410:
stopping the medication and a clot forming versus the risk of bleeding during or after the surgery if medication is continued. A 2018 Cochrane Review that included five randomized controlled trials found low-certainty evidence to suggest that continuing or discontinuing antiplatelet therapy for a non-cardiac surgery does not make a difference in mortality, major bleeds that require surgery, or ischaemic events. The same review found moderate certainty evidence that continuing or discontinuing therapy also did not have a big difference on the incidence of bleeds requiring a blood transfusion.
3193:
3214:
336:
stroke with or without atrial fibrillation, any heart surgery (especially prosthetic replacement heart valve), Coronary Heart
Disease such as stable angina, unstable angina and heart attack, patients with coronary stent, Peripheral Vascular Disease/Peripheral Arterial Disease and apical/ventricular/mural thrombus.
954:
Wright RS, Anderson JL, Adams CD, Bridges CR, Casey DE, Ettinger SM, et al. (American
College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography
585:
Use of NSAIDs as part of dental management of patients with vascular disease should be discouraged as NSAIDs have antiplatelet effect. Instead, simple analgesics such as paracetamol or co-codamol should be of first choice. If NSAIDs are required, the risk of bleeding increases with duration of dental
423:
In patients with truly time-sensitive disease (defined in the 2014 ACC/AHA guidelines as needing to proceed in 2â6 weeks), DAPT can be stopped 3 (three) months (90 days) after a coronary stent is placed if postponing surgery any longer would result in significant morbidity. Examples of these types of
537:
Antiplatelet drugs effect may be affected by patient's medications, current medical conditions, food and supplements taken. Antiplatelet drugs effect may be increased or decreased. An increase in antiplatelet effect would increase the risk of bleeding and could cause prolonged or excessive bleeding.
409:
Antiplatelet therapy may increase the risk of a bleed during surgery, however, stopping therapy may increase the risk of other thrombotic problems including myocardial infarction. When considering these medications and the risk-benefit ratio in the perioperative period, one must consider the risk of
335:
Prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis is essential in patients with certain medical conditions whereby the risk of thrombosis or thromboembolism may result in disastrous consequences such as heart attack, pulmonary embolism or stroke. Patients who require the use of antiplatelet drugs are:
907:
Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, et al. (American
College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses
433:
Dentists should be aware of the risk of prolonged bleeding time in patients taking antiplatelet drugs when planning dental treatments that are likely to cause bleeding. Therefore, it is important for dentists to know how to assess patient's bleeding risk and how to manage them.
538:
A decrease in antiplatelet effect would reduce the risk of bleeding, but increase the thromboembolic risk. Drug toxicity may increase when multiple antiplatelet drugs are used. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common adverse event seen in many patients.
86:. Antiplatelet drugs can reversibly or irreversibly inhibit the process involved in platelet activation resulting in decreased tendency of platelets to adhere to one another and to damaged blood vessels' endothelium.
424:
surgeries include some cancer surgery and possibly some orthopedic surgery (non-urgent/emergent fracture management). Preferably 6 to 12 months of DAPT should be continued in patients having elective surgery.
550:
Cytotoxic drugs or drugs associated with bone marrow suppression (e.g.: leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, sulfasalazine, penicillamine, gold, methotrexate, azathioprine,
1082:"Long-term dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in the subgroup of patients with previous myocardial infarction: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials"
114:, ADP/P2Y inhibitors may be used as single-drug therapy instead. More severe and complicated cases are treated with dual antiplatelet therapy, or in some cases triple therapy that includes
3145:
2225:
807:
GarcĂa-Ropero Ă, Vargas-Delgado AP, Santos-Gallego CG, Badimon JJ (April 2020). "Direct Oral
Anticoagulants and Coronary Artery Disease: The Debacle of the Aspirin Era?".
