidothalamic tracts
3790:Mammillothalamic tract
3772:Interthalamic adhesion
2707:Lymphoid immune system
2276:Musculoskeletal system
2053:Terminologia Anatomica
1273:
1263:
1203:Terminologia Anatomica
1023:
985:This section is empty.
958:Temperature regulation
945:regulation in the body
910:Breast milk production
611:
4125:is diencephalon, but
3846:Dentatothalamic tract
3805:Lenticular fasciculus
3767:Midline nuclear group
2695:Myeloid immune system
2481:Cardiovascular system
1879:10536/DRO/DU:30144589
1573:Leng, Gareth (2018).
1477:Head and neck anatomy
1369:There is a structure
1021:
1008:Clinical significance
832:Magnocellular neurons
730:protein, and include
607:
3829:Trigeminal lemniscus
3590:Subcommissural organ
3562:Habenular commissure
3460:Organ of Zuckerkandl
3450:Enteroendocrine cell
3047:Islets of Langerhans
2907:Genitourinary system
2643:Integumentary system
2093:Pinkhof, H. (1923).
2067:Triepel, H. (1927).
1756:. Elsevier Saunders.
905:uterine contractions
841:(ADH, also known as
839:Antidiuretic hormone
701:Human growth hormone
347:middle cranial fossa
4196:Human head and neck
4150:Subthalamic nucleus
3968:posterior pituitary
3836:Spinothalamic tract
3810:Thalamic fasciculus
3239:Parafollicular cell
2937:Reproductive system
2656:Subcutaneous tissue
2425:Cartilaginous joint
2157:1969Natur.222..293W
2118:The Vertebrate Body
2055:. Stuttgart: Thieme
1528:Neuroendocrine cell
1343:The arrangement in
1208:glandula pituitaria
1194:glandula pituitaria
1183:glandula pituitaria
809:system, called the
775:Luteinizing hormone
728:proopiomelanocortin
652:posterior pituitary
573:Posterior pituitary
417:posterior pituitary
370:posterior pituitary
4201:Neuroendocrinology
3851:Acoustic radiation
3383:Islets of pancreas
3157:Corticotropic cell
2719:Respiratory system
2472:Circulatory system
1973:Hyrtl, J. (1880).
1730:Medical Physiology
1429:–pituitary complex
1387:anterior pituitary
1082:Pituitary adenomas
1071:Panhypopituitarism
1024:
917:functions in both
847:supraoptic nucleus
684:releasing hormones
612:
609:Pituitary hormones
473:anterior pituitary
469:anterior pituitary
439:releasing hormones
399:Anterior pituitary
366:anterior pituitary
4173:
4172:
4136:
4135:
4057:
4056:
3881:
3880:
3873:Medullary laminae
3841:Lateral lemniscus
3800:Ansa lenticularis
3598:
3597:
3557:Habenular trigone
3485:
3484:
3325:
3324:
3249:Parathyroid gland
3220:
3219:
3162:Gonadotropic cell
3135:Somatotropic cell
3055:
3054:
2578:
2577:
2568:Glymphatic system
2466:
2465:
2151:(5190): 293–294.
