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1012:(UNGEGN), applies the science of toponymy to establish officially recognized geographical names. A toponymist relies not only on maps and local histories, but interviews with local residents to determine names with established local usage. The exact application of a toponym, its specific language, its pronunciation, and its origins and meaning are all important facts to be recorded during name surveys.
475:
1159:. I would gather that this is an indication of the "politics of maps", but I would be interested to know if this was done to avoid upsetting users of the Iran map and users of the map showing Arab Gulf States'. This symbolizes a further aspect of the topic, namely the spilling over of the problem from the purely political to the economic sphere.
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Toponymists are responsible for the active preservation of their region's culture through its toponymy. They typically ensure the ongoing development of a geographical names database and associated publications, for recording and disseminating authoritative hard-copy and digital toponymic data. This
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I have entered 118 names in the map: partly they are the names derived from celebrities of arctic explorations and discoveries, arctic travellers anyway as well as excellent friends, patrons, and participants of different nationalities in the newest northpolar expeditions, partly eminent German
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thought that the naming of newly discovered physical features was one of the privileges of a map-editor, especially as he was fed up with forever encountering toponyms like 'Victoria', 'Wellington', 'Smith', 'Jones', etc. He writes: "While constructing the new map to specify the detailed
996:
Toponyms may have different names through time, due to changes and developments in languages, political developments and border adjustments to name but a few. More recently many postcolonial countries revert to their own nomenclature for toponyms that have been named by colonial powers.
1155:. On 20 September 1996 a note on the internet reflected a query by a Canadian surfer, who said as follows: 'One producer of maps labeled the water body "Persian Gulf" on a 1977 map of Iran, and then "Arabian Gulf", also in 1977, in a map which focused on the
1174:
Most countries have such a body, which is commonly (but not always) known under this name. Also, in some countries (especially those organised on a federal basis), subdivisions such as individual states or provinces will have individual boards.
1061:
In the same vein, writers
Pinchevski and Torgovnik (2002) consider the naming of streets as a political act in which holders of the legitimate monopoly to name aspire to engrave their ideological views in the social space. Similarly, the
1283:
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and the establishment of an independent Greek state, Turkish, Slavic and
Italian place names were Hellenized, as an effort of "toponymic cleansing." This nationalization of place names can also manifest itself in a
2011:
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Place names provide the most useful geographical reference system in the world. Consistency and accuracy are essential in referring to a place to prevent confusion in everyday business and recreation.
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1955:
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Probably the first toponymists were the storytellers and poets who explained the origin of specific place names as part of their tales; sometimes place-names served as the basis for their
3211:
2017:
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1855:
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recommends that it be avoided and that national authorities should set their own guidelines as to the time required after a person's death for the use of a commemorative name.
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1754:
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Cablitz, Gabriele H. 2008. "When 'what' is 'where': A linguistic analysis of landscape terms, place names and body part terms in
Marquesan (Oceanic, French Polynesia)."
879:
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acknowledged that while common, the practice of naming geographical places after living persons (toponymic commemoration) could be problematic. Therefore, the
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Especially in the 19th century, the age of exploration, a lot of toponyms got a different name because of national pride. Thus the famous German cartographer
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usually took over, whereby a false meaning was extracted from a name based on its structure or sounds. Thus, for example, the toponym of
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1070:, as both the celebration of triumph and the repudiation of the old regime is another issue of toponymy. Also, in the context of
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data may be disseminated in a wide variety of formats, including hard-copy topographic maps as well as digital formats such as
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said of place-name study that it "uses, enriches and tests the discoveries of archaeology and history and the rules of the
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Toponyms not only illustrate ethnic settlement patterns, but they can also help identify discrete periods of immigration.
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Scholars have found that toponyms provide valuable insight into the historical geography of a particular region. In 1954,
1008:
A toponymist, through well-established local principles and procedures developed in cooperation and consultation with the
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78:
2611:
1996:
Ormeling, F. J. Sr. (16–18 October 1989). "Terms used in geographical names standardization". In
Tichelaar, T. R. (ed.).
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158:
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Pinchevski, Amit; Torgovnik, Efraim (May 2002). "Signifying passages: the signs of change in
Israeli street names".
1914:
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is an official body established by a government to decide on official names for geographical areas and features.
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This article is about the study of place names. For a discussion of the origins of place names themselves, see
1953:
Czy nauka zajmująca się nazewnictwem miast to onomastyka? Według jakich kategorii dzieli się pochodzenie nazw?
3113:
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544:), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any
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1954. "Armstrong, Mawer, Stenton and
Dickins 'The Place-Names of Cumberland' (1950–53)" (book review).