957:"2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (updating the 2007 guideline)"
420:
CABG: Patients may proceed with surgery as soon as they are healed from the coronary artery bypass procedure and they do not need any specific amount of time on DAPT
3202:
873:
383:
is a prostacyclin that is used to inhibit platelet aggregation during renal dialysis (with or without heparin) and is also used in primary pulmonary hypertension.
170:
150:
myocardial infarctions, and other high-risk thrombotic conditions. Dual antiplatelet therapy has been found to significantly reduce rates of heart attacks,
2215:
2996:
1177:"Surgeon's guide to anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications part two: antiplatelet agents and perioperative management of long-term anticoagulation"
2045:
1283:
2193:
1375:
555:
2569:
2159:
82:
with one or more of these drugs decreases the ability of blood clots to form by interfering with the platelet activation process in primary
2856:
2849:
2956:
1226:"National estimates of emergency department visits for hemorrhage-related adverse events from clopidogrel plus aspirin and from warfarin"
1128:"Continuation versus discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy for bleeding and ischaemic events in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery"
618:
2599:
2462:
343:. Antiplatelet drugs alter the platelet activation at the site of vascular damage crucial to the development of arterial thrombosis.
142:, or another) is used to obtain greater effectiveness than with either agent alone. This is known as "dual antiplatelet therapy" (or
118:. Clinicians must make a choice that balances patient risk with the increased risks of bleeding associated with combination therapy.
1530:
1326:
910:"2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart diseasem"
2752:
2208:
2140:
1548:
1521:
1261:
317:
305:
220:
279:
1475:
685:
Persantin, Persantin Retard, Attia
Modified Release, Ofcram PR. Dual with aspirin: Asasantin Retard, Molita Modified Release
1276:
908:
Association, Society for
Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons) (December 2012).
283:
2451:
154:, and overall cardiovascular death, but is not used in low-risk patients because it significantly increases the risks of
2233:
1759:
207:
880:
3239:
3062:
2176:
1850:
1570:
266:
614:
2712:
2201:
115:
1932:
1906:
1898:
998:"Combination Antiplatelet and Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease"
1269:
414:
Balloon angioplasty in the preoperative periodââpatients can proceed to surgery two weeks after the procedure.
370:
inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase, causing an increase in cyclic AMP with potentiation of the action of PGI
2767:
2445:
2296:
2164:
358:(thromboxane â powerful vasoconstrictor that lowers cyclic AMP and initiates the platelet release reaction).
95:
2804:
2559:
1513:
1437:
111:
94:
Antiplatelet medications are one of the primary recommendations for treatment of both stable and unstable
68:
Antiplatelet drugs are widely used in primary and secondary prevention of thrombotic disease, especially
2489:
2425:
2270:
2041:
300:
69:
2564:
2544:
2413:
2103:
1682:
1637:
340:
59:
47:
3173:
2909:
2695:
2474:
2301:
1493:
3213:
3207:
3072:
2931:
2385:
1784:
1027:
832:
729:
1946:
1349:
1344:
1080:
Udell JA, Bonaca MP, Collet JP, Lincoff AM, Kereiakes DJ, Costa F, et al. (January 2016).
659:
Nu-Seals, Microprin, caprin Dual with dipyridamole: Asasantin Retard, Molita
Modified Release
17:
3168:
2951:
2941:
2844:
2674:
2630:
2614:
2418:
2408:
2351:
2028:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1744:
1296:
1247:
1206:
1157:
1103:
1062:
1019:
978:
931:
824:
789:
739:
3178:
3001:
2926:
2914:
2839:
2705:
2584:
2373:
2002:
1833:
1794:
1764:
1237:
1196:
1188:
1147:
1139:
1093:
1054:
1009:
968:
921:
816:
779:
771:
3218:
3163:
3032:
3027:
2866:
2799:
2794:
2680:
2626:
2467:
2358:
2311:
1806:
146:). DAPT is used in patients who have, or are at high risk of developing, unstable angina,
107:
339:
Treatment of established arterial thrombosis includes the use of antiplatelet drugs and
3197:
3097:
3092:
2946:
2936:
2886:
2871:
2861:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2685:
2657:
2609:
2604:
2336:
2291:
2287:
2170:
1697:
1383:
1292:
1201:
1176:
1152:
1127:
784:
763:
598:
247:
1014:
997:
389:
block a receptor on the platelet for fibrinogen and von
Willebrand factor. 3 classes:
3233:
3129:
3102:
2961:
2779:
2690:
2670:
2666:
2529:
2457:
2346:
2261:
2127:
2097:
1687:
1672:
1667:
1628:
1300:
1031:
836:
602:
442:
Identify the likelihood and risk of dental treatment causing bleeding complications.
