264:
186:
660:
554:
The ALINA lander would deploy two lunar rovers, but none of the three spacecraft are designed to endure the long lunar night. The three spacecraft are technology demonstrators to showcase the lander's capabilities, including landing near the desired landing zone, roving, and real-time communication.
672:
In addition of hardware for a live video broadcast, the lander and rovers will carry commercial or scientific instruments for a fee. The lander, ALINA, has a capacity for 100 kg (220 lb) including the two 30 kg rovers, and each rover has a capacity for 5 kg (11 lb) payload.
638:
The rovers' projected maximum speed is 3.6 km/h (2.2 mph), and they will carry two stereo cameras to acquire 3D images, mounted to a moving head at the front of the vehicle. ALINA lander will communicate with the rovers using technology based on
892:
133:
competition on June 24, 2009, but failed to reach the finals in 2017 for lack of a launch contract. During the summer of 2019, the company filed for bankruptcy, and the ALINA project was put on hold. In July 2021, PTS was selected with
570:
ALINA is a lunar lander with a launch mass of 1,250 kg (2,760 lb) and a landing mass of about 320 kg (710 lb). Its main engines are in a cluster of eight, each generating 200 newtons. It also features eight
157:
in 2015. It sells payload for the Moon mission to individuals, organizations and companies. The cost for one kilogram of payload is between €700,000 and €800,000. Furthermore, the know-how of the team is available as a
4400:
1181:
635:(ALQ). The rovers feature four-wheel drive tranmision where each wheel is able to pivot 360° for special maneuvers, and their solar panel is able to tilt in the direction of the Sun for best power generation.
889:
4496:
606:
in 1972 during the Apollo 17 mission. PTScientists have pledged to preserve this and all other NASA and Soviet lunar landers and rovers as "world heritage" and through their support for
129:, is a Berlin-based aerospace company. They developed the robotic lunar lander "ALINA" and seek to land on the Moon with it. They became the first German team to officially enter the
1043:
730:
to extract natural resources. PTScientists were awarded a subcontract and are responsible for the payload delivery portion of the study. The mission would be launched on an
1189:
4687:
4383:
1371:
4000:
3400:
3380:
1785:
4301:
208:
751:
2249:
940:
1683:
218:. In a two-hour presentation, the team provided a detailed overview of all parts of the project. This was the first time the European-made private
575:
thrusters generating 10 newtons each. ALINA is built to host three general types of payload, which are rovers, stationary and orbital (deployment of
1210:
1088:
1254:
803:
726:
In
January 2019, ESA contractor Ariane Group announced that it has received a one-year contract from ESA to study a lunar lander concept to mine
4354:
3458:
3375:
245:
4791:
2777:
684:
and initial plant growth when subject to the combined effects of lunar gravity and lunar surface radiation. The experiment will try to grow
4796:
3076:
2782:
922:
3757:
3749:
3743:
3739:
2480:
2475:
1954:
1761:
1069:
Berlin-based New Space company PTScientists and
European space company ArianeGroup agree on far-reaching cooperation for lunar missions.
4693:
1797:
1790:
1364:
4539:
4457:
4159:
3993:
3686:
3587:
2997:
2916:
1766:
1729:
1284:
558:
By late 2016, PTScientists had secured agreements to deliver payloads from the U.S., Canada and Sweden, but only one payload (from
263:
1127:
1040:
4516:
3395:
648:
992:
4447:
3960:
3859:
3112:
2697:
1739:
240:
was announced as a main sponsor and the rover developer. As a result of this cooperation, the two identical rovers were named
4822:
4478:
1009:
1164:
873:
777:
1226:
4817:
4545:
2670:
1676:
1357:
1148:
225:
Early 2015 the team won awards in the categories
Mobility and Vision, and a total of $ 750,000 in the Milestone Prizes of
4512:
3986:
3945:
3410:
3370:
3193:
3152:
2924:
1895:
1826:
1692:
676:
During its first mission, the lander is envisaged to carry three customer payloads, including an experiment designed by
215:
690:(a flowering plant), basil, sunflowers, and turnips in a sealed "biosphere" cylinder about 10 cm in diameter with
4569:
3916:
3390:
3319:
3252:
2727:
1112:
572:
4305:
3451:
3284:
1559:
1546:
4575:
4452:
4442:
4232:
3955:
3889:
3274:
3046:
2752:
2058:
1913:
4743:
3971:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
3355:
1669:
1511:
1299:
695:
1343:
944:
4618:
3894:
3864:
3645:
3633:
3405:
3314:
3242:
3162:
3157:
3082:
2470:
2465:
2129:
1900:
1704:
1551:
1312:
644:
4722:
4432:
3230:
3127:
2591:
1483:
153:
is the company representing the team competing at the Google Lunar X-Prize. The company opened offices in
4602:
3879:
3844:
3796:
3710:
3700:
3624:
3444:
3200:
3142:
3070:
3064:
2662:
2652:
2500:
1778:
1734:
1488:
640:
200:
The PTScientists team formed in June 2009 as "Part-Time
Scientists", when ten teams had already entered
163:
139:
4712:
4669:
4531:
4437:
4242:
4237:
3789:
3670:
3661:
3572:
3562:
3552:
3365:
3360:
3334:
3309:
2422:
1821:
1380:
677:
591:
559:
226:
201:
130:
4737:
4551:
4488:
4411:
4273:
4189:
4181:
4055:
4024:
3247:
3224:
3186:
2757:
2311:
2090:
1493:
1276:
703:
185:
177:
products for the Moon mission. PTScientists lists several partners and sponsors in their web site.
