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195:
environmental change on human health are incomplete, pathways are poorly understood, the effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation measures are still unclear, how timely policy and behaviour change can be realised. The KNAW concluded that: "Filling all
Planetary Health knowledge gaps requires an international collaborative effort in research funding". The Academy will cooperate with international partner and âumbrella academiesâ (such as
1367:
308:, it is loosely defined as the health of populations in a global context, a response to the cross-border movement of health drivers as well as risks, and an improvement over the older concept of international health with its new emphasis on achieving equity in health among all people. Some scholars hold that advocacy of planetary health amounts to an over-expansion and totalization of health.
120:, the report elaborated that planetary health refers to the "achievement of the highest attainable standard of health, wellbeing, and equity worldwide through judicious attention to the human systems â political, economic, and social â that shape the future of humanity and the Earth's natural systems that define the safe environmental limits within which humanity can flourish."
244:, exposure to pollutants, climate change, and fuel consumption are all issues that threaten human and climate health alike, and are, as such, foci of the field. A number of researchers think that it is actually humanity's destruction of biodiversity and the invasion of wild landscapes that creates the conditions for
323:
on planetary health, that global health was no longer able to truly meet the demands which societies face, as it was still too narrow to explain and illuminate some pressing challenges."Global health does not fully take into account the natural foundation on which humans live â the planet itself. Nor
211:
Planetary health concerns itself with governance and stewardship which pose a threat to the sustainability of the human civilization, environment, and planet. Specifically, it seeks to confront three main types of challenges: "imagination challenges", such as failing to account for long-term human or
88:
at the Oxford Martin School was established on 1 June 2017 to further define the new discipline of planetary health. The open-access journal "Lancet
Planetary Health" published its inaugural issue in April 2017. In 2022, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the first UN environmental conference
33:
expanded the World Health
Organization's definition of health, stating, "health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and ecological well-being and not merely the absence of disease - personal health involves planetary health" James Lovelock created the term "Planetary Medicine" in 1986. In
268:
In 2022, the inaugural
Planetary Health European Hub was held in Amsterdam, with 72 institutions represented. The inaugural meeting was organized by the Planetary Health Alliance, the European Environment and Sustainable Development Advisory Councils Network (EEAC Network), and Natura Artis Magistra
126:
Commission's report laid down the overarching principles guiding the idea of planetary health. One is that human health depends on "flourishing natural systems and the wise stewardship of those natural systems". Human activities, such as energy generation and food production, have led to substantial
19:
is a multi- and transdisciplinary research paradigm, a new science for exceptional action, and a global movement. Planetary health refers to "the health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends". In 2015, the
Rockefeller FoundationâLancet Commission on Planetary
260:
The
Planetary Health Alliance is an informal global consortium of over 340 universities, NGOs, government entities, and research institutes with over 20,000 newsletter subscribers. The Alliance aims to support the development of "rigorous, policy-focused, transdisciplinary field of applied research
215:
A primary ethical focus of planetary health research is human cooperation and non-cooperation in the form of conflict, nationalism, and competition. As one goal, the Lancet
Commission on Health and Climate Change plans to use an accountability mechanism to track human cooperation and study the link
231:
diets. A focus of planetary health research will be nutritional solutions that are sustainable for the human species and the environment, and the generation of scientific research and political will to create and implement desired solutions. In
January 2019, an international commission created the
194:
based on a two-year consultative process.Many knowledge gaps were identified in the field of planetary health. A review of the literature and subsequent consultation with experts resulted in a longlist of more than one hundred specific knowledge gaps. Knowledge for the health impacts of global
212:
environmental consequences of human progress; "research and information challenges", such as underfunding and lack of scope in research; and "governance challenges", such as delayed environmental action by governing bodies determined by unwillingness, uncertainty, or non-cooperation.
38:
wrote: "The patient Earth is sick. Global environmental disruptions can have serious consequences for human health. It's time for doctors to give a world diagnosis and advise on treatment." In the 1990s, a model curriculum Terra
Medicine (Planetary Medicine) was developed at the
28:
There are a number of ideas, concepts that can be understood as precursors to the concept of planetary health. According to Susan
Prescott, the term "planetary health" emerged from the environmental and holistic health movements of the 1970-80s. In 1980,
264:
Several PHA Regional Hubs function as locally rooted communities that bring PHA members together in geographic clusters to collaboratively advance planetary health research, education, policy, and outreach relevant to specific local contexts.
65:, which has traditionally focused on the health of human populations without necessarily considering the surrounding natural ecosystems. The proposal recognized the emerging threats to natural and human-made systems that support humanity.
1315:
Whitmee, S., Haines, A, & Beyrer, C, et al. 2015. Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller FoundationâLancet Commission on planetary health. 386:10007, p1973-2028. The Lancet Commissions.
239:
Planetary health aims to seek out further solutions to global human and environmental sustainability through collaboration and research across all sectors, including the economy, energy, agriculture, water, and health.