354:
irreversibly inhibits the enzyme COX, resulting in reduced platelet production of TXA
103:
62:
3087:
3006:
2742:
2700:
2534:
2524:
2440:
2435:
2117:
2087:
2065:
2060:
2033:
1982:
1961:
1811:
1750:
1706:
1583:
1526:
1465:
1460:
1441:
1339:
1308:
1242:
1225:
1143:
606:
232:
212:
127:
43:
2645:
1126:
Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Schofield-Robinson OJ, Alderson P, Smith AF (July 2018).
926:
909:
820:
2971:
2881:
2621:
2574:
2519:
2402:
2368:
1987:
1915:
1884:
1816:
1717:
1711:
1701:
1604:
1398:
1388:
734:
610:
199:
181:
131:
1098:
1081:
973:
956:
3149:
3120:
3078:
3047:
3042:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2904:
2890:
2830:
2785:
2733:
2653:
2649:
2590:
2550:
2505:
2501:
2391:
2327:
2277:
2242:
2238:
2092:
2009:
1992:
1977:
1956:
1941:
1936:
1879:
1864:
1838:
1828:
1823:
1677:
1646:
1578:
1558:
1536:
1425:
1409:
1405:
1354:
1192:
1045:
Lange, RA; Hillis, LD (2013), "The duel between dual antiplatelet therapies",
310:
271:
193:
139:
83:
3057:
3037:
3011:
2986:
2921:
2899:
2727:
2640:
2514:
2080:
2075:
2055:
2050:
1997:
1951:
1925:
1920:
1869:
1727:
1650:
1614:
1588:
1553:
1541:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1450:
1420:
1415:
1393:
1359:
1334:
292:
258:
238:
226:
187:
175:
135:
1251:
1210:
1161:
1107:
1066:
1023:
982:
935:
828:
793:
775:
609:, advanced heart failure, mild forms of inherited bleeding disorders (e.g.
454:
Dental procedures with high risk of post-operative bleeding complications
3158:
3022:
3018:
2991:
2430:
2363:
2282:
1874:
1859:
1692:
1663:
1654:
1642:
1609:
1455:
1058:
594:
Medical conditions that may increase antiplatelet drugs' effect include:
451:
Dental procedures with low risk of post-operative bleeding complications
155:
51:
465:
Extractions involving surgery, large wound or more than 3 teeth at once
3134:
3052:
2717:
2484:
2306:
2256:
2145:
2135:
2112:
1910:
1739:
1483:
253:
99:
2816:
2479:
2107:
151:
147:
73:
55:
629:
Food and supplements that may increase antiplatelet drugs' effect:
3116:
2826:
2321:
1369:
662:
acetylsalicylic acid - There are numerous brand names for
Aspirin
996:
Gurbel PA, Fox KA, Tantry US, Ten Cate H, Weitz JI (April 2019).
955:
2820:
2014:
2197:
1265:
459:
Local anaesthesia using aspirating syringe and vasoconstrictor
1224:
Shehab N, Sperling LS, Kegler SR, Budnitz DS (November 2010).
462:
Simple extractions up to 3 teeth with restricted wound size
1175:
Yeung LY, Sarani B, Weinberg JA, McBeth PB, May AK (2016).