851:
587:
492:
194:
4717:
4468:
4364:
4206:
4109:
4086:
4075:
3910:
3834:
3806:
3733:
3675:
3513:
3505:
3132:
3058:
3028:
2596:
2149:
1836:
1416:
965:
664:
619:
479:
472:
4612:
4359:
4295:
4200:
4015:
3279:
3122:
2936:
2787:
2267:
1280:
204:(GLXP), which had started in 2007. Later the company PTScientists GmbH (Limited) was founded.
17:
2986:
2980:
2974:
207:
On August 22–23, 2009, the PTScientists presented their project at the Open Doors Day of the
4563:
4423:
3938:
3257:
3236:
3052:
2732:
2219:
1754:
839:
607:
603:
154:
4080:
3385:
3263:
2840:
2692:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
1744:
1724:
1421:
1152:
1093:
1047:
996:
896:
877:
535:
In March 2017, the group announced that they planned to perform the world's first private
2682:
1884:
4250:
4246:
4211:
4063:
3884:
3544:
1904:
1831:
1749:
1719:
1647:
1478:
752:"German Team Part-time-scientists Enters $ 30 Million Google Lunar X Prize Competition"
727:
680:, called Lunar Plant Growth Experiment (LPX). This is an experiment for investigating
4811:
4765:
4590:
4032:
3921:
3849:
3650:
3638:
3339:
2857:
2737:
2646:
2393:
2123:
2118:
1878:
1399:
989:
715:
711:
707:
599:
174:
4771:
4727:
4506:
3869:
3829:
3596:
2904:
2460:
2302:
1841:
1641:
1603:
1541:
1533:
1506:
1454:
1444:
699:
691:
659:
539:
with a mission they now simply call "Mission to the Moon". A landing module called
536:
4428:
4321:
3784:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3487:
3137:
3011:
3005:
2702:
2570:
2565:
2490:
2323:
2318:
2159:
2113:
2108:
2103:
1949:
1944:
1661:
1211:
Mission to the Moon Seeks Middle East
Partners In Science and Resource Exploration
1165:
PTScientists 'Mission to the Moon' to Take Care Not to Harm Apollo 17 Landing Site
1068:
166:
was studying six private companies, including PTScientists, to work on potential
4777:
4521:
4369:
4316:
4311:
4262:
4217:
4194:
4142:
4130:
4114:
4092:
4069:
4038:
3874:
3839:
3467:
3304:
3040:
2896:
2864:
2414:
2139:
2134:
1522:
1409:
1113:
Part Time
Scientists reserves rocket to land Audi moon rovers at Apollo 17 site.
870:
686:
681:
445:
219:
135:
1145:
4389:
3950:
3778:
3529:
3519:
3289:
2888:
2872:
2849:
2747:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2455:
2450:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
1629:
1567:
1404:
1089:"European rocket scientists pledge to make first private Moon landing in 2018"
781:
159:
4651:
4624:
4596:
4394:
4281:
4153:
4147:
4136:
4098:
3854:
3695:
3576:
3566:
3556:
3329:
3179:
3034:
2948:
2880:
2762:
2676:
2586:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2229:
2224:
2098:
2083:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
1814:
1809:
1617:
1610:
1572:
1459:
1146:
45 years after the last step on the moon, we are ready to take the next one.
827:
731:
583:
582:
This mission aims to land 3 to 5 km (1.9 to 3.1 mi) away from the
548:
435:
190:
42:
579:), but for its first mission it will deploy two rovers and no satellites.
214:
On
December 28, 2009, the team presented their mission at the 26th annual
4681:
4663:
4657:
4630:
4473:
4348:
4342:
4286:
4222:
3324:
3299:
3294:
2767:
2399:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2076:
1986:
1873:
1501:
694:
systems. A miniature camera will photograph any growth. Research in such
4675:
4639:
4557:
4501:
4463:
4379:
4256:
4227:
3824:
3706:
3533:
3523:
3269:
3147:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2687:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2234:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
1928:
1449:
1349:
1242:
1010:
Inside Audi's wonderfully improbable project to put a rover on the Moon
576:
3978:
1128:
Private space company to return to Apollo 17 landing site – carefully!
4732:
4645:
4584:
4419:
4374:
4336:
4326:
4104:
3753:
3729:
3482:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2772:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2484:
2328:
2262:
2257:
2239:
1970:
1923:
1918:
1890:
1868:
1802:
1635:
1439:
1394:
519:
515:
233:
908:
778:"ArianeGroup and PTScientists to study lunar lander mission for ESA"
647:. In turn, the lander will communicate with Earth Control using the
941:"Deutsches Team will Mond erobern und 30 Millionen Dollar gewinnen"
623:(ALQ) rovers are being developed by German automobile manufacturer
4608:
4044:
2742:
2154:
2144:
1623:
658:
298:
184:
4331:
4291:
3721:
2930:
2404:
1773:
1714:
1696:
624:
595:
460:
237:
167:
3982:
3440:
3436:
1665:
1353:
880:. PTScientists' lunar mission home page. Accessed 12 July 2018.
