146:
25:
1029:
450:
of the scene is recorded or from which it is viewed (e.g., photographic negative, photographic print, computer monitor). When the centre of projection is at a finite distance from the projection plane, a
510:
545:
455:
projection is obtained. When the centre of projection is at infinity, all the projectors are parallel, and the corresponding subset of planar projections are referred to as
446:
The centre of projection can be thought of as the location of the observer, while the plane of projection is the surface on which the two dimensional projected
603:
1070:
992:
965:
1008:
612:
732:
46:
116:
579:
It is also used in maps to show the planet Earth and other planets or objects in space. This is good for maps of close-up areas.
97:
596:
392:
69:
1089:
855:
656:
50:
980:
970:
860:
679:
76:
975:
840:
780:
1063:
324:
35:
1094:
768:
589:
83:
54:
39:
568:
221:
65:
1099:
552:
452:
417:
191:
186:
167:
1056:
987:
937:
902:
880:
875:
564:
556:
474:
468:
830:
809:
753:
515:
294:
231:
713:
699:
643:
548:
299:
241:
172:
137:
845:
773:
661:
385:
359:
334:
304:
196:
162:
907:
895:
742:
737:
689:
179:
251:
216:
90:
957:
835:
651:
344:
289:
1040:
942:
932:
814:
802:
428:
329:
319:
763:
628:
620:
432:
421:
364:
354:
226:
912:
378:
309:
145:
1083:
917:
791:
721:
560:
409:
314:
274:
922:
885:
870:
865:
785:
726:
279:
236:
890:
758:
694:
349:
339:
24:
413:
284:
16:
3D projection in which points in 3D space are linearly mapped onto a 2D plane
256:
1028:
1036:
748:
246:
797:
927:
684:
581:
947:
633:
547:
on the projection plane. These transformations consist of various
447:
671:
439:. The lines connecting these points are commonly referred to as
585:
18:
1044:
435:
with the corresponding three-dimensional point and the
518:
477:
1001:
956:
823:
712:
670:
642:
619:
539:
504:
1064:
597:
471:acting on a point in three-dimensional space
386:
8:
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1071:
1057:
667:
604:
590:
582:
393:
379:
128:
525:
520:
517:
484:
479:
476:
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
467:Mathematically, planar projections are
136:
7:
1025:
1023:
1009:List of computer graphics algorithms
505:{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} _{x,y,z}}
51:adding citations to reliable sources
1043:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
540:{\displaystyle \mathbf {b} _{u,v}}
14:
1027:
521:
480:
144:
23:
1:
966:3D computer graphics software
551:of the five transformations:
427:. The projected point on the
781:Hidden-surface determination
325:Projection (linear algebra)
1116:
1022:
431:is chosen such that it is
463:Mathematical formulation
410:3D graphical projections
993:Vector graphics editors
988:Raster graphics editors
553:orthographic projection
418:three-dimensional space
192:Curvilinear perspective
168:Orthographic projection
876:Checkerboard rendering
541:
506:
469:linear transformations
187:Perspective projection
1090:Graphical projections
831:Affine transformation
810:Surface triangulation
754:Anisotropic filtering
542:
507:
295:Computer-aided design
232:Exploded view drawing
516:
475:
457:parallel projections
437:centre of projection
300:Descriptive geometry
173:Isometric projection
138:Graphical projection
47:improve this article
846:Collision detection
774:Global illumination
360:Video game graphics
335:Projective geometry
305:Engineering drawing
197:Reverse perspective
163:Parallel projection
132:Part of a series on
66:"Planar projection"
896:Scanline rendering
690:Parallax scrolling
680:Isometric graphics
537:
502:
408:are the subset of
406:Planar projections
180:Oblique projection
1095:Planes (geometry)
1052:
1051:
1017:
1016:
958:Graphics software
851:Planar projection
836:Back-face culling
708:
707:
652:Alpha compositing
613:Computer graphics
403:
402:
345:Technical drawing
290:Computer graphics
127:
126:
119:
101:
1107:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1037:geometry-related
1031:
1024:
943:Volume rendering
815:Wire-frame model
668:
606:
599:
592:
583:
546:
544:
543:
538:
536:
535:
524:
512:to give a point
511:
509:
508:
503:
501:
500:
483:
425:projection plane
414:linearly mapping
395:
388:
381:
330:Projection plane
320:Plans (drawings)
148:
129:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
27:
19:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1020:
1018:
1013:
997:
952:
819:
764:Fluid animation
704:
666:
638:
629:Diffusion curve
621:Vector graphics
615:
610:
577:
519:
514:
513:
478:
473:
472:
465:
422:two-dimensional
420:to points on a
412:constructed by
399:
370:
369:
365:Viewing frustum
355:Vanishing point
270:
262:
261:
252:Worm's-eye view
227:Cutaway drawing
217:Bird's-eye view
212:
204:
203:
158:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
44:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1100:Geometry stubs
1097:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1032:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
995:
990:
985:
984:
983:
978:
973:
962:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Shadow mapping
910:
905:
900:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
827:
825:
821:
820:
818:
817:
812:
807:
806:
805:
795:
788:
783:
778:
777:
776:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
740:
735:
729:
724:
718:
716:
710:
709:
706:
705:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
676:
674:
665:
664:
659:
654:
648:
646:
640:
639:
637:
636:
631:
625:
623:
617:
616:
611:
609:
608:
601:
594:
586:
576:
573:
534:
531:
528:
523:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
482:
464:
461:
401:
400:
398:
397:
390:
383:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
310:Map projection
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
194:
184:
183:
182:
177:
176:
175:
159:
154:
153:
150:
149:
141:
140:
134:
133:
125:
124:
107:September 2012
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1112:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1039:article is a
1038:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
989:
986:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
964:
963:
961:
959:
955:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:Shadow volume
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
822:
816:
813:
811:
808:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
793:
792:Triangle mesh
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:3D projection
720:
719:
717:
715:
711:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
675:
673:
669:
663:
662:Text-to-image
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
645:
641:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
607:
602:
600:
595:
593:
588:
587:
584:
580:
574:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
532:
529:
526:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
470:
462:
460:
458:
454:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
376:
374:
373:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
315:Picture plane
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
275:3D projection
273:
272:
266:
265:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
222:Cross section
220:
218:
215:
214:
208:
207:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
152:
151:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
131:
130:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1045:expanding it
1034:
1019:
923:Shear matrix
886:Path tracing
871:Cone tracing
866:Beam tracing
850:
786:Polygon mesh
727:3D rendering
578:
549:compositions
466:
456:
445:
440:
436:
424:
405:
404:
280:Anamorphosis
237:Fisheye lens
155:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
45:Please help
33:
938:Translation
891:Ray casting
881:Ray tracing
759:Cel shading
733:Image-based
714:3D graphics
695:Ray casting
644:2D graphics
569:perspective
565:translation
453:perspective
350:True length
340:Stereoscopy
1084:Categories
1002:Algorithms
856:Reflection
441:projectors
416:points in
285:Axonometry
242:Multiviews
77:newspapers
981:rendering
971:animation
861:Rendering
433:collinear
257:Zoom lens
34:does not
976:modeling
903:Rotation
841:Clipping
824:Concepts
803:Deferred
769:Lighting
749:Aliasing
743:Unbiased
738:Spectral
575:Map uses
557:rotation
247:Panorama
908:Scaling
798:Shading
91:scholar
55:removed
40:sources
928:Shader
700:Skybox
685:Mode 7
657:Layers
269:Topics
156:Planar
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1035:This
948:Voxel
933:Texel
634:Pixel
561:shear
448:image
429:plane
211:Views
98:JSTOR
84:books
1041:stub
672:2.5D
567:and
70:news
38:any
36:cite
443:.
49:by
1086::
571:.
563:,
559:,
555:,
459:.
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
1047:.
794:)
790:(
745:)
731:(
605:e
598:t
591:v
533:v
530:,
527:u
522:b
498:z
495:,
492:y
489:,
486:x
481:a
394:e
387:t
380:v
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
57:.
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.