157:
The report concluded that urgent and transformative actions are needed to protect present and future generations. One important area which required immediate attention was the system of governance and organization of
510:
Stappen, R.: Terramedizin und Master for Sustainable Development â Zwei Konzepte fĂŒr innovative. ModellstudiengĂ€nge. In: Stadt-Umland-Perspektiven â ZukunftsfĂ€hige Regionen in Europa. 2000, ISBN 3-00-007218-7, S.
165:
The report made several overarching recommendations. One was to improve governance to aid the integration of social, economic, and environmental policies and for the creation, synthesis, and application of
85:
100:
published a comprehensive report in June 2023 on the state of planetary pealth research and the future research agenda, which has relevance not only for the Netherlands but also internationally (
116:â "a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" - as well as principles articulated in the preamble of the constitution of the
1210:
951:
Chaves, L.S.M., Fry, J., Malik, A. et al. Global consumption and international trade in deforestation-associated commodities could influence malaria risk. Nat Commun 11, 1258 (2020).
223:
of the planet. Diets, agriculture, and technology must adjust to sustain population projections upwards of 9 billion while reducing harmful consequences on the environment through
90:
459:
Prescott, S.L. and Logan, A.C., 2019. Planetary health: from the wellspring of holistic medicine to personal and public health imperative. Explore, 15(2), pp.98-106.
196:
965:
187:
97:
93:" in Stockholm 1972, the UN published the report: 'UN Conference Stockholm+50: A Healthy Planet for the Prosperity of All - Our Responsibility, Our Opportunity'.
40:
219:
Likewise, nutrition and diet are important contributors to and indicators of planetary health. Scientists speculate that human population growth threatens the
76:
launched the concept as the Rockefeller FoundationâLancet Commission on Planetary Health. The Planetary Health Alliance was founded in December 2015, from the
920:
1055:
Koplan, Jeffrey P; Bond, T Christopher; Merson, Michael H; Reddy, K Srinath; Rodriguez, Mario Henry; Sewankambo, Nelson K; Wasserheit, Judith N (2009).
610:
261:
aimed at understanding and addressing the human health implications of accelerating change in the structure and function of Earth's natural systems."
1221:
1325:
Haines, A. and Frumkin, H., 2021. Planetary health: Safeguarding human health and the environment in the Anthropocene. Cambridge University Press.
146:
within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for generations to come. According to a 2015 update, four of the planetary boundaries â
1335:
611:"Harvard University, Wildlife Conservation Society launch new 'Planetary Health Alliance' with support from The Rockefeller Foundation"
1042:
468:
Lovelock, J. E. (1986). Geophysiology: A new look at earth science. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 67(4), 392-397.
274:
1349:
1243:
398:"Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller FoundationâLancet Commission on planetary health"
373:
Horton, Richard, and Selina Lo. "Planetary health: a new science for exceptional action." The Lancet 386.10007 (2015): 1921-1922.
20:
Health launched the concept which is currently being developed towards a new health science with over 25 areas of expertise.
81:
1357:
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642:
139:
804:
534:
397:
1329:
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791:
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Report UN-Conference Stockholm+50: a healthy planet for the prosperity of all â our responsibility, our opportunity
101:
658:
117:
998:
249:
330:, president of the Rockefeller Foundation, declared planetary health as a new discipline in global health.
1068:
630:
200:
69:
1322:
Myers, S. and Frumkin, H., 2020. Planetary health: protecting nature to protect ourselves. Island Press.
1257:
450:
Myers, S. and Frumkin, H., 2020. Planetary health: protecting nature to protect ourselves. Island Press.
270:
269:(ARTIS). The PHA Europe Secretariat has been located in the Netherlands. It is jointly coordinated by
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349:
298:
286:
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and delivery of improved health for all, together with respect for the integrity of natural systems.
143:
30:
1073:
520:
Lovelock, James, and James E. Lovelock. "Gaia: The practical science of planetary medicine." (2000).
344:
167:
1383:
1124:"The World Health Organization and the Transition From "International" to "Global" Public Health"
1104:
901:
722:
562:
427:
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Planetary health is considered a response to existing fields and paradigms such as public health
228:
77:
135:
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global effect on the Earth's systems, prompting scientists to refer to the modern times as the
1180:
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Horton, Richard; Beaglehole, Robert; Bonita, Ruth; Raeburn, John; McKee, Martin (2014-03-06).
419:
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integrity, biogeochemical flows, and land-system change â had already been exceeded.
62:
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Fourteen years later, a commentary in the March 2014 issue of the medical journal
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966:"'Tip of the iceberg': is our destruction of nature responsible for Covid-19?"
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61:
called to create a movement for planetary health to transform the field of
1343:
A bolder One Health: expanding the moral circle to optimize health for all
921:"New plant-focused diet would 'transform' planet's future, say scientists"
162:, which was deemed inadequate to address the threats to planetary health.
662:
47:
published his book "Gaia: The practical science of planetary medicine".