16:"Part-Time Scientists" redirects here. Not to be confused with
4704:
1227:
Calling the Moon: Startup to put cellphone tower on the Moon.
3423:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
1337:
1271:
I. I. Gitelson; G. M. Lisovsky & R. D. MacElroy (2003).
1313:"Need Oxygen On Mars? Get It From Bacteria! : SCIENCE"
977:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1182:"Vodafone and Nokia to create first 4G network on Moon"
1050:. (PDF) PTScientists. 2018. Accessed on 3 January 2019.
899:
auf mission-to-the-moon.shop. Accessed
Oktober 15, 2017
923:"26C3: Wie eine Handvoll Hacker den Mond erobern will"
590:
lunar valley, to locate and film from a distance the
4756:
4703:
4530:
4487:
4410:
4272:
4180:
4173:
4123:
4054:
4023:
4014:
3930:
3903:
3817:
3771:
3720:
3685:
3660:
3623:
3586:
3543:
3504:
3497:
3474:
3348:
3214:
3171:
3105:
3096:
3021:
2996:
2947:
2915:
2839:
2830:
2661:
2579:
2499:
2413:
2301:
2248:
2068:
2008:
1999:
1979:
1963:
1937:
1861:
1852:
1703:
1596:
1468:
1432:
1387:
511:
506:
488:
467:
459:
441:
431:
423:
418:
400:
390:
380:
370:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
323:
307:
293:
285:
277:
107:
102:
94:
86:
72:
64:
56:
48:
38:
30:
189:The planned landing site for ALINA is next to the
1245:LPX Experiment. NASA. Accessed on 5 January 2019.
840:ptscientists.com/products/engineering-consultancy
828:ptscientists.com/products/payload ALINA's payload
1255:NASA's Next Frontier: Growing Plants On The Moon
257:ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module)
1108:
1106:
1104:
966:Google Lunar XPrize Milestone Awards Announced
170:payload delivery to the Moon surface by 2025.
3994:
3452:
3401:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
1677:
1365:
866:
864:
862:
860:
804:"ArianeGroup wins ESA's "ASTRIS" competition"
771:
769:
8:
3381:List of species that have landed on the Moon
1083:
1081:
256:
222:prototype had been presented to the public.
25:
1346:official website of the Mission to the Moon
854:. PTScientists News Release. 26 April 2018.
209:Federal Ministry for Education and Research
4177:
4020:
4001:
3987:
3979:
3501:
3459:
3445:
3437:
3102:
2836:
2005:
1858:
1684:
1670:
1662:
1372:
1358:
1350:
1071:PTScientists' Press Release, published by
262:
255:
24:
1041:ALINA: Starter Payload User Guide (2018)
631:, while the two flight rovers are named
541:Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module
386:Rovers: 5 kg (11 lb) max. each
1141:
1139:
743:
3376:List of artificial objects on the Moon
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
384:ALINA: 100 kg (220 lb) max.
376:Fuel mass: 930 kg (2,050 lb)
246:North American International Auto Show
119:Planetary Transportation Systems (PTS)
4792:List of proposed missions to the Moon
852:Giving ESA a helping hand to the Moon
26:Planetary Transportation Systems GmbH
7:
4797:List of proposed space observatories
4160:Chinese Crewed Lunar Landing Mission
3830:Audi Lunar Quattro Ă—2 (PTScientists)
3077:International Lunar Research Station
366:Rovers: 30 kg (66 lb) each
921:online, heise (December 28, 2009).
551:rocket to the surface of the Moon.
232:During the Advertising Festival in
173:An additional source of income are
1791:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
702:and the development of biological
14:
4458:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
1273:Manmade Closed Ecological Systems
364:ALINA: ~320 kg (710 lb)
3396:Moon landing conspiracy theories
776:Foust, Jeff (January 22, 2019).
649:European Space Operations Centre
643:chips, Nokia, and Vodafone's 4G
627:. The prototype rover is called
374:ALINA: 220 kg (490 lb)
252:Planned demo mission to the Moon
3961:List of extraterrestrial rovers
3113:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
1155:Audi. Accessed: 1 October 2018.
311:one lunar day (28 days) maximum
162:service. As of April 2018, the
706:for long duration missions in
356:1,250 kg (2,760 lb)
1:
1340:official PTScientists website
1302:. Mamta Patel Nagaraja, NASA.
547:) would launch in 2021 on an
3946:List of missions to the Moon
3411:List of crewed lunar landers
3371:List of missions to the Moon
3194:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
3153:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope
2925:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
2240:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)
1896:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
830:. Accessed October 15, 2017.
394:ALINA: 2.6 m Ă— 2.2 m Ă— 1.8 m
216:Chaos Communication Congress
3253:International Lunar Network
281:Robotic lander and 2 rovers
4839:
4636:ISS Deorbit Vehicle (2030)
1560:Rocket City Space Pioneers
1547:Penn State Lunar Lion Team
268:ALINA lander and ALQ rover
15:
4787:
3969:
3956:Rover (space exploration)
3890:Space Exploration Vehicle
3419:
2059:List of Apollo astronauts
1215:Spacewatch - Middle East.