492:
Direct or indirect restoration with supragingival margins
506:
Direct or indirect restorations with subgingival margins
102:
is used as a single medication in cases of uncomplicated
568:
Medications that may decrease antiplatelet drug effect:
546:
Medications that may increase antiplatelet drug effect:
364:
affects the ADP-dependent activation of IIb/IIIa complex
561:
NSAIDS (e.g.: aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen)
2226:
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
417:
Bare metal stents required at least one month of DAPT
3143:
3115:
3071:
2880:
2815:
2778:
2726:
2639:
2583:
2543:
2500:
2384:
2320:
2232:
2126:
2027:
1970:
1897:
1849:
1738:
1726:
1636:
1627:
1597:
1569:
1512:
1474:
1436:
1368:
1325:
1316:
429:
Dental management of patients on antiplatelet drugs
522:Fitting and adjustment of orthodontic appliances.
392:Murine-human chimeric antibodies (e.g., abciximab)
495:Root surface debridement and subgingival scaling
605:, haematological malignancy, recent or current
331:Prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis
171:Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors
481:Supragingival plaque, calculus, stain removal
473:Incision and drainage of intra-oral swellings
2209:
1277:
961:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
448:Dental procedures unlikely to cause bleeding
8:
2224:Major chemical drug groups â based upon the
1132:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
636:Oral antiplatelet drugs available in the UK
2216:
2202:
2194:
1735:
1633:
1322:
1284:
1270:
1262:
564:Other anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs
554:Drugs affecting the nervous system (e.g.:
387:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists
1241:
1200:
1151:
1097:
1013:
972:
925:
783:
280:Protease-activated receptor-1 antagonists
874:"SDCEP Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets"
639:
632:St. John's wort, ginkgo biloba, garlic.
444:
395:Synthetic non-peptides (e.g., tirofiban)
751:
556:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
484:Six point full periodontal examination
398:Synthetic peptides (e.g., eptifibatide)
166:Classes of antiplatelet drugs include:
126:Often a combination of aspirin plus an
3203:Pharmacological classification systems
2570:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
809:Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
405:Management in the perioperative period
2850:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
868:
866:
286:
54:formation. They are effective in the
7:
1181:Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open
1121:
1119:
1117:
949:
947:
945:
902:
900:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
770:. 147 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): S241âS251.
757:
755:
470:Basic Periodontal examination (BPE)
2463:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
619:idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
762:Born G, Patrono C (January 2006).
25:
1015:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033580
34:(antiaggregant), also known as a
3212:
3192:
3191:
1899:Direct thrombin (IIa) inhibitors
1327:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
306:Thromboxane receptor antagonists
221:Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors
36:platelet agglutination inhibitor
2600:Hypothalamicâpituitary hormones
1522:Thromboxane synthase inhibitors
768:British Journal of Pharmacology
318:Thromboxane synthase inhibitors
18:Platelet aggregation inhibitors
1243:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.407
1144:10.1002/14651858.CD012584.pub2
40:platelet aggregation inhibitor
1:
2352:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
1230:Archives of Internal Medicine
284:protease-activated receptor 1
208:Adenosine reuptake inhibitors
3063:Wakefulness-promoting agents
1760:Low-molecular-weight heparin
1571:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
1484:Acetylsalicylic acid/Aspirin
927:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277d6a0
821:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000795
267:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
58:circulation where classical
42:, is a member of a class of
3256:
2713:Intravenous immunoglobulin
974:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.009
116:direct oral anticoagulants
3187:
2154:
1732:(with some II inhibition)
1193:10.1136/tsaco-2016-000022
122:Dual antiplatelet therapy
112:does not tolerate aspirin
2768:Topoisomerase inhibitors
2452:reninâangiotensin system
2446:Calcium channel blockers
1099:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv443
643:Oral Antiplatelet Drugs
615:Von Willebrand's disease
476:Flap raising procedures
374:â opposes actions of TXA
27:Class of pharmaceuticals
503:Orthograde endodontics
223:(intravenous use only)
106:, and in some cases of
2560:Hormonal contraception
2490:Bile acid sequestrants
2271:Proton-pump inhibitors
2234:gastrointestinal tract
2042:Plasminogen activators
1514:Thromboxane inhibitors
1438:Prostaglandin analogue
1086:European Heart Journal
776:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706401
513:Prosthetic procedures
487:Gingival recontouring
301:Thromboxane inhibitors
96:ischemic heart disease
2104:serine endopeptidases
1638:Vitamin K antagonists
649:Other Names (Non-UK)
70:myocardial infarction
65:have minimal effect.
