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99:"The company store is one of the most reviled and misunderstood of economic institutions. In song, folktale, and union rhetoric the company store was often cast as a villain, a collector of souls through perpetual debt peonage. Nicknames, like the "pluck me" and more obscene versions that cannot appear in a family newspaper, seem to point to exploitation. The attitudes carry over into the scholarly literature, which emphasizes that the company store was a monopoly."
2252:
128:" (company stores) were a prominent symbol of labor and peasant exploitation. These stores, operated by the owners of haciendas or factories, sold essential items to workers, often at inflated prices and typically paying with vouchers instead of cash. This kept workers in a continuous debt cycle to the hacienda or company, binding them almost like slaves to the land or industrial work without the possibility of escaping poverty.
83:
institutions, funneling workers' incomes back to the owners of the company. This is because company stores often faced little or no competition for workers' earnings on account of their geographical remoteness, the inability and/or unwillingness of other nearby merchants (if any existed) to accept
61:
or non-cash vouchers issued by the company in advance of periodic cash paychecks, and gives credit to employees before payday. Except in very remote areas, company stores in mining towns became scarcer after the miners bought automobiles and could travel to a range of stores. Even so, the stores
154:
Finally, in 1915, Venustiano
Carranza, one of the revolutionary leaders and eventual president of Mexico, took decisive action against this oppressive system. By his order, the tiendas de raya were eliminated across the country, marking a significant shift in the fight for social and economic
30:
139:
and attacked and looted the company store. The
Mexican military responded harshly, gunning down many of the strikers. Despite the tragic violence, the aftermath saw the opening of more retail outlets in RĂo Blanco, as if to reinforce the tienda de raya system.
62:
could survive because they provided convenience and easy credit. Company stores served numerous additional functions, as well, such as a locus for the government post office, and as the cultural and community center where people could freely gather.
155:
justice. This act was intended not only to relieve the direct economic exploitation of workers but also to break down the economic power that large landowners and businessmen held over the working class.
135:, home to Mexico's largest cotton mill. Workers there were paid in scrip, which could only be used at the company's store. In 1907, textile workers, fed up with this system, went on
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65:
151:
in 1910, this resentment intensified. The deep social discontent, built up after years of exploitation, was primarily directed towards these stores and their managers.
179:. He hired 23 Hawaiian locals and paid them in a cardboard scrip, notated in various amounts. The scrip could only be exchanged for merchandise at his store.
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147:, the looting and destruction of the tiendas de raya became key symbolic and strategic actions. With the actual outbreak of the
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107:", which contains such lines as "Saint Peter, don't you call me, 'cuz I can't go. I owe my soul to the company store."
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371:
Analysis and index of all reports issued by bureaus of labor statistics in the United States prior to
November 1, 1892
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Martin, Cynthia Burns (2012). "The
Bodwell Granite Company Store and the Community of Vinalhaven, Maine, 1859-1919".
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company scrip, or both. Prices, therefore, were typically high. Allowing purchases on credit enforced a kind of
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54:. In a company town, the housing is owned by the company but there may be independent stores there or nearby.
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selling a limited range of food, clothing and daily necessities to employees of a company. It is typical of a
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250:"Did Coal Miners 'Owe Their Souls to the Company Store'? Theory and Evidence from the Early 1900s"
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A notable instance of the oppressive nature of tiendas de raya occurred in the early 1900s at
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A company store owned and operated by the U.S. Coal and Coke
Company in Lynch, Kentucky, 1946
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The
Company Town: The Industrial Edens and Satanic Mills That Shaped the American Economy
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From the earliest insurrections of the
Mexican revolution, led and promoted by the
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Soft Coal, Hard
Choices: The Economic Welfare of Bituminous Coal Miners, 1890-1930
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274:(Reissued by University of Texas Press, 1969 ed.). Chicago, Kerr. pp.