1151:October 13, 2018, at the
909:ptscientists.com/partners
842:Accessed Oktober 15, 2017
754:. SpaceRef. June 27, 2009
696:closed ecological systems
529:
525:
502:
498:
455:
451:
414:
410:
319:
315:
273:
261:
4744:Uranus Orbiter and Probe
3356:Colonization of the Moon
1046:January 6, 2019, at the
3406:Apollo 11 anniversaries
3243:European Lunar Explorer
2466:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
1344:mission-to-the-moon.com
876:March 23, 2019, at the
2592:Emirates Lunar Mission
1606:(Part-Time Scientists)
1167:. Robert Z. Pearlman,
895:June 25, 2018, at the
669:
562:) has been disclosed.
197:
142:'s ASTRIS kick-stage.
4823:Proposed space probes
4603:Venus Orbiter Mission
3797:Lunar Terrain Vehicle
3711:Peregrine Mission One
3701:Peregrine Mission One
3201:Lunar Orbital Station
2653:Peregrine Mission One
995:July 4, 2016, at the
911:. Accessed 2016-10-15
662:
608:For All Moonkind Inc.
324:Spacecraft properties
188:
164:European Space Agency
4818:Google Lunar X Prize
3553:Lunar Roving Vehicle
3366:List of lunar probes
3361:Google Lunar X Prize
3310:Project Harvest Moon
2423:Lunar Roving Vehicle
1903:(relay satellite at
1542:Part-Time Scientists
1381:Google Lunar X Prize
1300:Greenhouses for Mars
1277:Taylor & Francis
704:life support systems
592:Lunar Roving Vehicle
586:landing site in the
468:Spacecraft component
236:, on June 23, 2015,
202:Google Lunar X-Prize
131:Google Lunar X-Prize
127:Part-Time Scientists
121:, formerly known as
98:Lunar transportation
4009:Future spaceflights
3917:Resource Prospector
3391:Apollo 17 Moon mice
3320:Resource Prospector
3248:First Lunar Outpost
3231:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg 1
3187:Boeing Lunar Lander
2312:Apollo Lunar Module
2126:(propulsion module)
2091:Apollo Lunar Module
1693:Spacecraft missions
1494:Barcelona Moon Team
1118:. 29 November 2016.
1012:Accessed 2016-03-29
999:Accessed 2016-06-27
990:Mission to the Moon
980:Accessed 2016-06-27
968:Accessed 2016-03-29
802:admin-arianegroup.
651:(ESTRACK) network.
299:mission-to-the-moon
258:
193:lander, located at
27:
4087:Boeing Starliner-1
3942:(2007 documentary)
3835:Deep Space Systems
3807:Hakuto-R Mission 2
3734:Hakuto-R Mission 1
3676:Hakuto-R Mission 1
3486:(2019–present, on
3059:Cislunar Explorers
1417:X Prize Foundation
1229:Tereza Pultarova,
1171:. 7 December 2017.
670:
633:Audi Lunar Quattro
620:Audi Lunar Quattro
480:Audi Lunar Quattro
473:Audi Lunar Quattro
242:Audi Lunar Quattro
198:
4805:
4804:
4752:
4751:
4613:Comet Interceptor
4577:Rosalind Franklin
4296:Lunar Trailblazer
4169:
4168:
3976:
3975:
3875:OrbitBeyond rover
3767:
3766:
3434:
3433:
3280:Lunar Mission One
3237:#dearMoon project
3210:
3209:
3092:
3091:
2937:Lunar Trailblazer
2826:
2825:
2268:Moon Impact Probe
1995:
1994:
1659:
1658:
1233:. 11 August 2017.
1097:. March 19, 2017.