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refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as
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33:
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2047:(in Croatian), vol. 35, Hrvatsko književno društvo sv. Ćirila i Metoda, 2002, p. 1183
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on a flying golden ram. The name, however, is probably derived from an older language, such as
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2012:
United
Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, London, 10–31 May 1972
1920:
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707:- proper names of inhabited locations, like houses, villages, towns or cities, including:
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1319:
2755:
2519:
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4819:
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Frictions sometimes arise between countries because of toponymy, as illustrated by the
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665:
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267:
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2771:
2692:"Geographies of toponymic inscription: new directions in critical place-name studies"
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2460:
2087:
2078:
2059:
1379:
1290:
1272:
1266:
1242:
1016:
891:
2506:
Kaups, M. (1966). "Finnish Place Names in
Minnesota: A Study in Cultural Transfer".
1403:
803:- proper names of urban elements (streets, squares etc.) in settlements, including:
773:- proper names of places containing recursive elements (e.g. Red River Valley Road).
5233:
5221:
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5019:
4713:
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651:
572:
533:
310:
100:
3513:
2737:"Toponymy and Geopolitics: The Political Use — and Misuse — of Geographical Names"
672:
Various types of geographical toponyms (geonyms) include, in alphabetical order:
3092:
2849:
2042:
1980:
1233:(1891–1983), Australian geographer, geologist, war hero, historian and translator
5206:
5128:
4787:
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4117:
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4027:
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3786:
3740:
3735:
3616:
2805:
1349:
1112:
to restore traditional names to reflect the
Indigenous culture wherever possible
1035:
462:
437:
58:
2588:
2447:
Koldewey, K. (1871. Die erste
Deutsche Nordpolar-Expedition im Jahre 1868. In:
1431:
5199:
5182:
5123:
5103:
4760:
4688:
4635:
4631:
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4342:
4275:
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4122:
3944:
3898:
3855:
3810:
3761:
3694:
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3637:
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1427:
984:
topographical portrayal and after consulting with and authorization of messr.
935:
632:
568:
432:
115:
40:
2551:
Eighth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names
5211:
5098:
5074:
4836:
4728:
4488:
4203:
3886:
3820:
3766:
3713:
3708:
3581:
2923:
Les nons géographiques: lexique polyglotte, suivi d'un glossaire de 500 mots
2763:
2492:
1490:
1020:
973:
951:
725:
693:- proper names of roads or any other transport routes by land, water or air.
683:
407:
402:
238:
228:
120:
110:
2941:
Hargitai, Henrik I., Hugh S. Greqorv, Jan Osburq, and Dennis Hands. 2007. "
3069:
528:
5228:
5216:
5177:
5155:
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4935:
4880:
4703:
4502:
3962:
3915:
3874:
3845:
3833:
3776:
3756:
3679:
3080:
2943:
Development of a Local Toponym System at the Mars Desert Research Station
1480:
966:
originally meant something like 'narrow Pontus' or 'entrance to Pontus',
927:
813:
17:
3053:
3040:
5069:
5041:
4509:
4137:
3892:
3839:
3798:
3647:
3621:
3572:
1913:
Perono Cacciafoco, Francesco; Cavallaro, Francesco Paolo (March 2023).
1500:
1470:
947:
943:
703:
623:(meaning "place name") first appearing in English in 1876. Since then,
3003:
Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics
2818:
Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics
2535:
2479:
McDavid, R.I. (1958). "Linguistic Geographic and Toponymic Research".
1916:
Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics
1052:
United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names
5238:
5113:
4223:
3669:
1985:(in Czech), vol. 11, Státní pedagogické nakl., 1961, p. 176
1191:
1130:
125:
2554:. United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2002.
2527:
5188:
4917:
4903:
4899:
3001:
Perono Cacciafoco, Francesco and Francesco Paolo Cavallaro. 2023.
2654:
Sunlight at Midnight: St. Petersburg and the Rise of Modern Russia
1998:
Proceedings of the Workshop on Toponymy held in Cipanas, Indonesia
1148:
1144:
655:
3097:
2815:
Perono Cacciafoco, Francesco; Cavallaro, Francesco Paolo (2023).
2612:"Naming the past: The significance of commemorative street names"
3107:
3517:
3126:
2989:
The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia
1400:(1829–1901), philologist, toponymist and Anglican canon of York
823:
Various types of cosmographical toponyms (cosmonyms) include:
548:, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all
1376:(1903–1967), scholar of Old English and Scandinavian languages
1313:
954:, which was unknown to those who explained its origin. In his
862:
2996:
Toponymy: the lore, laws, and language of geographical names.
2898:"Place Name Etymology: Common Elements in Danish Place Names"
1791:
List of names in English with counterintuitive pronunciations
608:
602:
596:
789:- proper names of caves or some other subterranean features.
2616:
Critical Toponymies: The Contested Politics of Place Naming
1364:(1793–1864), American geographer, geologist and ethnologist
2879:
Critical Toponymies (Re-Materialising Cultural Geography)
1725:
List of generic forms in place names in the British Isles
3058:
1388:(1895–1980), American historian, toponymist and novelist
1110:
In Canada, there have been initiatives in recent years "
783:
features, like mountains, hills and valleys, including:
2804:
Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) .