1839:978-0-12-380926-1
1739:978-1-4160-3115-4
1679:978-0-12-380926-1
1607:978-1-4377-3580-2
1391:intermediate lobe
1381:Intermediate lobe
1077:Pituitary tumours
1014:Pituitary disease
1005:
1004:
869:positive feedback
688:releasing factors
644:intermediate lobe
564:
563:
487:Hormone secreted
374:intermediate lobe
359:diaphragma sellae
353:, covered by the
339:hypophyseal fossa
249:
248:
244:
83:
82:
75:
16:(Redirected from
4213:
4191:Endocrine system
4076:Stria terminalis
3931:
3892:
3824:Medial lemniscus
3609:
3585:Habenular nuclei
3537:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3489:
3434:Corpora arenacea
3299:Zona reticularis
3294:Zona fasciculata
3289:Zona glomerulosa
3277:
3174:Chromophobe cell
3167:Thyrotropic cell
3103:
3090:endocrine system
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3014:Endocrine system
2776:Digestive system
2521:Lymphatic system
2504:Lymphatic vessel
2477:
2281:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2185:
2184:
2165:10.1038/222293a0
2138:
2132:
2131:
2113:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2082:Nomina Anatomica
2078:
2072:
2065:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1989:
1978:
1971:
1950:
1949:
1912:
1899:
1898:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1823:
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1788:
1764:
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1750:
1744:
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1693:
1684:
1683:
1667:
1657:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1594:"Cranial Fossae"
1589:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1543:
1482:Chromophobe cell
1462:
1450:
1438:
1425:Lateral view of
1422:
1410:
1283:appendix cerebri
1276:
1274:hersenaanhangsel
1266:
1251:appendix cerebri
1241:coined the name
1172:
1171:
1165:Andreas Vesalius
1154:
1153:
1059:Hyperpituitarism
1000:
997:
987:You can help by
980:
973:
895:Some aspects of
711:by hypothalamic
557:Prolactin (PRL)
478:
241:edit on Wikidata
127:Neural and oral
109:
97:
85:
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
38:
37:
30:
21:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4186:Pituitary gland
4176:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:Fields of Forel
4132:
4109:
4053:
4025:
4016:Preoptic (GnRH)
3973:Paraventricular
3953:
3920:
3911:Mammillary body
3902:Median eminence
3877:
3856:Optic radiation
3776:
3704:Pulvinar nuclei
3642:
3633:
3594:
3566:
3526:
3518:Anatomy of the
3516:
3486:
3481:
3438:
3415:
3377:
3321:
3317:Chromaffin cell
3303:
3266:
3243:
3234:Follicular cell
3216:
3197:Median eminence
3178:
3115:Pars intermedia
3098:Pituitary gland
3092:
3088:Anatomy of the
3086:
3056:
3051:
3008:
2970:Seminal vesicle
2931:
2893:
2843:Small intestine
2770:
2713:
2672:
2637:
2574:
2515:
2462:
2440:Muscular system
2434:
2406:
2285:Skeletal system
2270:
2261:
2193:
2188:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2115:
2114:
2101:
2092:
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2015:
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1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1664:The Pituitary -
1659:
1658:
1649:
1639:
1637:
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1615:
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1591:
1590:
1586:
1572:
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1430:
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1414:
1411:
1383:
1291:
1224:
1212:pituitary gland
1192:The expression
1187:pituitary gland
1136:
1134:Pituitary gland
1131:
1126:
1084:, noncancerous
1065:Hypopituitarism
1016:
1010:
1001:
995:
992:
971:
878:
826:
707:(GHRH), and is
680:
664:pituitary stalk
660:median eminence
602:
579:third ventricle
575:
569:
454:pars intermedia
427:Endocrine cells
401:
395:
335:
261:endocrine gland
253:pituitary gland
245:
112:
100:
88:Pituitary gland
79:
68:
62:
59:
51:help improve it
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4219:
4217:
4209:
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4203:
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4157:
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4146:
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4138:
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4130:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
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4090:
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4088:
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4018:
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4002:
4001:
3987:
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3985:
3980:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:Tuber cinereum
3898:
3896:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
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3728:
3718:
3708:
3707:
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3701:
3696:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3671:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3629:Taenia thalami
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:Pretectal area
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3366:Granulosa cell
3363:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3212:Herring bodies
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3140:Prolactin cell
3137:
3130:Acidophil cell
3127:
3122:
3120:Pars tuberalis
3117:
3111:
3109:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2899:Urinary system
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Laryngopharynx
2818:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Salivary gland
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2686:
2684:
2682:immune systems
2678:Haematopoietic
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2628:Somatic system
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2611:Sensory system
2608:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2586:
2584:Nervous system
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2563:CNS equivalent
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2430:Synovial joint
2427:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
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2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2214:(2011 archive)
2209:
2203:
2192:
2191:External links
2189:
2187:
2186:
2133:
2126:
2099:
2086:
2073:
2057:
2044:
2031:
2013:
1997:
1979:
1951:
1900:
1845:
1838:
1818:
1759:
1745:
1738:
1717:
1685:
1678:
1647:
1613:
1606:
1584:
1565:
1554:(10): 2550–4.
