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Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase

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in males. PMCA types 2 and 3 are activated more quickly and are, therefore, better suited to excitable cell types such as those in nervous and muscle tissue, which experiences large influxes of Ca when excited. PMCA types 1, 2, and 4 have been found in
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Jensen, Thomas P.; Buckby, Lucy E.; Empson, Ruth M. (2004). "Expression of plasma membrane Ca ATPase family members and associated synaptic proteins in acute and cultured organotypic hippocampal slices from rat".
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Graf, Ernst; Verma, Anil K.; Gorski, Jeffrey P.; Lopaschuk, Gary; Niggli, Verena; Zurini, Mauro; Carafoli, E.; Penniston, John T. (1982). "Molecular Properties of Calcium-Pumping ATPase from Human Erythrocytes".
2168: 163:, so its levels must be kept low in cells to prevent noise and keep signalling accurate. The NCX is better suited for removing large amounts of Ca quickly, as is needed in 1435:
Penniston, John T.; Gfiloteo, Adelaida; McDonough, Carol S.; Carafoli, Ernesto (1988). "Purification, reconstitution, and regulation of plasma membrane Ca
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PMCA isoform 4 has a molecular weight of 134,683, calculated from its sequence. This is in good agreement with the results of SDS gel electrophoresis.
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Strehler, Emanuel E.; Zacharias, David A. (2001). "Role of alternative splicing in generating isoform diversity among plasma membrane calcium pumps".
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When the PMCA fails to function properly, disease can result. Improperly functioning PMCA proteins have been found associated with conditions such as
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Ca concentrations. Since it transports Ca into the extracellular space, the PMCA is also an important regulator of the calcium concentration in the
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VanHouten, Joshua; Sullivan, Catherine; Bazinet, Caroline; Ryoo, Tom; Camp, Robert; Rimm, David L.; Chung, Gina; Wysolmerski, John (2010-06-22).
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activity, since the PMCA is involved in regulating the amount of calcium within the cell at the synapse, and Ca is involved in release of
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Burette, Alain; Weinberg, Richard J. (February 2007). "Perisynaptic organization of plasma membrane calcium pumps in cerebellar cortex".
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in mammals, though it was previously thought that only the NCX was present in glia. Astrocytes help to maintain ionic balance in the
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transcripts of these genes results in different subtypes of these isoforms. Over 20 splice variants have been identified so far.
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for PMCA pumps than for SERCA pumps. It is thought that the PMCA pump has 10 segments that cross the plasma membrane, with both
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lowers calcium levels inside malignant cells, allowing them to avoid apoptosis. These tumors are also usually positive for the
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in length. This tail is thought to be responsible for regulation of the pump. PMCA pumps have a molecular mass of around 140
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20 to 30 times. Calmodulin also increases the rate at which the pump extrudes Ca from the cell, possibly up to tenfold.
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The PMCA functions in a similar manner to other p-type ion pumps. ATP transfers a phosphate to the PMCA, which forms a
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was discovered in the membranes in 1961, and then in 1966 it was discovered that these ATPases pump Ca out of the
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Talarico, Ernest F. Jr.; Kennedy, Brian G.; Marfurt, Carl F.; Loeffler, Karin U.; Mangini, Nancy J. (2005).
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Shehzad, Adeeb; Shahzad, Raheem; Lee, Young Sup (2014-01-01), Bathaie, S. Zahra; Tamanoi, Fuyuhiko (eds.),
1321: 1209: 1154: 841: 786: 739:"Pre-synaptic plasma membrane isoform 2a regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal CA3" 714: 608: 2652: 2292: 1989: 1473: 1254: 1226: 1113:"The plasmamembrane calmodulin–dependent calcium pump : a major regulator of nitric oxide synthase I" 1092: 1048:
Fresu, Luigia; Dehpour, Ahmed; Genazzani, Armando A.; Carafoli, Ernesto; Guerini, Danilo (November 1999).