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the store--and the whole town, were owned by the Texas and
Pacific Coal Company
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in a remote area where virtually everyone is employed by one firm, such as a
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Building the
Workingman's Paradise: The Design of American Company Towns
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353:. Vol. 46, no. 2. Vinalhaven Island, Maine. pp. 149–168.
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374:. Government Printing Office. United States Bureau of Labor. p.
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295:(Paperback Edition, 1985 ed.). Univ of Hawaii Press. pp.
27:
Store selling almost exclusively to employees of a specific company
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Oysters, Macaroni, and Beer: Thurber, Texas, and the Company Store
176:
172:
64:
58:
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233:
Athey, Lou (1990). "The Company Store in Coal Town Culture".
292:
Pau Hana- Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii- 1835-1920
1396:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
103:
The songs Fishback mentions include the popular song "
380:
guide to state studies of company stores in the 1880s
163:
Possibly the first company store in the world was in
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171:started Hawaiiʻs first sugar plantation in 1835 at
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358:Tucker, Gene Rhea; Francaviglia, Richard (2012).
91:Regarding this reputation, economic historian
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8:
409:
395:
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57:Employee-only company stores often accept
2138:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
237:. Vol. 2, no. 1. pp. 6–23.
1982:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
659:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
111:Company stores outside the United States
29:
2163:Credentialism and educational inflation
225:
124:period (late 1800 to early 1900), the "
2034:List of countries by unemployment rate
7:
927:Practice-based professional learning
1480:Workers' right to access the toilet
25:
368:Wright, Carroll Davidson (1893).
2251:
2250:
1544:Corporate collapses and scandals
70:U.S. Coal and Coke Company Store
2044:Employment-to-population ratio
1416:Occupational health psychology
1:
2132:Works Progress Administration
2024:Unemployment Convention, 1919
1436:Personal protective equipment
984:Occupational Outlook Handbook
268:Turner, John Kenneth (1910).
2213:Psychopathy in the workplace
1386:Human factors and ergonomics
2198:Narcissism in the workplace
1411:Occupational exposure limit
314:Crawford, Margaret (1996).
248:Fishback, Price V. (1992).
2348:
2127:Civil Works Administration
2009:Technological unemployment
1485:Workplace health promotion
937:Professional certification
634:Personality–job fit theory
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2107:Guaranteed minimum income
1692:Organizational commitment
2276:Aspects of organizations
1957:Involuntary unemployment
1518:Equal pay for equal work
1441:Repetitive strain injury
942:Professional development
932:Professional association
614:Letter of recommendation
345:Excerpt and text search]
2261:Aspects of corporations
2223:Slow movement (culture)
2102:Employer of last resort
2004:Structural unemployment
1942:Frictional unemployment
1381:Epilepsy and employment
1268:Performance-related pay
1202:National average salary
1115:996 working hour system
289:Takaki, Ronald (1983).
2271:Aspects of occupations
2077:Unemployment insurance
2029:Unemployment extension
1999:Reserve army of labour
1804:Constructive dismissal
1611:Sleeping while on duty
1576:Exploitation of labour
1458:Sick building syndrome
629:Person–environment fit
499:Independent contractor
199:History of coal miners
120:In Mexico, during the
101:
76:
35:
2281:Aspects of workplaces
2019:Unemployment benefits
2014:Types of unemployment
1952:Graduate unemployment
1846:Letter of resignation
1475:Workers' compensation
1468:Occupational fatality
972:Vocational university
572:Employment counsellor
337:Green, Hardy (2010).