2449:
Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, Ergäzungsband VI
1340:(born 1980), Italian historical linguist and toponymist
1239:(born 1969), Italian historical linguist and toponymist
1118:
is a process that can include restoring place names by
946:, who drowned there as she crossed it with her brother
887:
2987:
Hercus, Luise, Flavia Hodges, and Jane Simpson. 2009.
2810:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
729:- proper names of various bodies of water, including:
575:
of all kinds. A person who studies toponymy is called
2851:
An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies
2234:
2232:
2230:
1856:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
1056:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
1010:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
39:"Toponymics" redirects here. Not to be confused with
3083:, Doukhobor Heritage website, by Jonathan Kalmakoff.
2157:
2155:
1263:(1905–1997), etymologist, dialectologist, toponymist
5062:
5034:
4916:
4827:
4808:
4741:
4630:
4540:
4448:
4366:
4328:
4305:
4222:
4169:
4136:
4051:
4018:
3935:
3924:
3819:
3749:
3630:
3604:
3555:
3456:
3385:
3347:
3329:
3266:
3245:
3199:
2514:(3). Geographical Review, Vol. 56, No. 3: 377–397.
2018:
United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs
3070:An Index to the Historical Place Names of Cornwall
2420:
1755:Toponymical list of counties of the United Kingdom
938:was explained by Greek poets as being named after
643:Toponyms can be divided in two principal groups:
2955:"Onomastic Terminology: An International Survey"
2953:Harvalík, Milan; Caffarelli, Enzo, eds. (2007).
1352:(1933–2010), British toponymist and onomastician
972:being an ancient name for the region around the
854:- proper names of planets and planetary systems.
1663:Names of European cities in different languages
1334:(born 1948), English medievalist and toponymist
993:travellers in Africa, Australia, America ...".
2930:Planetary Maps: Visualization and Nomenclature
2877:Berg, Lawrence D. and Jani Vuolteenaho. 2009.
1476:List of demonyms for US states and territories
1328:(1927–2016), folklorist, linguist, medievalist
3529:
3138:
3088:"Indian Place Names—Aquidneck Indian Council"
2821:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1919:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1816:List of political entities named after people
1628:List of modern names for biblical place names
1412:(1821–1897), American scholar and philologist
1382:(1880–1967), historian of Anglo-Saxon England
876:The examples and perspective in this article
496:
8:
1811:List of places named for their main products
1643:List of U.S. States and Territorial demonyms
1638:List of U.S. place names connected to Sweden
1305:(1926–2002), philosopher and French linguist
1178:Individual geographic names boards include:
1841:List of geographic acronyms and initialisms
1633:List of renamed places in the United States
1618:List of French exonyms for Italian toponyms
1603:List of English exonyms for German toponyms
1203:Geographical Names Board of New South Wales
836:- proper names of stars and constellations.
809:- proper names of squares and marketplaces.
735:- proper names of swamps, marshes and bogs.
4824:
4302:
3932:
3536:
3522:
3514:
3453:
3145:
3131:
3123:
2854:. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press.
2690:Rose-Redwood, Reuben; et al. (2009).
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1715:Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland
1613:List of French exonyms for German toponyms
503:
489:
45:
2427:(1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
2077:
1608:List of French exonyms for Dutch toponyms
914:Learn how and when to remove this message
3054:Who Was Who in North American Name Study
2419:Stewart, George Rippey (7 August 1975).
1213:South African Geographical Names Council
1078:was changed to the more Slavic sounding
976:, and by extension, for the sea itself.
1951:Wyrwas, Katarzyna. 5 December 2004. § "
1892:
1851:List of geographic anagrams and ananyms
1776:List of adjectival forms of place names
1720:List of British places with Latin names
1688:Hebraization of Palestinian place names
1598:Korean toponymy and list of place names
1218:United States Board on Geographic Names
795:- proper names of rock climbing routes.
687:- proper names of regions or countries.
57:
2781:from the original on 17 September 2016
1568:Biblical toponyms in the United States
3086:O'Brien Jr., Francis J. (Moondancer)
1867:All pages with titles beginning with
759:- proper names of rivers and streams.
7:
3098:Index Anatolicus: Toponyms of Turkey
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2146:
2134:
2108:, Oxford University Press, June 2021
2060:"Approaches to Research in Toponymy"
2029:
1735:List of Roman place names in Britain
1730:List of places in the United Kingdom
1406:, Australian linguist and toponymist
1316:, Australian linguist and toponymist
817:- proper names of streets and roads.
699:- proper names of woods and forests.
679:- proper names of fields and plains.