950: 892: 685:"Expression and immunolocalization of plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms in human corneal epithelium" 662: 538: 465: 382: 229: 125: 151:, which has a low affinity and a high capacity. Thus, the PMCA is effective at binding Ca even when its 2782: 2690: 1381:"Purification of the (Ca-Mg) ATPase from Human Erythrocyte Membranes using a Calmodulin Affinity Column" 1336: 1007: 965: 461: 439: 359: 233: 136:
removed for each molecule of ATP hydrolysed. It binds tightly to Ca ions (has a high affinity, with a
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Verma, Anil K.; Filoteo, Adelaida G.; Stanford, David R.; Wieben, Eric D.; Penniston, John T. (1988).
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do not survive. Lack of PMCA4, which is also very common in many tissues, is survivable, but leads to
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calcium pumps, which are responsible for removing calcium from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the
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within the cell are very low, so it is suited for maintaining Ca at its normally very low levels.
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Biomembranes Part Q: ATP-Driven Pumps and Related Transport: Calcium, Proton, and Potassium Pumps
1270:"PMCA2 regulates apoptosis during mammary gland involution and predicts outcome in breast cancer" 1081: 881: 597: 294: 156: 192:
In brain tissue, it has been postulated that certain types of PMCA are important for regulating
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Each isoform is coded by a different gene and is expressed in different areas of the body.
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on the inside of the cell. At the C terminus, there is a long "tail" of between 70 and 200
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Schuh, Kai; Uldrijan, Stjepan; Telkamp, Myriam; Röthlein, Nicola; Neyses, Ludwig (2001).
806: 1286: 200:. Additionally, it has been shown that PMCA activity is modulated and partly powered by 2302: 1937: 1921: 1385: 1352: 1305: 1269: 1174: 1138: 1112: 1054: 1019: 977: 934: 907: 764: 477: 397: 58:(Ca) from the cell. PMCA function is vital for regulating the amount of Ca within all 51: 1398: 1337:"Chapter Eight - Curcumin: A Potent Modulator of Multiple Enzymes in Multiple Cancers" 1187: 738: 523: 3042: 2846: 2456: 2017: 1829: 1448: 1117: 964:
Lopez, Jose R.; Allen, Paul D. (2012-01-01), Hill, Joseph A.; Olson, Eric N. (eds.),
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Jensen, Thomas P.; Filoteo, Adelaida G.; Knopfel, Thomas; Empson, Ruth M. (2006).
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binds and further activates the PMCA, increasing the affinity of the protein's Ca-
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Edes, Istvan; Kranias, Evangelia G. (1995-01-01), Sperelakis, NICHOLAS (ed.),
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10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199911)28:2<150::AID-GLIA6>3.0.CO;2-7
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Ivannikov, Maxim V.; Sugimori, Mutsuyuki; Llinás, Rodolfo R. (2010).
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PMCA was first purified from red blood cell membranes in 1979.
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Niggli, Verena; Penniston, John T.; Carafoli, Ernesto (1979).
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Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects
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in varying distributions. PMCA1 is ubiquitous throughout all
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PMCAs were first discovered in the 1960s in the membranes of
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Carafoli, E. (1991). "Calcium pump of the plasma membrane".