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1509:Acidophil cell
1503:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
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1431:
1424:
1417:
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1405:
1382:
1379:
1364:osmoregulation
1290:
1287:
1237:The anatomist
1223:
1220:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:Hypothyroidism
1047:
1037:
1012:Main article:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
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970:
967:
966:
965:
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936:
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893:
891:Blood pressure
888:
877:
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854:
825:
822:
799:
798:
785:
784:
778:
765:
764:
744:
743:
736:beta-endorphin
717:
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679:
676:
638:(by secreting
601:
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571:Main article:
568:
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512:Corticotropes
510:
506:
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499:
496:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
462:Rathke's pouch
446:pars tuberalis
413:Rathke's pouch
397:Main article:
394:
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295:blood pressure
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133:Rathke's pouch
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63:September 2023
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3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3372:
3371:Corpus luteum
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Theca interna
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Adrenal gland
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3152:Basophil cell
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Pars distalis
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Biliary tract
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2666:Mammary gland
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:Fibrous joint
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:Human systems
2258:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2127:0-03-910284-X
2123:
2119:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:The pituitary
1822:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:Nippon Rinsho
1542:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:Basophil cell
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1334:elasmobranchs
1331:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1289:Other animals
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1147:Ancient Greek
1144:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1007:
999:
990:
986:
982:
979:
975:
974:
968:
963:
960:
957:
955:
951:
947:
944:
940:
937:
935:
931:
928:
925:
924:Thyroid gland
922:
920:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
881:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
855:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:
836:
835:
833:
829:
823:
821:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
796:
793:
792:
791:
789:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
771:
769:
762:
759:
755:
752:
751:
750:
748:
742:are released.
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
723:
721:
720:Corticotropes
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:
698:
697:
695:
691:
689:
685:
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
610:
606:
599:
597:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
574:
566:
559:
556:
553:
550:
549:
545:
542:
540:Gonadotropes
539:
536:
535:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
498:Somatotropes
497:
494:
493:
489:
486:
484:Type of cell
483:
480:
479:
476:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:pars distalis
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
422:
421:neuroectoderm
418:
414:
410:
406:
400:
392:
390:
386:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
351:sella turcica
348:
344:
343:sphenoid bone
340:
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
319:breastfeeding
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:thyroid gland
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
242:
236:
232:
229:
226:
224:
220:
217:
214:
212:
208:
205:
202:
200:
196:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
154:
150:
146:
143:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
124:
120:
115:
108:
103:
96:
91:
86:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
46:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
4155:Zona incerta
4129:is glandular
4114:
4092:
4070:
4063:White matter
4044:Ventromedial
4007:
3966:
3916:Infundibulum
3887:Hypothalamus
3816:
3782:White matter
3760:Centromedian
3755:Intralaminar
3746:
3711:Metathalamus
3651:
3547:Pineal gland
3520:diencephalon
3421:Pineal gland
3411:Epsilon cell
3349:Sertoli cell
3262:Oxyphil cell
3192:Pars nervosa
3097:
3021:
2869:
2837:
2810:
2562:
2545:
2528:
2488:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2117:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2076:
2068:
2052:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2008:
1992:
1974:
1921:
1917:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1828:
1821:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1753:
1748:
1729:
1701:
1663:
1638:. Retrieved
1626:
1616:
1597:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1427:hypothalamus
1413:Frontal view
1400:
1384:
1368:
1353:
1342:
1338:ventral lobe
1337:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1295:
1292:
1282:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1163:. Anatomist
1156:
1137:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1025:
993:
989:adding to it
984:
879:
865:hypothalamus
851:hypothalamus
830:
827:
815:
803:hypothalamus
800:
786:
768:Gonadotropes
766:
758:hypothalamic
745:
734:(ACTH), and
718:
713:somatostatin
694:Somatotropes
692:
687:
683:
681:
656:hypothalamus
613:
594:hypothalamus
591:
583:hypothalamus
576:
554:Lactotropes
526:Thyrotropes
466:
443:
425:
407:of the oral
405:invagination
402:
387:
383:hypothalamus
363:
336:
285:
277:hypothalamus
256:
252:
250:
204:A11.1.00.001
192:birnlex_1353
166:
131:, including
99:Lateral view
69:
60:
44:
4142:Subthalamus
4049:Dorsomedial
3999:vasopressin
3926:Grey matter
3639:Grey matter
3572:Grey matter
3532:Epithalamus
3524:human brain
3472:Development
3455:Paraganglia
3429:Pinealocyte
3344:Leydig cell
3037:Parathyroid
2737:Nasopharynx
2599:Spinal cord
2534:Bone marrow
2303:Collar bone
1865:: 185–194.