533:
532:
151:PTScientists GmbH
146:PTScientists GmbH
116:
115:
18:citizen scientist
4830:
4178:
4021:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3980:
3939:Tank on the Moon
3855:Luna-Grunt rover
3810:
3502:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3438:
3103:
3053:Lunar Pathfinder
2837:
2733:Lunar Flashlight
2220:Lunar Prospector
2006:
1887:(service module)
1859:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1498:C-Base Open Moon
1374:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1338:ptscientists.com
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1268:
1262:
1257:. Tarun Wadhwa,
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1192:on March 9, 2018
1188:. Archived from
1186:www.vodafone.com
1178:
1172:
1162:
1156:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1099:
1098:
1085:
1076:
1066:
1051:
1038:
1013:
1006:
1000:
987:
981:
978:ptscientists.com
975:
969:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
943:. Archived from
937:
931:
930:
918:
912:
906:
900:
887:
881:
868:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
773:
764:
763:
761:
759:
748:
722:ESA lander study
665:Audi Lunar Rover
604:Harrison Schmitt
573:attitude control
419:Start of mission
308:Mission duration
303:
300:
266:
259:
244:during the 2016
155:Berlin-Mahlsdorf
112:
109:
28:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4783:
4758:
4748:
4699:
4526:
4483:
4406:
4268:
4165:
4119:
4081:Axiom Mission 4
4050:
4010:
4007:
3977:
3972:
3965:
3926:
3899:
3813:
3801:
3763:
3732:(2022–2023, on
3716:
3681:
3674:(2022–2023, on
3656:
3619:
3600:(2013–2016, on
3582:
3539:
3522:(1970–1971, on
3514:Lunokhod 0 (1A)
3493:
3470:
3465:
3435:
3430:
3415:
3386:Lunar resources
3344:
3216:
3206:
3167:
3098:
3088:
3017:
2992:
2943:
2911:
2832:
2822:
2657:
2649:(Chandrayaan-2)
2580:Failed landings
2575:
2495:
2471:(Chandrayaan-3)
2409:
2396:(Chandrayaan-3)
2297:
2244:
2195:Lunar Orbiter 1
2064:
2009:Crewed landings
2001:
1991:
1975:
1959:
1933:
1908:
1854:
1848:
1740:Lunar Precursor
1707:
1699:
1690:
1660:
1655:
1592:
1530:Next Giant Leap
1469:Withdrawn teams
1464:
1428:
1422:Peter Diamandis
1383:
1378:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1225:
1221:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1153:Wayback Machine
1144:
1137:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1102:
1094:Daily Telegraph
1087:
1086:
1079:
1067:
1054:
1048:Wayback Machine
1039:
1016:
1007:
1003:
997:Wayback Machine
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
950:
948:
939:
938:
934:
920:
919:
915:
907:
903:
897:Wayback Machine
888:
884:
878:Wayback Machine
869:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
826:
822:
812:
810:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
775:
774:
767:
757:
755:
750:
749:
745:
740:
724:
657:
615:
568:
405:
395:
385:
375:
365:
337:Spacecraft type
297:
269:
254:
183:
148:
106:
82:
78:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4836:
4834:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4810:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:(11 September)
4775:
4774:(10 September)
4769:
4762:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4510:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4387:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4299:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4212:Europa Clipper
4209:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4064:SpaceX Crew-10
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3983:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3799:
3794:
3782:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3747:
3737:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:Ă— 5 (2024, on
3704:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3642:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3609:Yidong Xiangji
3605:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3560:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3517:
3510:
3508:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3285:Lunar Observer
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2080:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1644:(Synergy Moon)
1639:
1633:
1627:
1626:(Moon Express)
1621:
1615:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1583:Team Phoenicia
1581:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:Independence-X
1509:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1433:Finalist teams
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1332:External links
1330:
1327:
1326:
1304:
1292:
1285:
1263:
1247:
1235:
1219:
1203:
1173:
1157:
1135:
1120:
1100:
1077:
1075:on 8 May 2019.
1052:
1014:
1001:
982:
970:
958:
947:on May 2, 2015
932:
913:
901:
882:
856:
844:
832:
820:
794:
765:
742:
741:
739:
736:
728:lunar regolith
723:
720:
712:space habitats
708:space stations
656:
653:
614:
611:
594:left there by
588:Taurus–Littrow
567:
564:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
513:
509:
508:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
493:Taurus–Littrow
490:
486:
485:
469:
465:
464:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
443:
439:
438:
433:
429:
428:
425:
421:
420:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
402:
398:
397:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
346:
342:
341:
338:
334:
333:
330:
326:
325:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
295:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
253:
250:
195:Taurus–Littrow
182:
179:
147:
144:
114:
113:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
32:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4835:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4755:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4713:Europa Lander
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4591:Solar-C EUVST
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4263:SpainSat NG I
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4033:SpaceX Crew-9
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4004:
3999:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Lunar Cruiser
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3651:Chandrayaan-3
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:Chandrayaan-2
3636:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:Lunar Gateway
2855:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2829:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Lunar IceCube
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2501:Sample return
2498:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:Chandrayaan-3
2122:
2120:
2119:Chandrayaan-1
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:Chandrayaan-2
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:Lunar Orbiter
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1527:Mystical Moon
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Sundar Pichai
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1286:0-415-29998-5
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:Collect Space
1114:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
986:
983:
979:
974:
971:
967:
962:
959:
946:
942:
936:
933:
928:
924:
917:
914:
910:
905:
902:
898:
894:
891:
886:
883:
879:
875:
872:
867:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
848:
845:
841:
836:
833:
829:
824:
821:
809:
805:
798:
795:
783:
779:
772:
770:
766:
753:
747:
744:
737:
735:
733:
729:
721:
719:
717:
716:space farming
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:
683:
679:
674:
667:
666:
661:
654:
652:
650:
646:
642:
636:
634:
630:
629:Asimov Jr. R3
626:
622:
621:
612:
610:
609:
605:
601:
600:Eugene Cernan
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
565:
563:
561:
556:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
528:
524:
521:
517:
514:
510:
505:
501:
497:
494:
491:
487:
483:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
413:
409:
403:
399:
393:
389:
383:
379:
373:
369:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
265:
260:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
223:
221:
217:
212:
210:
205:
203:
196:
192:
187:
180:
178:
176:
175:merchandising
171:
169:
165:
161:
156:
152:
145:
143:
141:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
111:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
23:
19:
4772:Polaris Dawn
4728:Nano-JASMINE
4576:
4564:MBR Explorer
4507:NEO Surveyor
4133:(March 2026)
3937:
3870:Moon Express
3802:
3788:
3756:) (2024, on
3694:
3669:
3644:
3632:
3608:
3595:
3481:
3468:Lunar rovers
3424:
3275:Lunar Lander
3262:
3235:
3223:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3117:
3079:(late 2020s)
2905:Artemis VIII
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2856:
2848:
2683:Chang'e 5-T1
2675:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2310:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
1885:Chang'e 5-T1
1798:South Korean
1648:
1632:(Astrobotic)
1609:
1534:Odyssey Moon
1455:Synergy Moon
1445:Moon Express
1317:. Retrieved
1315:. Tech Times
1307:
1295:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1243:Lunar Plants
1238:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:the original
1185:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1092:
1072:
1004:
985:
973:
961:
949:. Retrieved
945:the original
935:
927:heise online
926:
916:
904:
885:
847:
835:
823:
811:. Retrieved
807:
797:
787:November 26,
785:. Retrieved
758:November 26,
756:. Retrieved
746:
725:
700:astrobiology
692:life-support
685:
675:
671:
663:
637:
632:
628:
618:
616:
581:
569:
566:ALINA lander
557:
553:
544:
540:
537:Moon landing
534:
507:Transponders
489:Landing site
478:
477:(ALQ-1) and
471:
406:Rovers: 90 W
381:Payload mass
361:Landing mass
348:PTScientists
345:Manufacturer
340:lunar lander
289:PTScientists
278:Mission type
248:in Detroit.