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into cells, yet it is very important that they maintain low
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Three PMCA isoforms, PMCA1, PMCA2, and PMCA3, occur in the
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The structure of the PMCA is similar to that of the
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There is a very large transmembrane 54:that functions as a calcium pump to remove 2547: 2277: 2270: 2169: 2155: 2147: 1561: 1523: 1509: 1501: 1281:(25) (published 2010-06-04): 11405–11410. 732: 730: 728: 726: 724: 678: 676: 674: 672: 628: 626: 624: 622: 620: 618: 566: 564: 562: 560: 558: 556: 554: 552: 550: 548: 86:(NCX) are together the main regulators of 1912:3.A.3.1.4: H/K transporting, nongastric: 1493:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 1397: 1304: 1294: 1186: 1137: 1067: 933: 763: 442:. Persistent PMCA2 expression in certain 232:. Calcium tends to have a slightly lower 1106: 1104: 1102: 800: 798: 796: 25: 864:(6) (published 2006-12-20): 1127–1135. 499: 21:Protein misfolding cyclic amplification 1062:(2) (published 1999-10-22): 150–155. 7: 1014:, Academic Press, pp. 156–165, 99:P-type primary ion transport ATPases 82:to remove the Ca. The PMCA and the 1353:10.1016/b978-0-12-802215-3.00008-2 1020:10.1016/b978-0-12-656970-4.50019-1 978:10.1016/b978-0-12-381510-1.00056-9 264:of PMCA, called PMCA 1 through 4. 14: 1557:F-, V-, and A-type ATPase (3.A.2) 524:10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.06.004 460:can bind to the PMCA, inducing a 1472: 1419: 1320: 1253: 1208: 1153: 1091: 949: 891: 840: 785: 713: 661: 607: 537: 358:. Isoform PMCA4b interacts with 1573:H transporting, mitochondrial: 66:of Ca driving the entry of the 97:PMCAs belong to the family of 1: 1399:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)86652-8 1275:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1188:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68198-0 648:10.1152/physrev.1991.71.1.129 434:, leading to calcium-induced 30:Rendered image of the Ca pump 1449:10.1016/0076-6879(88)57089-1 756:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.123901 586:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.21 511:Developmental Brain Research 430:. PMCA2 expression falls on 2939:Protein-synthesizing GTPase 1347:, Academic Press: 149–174, 1012:Cell Physiology Source Book 120:The pump is powered by the 3065: 3049:Transmembrane transporters 1983:3.A.3.5: Cu transporting: 1532:Membrane transport protein 926:10.1016/j.ceca.2010.04.004 312:in humans, and without it 18: 2998:Guanylate-binding protein 2182:acid anhydride hydrolases 2132: 1678:H transporting, lysosomal 362:and reduces synthesis of 36:plasma membrane Ca ATPase 2553:Heterotrimeric G protein 2248:Phosphoadenylylsulfatase 1495:Medical Subject Headings 440:mammary gland involution 216:in the plasma membrane. 84:sodium calcium exchanger 64:electrochemical gradient 2225:Thiamine-triphosphatase 1296:10.1073/pnas.0911186107 807:"5. Membrane Transport" 450:, tend to involve the 383:sensorineural deafness 230:sarcoplasmic reticulum 126:adenosine triphosphate 31: 2980:Polymerization motors 2691:Rho family of GTPases 1130:10.1083/jcb.200104131 480:. The presence of an 462:conformational change 360:nitric oxide synthase 29: 343:problems, including 214:glucose transporters 2988:dynamin superfamily 2086:Class VI, type 11: 1287:2010PNAS..10711405V 1240:10.1021/bi00261a049 1181:(28): 14152–14159. 