3169:Radiopharmaceuticals
2957:Antiparkinson agents
1851:Direct Xa inhibitors
1683:Ethyl biscoumacetate
1549:Receptor antagonists
1059:10.1056/NEJMe1302504
764:"Antiplatelet drugs"
625:Food and supplements
438:Assess bleeding risk
341:thrombolytic therapy
80:Antiplatelet therapy
60:Vitamin K antagonist
48:platelet aggregation
2952:Antimigraine agents
2942:Antidementia agents
2845:Anti-inflammatories
2535:Medicated dressings
2475:Antihyperlipidemics
2302:Diabetes medication
1494:Carbasalate calcium
282:(which inhibit the
130:inhibitor (such as
3240:Antiplatelet drugs
2805:Immunosuppressants
2675:Antimycobacterials
2631:Antithyroid agents
2615:Mineralocorticoids
2419:Cardiac stimulants
2409:Cardiac glycosides
2401:cardiac therapy /
2297:Anti-obesity drugs
2181:Never to phase III
2029:Thrombolytic drugs
1745:glycosaminoglycans
1318:Antiplatelet drugs
1305:antiplatelet drugs
730:Anticoagulant drug
590:Medical conditions
3227:
3226:
3130:Ophthalmologicals
2840:Anabolic steroids
2743:Anticancer agents
2706:Ectoparasiticides
2426:Antihypertensives
2374:Antifibrinolytics
2191:
2190:
2023:
2022:
1893:
1892:
1623:
1622:
1236:(21): 1926â1933.
1053:(14): 1356â1357,
1008:(18): 2170â2185.
967:(19): 1920â1959.
920:(25): e354âe471.
740:Thrombolytic drug
719:
718:
715:Brilinta, Possia
702:Effient, Prasita
530:
529:
98:. Most commonly,
32:antiplatelet drug
16:(Redirected from
3247:
3216:
3195:
3194:
3179:Senotherapeutics
3033:Neuroprotectives
3028:Mood stabilizers
2927:Anti-ADHD agents
2867:Muscle relaxants
2800:Immunostimulants
2795:Immunomodulators
2627:Thyroid hormones
2565:Fertility agents
2468:Renin inhibitors
2359:Antihemorrhagics
2326:forming organs (
2312:Dietary minerals
2218:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2003:Drotrecogin alfa
1983:Antithrombin III
1834:Dermatan sulfate
1807:Oligosaccharides
1736:
1634:
1370:ADP receptor/P2Y
1323:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1017:
993:
987:
986:
976:
951:
940:
939:
929:
904:
895:
894:
892:
891:
885:
879:. Archived from
878:
870:
841:
840:
804:
798:
797:
787:
759:
640:
445:
288:
21:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3219:Medicine portal
3183:
3139:
3111:
3106:
3098:Cough medicines
3093:Bronchodilators
3074:
3067:
2947:Antidepressants
2937:Anticonvulsants
2885:
2876:
2872:Bisphosphonates
2862:Corticosteroids
2824:
2811:
2783:
2774:
2758:Spindle poisons
2748:Antimetabolites
2731:
2722:
2644:
2635:
2610:Glucocorticoids
2605:Corticosteroids
2586:
2579:
2546:
2539:
2496:
2414:Antiarrhythmics
2387:
2380:
2337:Antithrombotics
2325:
2316:
2292:Antipropulsives
2288:Antidiarrhoeals
2265:
2236:
2228:
2222:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2171:Clinical trials
2150:
2122:
2032:
2019:
1966:
1889:
1845:
1748:
1743:
1731:
1722:
1698:1,3-Indandiones
1640:
1619:
1593:
1565:
1508:
1470:
1432:
1384:Thienopyridines
1373:
1364:
1312:
1293:Antithrombotics
1290:
1260:
1259:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1138:(7): CD012584.