1627:StatPearls
1491:Melanotroph
1360:spinal cord
1232:hypophyseal
1228:hypophysial
1167:translated
1161:nasal mucus
1035:vasopressin
969:Development
843:vasopressin
788:Lactotropes
747:Thyrotropes
265:vertebrates
156:Identifiers
4180:Categories
3990:Supraoptic
3406:Delta cell
3391:Alpha cell
3257:Chief cell
2816:Oropharynx
2556:Lymph node
2489:peripheral
2335:Metatarsus
2330:Metacarpus
2309:Thigh bone
2305:(clavicle)
2201:NeuroNames
1779:(1): 562.
1534:References
1500:Chromophil
1356:armadillos
1310:amphibians
1264:Hirnanhang
1243:hypophysis
1222:Hypophysis
1216:hypophysis
1198:hypophysis
1138:The Greek
1044:acromegaly
943:osmolarity
901:childbirth
315:childbirth
307:metabolism
299:sex organs
257:hypophysis
4123:Posterior
4115:Pituitary
3959:Endocrine
3935:Autonomic
3396:Beta cell
3207:Pituicyte
3184:Posterior
3022:Pituitary
2871:accessory
2826:Esophagus
2546:secondary
2458:Diaphragm
2402:Cartilage
2350:Phalanges
1795:1479-5876
1371:analogous
1349:meningial
1302:tetrapods
1259:appendage
1247:outgrowth
1140:physician
1129:Etymology
1040:Gigantism
930:Metabolic
915:Sex organ
897:pregnancy
824:Posterior
807:capillary
795:Prolactin
709:inhibited
640:prolactin
636:lactation
567:Posterior
378:avascular
372:, and an
333:Structure
311:pregnancy
123:Precursor
18:Pituitary
4127:anterior
4093:efferent
4071:afferent
3995:oxytocin
3747:midline:
3604:Thalamus
3552:Habenula
3467:Placenta
3339:Testicle
3107:Anterior
3002:Placenta
2965:Testicle
2960:Prostate
2887:Pancreas
2848:Appendix
2838:lower GI
2811:upper GI
2759:Bronchus
2702:Lymphoid
2385:Vertebra
2340:Ossicles
2325:Mandible
2197:hier-382
1946:22520320
1938:26600008
1924:: 31–9.
1887:25622011
1813:37608347
1804:10463388
1635:31855373
1471:See also
1345:lampreys
1330:proximal
1314:reptiles
1306:lungfish
1255:appendix
996:May 2024
926:function
876:Hormones
857:Oxytocin
678:Anterior
672:oxytocin
600:Function
409:ectoderm
393:Anterior
287:Hormones
281:chickpea
186:NeuroLex
129:ectoderm
4039:Lateral
4031:Emotion
3895:Surface
3689:Lateral
3660:Ventral
3652:paired:
3612:Surface
3540:Surface
3522:of the
3401:PP cell
3309:Medulla
3226:Thyroid
3042:Adrenal
3032:Thyroid
2950:Scrotum
2927:Urethra
2922:Bladder
2831:Stomach
2754:Trachea
2690:Myeloid
2529:primary
2395:Sternum
2345:Patella
2320:Humerus
2311:(femur)
2181:4159935
2173:5778406
2153:Bibcode
1895:5247274
1560:8254920
1389:), the
1377:brain.
1375:octopus
1326:rostral
1298:mammals
1253:, with
1179:pituita
1149:) name
1124:History
954:kidneys
952:by the
863:in the
849:in the
690:(-RF).