1008:"13 - Ca2+-ATPases" 331:extracellular space 92:extracellular space 2070:Class V, type 10: 2059:Class II, type 9: 426:of the cells into 347:and problems with 295:Alternate splicing 32: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3031: 2533: 2532: 2498: 2497: 2243:Adenylylsulfatase 2144: 2143: 2033:Class I, type 8: 1840:Na/K transporting 1824: 1823: 1458:978-0-12-182058-9 1392:(20): 9955–9958. 1234:(18): 4511–4516. 1029:978-0-12-656970-4 987:978-0-12-381510-1 870:10.1002/cne.21237 820:978-0-397-51820-3 198:synaptic vesicles 74:of Ca for proper 44:transport protein 16:Transport protein 3056: 2548: 2278: 2271: 2171: 2164: 2157: 2148: 2137:ATPase disorders 2008:Other/ungrouped: 1562: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1502: 1479: 1477: 1476: 1470: 1432: 1426: 1424: 1423: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1401: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1332: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1318: 1308: 1298: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1251: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1206: 1204: 1203: 1190: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1141: 1108: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1089: 1071: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1003: 997: 996: 995: 994: 961: 955: 954: 953: 947: 937: 903: 897: 896: 895: 889: 858:J. Comp. Neurol. 852: 846: 845: 844: 838: 836: 835: 802: 791: 790: 789: 783: 781: 780: 767: 734: 719: 718: 717: 711: 709: 708: 680: 667: 666: 665: 659: 630: 613: 612: 611: 605: 568: 543: 542: 541: 535: 504: 420:epithelial cells 418:tissue, mammary 402:neurotransmitter 354:PMCA4 exists in 339:of PMCA2 causes 169:action potential 161:second messenger 159:is an important 108:, including the 3064: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3053: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3028: 2973: 2932: 2683:Ras superfamily 2672: 2656: 2636: 2582: 2572: 2564: 2529: 2494: 2450: 2431: 2377: 2334:Plasma membrane 2297: 2252: 2229: 2203:Pyrophosphatase 2189: 2175: 2145: 2140: 2128: 2025:Mg transporting 1938:Ca transporting 1820: 1819:found in Archea 1808: 1664: 1551: 1529: 1487: 1482: 1471: 1459: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1418: 1412: 1410: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1365: 1363: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1319: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1252: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1207: 1201: 1199: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1152: 1110: 1109: 1100: 1090: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1005: 1004: 1000: 992: 990: 988: 963: 962: 958: 948: 905: 904: 900: 890: 854: 853: 849: 839: 833: 831: 821: 804: 803: 794: 784: 778: 776: 736: 735: 722: 712: 706: 704: 682: 681: 670: 660: 632: 631: 616: 606: 570: 569: 546: 536: 506: 505: 501: 497: 478:red blood cells 474: 379: 260:There are four 258: 222: 143:of 100 to 200 n 141: 118: 76:cell signalling 48:plasma membrane 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3062: 3060: 3052: 3051: 3041: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2984: 2982: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2943: 2941: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2687: 2685: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2545: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2461: 2459: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2308: 2306: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2282: 2281:Cu++ (3.6.3.4) 2275: 2268: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2199: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2166: 2159: 2151: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2068: 2063: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2031: 2021: 2020: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1917: 1916: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1897:H/K exchanging 1894: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1835: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1570: 1568: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1505: 1499: 1498: 1486: 1485:External links 1483: 1481: 1480: 1457: 1436: 1427: 1386:J. Biol. Chem. 1371: 1327: 1260: 1215: 1175:J. Biol. Chem. 1160: 1124:(2): 201–205. 1098: 1040: 1028: 998: 986: 956: 920:(6): 507–513. 898: 847: 819: 792: 720: 668: 642:(1): 129–153. 614: 544: 518:(2): 129–136. 498: 496: 493: 473: 470: 468:from binding. 464:that prevents 444:breast cancers 424:apical surface 398:excitotoxicity 378: 375: 333:in the brain. 291: 290: 284: 278: 272: 257: 254: 221: 218: 178:intermediate. 176:phosphorylated 153:concentrations 139: 128:(ATP), with a 117: 114: 72:concentrations 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3061: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2583: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2457:P-type ATPase 2453: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2139: 2138: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1830:P-type ATPase 1827: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1475: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1431: 1428: 1422: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1375: 1372: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1331: 1328: 1323: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1164: 1161: 1156: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1118:J. Cell Biol. 1114: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1041: 1031: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1002: 999: 989: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 960: 957: 952: 945: 941: 936: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 914: 909: 902: 899: 894: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 860: 859: 851: 848: 843: 830: 826: 822: 816: 812: 808: 801: 799: 797: 793: 788: 775: 771: 766: 761: 757: 753: 749: 746: 745: 740: 733: 731: 729: 727: 725: 721: 716: 703: 699: 695: 692: 691: 686: 679: 677: 675: 673: 669: 664: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 638: 637: 636:Physiol. Rev. 629: 627: 625: 623: 621: 619: 615: 610: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 576: 575: 574:Physiol. Rev. 567: 565: 563: 561: 559: 557: 555: 553: 551: 549: 545: 540: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 512: 503: 500: 494: 492: 489: 487: 483: 479: 471: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 412: 410: 407:overactivate 406: 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 384: 376: 374: 371: 369: 365: 361: 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 332: 328: 324: 319: 315: 311: 307: 302: 300: 296: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 266: 265: 263: 255: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 219: 217: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 190: 188: 184: 179: 177: 172: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 135: 131: 130:stoichiometry 127: 123: 115: 113: 111: 107: 102: 100: 95: 93: 89: 88:intracellular 