393:Conservative and innovative language
2807:An Anthropology of Names and Naming
2716:from the original on 23 August 2021
2671:from the original on 27 August 2021
2632:from the original on 29 August 2021
1968:Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach
1831:List of words derived from toponyms
1648:List of U.S. state name etymologies
1623:List of Latin place names in Europe
1040:Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
719:- proper names of towns and cities.
555:In a more specific sense, the term
3291:Indian state and union territories
3286:Canadian provinces and territories
3114:The Etymology of Mars crater names
3064:The origins of British place names
2975:from the original on 22 April 2021
1836:Lists of things named after places
1678:Oikonyms in Western and South Asia
1198:Geographical Names Board of Canada
741:- proper names of lakes and ponds.
25:
3155:place name etymologies (toponymy)
3059:Forgotten Toponymy Board (German)
1877:All pages with titles containing
1806:List of places named after Stalin
1506:Toponymy of the Kerguelen Islands
1188:Commission nationale de toponymie
1098:. After 1830, in the wake of the
4184:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2921:Desjardins, Louis-Hébert. 1973.
2835:from the original on 17 May 2023
2079:10.1179/0027773814Z.000000000103
1933:from the original on 17 May 2023
1826:List of tautological place names
1801:List of places named after Lenin
1796:List of places named after peace
1444:
1430:
1370:(1835–1912), British philologist
1293:(1846–1914), American geographer
1190:(National toponymy commission -
1183:Antarctic Place-names Commission
867:
631:in professional discourse among
473:
2125:" toˈponymist" appears in 1850s
1846:List of geographic portmanteaus
1394:(1947–2018), Swedish toponymist
1299:(1924–2009), English toponymist
1096:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2962:Rivista Italiana di Onomastica
1588:Historical African place names
1549:List of river name etymologies
1539:Latin names of European rivers
1346:(1880–1953), American linguist
1322:(1907–2000), French toponymist
1251:(1928–2006), American linguist
1032:geographic information systems
1:
3377:United States Native American
2466:The English Historical Review
2032:, p. 13, 23, 27, 62, 80.
1418:(1865–1948), Scottish scholar
1257:(born 1949), English linguist
1245:(born 1954), English linguist
627:has come to replace the term
587:The term toponymy comes from
2577:Media, Culture & Society
1653:List of U.S. state nicknames
1358:(1904–1999), French linguist
1269:(1877–1955), French linguist
1208:New Zealand Geographic Board
830:- proper names of asteroids.
609:
597:
333:Functional discourse grammar
199:Ethnography of communication
3077:(archived 10 February 2012)
2928:Hargitai, Henrik I. 2006. "
2696:Progress in Human Geography
1861:UNGEGN Toponymic Guidelines
1338:Francesco Perono Cacciafoco
1153:Persian Gulf naming dispute
1141:Sea of Japan naming dispute
1082:from 1914 to 1924, then to
990:Karl Graf von Waldburg-Zeil
890:, discuss the issue on the
713:- proper names of villages.
453:Second-language acquisition
5296:
4847:Imperial, royal, and noble
3108:Key to English Place-names
3007:Cambridge University Press
2589:10.1177/016344370202400305
848:- proper names of meteors.
767:- proper names of islands.
603:
592:
567:. Toponymy is a branch of
131:Syntax–semantics interface
38:
31:
5254:
4931:Imperial, royal and noble
3161:
2000:. Cibinong: Bakosurtanal.
1982:Českʹy jazyk a literatura
1821:List of short place names
1781:List of double placenames
1100:Greek War of Independence
842:- proper names of comets.
747:- proper names of oceans.
616:Oxford English Dictionary
536:of places, also known as
443:Philosophy of linguistics
343:Interactional linguistics
3772:Maiden and married names
3311:Russian federal subjects
3104:University of Nottingham
2744:The Cartographic Journal
2735:Kadmon, Naftali (2004).
2710:"Indigenous-place-names"
1786:List of long place names
1695:Place names in Sri Lanka
1683:Place names of Palestine
1127:Macedonia naming dispute
930:legends. The process of
668:features, outside Earth.
5259:Category:Lists of names
3081:The Doukhobor Gazetteer
3066:(archived 1 March 2012)
2994:Kadmon, Naftali. 2000.
2764:10.1179/000870404X12897
2651:Lincoln, Bruce (2000).
2610:Azaryahu, Maoz (2009).
2508:The Geographical Review
2493:10.1179/nam.1958.6.2.65
1750:Territorial designation
1668:New Zealand place names
1163:Geographic names boards
1086:following the death of
1046:Toponymic commemoration
1038:, or thesauri like the
753:- proper names of seas.
4189:Eritrean and Ethiopian
1554:Old European hydronymy
1525:Planetary nomenclature
1410:James Hammond Trumbull
1169:geographic names board
1120:Indigenous communities
1094:in 1991 following the
650:- proper names of all
280:Theoretical frameworks
234:Philosophy of language
214:History of linguistics
5119:Galton–Watson process
4724:Ancient Tamil country
4146:Australian Aboriginal
3386:By language of origin
3367:Australian aboriginal
2896:Buch-Jepsen, Anders.