658:by the
642:). The
504:30–50%
458:pharynx
341:of the
327:kidneys
325:at the
179:D010902
117:Details
49:Please
4008:other:
3736:K cell
3731:M cell
3726:P cell
3644:nuclei
3331:Gonads
3281:Cortex
3027:Pineal
2987:Vagina
2982:Uterus
2977:Female
2917:Ureter
2912:Kidney
2858:Rectum
2794:Tongue
2742:Larynx
2661:Breast
2633:Tissue
2551:Spleen
2539:Thymus
2494:Artery
2453:Tendon
2448:Muscle
2412:Joints
2390:Pelvis
2365:Tarsus
2355:Radius
2315:Fibula
2298:Carpus
2268:organs
2179:
2171:
2144:Nature
2124:
1944:
1936:
1893:
1885:
1836:
1811:
1801:
1793:
1736:
1676:
1640:24 Sep
1633:
1604:
1558:
1316:, and
1269:German
1226:Note:
1117:DHEA-S
1108:DHEA-S
1086:tumors
964:relief
934:energy
885:Growth
738:, and
650:. The
634:) and
585:. The
481:S.No.
368:, the
291:growth
269:humans
259:is an
140:Artery
3937:zones
3443:Other
3356:Ovary
3202:Stalk
2997:Ovary
2992:Vulva
2955:Penis
2877:Liver
2853:Colon
2804:Tooth
2784:Mouth
2749:Lower
2727:Upper
2604:Nerve
2594:Brain
2511:Heart
2370:Tibia
2360:Skull
2177:S2CID
1942:S2CID
1891:S2CID
1672:–25.
1354:Most
1318:birds
1279:Dutch
1173:with
1157:gland
1143:Galen
950:water
939:Water
919:sexes
777:(LH).
560:3–5%
546:3–5%
532:3–5%
357:fold
355:dural
273:brain
267:. In
239:[
228:13889
162:Latin
3818:PCML
2945:Male
2863:Anus
2764:Lung
2732:Nose
2680:and
2651:Skin
2499:Vein
2375:Ulna
2293:Bone
2266:and
2169:PMID
2122:ISBN
1934:PMID
1883:PMID
1834:ISBN
1809:PMID
1791:ISSN
1734:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1642:2020
1631:PMID
1602:ISBN
1556:PMID
1271:and
1230:(or
1170:ἀδήν
1152:ἀδήν
1115:and
1113:DHEA
1106:and
1104:DHEA
1042:and
962:Pain
941:and
899:and
887:(GH)
626:and
616:ACTH
518:20%
467:The
251:The
216:3853
199:TA98
174:MeSH
3682:VPL
3678:VPM
2799:Lip
2621:Eye
2616:Ear
2380:Rib
2199:at
2161:doi
2149:222
1926:doi
1875:hdl
1867:doi
1799:PMC
1781:doi
1706:doi
1277:in
1267:in
1257:as
991:.
674:).
668:ADH
632:TSH
624:FSH
551:5.
537:4.
523:3.
509:2.
495:1.
361:.
263:in
255:or
223:FMA
211:TA2
53:to
4182::
3750:MD
3721:LG
3716:MG
3699:LP
3694:LD
3674:VP
3669:VL
3665:VA
3655:AN
2175:.
2167:.
2159:.
2147:.
2102:^
2060:^
2016:^
2000:^
1982:^
1954:^
1940:.
1932:.
1922:64
1920:.
1903:^
1889:.
1881:.
1873:.
1863:53
1861:.
1857:.
1807:.
1797:.
1789:.
1777:21
1775:.
1771:.
1720:^
1704:.
1700:.
1688:^
1670:23
1650:^
1625:.
1596:.
1577:.
1552:51
1550:.
1366:.
1312:,
1285:.
1155:,
834::
820:.
813:.
790::
770::
749::
722::
696::
628:LH
620:GH
464:.
423:.
385:.
321:,
317:,
313:,
305:,
301:,
293:,
188:ID
4166:)
4162:(
3997:/
3970::
3904:/
3680:/
3676:/
3667:/
3641:/
3511:e
3504:t
3497:v
3081:e
3074:t
3067:v
2256:e
2249:t
2242:v
2183:.
2163::
2155::
2130:.
1948:.
1928::
1897:.
1877::
1869::
1842:.
1815:.
1783::
1742:.
1714:.
1708::
1682:.
1644:.
1610:.
1562:.
998:)
994:(
853:.
715:.
411:(
243:]
76:)
70:(
65:)
61:(
47:.
20:)
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