1125:
1124:
1115:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1044:
1043:
1039:
995:
994:
990:
953:
952:
943:
906:
905:
898:
889:
887:
883:
876:
872:
871:
844:
806:
805:
801:
761:
760:
753:
748:
726:
672:Plavix, Grepid
638:
627:
592:
544:
535:
440:
431:
407:
377:
373:
357:
333:
328:
164:
124:
110:. If a patient
108:unstable angina
92:
74:ischemic stroke
44:pharmaceuticals
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3164:Contrast media
3161:
3155:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3117:sensory organs
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Antipsychotics
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2932:Antiaddictives
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2887:nervous system
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Antirheumatics
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2791:
2789:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2763:Antineoplastic
2760:
2755:
2750:
2739:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Antiprotozoals
2691:Antiparasitics
2688:
2683:
2678:
2671:Antibacterials
2667:Antimicrobials
2663:
2661:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2530:Antipsoriatics
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2458:ACE inhibitors
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2397:
2395:
2386:cardiovascular
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2347:Anticoagulants
2344:
2333:
2331:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2248:
2246:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2038:
2036:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1756:
1754:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1631:
1629:Anticoagulants
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1476:COX inhibitors
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1301:anticoagulants
1291:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1216:
1187:(1): e000022.
1167:
1113:
1092:(4): 390â399.
1072:
1037:
988:
941:
896:
842:
815:(4): 269â275.
799:
750:
749:
747:
744:
743:
742:
737:
732:
725:
722:
717:
716:
713:
710:
704:
703:
700:
697:
691:
690:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
670:
664:
663:
660:
657:
651:
650:
647:
646:UK Trade Name
644:
637:
634:
626:
623:
599:kidney failure
591:
588:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
566:
565:
562:
559:
552:
551:mycophenolate)
543:
540:
534:
531:
528:
527:
525:
523:
519:
518:
516:
514:
510:
509:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
493:
489:
488:
485:
482:
478:
477:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
456:
455:
452:
449:
439:
436:
430:
427:
426:
425:
421:
418:
415:
406:
403:
402:
401:
400:
399:
396:
393:
384:
378:
375:
371:
365:
359:
355:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
315:
314:
313:
298:
297:
296:
277:
276:
275:
264:
263:
262:
256:
248:cyclooxygenase
244:
243:
242:
236:
230:
218:
217:
216:
205:
204:
203:
197:
191:
185:
179:
163:
162:Classification
160:
156:major bleeding
123:
120:
91:
88:
63:anticoagulants
46:that decrease
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3252:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Decongestants
3086:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Dissociatives
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:Hallucinogens
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Anthelmintics
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:genitourinary
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Antipruritics
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:Beta blockers
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:Antiplatelets
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2128:Non-medicinal
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:Streptokinase
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2034:fibrinolytics
2030:
2026:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:Phenprocoumon
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Coumatetralyl
1671:
1669:
1668:Acenocoumarol
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:thrombolytics
1294:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
989:
984:
980:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
950:
948:
946:
942:
937:
933:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
901:
897:
886:on 2017-03-28
882:
875:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
803:
800:
795:
791:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
758:
756:
752:
745:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
641:
635:
633:
630:
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:liver disease
600:
595:
589:
587:
580:
577:
574:
572:Carbamazepine
571:
570:
569:
563:
560:
557:
553:
549:
548:
547:
541:
539:
533:Drug toxicity
532:
526:
524:
521:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
491:
490:
486:
483:
480:
479:
475:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
458:
457:
453:
450:
447:
446:
443:
437:
435:
428:
422:
419:
416:
413:
412:
411:
404:
397:
394:
391:
390:
388:
385:
382:
379:
369:
366:
363:
360:
353:
349:
346:
345:
344:
342:
337:
330:
325:
319:
316:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
303:
302:
299:
294:
291:
290:
285:
281:
278:
273:
270:
269:
268:
265:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
249:
246:Irreversible
245:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
222:
219:
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
167:
161:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
121:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
104:stable angina
101:
97:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
75:
71:
66:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3002:Psychedelics
2972:Aphrodisiacs
2646:infestations
2622:Sex hormones
2575:Sex hormones
2520:Cicatrizants
2450:
2436:Vasodilators
2403:antianginals
2400:
2341:
2252:stomach acid
2251:
2118:Fibrinolysin
2088:Anistreplase
2066:Desmoteplase
2061:Tenecteplase
1962:Ximelagatran
1812:Fondaparinux
1751:antithrombin
1707:Diphenadione
1584:Dipyridamole
1527:Dipyridamole
1466:Treprostinil
1461:Prostacyclin
1340:Eptifibatide
1317:
1304:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1135:
1131:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1050:
1047:N Engl J Med
1046:
1040:
1005:
1001:
991:
964:
960:
917:
913:
888:. Retrieved
881:the original
812:
808:
802:
767:
720:
707:
694:
688:
681:Dipyridamole
680:
667:
654:
631:
628:
607:chemotherapy
596:
593:
584:
575:Erythromycin
567:
545:
536:
441:
432:
408:
386:
381:Epoprostenol
380:
368:Dipyridamole
367:
361:
351:
347:
338:
334:
235:(Integrilin)
233:Eptifibatide
215:(Persantine)
213:Dipyridamole
165:
143:
125:
93:
79:
78:
67:
50:and inhibit
39:
35:
31:
29:
3135:Otologicals
3107:antagonists
3073:respiratory
3048:Orexigenics
3043:Neurotoxins
2992:Euphoriants
2982:Entactogens
2977:Depressants
2967:Anxiolytics
2905:Anesthetics
2681:Antifungals
2278:Antiemetics
2266:antagonists
2167:from market
1988:Defibrotide
1916:Bivalirudin
1885:Rivaroxaban
1824:Heparinoids
1817:Idraparinux
1718:Tioclomarol
1712:Phenindione
1702:Clorindione
1605:Cloricromen
1399:Ticlopidine
1389:Clopidogrel
1002:Circulation
914:Circulation
735:Nitrophorin
668:Clopidogrel
611:haemophilia
586:treatment.
578:Fluconazole
542:Medications
362:Clopidogrel
295:(Zontivity)
250:inhibitors
241:(Aggrastat)
200:Ticlopidine
182:Clopidogrel
132:clopidogrel
3058:Stimulants
3038:Nootropics
3012:Deliriants
2987:Entheogens
2922:Anorectics
2900:Analgesics
2753:Alkylating
2686:Antivirals
2641:infections
2515:Emollients
2369:Coagulants
2239:metabolism
2093:Monteplase
2010:Ramatroban
1993:Nafamostat
1978:Abelacimab
1957:Melagatran
1942:Dabigatran
1937:Argatroban
1880:Otamixaban
1865:Betrixaban
1853:("xabans")
1839:Sulodexide
1829:Danaparoid
1800:Tinzaparin
1790:Parnaparin
1785:Nadroparin
1780:Enoxaparin
1775:Dalteparin
1770:Certoparin
1730:inhibitors
1678:Dicoumarol
1579:Cilostazol
1559:Terutroban
1537:Picotamide
1426:Ticagrelor
1410:nucleoside
1406:Nucleotide
1376:inhibitors
1355:Sibrafiban
890:2016-03-09
746:References
708:