2848:Room, Adrian (1996).
1958:9 August 2020 at the
1771:Labeling (map design)
1544:Latin names of rivers
1133:has claimed the name
174:Conversation analysis
4886:Post-nominal letters
4005:Indigenous Taiwanese
3301:Philippine provinces
1740:Place names in Irish
1593:Japanese place names
896:create a new article
888:improve this article
878:may not represent a
654:features, on planet
546:geographical feature
418:Internet linguistics
328:Construction grammar
27:Study of place names
5246:Surnames by country
4871:Pre-nominal letters
3928:Surnames by country
3372:Canadian aboriginal
3281:Bulgarian provinces
3035:17 May 2023 at the
2756:2004CartJ..41...85K
2520:1966GeoRv..56..377K
1705:Toponyms of Finland
1326:W. F. H. Nicolaisen
1275:(1877–1964, Sweden)
1224:Notable toponymists
986:Theodor von Heuglin
353:Systemic functional
148:Applied linguistics
90:General linguistics
5109:Endonym and exonym
5052:Calendar of saints
5035:Related traditions
4809:Manners of address
4171:Sub-Saharan Africa
3592:Nobiliary particle
3331:Double place names
2883:Ashgate Publishing
2423:Names on the Globe
2058:Tent, Jan (2015).
1964:Poradniki Językowe
1710:Toponyms of Turkey
1486:Exonym and endonym
1438:Linguistics portal
1309:Erwin Gustav Gudde
1116:Indigenous mapping
1072:Slavic nationalism
956:Names on the Globe
779:- proper names of
664:- proper names of
639:Toponymic typology
458:Theory of language
428:Origin of language
383:Autonomy of syntax
338:Grammaticalization
184:Discourse analysis
179:Corpus linguistics
34:Place name origins
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3750:By life situation
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3348:Indigenous origin
3306:Romanian counties
3267:State, county and
3258:Philippine cities
3191:Short place names
3093:Ghana Place Names
2991:. Pandanus Books.
2915:Language Sciences
2908:on 30 April 2009.
2902:MyDanishRoots.com
2434:978-0-19-501895-0
1745:Welsh place names
1700:Roman place names
1583:Germanic toponymy
1561:Regional toponymy
1520:Toponymic surname
1416:William J. Watson
1386:George R. Stewart
1374:Albert Hugh Smith
1362:Henry Schoolcraft
1303:Michel Grosclaude
1231:Marcel Aurousseau
1151:, as well as the
960:George R. Stewart
924:
923:
916:
898:, as appropriate.
513:
512:
301:Distributionalism
244:Psycholinguistics
16:(Redirected from
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5080:Anthropomorphism
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4773:Buddhist surname
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4529:Hispanic America
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4394:African-American
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4056:and Western Asia
4021:and Central Asia
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3643:Double-barrelled
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3276:Brazilian states
3212:Ho Chi Minh City
3207:Falkland Islands
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1966:. Katowice, PL:
1949:
1943:
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1658:Maghreb toponymy
1459:Related concepts
1454:
1452:Geography portal
1449:
1448:
1447:
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1356:Charles Rostaing
1344:Robert L. Ramsay
1297:Margaret Gelling
1287:
1076:Saint Petersburg
1068:renaming streets
919:
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606:
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542:geographic names
526:is the study of
505:
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423:LGBT linguistics
413:Internationalism
388:Compositionality
249:Sociolinguistics
224:Neurolinguistics
219:Interlinguistics
204:Ethnomethodology
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3253:Canadian cities
3241:
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3110:searchable map.
3075:Celtic toponymy
3050:
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3037:Wayback Machine
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2918:30(2/3):200–26.
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2871:Further reading
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1578:German toponymy
1573:Celtic toponymy
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1496:Lists of places
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2279:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2118:
2102:"toponymy, n."
2093:
2050:
2034:
2022:
2020:. 1974. p. 68.
2003:
1988:
1972:
1944:
1925:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
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1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
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1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
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1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
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1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1559:
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1556:
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1541:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1511:
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1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1441:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1392:Jan Paul Strid
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1261:Joan Coromines
1258:
1255:Richard Coates
1252:
1249:William Bright
1246:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1185:
1164:
1161:
1088:Vladimir Lenin
1074:, the name of
1047:
1044:
1002:
999:
942:, daughter of
932:folk etymology
922:
921:
882:of the subject
880:worldwide view
875:
873:
866:
860:
857:
856:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
821:
820:
819:
818:
810:
798:
797:
796:
790:
774:
768:
762:
761:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
722:
721:
720:
714:
700:
694:
688:
680:
670:
669:
666:cosmographical
659:
640:
637:
613:, 'name'. The
584:
581:
550:cosmographical
511:
510:
508:
507:
500:
493:
485:
482:
481:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
448:Prescriptivism
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
361:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
315:
314:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
265:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
82:
81:
76:
71:
65:
62:
61:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5292:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Mandaean name
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4756:Biblical name
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:Ancient Greek
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4228:North America
4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4019:Northern Asia
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:Nom de guerre
3866:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:Personal name
3554:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:9781108780384
3020:
3016:
3015:9781108748247
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2949:42(2):179–87.