241:
231:
224:
213:
206:
199:
172:
150:
149:
126:
123:PTScientists
122:
118:
117:
90:Lunar lander
73:Headquarters
60:Robert Böhme
31:Company type
22:
4778:Soyuz MS-26
4740:(mid 2020s)
4678:(2031–2032)
4633:(2029–2031)
4522:Superbird-9
4509:(September)
4460:(2026–2027)
4370:Space Rider
4317:Gaganyaan-3
4312:Gaganyaan-2
4259:(September)
4233:Hakuto-R M2
4218:Gaganyaan-1
4197:(September)
4195:Bion-M No.2
4143:Gaganyaan-5
4131:Soyuz MS-29
4115:Gaganyaan-4
4110:Shenzhou 21
4101:(September)
4095:(September)
4093:Soyuz MS-28
4076:Shenzhou 20
4070:Soyuz MS-27
4047:(late 2024)
4039:Shenzhou 19
4035:(September)
3860:LUPEX rover
3625:Chandrayaan
3305:OrbitBeyond
3215:Cancelled /
3083:Argonaut M1
3041:Beresheet 2
3029:Hakuto-R M2
2897:Artemis VII
2865:Artemis III
2703:Longjiang-1
2597:Hakuto-R M1
2160:Longjiang-2
2135:Explorer 35
1779:Chandrayaan
1705:Exploration
1652:(AngelicvM)
1620:(TeamIndus)
1618:HHK-1 / ECA
1589:Team SELENE
1586:Team Plan B
1580:Team Italia
1538:Omega Envoy
1523:Micro-Space
1410:Sergey Brin
1319:November 8,
1008:The Verge:
871:The Mission
808:ArianeGroup
687:Arabidopsis
682:germination
598:astronauts
446:ArianeGroup
424:Launch date
353:Launch mass
220:lunar rover
136:ArianeGroup
4812:Categories
4766:TĂĽrksat 6A
4390:SSC Demo-1
4386:(February)
4339:(February)
4265:(November)
4201:Blue Ghost
4066:(February)
4041:(November)
3951:Mars rover
3911:Lunokhod 3
3865:Moon Diver
3779:MoonRanger
3742:(2024, on
3699:(2024, on
3649:(2023, on
3637:(2019, on
3612:(2024, on
3532:(1973, on
3530:Lunokhod 2
3520:Lunokhod 1
3315:Prospector
3290:Lunokhod 3
3163:Moon Diver
3158:McCandless
3071:MoonRanger
2889:Artemis VI
2873:Artemis IV
2850:Artemis II
2748:Mariner 10
2637:Surveyor 2
2632:OMOTENASHI
2451:Lunokhod 1
2369:Surveyor 1
2130:Clementine
1597:Spacecraft
1568:Selenokhod
1489:Astrobotic
1405:Larry Page
1388:Organizers
1217:July 2017.