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 28: 22: 2826: 2760: 2716: 2694: 2679:Small GTPase 2333: 2293:Wilson/ATP7B 2288:Menkes/ATP7A 2134: 1544:ATP synthase 1440: 1430: 1411:. Retrieved 1389: 1384: 1374: 1364:, retrieved 1344: 1340: 1330: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1231: 1227:Biochemistry 1225: 1218: 1200:. Retrieved 1178: 1173: 1163: 1121: 1116: 1059: 1053: 1043: 1033:, retrieved 1011: 1001: 991:, retrieved 969: 959: 917: 913:Cell Calcium 911: 901: 861: 856: 850: 832:. Retrieved 810: 777:. Retrieved 750:(1): 85–99. 747: 742: 705:. Retrieved 693: 688: 639: 634: 580:(1): 21–50. 577: 572: 515: 509: 502: 490: 475: 456: 448:HER2 protein 413: 395: 391:hypertension 380: 372: 364:nitric oxide 353: 345:hearing loss 335: 303: 292: 259: 223: 204:in neuronal 191: 187:binding site 180: 173: 119: 103: 96: 39: 35: 33: 3003:Mitofusin-1 2978:3.6.5.5-6: 2947:Prokaryotic 1996:3.A.3.8.8: 1890:3.A.3.1.2: 1838:3.A.3.1.1: 1341:The Enzymes 744:J. Physiol. 696:: 169–178. 452:lymph nodes 323:glial cells 318:infertility 246:amino acids 2969:Eukaryotic 2602:Transducin 2439:(3.6.3.10) 2178:Hydrolases 1670:H (V-type) 1566:H (F-type) 1548:TC 3A2-3A3 1413:2013-12-25 1366:2020-11-08 1202:2013-12-25 1035:2020-11-08 993:2020-11-08 834:2013-12-25 779:2007-01-13 707:2013-12-25 495:References 327:astrocytes 202:glycolysis 183:calmodulin 132:of one Ca 122:hydrolysis 60:eukaryotic 2937:3.6.5.3: 2677:3.6.5.2: 2619:Gustducin 2551:3.6.5.1: 2385:(3.6.3.9) 2305:(3.6.3.8) 2208:Inorganic 2135:see also 2102:type 13: 1920:3.A.3.2: 1536:ion pumps 1439:-pumps". 690:Mol. Vis. 436:apoptosis 405:glutamate 377:Pathology 341:inner ear 337:Knock-out 242:N termini 220:Structure 210:dendrites 167:after an 80:ion pumps 3043:Category 2213:Thiamine 1998:flippase 1814:A-ATPase 1797:ATP6V0E1 1787:ATP6V0D2 1782:ATP6V0D1 1767:ATP6V0A4 1762:ATP6V0A2 1757:ATP6V0A1 1747:ATP6V1G3 1742:ATP6V1G2 1737:ATP6V1G1 1727:ATP6V1E2 1722:ATP6V1E1 1712:ATP6V1C2 1707:ATP6V1C1 1702:ATP6V1B2 1697:ATP6V1B1 1361:27102703 1315:20534448 1148:11591728 1086:44343760 1078:10533058 944:20510449 886:22110231 878:17183553 829:39013748 774:17170045 702:15765049 594:11152753 532:15351500 458:Curcumin 387:diabetes 366:by that 356:caveolae 262:isoforms 256:Isoforms 234:affinity 194:synaptic 3024:Tubulin 2993:Dynamin 2845:other: 2525:Katanin 2515:Kinesin 2490:ATP13A3 2485:ATP13A2 2220:Apyrase 2124:ATP13A5 2119:ATP13A4 2114:ATP13A3 2109:ATP13A2 2104:ATP13A1 1832:(3.A.3) 1792:ATP6V0E 1777:ATP6V0C 1772:ATP6V0B 1752:ATP6V1H 1732:ATP6V1F 1717:ATP6V1D 1692:ATP6V1A 1687:ATP6AP2 1682:ATP6AP1 1540:ATPases 1467:2976465 1306:2895115 1283:Bibcode 1248:6215062 1197:2844759 1139:2198825 935:2900537 765:2075377 656:1986387 602:9062253 486:cytosol 472:History 432:weaning 409:neurons 349:balance 325:called 314:embryos 310:tissues 297:of the 289:- PMCA4 283:- PMCA3 277:- PMCA2 271:- PMCA1 165:neurons 157:Calcium 116:Actions 106:tissues 56:calcium 46:in the 42:) is a 2901:ARL13B 2761:RhoBTB 2655:α12/13 2543:GTPase 2520:Myosin 2510:Dynein 2480:ATP12A 2475:ATP11B 2470:ATP10A 2465:ATP8B1 2455:Other 2427:ATP1B4 2422:ATP1B3 2417:ATP1B2 2412:ATP1B1 2407:ATP1A4 2402:ATP1A3 2397:ATP1A2 2392:ATP1A1 2383:Na+/K+ 2371:ATP2C2 2366:ATP2C1 2354:ATP2B4 2349:ATP2B3 2344:ATP2B2 2339:ATP2B1 2327:ATP2A3 2322:ATP2A2 2317:ATP2A1 2266:ATPase 2098:ATP11C 2093:ATP11B 2088:ATP11A 2082:ATP10D 2077:ATP10B 2072:ATP10A 2055:ATP8B4 2050:ATP8B3 2045:ATP8B2 2040:ATP8B1 2035:ATP8A1 2002:ATP8A2 1977:ATP2C1 1972:ATP2B4 1967:ATP2B3 1962:ATP2B2 1957:ATP2B1 1952:ATP2A3 1947:ATP2A2 1942:ATP2A1 