245:
768:
742:"Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet"
586:
113:
709:
684:
324:
does it factor in the force and fragility of human civilizations."
1292:
1122:
Brown, Theodore M.; Cueto, Marcos; Fee, Elizabeth (2006-01-01).
170:. The authors called for solutions based on the redefinition of
86:
The Rockefeller Foundation Economic Council on Planetary Health
134:
A group of Earth system and environmental scientists led by
1352:
The Lancet, Volume 390, No. 10108, p2132, 11 November 2017.
831:"Planetary health: a new science for exceptional action"
1328:
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (2023).
872:"Human and planetary health: towards a common language"
1350:
Offline: Planetary health's next frontierâbiodiversity
1181:"Health beyond medicine. A planetary theory extension"
43:
as part of the AltmĂŒhltal Agenda 21 project. In 2000,
1355:
1336:
Planetary Health: The Recipe for a Sustainable Future
1244:"Planetary Health: A New Discipline in Global Health"
817:
Planetary Health. An emerging field to be developed
792:
Planetary Health. An emerging field to be developed
192:
Planetary Health. An emerging field to be developed
182:International research agenda for planetary health
91:United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
1211:"Planetary Health - Economist Intelligence Unit"
317:Richard Horton wrote in a 2014 special issue of
870:Demaio, Alessandro R; Rockström, Johan (2015).
528:
526:
216:between health, climate, and political action.
1057:"Towards a common definition of global health"
535:"From public to planetary health: a manifesto"
98:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1318:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60901-1
1179:Roth, Steffen; Valentinov, Vladislav (2023).
805:Longlist ofknowledge gaps in Planetary Health
8:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
304:While there may be competing definitions of
1043:The Planetary Health European Hub convening
41:Catholic University of EichstÀtt-Ingolstadt
1220:. 25 June 2014. p. 28. Archived from
953:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14954-1
1155:
1090:
1072:
887:
846:
767:
757:
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495:
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190:presented their planetary health report
1293:Planetary Health Alliance - European Hub
1362:
631:The Lancet Planetary Health- All issues
366:
1266:
1255:
685:"A safe operating space for humanity"
188:Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences
7:
829:Horton, Richard; Lo, Selina (2015).
203:) how to take this agenda forward."
14:
1185:Sociology of Health & Illness
1128:American Journal of Public Health
919:Carrington, Damian (2019-01-16).
659:"Constitution of WHO: principles"
275:University Medical Center Utrecht
84:and other partner organizations.
1377:
1365:
1330:Planetary Health Advisory Report
1304:Planetary Health Advisory Report
633:ScienceDirect, Elsevier Ltd.2017
102:Planetary Health Advisory Report
683:Rockström, Johan (2009-09-04).
174:to focus on the enhancement of
112:Drawing from the definition of
1:
1083:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60332-9
889:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61044-3
848:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61038-8
551:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60409-8
497:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32737-X
415:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60901-1
396:Whitmee, Sarah (2015-11-14).
142:proposed the concept of nine
108:Research paradigma and agenda
82:Wildlife Conservation Society
34:1993 the Norwegian physician
1242:Rodin, Judith (2015-07-16).
281:Comparison with other fields
1298:The Lancet Planetary Health
997:Robbins, Jim (2012-07-14).
591:planetaryhealthalliance.org
587:"Planetary Health Alliance"
248:, and new diseases such as
168:interdisciplinary knowledge
140:Stockholm Resilience Centre
1416:
1029:Planetary Health Alliance:
964:Vidal, John (2020-03-18).
740:Steffen, W. (2015-02-13).
478:Casassus, Barbara (2017).
1345:One Health Outlook, 2021.
1288:Planetary Health Alliance
256:Planetary Health Alliance
118:World Health Organization
24:Background and milestones
1338:. Maastricht University.
1140:10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831
999:"The Ecology of Disease"
1197:10.1111/1467-9566.13578
1031:HUBS TERMS OF REFERENCE
759:10.1126/science.1259855
311:The editor in chief of
1265:Cite journal requires
1045:. 26â27 September 2022
70:Rockefeller Foundation
271:Maastricht University
234:planetary health diet
1334:Martens, P. (2023).
841:(10007): 1921â1922.
408:(10007): 1973â2028.
350:Planetary management
299:international health
287:environmental health
144:planetary boundaries
80:, together with the
31:Friends of the Earth
1400:Global civilization
1224:on 3 September 2019
1067:(9679): 1993â1995.
701:2009Natur.461..472R
345:Planetary integrity
1003:The New York Times
882:(10007): e36âe37.
186:In June 2023, the
78:Harvard University
819:, p. 70 Amsterdam
752:(6223): 1259855.
695:(7263): 472â475.
665:on April 19, 2015
242:Biodiversity loss
221:carrying capacity
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229:carbon-intensive
17:Planetary health
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277:(UMC Utrecht).
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176:quality of life
160:human knowledge
136:Johan Rockström
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