2948:
2947:Cartographica
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:Cartographica
2931:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2863:
2861:9780810831698
2857:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2834:
2830:
2828:9781108780384
2824:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2670:
2666:
2664:9780786730896
2660:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2631:
2627:
2625:9780754674535
2621:
2618:. Routledge.
2617:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2563:
2561:9789211009156
2557:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2415:
2412:
2409:, p. 80.
2408:
2403:
2400:
2397:, p. 62.
2396:
2391:
2388:
2385:, p. 23.
2384:
2379:
2376:
2373:, p. 49.
2372:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2352:
2349:, p. 92.
2348:
2343:
2340:
2337:, p. 75.
2336:
2331:
2328:
2325:, p. 54.
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:, p. 84.
2312:
2307:
2304:
2301:, p. 79.
2300:
2295:
2292:
2289:, p. 71.
2288:
2283:
2280:
2277:, p. 56.
2276:
2271:
2268:
2265:, p. 48.
2264:
2259:
2256:
2253:, p. 51.
2252:
2247:
2244:
2241:, p. 13.
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2224:, p. 25.
2223:
2218:
2215:
2212:, p. 35.
2211:
2206:
2203:
2200:, p. 34.
2199:
2194:
2191:
2188:, p. 33.
2187:
2182:
2179:
2176:, p. 20.
2175:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:, p. 27.
2148:
2143:
2140:
2137:, p. 46.
2136:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1932:
1928:
1926:9781108780384
1922:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1907:
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1903:
1901:
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1474:
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1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:Frank Stenton
1378:
1375:
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1363:
1360:
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1327:
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1321:
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1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:Henry Gannett
1289:
1285:
1280:
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1271:
1268:
1267:Albert Dauzat
1265:
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1050:In 2002, the
1045:
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1024:
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1017:F. M. Powicke
1013:
1011:
1006:
1001:Toponomastics
1000:
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828:asteroidonyms
826:
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646:
645:
644:
638:
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634:
630:
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622:
618:
617:
611:
599:
590:
589:Ancient Greek
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:toponomastics
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:
525:
524:toponomastics
521:
517:
506:
501:
499:
494:
492:
487:
486:
484:
483:
480:
476:
472:
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464:
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431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
398:Descriptivism
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
374:
373:
366:
365:Structuralism
363:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
348:Prague circle
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
312:
309:
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302:
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297:
294:
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288:
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283:
277:
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269:
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260:
257:
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250:
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232:
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225:
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210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
194:Documentation
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
169:Computational
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
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152:
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5234:Signum manus
5222:Royal cypher
5187:
5172:Nomen nescio
5170:
5166:Nomenclature
5161:Naming taboo
4973:Professional
4816:of authority
4766:Saint's name
4431:Scandinavian
4053:Muslim world
3891:
3867:
3838:
3718:
3690:Occupational
3549:anthroponymy
3154:
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2995:
2988:
2977:. Retrieved
2965:
2961:
2946:
2938:41(2):149–64
2933:
2922:
2913:
2906:the original
2901:
2878:
2850:
2837:. Retrieved
2817:
2806:
2783:. Retrieved
2750:(2): 85–87.
2747:
2743:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2704:
2695:
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2673:. Retrieved
2653:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2615:
2605:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2550:
2544:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2487:(2): 65–73.
2484:
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2414:
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2282:
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2169:
2164:, p. 4.
2142:
2130:
2121:
2110:, retrieved
2105:
2096:
2072:(2): 65–74.
2069:
2063:
2053:
2043:
2037:
2025:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1991:
1981:
1975:
1963:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1915:
1878:
1868:
1466:Anthroponymy
1398:Isaac Taylor
1368:Walter Skeat
1332:Oliver Padel
1320:Ernest Nègre
1279:Yoel Elitzur
1237:Guido Borghi
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1134:
1124:
1122:themselves.