145:Mexican Liberal Party
97:
68:
33:
2087:Job creation program
1863:Mandatory retirement
1816:Employee offboarding
1636:Workplace incivility
1631:Workplace harassment
1406:Occupational disease
1401:Occupational burnout
1316:Disability insurance
1160:Workweek and weekend
1140:Retroactive overtime
962:Vocational education
877:Continuing education
715:Permanent employment
133:RĂo Blanco, Veracruz
79:Company stores were
1992:Recession-proof job
1987:Lists of recessions
1925:Economic depression
1873:Retirement planning
1754:Work–life interface
1591:Employee monitoring
1559:Corporate behaviour
1549:Accounting scandals
1431:Occupational stress
1421:Occupational injury
952:Reflective practice
947:Professional school
669:Work-at-home scheme
589:Induction programme
567:Employment contract
547:Business networking
175:, on the island of
74:Gary, West Virginia
2317:Working conditions
2255:See also templates
2092:Job creation index
2056:Youth unemployment
1920:Discouraged worker
1809:Wrongful dismissal
1789:At-will employment
1662:Civil conscription
1626:Workplace bullying
1513:Affirmative action
1495:Workplace wellness
1426:Occupational noise
1062:Long service leave
922:Overspecialization
902:Induction training
857:Career development
149:Mexican Revolution
77:
36:
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2203:Post-work society
2183:Kiss up kick down
1915:Barriers to entry
1880:Severance package
1712:Human trafficking
1606:Sexual harassment
1586:Employee handbook
1505:Equal opportunity
1368:Safety and health
1358:Take-home vehicle
967:Vocational school
917:Lifelong learning
892:Further education
852:Career counseling
847:Career assessment
624:Overqualification
93:Price V. Fishback
16:(Redirected from
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2291:Critique of work
2286:Corporate titles
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2173:Evil corporation
2039:Employment rates
1962:Jobless recovery
1930:Great Depression
1890:Golden parachute
1885:Golden handshake
1682:Job satisfaction
1672:Critique of work
1490:Workplace phobia
1321:Health insurance
1278:Wage compression
1246:Progressive wage
1100:35-hour workweek
1067:No call, no show
1057:Leave of absence
907:Knowledge worker
835:Master craftsman
639:Personality hire
577:Executive search
557:Curriculum vitae
542:Background check
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1977:Great Recession
1947:Full employment
1935:Long Depression
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343:. Basic Books.
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256:. p. 131.
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169:William Hooper
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2193:Make-work job
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2154:
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2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Right to work
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Job guarantee
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:Make-work job
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
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1955:
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1948:
1945:
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1931:
1928:
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1918:
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1910:
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1878:
1874:
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1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Restructuring
1851:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Notice period
1829:
1827:
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1807:
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1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Unfree labour
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Bonded labour
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
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1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Whistleblower
1619:
1617:
1614:
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1609:
1607:
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1599:
1597:
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1579:
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1572:
1569:
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1557:
1555:
1554:Control fraud
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1528:Glass ceiling
1526:
1524:
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1516:
1514:
1511:
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1502:
1496:
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1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
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1464:
1463:Work accident
1461:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:United States
1449:
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1437:
1434:
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1351:United States
1349:
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1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Casual Friday
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Paid time off
1261:
1259:
1258:Overtime rate
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:United States
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
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1200:
1198:
1195:
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1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
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1177:
1175:
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1161:
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1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Four-day week