1169:Yahoo News
1131:Spacewatch
782:Space News
738:References
613:ALQ rovers
442:Contractor
391:Dimensions
329:Spacecraft
160:consulting
4652:Spektr-UV
4646:SAOCOM-2B
4625:Tianwen-4
4597:Tianwen-3
4585:SAOCOM-2A
4546:Dragonfly
4540:Chang'e 8
4443:ispace M3
4429:Chang'e 7
4395:Tianwen-2
4322:Garatéa-L
4298:(January)
4253:(October)
4214:(October)
4154:Artemis 5
4148:Artemis 4
4137:Artemis 3
4099:Artemis 2
3904:Cancelled
3895:Team Puli
3803:TENACIOUS
3785:Chang'e 7
3614:Chang'e 6
3602:Chang'e 3
3577:Apollo 17
3567:Apollo 16
3557:Apollo 15
3488:Chang'e 4
3330:Ukrselena
3180:DSE-Alpha
3138:Garatéa-L
3128:Blue Moon
3123:Artemis-7
3047:ispace M3
3012:Chang'e 8
3006:Chang'e 7
2949:Luna-Glob
2881:Artemis V
2763:Pioneer 4
2753:NEA Scout
2728:LunaH-Map
2677:Apollo 13
2587:Beresheet
2566:Chang'e 5
2510:Apollo 11
2429:Apollo 15
2319:Chang'e 5
2250:Impactors
2104:Chang'e 1
2099:Artemis I
2017:Apollo 11
1945:Chang'e 3
1901:Queqiao 1
1815:Luna-Glob
1630:Peregrine
1614:(SpaceIL)
1611:Beresheet
1573:SpaceMETA
1552:Team Puli
1479:AngelicvM
1460:TeamIndus
1196:March 14,
734:in 2025.
732:Ariane 64
678:NASA Ames
584:Apollo 17
560:NASA Ames
549:Ariane 64
436:Ariane 64
191:Apollo 17
138:to build
43:Aerospace
4768:(8 July)
4759:launched
4757:Recently
4682:LiteBIRD
4664:EnVision
4658:Spektr-M
4631:Venera-D
4474:ULTRASAT
4433:Rashid 2
4351:Series B
4349:MetOp-SG
4345:Series A
4343:MetOp-SG
4287:ESCAPADE
4251:Juventas
4223:GOSAT-GW
4174:Uncrewed
4089:(August)
4083:(Spring)
3845:HERACLES
3818:Proposed
3793:) (2026)
3790:Rashid 2
3506:Lunokhod
3325:SELENE-2
3300:MoonRise
3295:MoonLITE
3217:concepts
3143:ISOCHRON
3099:missions
3097:Proposed
2833:missions
2768:Ranger 5
2400:EagleCam
2273:Ranger 4
2077:Apollo 8
2069:Orbiters
2002:missions
1987:ArgoMoon
1919:Tiandu-1
1874:CAPSTONE
1862:Orbiters
1855:missions
1837:Lunokhod
1786:Japanese
1755:Surveyor
1715:American
1708:programs
1638:(Hakuto)
1556:Quantum3
1519:LunaTrex
1502:Euroluna
1475:Advaeros
1231:Fox News
1149:Archived
1073:SpeceRef
1044:Archived
993:Archived
951:July 23,
893:Archived
874:Archived
813:July 15,
641:Infineon
577:CubeSats
371:Dry mass
286:Operator
95:Services
87:Products
39:Industry
4738:TEREX-1
4676:DAVINCI
4670:VERITAS
4660:(2030+)
4640:Luna 28
4619:Harmony
4558:Luna 27
4552:JASMINE
4502:Luna 26
4464:Xuntian
4403:(April)
4401:TRACERS
4380:SPHEREx
4337:LOXSAT1
4308:(April)
4306:SWFO-L1
4282:DESTINY
4257:PROBA-3
4228:GSAT-20
4190:Biomass
4162:(~2030)
4072:(March)
3931:Related
3880:Polaris
3825:ATHLETE
3772:Planned
3707:Colmena
3646:Pragyan
3634:Pragyan
3575:(1972,
3565:(1972,
3555:(1971,
3534:Luna 21
3524:Luna 17
3425:italics
3349:Related
3270:Lunar-A
3148:LunaNet
3106:Robotic
3073:(2020s)
3067:(2020s)
3061:(2020s)
3035:DESTINY
2989:(2030s)
2987:Luna 31
2983:(2030s)
2981:Luna 30
2977:(2030s)
2975:Luna 29
2969:Luna 28
2963:Luna 27
2957:Luna 26
2933:(2025)
2841:Artemis
2831:Planned
2693:Galileo
2688:Geotail
2551:Luna 16
2491:Jinchan
2303:Landers
2235:SMART-1
2165:Luna 10
1938:Landers
1929:ICUBE-Q
1881:Orbiter
1869:ARTEMIS
1810:Russian
1767:Chang'e
1762:Chinese
1745:Pioneer
1725:Artemis
1695:to the
1577:STELLAR
1507:FREDNET
1450:SpaceIL
1261:. 2013.
1133:. 2017.