1914:ATP12A 1884:ATP1G1 1879:ATP1B4 1874:ATP1B3 1869:ATP1B2 1864:ATP1B1 1859:ATP1A4 1854:ATP1A3 1849:ATP1A2 1844:ATP1A1 1804:TCIRG1 1650:ATP5L2 1640:ATP5J2 1620:ATP5G3 1615:ATP5G2 1610:ATP5G1 1605:ATP5F1 1590:ATP5C2 1585:ATP5C1 1575:ATP5A1 1497:(MeSH) 1465:  1455:  1408:158595 1406:  1359:  1313:  1303:  1246:  1195:  1146:  1136:  1084:  1076:  1026:  984:  970:Muscle 942:  932:  884:  876:  827:  817:  772:  762:  700:  654:  600:  592:  530:  482:ATPase 416:breast 389:, and 368:enzyme 287:ATP2B4 281:ATP2B3 275:ATP2B2 269:ATP2B1 206:somata 2957:EF-Tu 2896:SAR1B 2879:RAB27 2874:RAB23 2827:RhoDF 2717:RhoUV 2700:CDC42 2695:Cdc42 2681:> 2666:GNA13 2661:GNA12 2646:GNA11 2635:αq/11 2624:GNAT3 2612:GNAT2 2607:GNAT1 2597:GNAI3 2592:GNAI2 2587:GNAI1 2539:3.6.5 2503:3.6.4 2446:ATP4A 2437:H+/K+ 2312:SERCA 2274:3.6.3 2258:3.6.3 2235:3.6.2 2195:3.6.1 2066:ATP9B 2061:ATP9A 1990:ATP7B 1985:ATP7A 1926:SERCA 1906:ATP4B 1901:ATP4A 1660:ATP5S 1655:ATP5O 1645:ATP5L 1635:ATP5J 1630:ATP5I 1625:ATP5H 1600:ATP5E 1595:ATP5D 1580:ATP5B 1082:S2CID 882:S2CID 598:S2CID 306:brain 226:SERCA 110:brain 52:cells 3017:OPA1 3010:and 2962:EF-G 2952:IF-2 2918:Rheb 2906:ARL6 2891:ARF6 2862:NRAS 2857:KRAS 2852:HRAS 2837:RhoD 2832:RhoF 2778:RhoH 2754:RhoG 2739:Rac1 2727:RhoV 2722:RhoU 2705:TC10 2641:GNAQ 2361:SPCA 2188:3.6) 2029:ATP3 2014:Na/K 1936:) / 1934:SPCA 1930:PMCA 1463:PMID 1453:ISBN 1404:PMID 1357:PMID 1311:PMID 1244:PMID 1193:PMID 1144:PMID 1074:PMID 1055:Glia 1024:ISBN 982:ISBN 940:PMID 874:PMID 825:OCLC 815:ISBN 770:PMID 698:PMID 652:PMID 590:PMID 528:PMID 438:and 428:milk 299:mRNA 240:and 208:and 40:PMCA 34:The 3012:MX2 3008:MX1 2928:RGK 2923:Rap 2913:Ran 2886:Arf 2869:Rab 2847:Ras 2805:Rnd 2783:Rho 2734:Rac 2710:TCL 2571:olf 2303:Ca+ 1892:H/K 1445:doi 1394:doi 1390:254 1349:doi 1301:PMC 1291:doi 1279:107 1236:doi 1183:doi 1179:263 1134:PMC 1126:doi 1122:155 1064:doi 1016:doi 974:doi 930:PMC 922:doi 866:doi 862:500 760:PMC 752:doi 748:579 644:doi 582:doi 520:doi 516:152 466:ATP 414:In 396:In 250:kDa 181:Ca/ 149:NCX 134:ion 124:of 68:ion 50:of 3045:: 2693:: 2581:αi 2563:αs 2541:: 2264:: 2186:EC 2180:: 2027:: 2016:– 2000:: 1940:: 1932:, 1928:, 1922:Ca 1899:: 1842:: 1680:: 1542:/ 1538:, 1534:: 1461:. 1451:. 1402:. 1383:. 1355:, 1345:36 1339:, 1309:. 1299:. 1289:. 1272:. 1242:. 1232:21 1230:. 1191:. 1172:. 1142:. 1132:. 1115:. 1101:^ 1080:. 1072:. 1060:28 1058:. 1052:. 1022:, 1010:, 980:, 968:, 938:. 928:. 918:47 916:. 910:. 880:. 872:. 823:. 795:^ 768:. 758:. 741:. 723:^ 694:11 687:. 671:^ 650:. 640:71 617:^ 596:. 588:. 578:81 547:^ 526:. 514:. 488:. 393:. 385:, 370:. 351:. 252:. 112:. 94:. 2820:3 2815:2 2810:1 2798:C 2793:B 2788:A 2771:2 2766:1 2749:3 2744:2 2653:G 2633:G 2579:G 2569:G 2561:G 2262:4 2260:- 2184:( 2170:e 2163:t 2156:v 2018:H 1924:( 1550:) 1546:( 1524:e 1517:t 1510:v 1478:. 1469:. 1447:: 1437:2 1425:. 1416:. 1396:: 1351:: 1317:. 1293:: 1285:: 1250:. 1238:: 1205:. 1185:: 1150:. 1128:: 1088:. 1066:: 1018:: 976:: 946:. 924:: 888:. 868:: 837:. 782:. 754:: 710:. 658:. 646:: 604:. 584:: 534:. 522:: 238:C 145:M 140:m 138:K 38:( 23:.

Index

Protein misfolding cyclic amplification

transport protein
plasma membrane
cells
calcium
eukaryotic
electrochemical gradient
ion
concentrations
cell signalling
ion pumps
sodium calcium exchanger
intracellular
extracellular space
P-type primary ion transport ATPases
tissues
brain
hydrolysis
adenosine triphosphate
stoichiometry
ion
Km
M
NCX
concentrations
Calcium
second messenger
neurons
action potential

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