1109:
1105:postcolonial
1091:
1090:and back to
1083:
1079:
1066:practice of
1060:
1049:
1028:
1025:
1021:philologists
1014:
1007:
1004:
995:
978:
967:
963:
955:
925:
910:
901:
877:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
822:
812:
806:
800:
792:
786:
776:
771:metatoponyms
770:
764:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
724:
716:
710:
702:
696:
690:
682:
676:
671:
661:
652:geographical
647:
642:
628:
624:
620:
614:
586:
576:
573:proper names
564:
560:
556:
554:
541:
537:
534:proper names
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:
311:Glossematics
291:Constituency
263:interpreting
101:Lexicography
29:
5207:Proper name
5129:Name change
4983:Educational
4961:Substantive
4900:decorations
4783:Jewish name
4778:Dharma name
4743:By religion
4408:Hongkongese
4233:Australasia
4073:Azerbaijani
3806:Regnal name
3787:Temple name
3617:Middle name
3605:By sequence
3582:Matrilineal
3578:Patrilineal
3339:New Zealand
3316:UK counties
3237:New Zealand
3200:Place names
2469:69. p. 312.
1350:Adrian Room
1314:Joshua Nash
1282: [
1157:Gulf States
1064:revisionist
1036:Google Maps
928:etiological
904:August 2023
852:planetonyms
846:meteoronyms
633:geographers
538:place names
463:Terminology
438:Orthography
358:Usage-based
259:Translating
154:Acquisition
59:Linguistics
5200:Identifier
5183:Onomastics
5124:Legal name
5104:Deadnaming
5000:Diplomatic
4956:Subsidiary
4951:Hereditary
4842:Diplomatic
4761:Papal name
4670:Indonesian
4636:South Asia
4632:Indosphere
4598:Macedonian
4571:Belarusian
4478:Portuguese
4320:Lithuanian
4214:Zimbabwean
4010:Vietnamese
3970:Generation
3937:East Asian
3925:By culture
3899:Stage name
3856:Hypocorism
3821:Pseudonyms
3811:Slave name
3762:Birth name
3714:Teknonymic
3695:Patronymic
3675:Matronymic
3638:Diminutive
3612:First name
3568:Given name
3563:Birth name
3246:City names
2675:29 October
2636:29 October
2106:OED Online
2016:New York:
1888:References
988:and count
964:Hellespont
936:Hellespont
840:cometonyms
801:urbanonyms
787:speleonyms
765:insulonyms
757:potamonyms
751:pelagonyms
745:oceanonyms
629:place-name
577:toponymist
569:onomastics
561:toponymics
552:features.
520:toponymics
433:Orismology
318:Functional
306:Generative
296:Dependency
116:Pragmatics
106:Morphology
96:Diachronic
41:Toponomics
5212:Signature
5099:Call sign
5075:Anonymity
5010:Religious
4936:Chivalric
4857:Religious
4852:Judiciary
4837:Honorific
4820:of honour
4719:Sinhalese
4709:Pakistani
4694:Malaysian
4689:Cambodian
4593:Kashubian
4585:Ukrainian
4550:Bulgarian
4489:Praenomen
4426:Icelandic
4297:Hungarian
4098:Pakistani
4033:Mongolian
3887:Ring name
3880:Heteronym
3846:Nicknames
3767:Code name
3719:Toponymic
3709:Sobriquet
3685:Mononymic
3680:Metonymic
3622:Last name
3321:US states
3217:Hong Kong
3186:Numerical
3171:Countries
3153:Lists of
2979:1 January
2925:. Leméac.
2772:128707537
2720:23 August
2597:144414677
2451:, p. 182.
2407:Room 1996
2395:Room 1996
2383:Room 1996
2371:Room 1996
2359:Room 1996
2347:Room 1996
2335:Room 1996
2323:Room 1996
2311:Room 1996
2299:Room 1996
2287:Room 1996
2275:Room 1996
2263:Room 1996
2251:Room 1996
2239:Room 1996
2222:Room 1996
2210:Room 1996
2198:Room 1996
2186:Room 1996
2174:Room 1996
2162:Room 1996
2147:Room 1996
2135:Room 1996
2088:144115142
2030:Room 1996
1532:Hydronymy
1491:Gazetteer
1481:Ethnonymy
1136:Macedonia
1129:in which
1107:context.