890:Imprint
698:inform
655:Payload
484:(ALQ-2)
404:ALINA:
396:Rovers:
294:Website
181:History
103:Website
81:Germany
57:Founder
49:Founded
34:Private
4733:PETREL
4696:(2035)
4690:(2035)
4688:Athena
4684:(2032)
4672:(2031)
4666:(2031)
4654:(2030)
4648:(2030)
4642:(2030)
4627:(2029)
4621:(2029)
4615:(2029)
4605:(2028)
4599:(2028)
4593:(2028)
4587:(2028)
4581:(2028)
4572:(2028)
4566:(2028)
4560:(2028)
4554:(2028)
4548:(2028)
4542:(2028)
4420:ALTIUS
4375:SPARCS
4327:HTV-X1
4247:Milani
4156:(2030)
4150:(2028)
4139:(2026)
4105:Vast-1
4016:Crewed
3913:(1977)
3885:Scarab
3781:(2023)
3754:Sora-Q
3730:Sora-Q
3671:Rashid
3662:Rashid
3545:Apollo
3516:(1969)
3483:Yutu-2
3475:Active
3225:Altair
3172:Crewed
3085:(2031)
3055:(2026)
3049:(2026)
3043:(2025)
3037:(2025)
3031:(2024)
3022:Others
3014:(2028)
3008:(2026)
2971:(2030)
2965:(2028)
2959:(2027)
2927:(2024)
2908:(2033)
2900:(2032)
2892:(2031)
2884:(2030)
2876:(2028)
2868:(2026)
2853:(2025)
2818:PAS-22
2793:Zond 3
2773:STEREO
2758:Nozomi
2708:Luna 1
2663:Flybys
2647:Vikram
2602:Luna 5
2485:Sora-Q
2415:Rovers
2394:Vikram
2329:Luna 9
2263:Luna 2
2258:LCROSS
1980:Flybys
1971:Yutu-2
1964:Rovers
1891:Danuri
1853:Active
1827:Crewed
1822:Soviet
1803:Danuri
1774:Indian
1750:Ranger
1720:Apollo
1636:SORATO
1516:JURBAN
1440:Hakuto
1395:Google
1283:
1259:Forbes
520:S band
516:X band
432:Rocket
234:Cannes
110:.space
77:Berlin
68:Active
4723:MOM 2
4718:Janus
4609:ARIEL
4579:rover
4532:2028+
4497:FORUM
4479:VOICE
4469:PLATO
4448:LUPEX
4438:IHP-2
4397:(May)
4384:PUNCH
4365:SMILE
4360:NISAR
4238:IHP-1
4207:DISHA
4124:2026+
4045:Fram2
3922:VIPER
3750:LEV-2
3740:LEV-1
3573:LRV-3
3563:LRV-2
3340:VIPER
3133:BOLAS
3118:ALINA
2743:LunIR
2481:LEV-2
2476:LEV-1
2230:PFS-2
2225:PFS-1
2155:LADEE
2150:Hiten
2145:GRAIL
1649:Unity
1642:Tesla
1624:MX-1E
1604:ALINA
668:(ALR)
545:ALINA
463:rover
401:Power
332:ALINA
4694:LISA
4517:HALO
4489:2027
4424:FLEX
4412:2026
4355:MULA
4332:IM-3
4302:IMAP
4292:IM-2
4274:2025
4243:Hera
4182:2024
4056:2025
4025:2024
3805:(on
3758:SLIM
3744:SLIM
3722:JAXA
3696:Iris
3687:CLPS
3597:Yutu
3588:CLEP
3498:Past
3335:XL-1
3065:CU-E
2998:CLEP
2931:IM-2
2917:CLPS
2788:Wind
2783:WMAP
2778:TESS
2461:Yutu
2405:IM-1
2000:Past
1955:SLIM
1842:Zond
1832:Luna
1730:CLPS
1697:Moon
1564:SCSG
1484:ARCA
1321:2015
1281:ISBN
1198:2018
953:2010
815:2021
789:2022
760:2022
714:for
625:Audi
617:The
602:and
596:NASA
518:and
512:Band
461:Moon
301:.com
238:Audi
227:GLXP
168:ISRU
125:and
65:Fate
52:2009
4705:TBA
4570:MSR
4513:PPE
4453:MMX
3840:ECA
3258:LEO
2698:ICE
710:or
645:LTE
427:TBD
140:ESA
108:pts
4814::
4611:/
4515:/
4431:/
4422:/
4382:/
4304:/
4294:/
4249:/
4245:/
4203:M1
3264:LK
2671:4M
2627:25
2622:18
2617:15
2561:24
2556:20
2545:17
2538:16
2531:15
2524:14
2517:12
2443:17
2436:16
2364:24
2359:23
2354:21
2349:20
2344:17
2339:16
2334:13
2315:Ă—6
2190:22
2185:19
2180:14
2175:12
2170:11
2140:49
2084:10
2052:17
2045:16
2038:15
2031:14
2024:12
1279:.
1275:.
1213:.
1184:.
1138:^
1103:^
1091:.
1080:^
1055:^
1017:^
925:.
859:^
806:.
780:.
768:^
718:.
482:-2
475:-1
229:.
211:.
79:,
4002:e
3995:t
3988:v
3809:)
3787:(
3760:)
3752:(
3746:)
3736:)
3713:)
3703:)
3678:)
3653:)
3641:)
3616:)
3604:)
3579:)
3569:)
3559:)
3536:)
3526:)
3490:)
3460:e
3453:t
3446:v
3427:.
2813:8
2808:7
2803:6
2798:5
2723:6
2718:4
2713:3
2642:4
2612:8
2607:7
2571:6
2487:)
2483:(
2456:2
2389:7
2384:6
2379:5
2374:3
2324:6
2293:9
2288:8
2283:7
2278:6
2215:5
2210:4
2205:3
2200:2
2114:5
2109:2
2061:)
2057:(
1950:4
1924:2
1914:2
1910:)
1907:2
1905:L
1685:e
1678:t
1671:v
1373:e
1366:t
1359:v
1323:.
1289:.
1200:.
955:.
929:.
817:.
791:.
762:.
543:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