1103:
1101:
1098:
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1023:
1017:
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1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
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989:Practice firm
987:
985:
982:
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977:
973:
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968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
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953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
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938:
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928:
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923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
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905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:Employability
885:
883:
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878:
875:
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873:
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868:
865:
863:
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853:
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836:
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831:
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823:
822:
820:
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814:
810:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:Orange-collar
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
738:
736:
735:Working class
732:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
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650:
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645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
609:Job interview
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
583:
580:
579:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
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548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
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530:
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520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:Part-time job
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
447:Full-time job
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
423:
419:
412:
407:
405:
400:
398:
393:
392:
389:
385:
377:
373:
372:
366:
361:
356:
352:
351:Maine History
347:
342:
341:
335:
331:
329:9780860916956
325:
320:
319:
312:
311:
310:
309:
298:
294:
293:
285:
282:
277:
273:
272:
264:
261:
255:
251:
244:
241:
236:
229:
226:
222:
221:
214:
210:
209:Company scrip
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
194:General store
192:
190:
187:
186:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
158:
156:
152:
150:
146:
141:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
115:
110:
108:
106:
100:
96:
94:
89:
87:
82:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:company store
32:
19:
2228:Toxic leader
2208:Presenteeism
2188:Labor rights
2178:Going postal
2153:Bullshit job
2136:
2121:
2116:
1907:Unemployment
1759:Downshifting
1742:Wage slavery
1722:Penal labour
1677:Dead-end job
1667:Conscription
1446:Right to sit
1301:Annual leave
1283:Working poor
1219:Minimum wage
1197:Maximum wage
1155:Working time
1145:Six-hour day
1042:Career break
1004:Professional
798:Black-collar
768:White-collar
748:Green-collar
725:Volunteering
562:Drug testing
552:Cover letter
492:Tradesperson
383:
370:
359:
350:
339:
317:
307:
306:
291:
284:
270:
263:
253:
243:
234:
228:
219:
218:
204:Truck system
162:
153:
142:
137:labor strike
130:
119:
105:Sixteen Tons
102:
98:
90:
86:debt slavery
81:monopolistic
78:
56:
48:company town
44:retail store
39:
37:
2117:Historical:
1841:Resignation
1781:Termination
1764:Slow living
1732:Truck wages
1717:Labour camp
1645:Willingness
1537:Infractions
1192:Living wage
1135:Remote work
803:Gold-collar
758:Pink-collar
753:Grey-collar
743:Blue-collar
710:Labour hire
685:Cooperative
649:Recruitment
604:Job hunting
537:Application
519:Wage labour
504:Labour hire
457:Job sharing
2311:Categories
2051:Wage curve
1858:Retirement
1771:Workaholic
1749:Work ethic
1616:Wage theft
1601:Labour law
1596:Evaluation
1581:Dress code
1346:Sick leave
1311:Child care
1273:Salary cap
1187:Income tax
1150:Shift work
1082:Time clock
1077:Sick leave
1072:Sabbatical
1037:Break room
1025:Attendance
994:Profession
979:Mentorship
957:Retraining
882:E-learning
778:New-collar
773:Red-collar
720:Supervisor
700:Internship
619:Onboarding
487:Technician
482:Journeyman
452:Gig worker
418:Employment
215:References
122:Porfiriato
2238:Workhouse
2158:Busy work
1972:Recession
1836:Pink slip
1794:Dismissal
1657:Careerism
1251:Singapore
1229:Hong Kong
1092:Schedules
1011:Tradesman
912:Licensure
872:Education
842:Avocation
783:No-collar
763:Precariat
644:Probation
599:Job fraud
258:Chapter 8
72:in 1946,
52:coal mine
2146:See also
2072:Workfare
1897:Turnover
1293:Benefits
1174:salaries
1130:Overtime
1120:Flextime
1052:Gap year
1047:Furlough
1016:Vocation
999:Operator
862:Coaching
817:training
695:Employer
690:Employee
594:Job fair
472:Side job
189:Clawback
183:See also
2122:U.S.A.:
1727:Peonage
1702:Slavery
1652:Boreout
1391:Karoshi
1341:Pension
1125:On-call
830:Artisan
514:Laborer
95:wrote:
1826:Layoff
1376:Crunch
1234:Europe
1224:Canada
1212:Europe
813:Career
654:Résumé
529:Hiring
437:Casual
326:
165:Hawaii
159:Hawaii
116:Mexico
1687:McJob
1207:World
1170:Wages
1032:Break
678:Roles
278:–174.
220:Notes
177:Kauai
173:Koloa
59:scrip
42:is a
1172:and
815:and
582:list
324:ISBN
705:Job
376:264
276:169
2313::
322:.
252:.
167:.
38:A
410:e
403:t
396:v
378:-
362:.
332:.
299:.
297:7
20:)
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