1084:Leningrad
1080:Petrograd
981:Petermann
974:Black Sea
952:Pelasgian
892:talk page
834:astronyms
807:agoronyms
793:petronyms
739:limnonyms
726:hydronyms
717:astionyms
697:drymonyms
691:dromonyms
684:choronyms
662:cosmonyms
583:Etymology
408:Iconicity
403:Etymology
323:Cognitive
286:Formalist
239:Phonetics
229:Philology
121:Semantics
111:Phonology
18:Placename
5280:Toponymy
5274:Category
5229:Khelrtva
5217:Monogram
5178:Misnomer
5156:Namesake
5090:National
5047:Name day
5005:Judicial
4995:Business
4988:Honorary
4978:Academic
4968:Military
4941:Courtesy
4926:Academic
4891:Academic
4881:Emeritus
4684:Javanese
4665:Filipino
4650:Balinese
4618:Suffixes
4555:Croatian
4518:Romanian
4503:Cognomen
4401:Canadian
4387:American
4368:Germanic
4353:Scottish
4271:Georgian
4261:Estonian
4246:Armenian
4241:Albanian
4199:Ghanaian
4156:Hawaiian
4093:Mandaean
4000:Okinawan
3985:Japanese
3956:Courtesy
3916:Username
3909:Mononyms
3875:Pen name
3861:Monarchs
3834:Art name
3777:Necronym
3757:Aptronym
3670:Eponymic
3631:By trait
3427:glossary
3408:Armenian
3397:glossary
3355:Americas
3033:Archived
2970:Archived
2833:Archived
2776:Archived
2714:Archived
2669:Archived
2630:Archived
2112:13 March
1956:Archived
1931:Archived
1879:Toponymy
1869:Toponymy
1513:Toponymy
1471:Demonymy
1424:See also
1404:Jan Tent
1143:between
886:You may
814:hodonyms
733:helonyms
711:comonyms
677:agronyms
621:toponymy
619:records
557:toponymy
529:toponyms
516:Toponymy
209:Forensic
189:Distance
136:Typology
51:a series
49:Part of
5149:Surname
5070:Acronym
5063:Related
5042:Baptism
4676:Chinese
4660:Burmese
4655:Bengali
4608:Serbian
4578:Russian
4523:Spanish
4510:Agnomen
4473:Occitan
4468:Italian
4458:Catalan
4450:Romance
4437:Swedish
4381:English
4338:Cornish
4315:Latvian
4289:Cypriot
4266:Finnish
4179:Ashanti
4138:Oceania
4128:Turkish
4108:Persian
4103:Pashtun
4078:Bengali
4043:Tibetan
3950:Chinese
3893:Shikona
3799:Notname
3731:Patrial
3724:Surname
3701:Surname
3648:Epithet
3587:Affixes
3573:Surname
3488:Britain
3479:Balkans
3433:Iranian
3403:Aramaic
3180:Ireland
2797:Sources
2752:Bibcode
2516:Bibcode
2044:Marulić
1501:Oeconym
948:Phrixus
944:Athamas
859:History
777:oronyms
704:econyms
648:geonyms
625:toponym
164:Applied
74:History
69:Outline
5239:Tughra
5144:Middle
5114:Family
4918:Titles
4904:medals
4902:, and
4896:Orders
4876:Suffix
4829:Styles
4788:Hebrew
4714:Sindhi
4699:Indian
4613:Slovak
4603:Polish
4542:Slavic
4463:French
4421:Gothic
4416:German
4330:Celtic
4307:Baltic
4256:Basque
4224:Europe
4209:Yoruba
4151:Fijian
4118:Somali
4113:Sindhi
4088:Coptic
4083:Berber
4068:Arabic
4063:Afghan
4028:Kalmyk
3995:Manchu
3990:Korean
3977:Titles
3741:Virtue
3736:Unisex
3658:Common
3653:Animal
3499:Rivers
3484:Europe
3469:Africa
3423:Hebrew
3413:German
3393:Arabic
3030:Book 1
3026:Book 0
3021:
3013:
2889:
2858:
2839:17 May
2825:
2785:31 May
2770:
2698:: 460.
2661:
2622:
2595:
2558:
2536:212463
2534:
2431:
2086:
1937:17 May
1923:
1192:France
1139:, the
1131:Greece
969:Pontus
781:relief
479:Portal
377:Topics
126:Syntax
5189:-onym
5139:Given
5135:List
5020:Papal
4946:False
4560:Czech
4496:Nomen
4483:Roman
4376:Dutch
4358:Welsh
4343:Irish
4276:Greek
4161:Māori
4123:Tatar
4038:Sakha
3945:Amami
3663:Plant
3457:Latin
3448:Welsh
3438:Irish
3418:Greek
3232:Nepal
3227:Korea
3222:India
2973:(PDF)
2958:(PDF)
2779:(PDF)
2768:S2CID
2740:(PDF)
2593:S2CID
2532:JSTOR
2481:Names
2084:S2CID
2065:Names
1764:Other
1286:]
1149:Korea
1145:Japan
940:Helle
894:, or
656:Earth
610:onoma
604:ὄνομα
598:tópos
593:τόπος
522:, or
79:Index
4812:List
4729:Thai
4639:and
4348:Manx
4231:and
4204:Igbo
3904:List
3851:list
3840:Bugō
3825:list
3547:and
3474:Asia
3106:'s:
3102:The
3019:ISBN
3011:ISBN
2981:2021
2887:ISBN
2856:ISBN
2841:2023
2823:ISBN
2787:2016
2722:2021
2677:2020
2659:ISBN
2638:2020
2620:ISBN
2556:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2114:2022
1939:2023
1921:ISBN
1147:and
540:and
261:and
254:Text
4704:Lao
4194:Ewe
3963:Art
3116:on
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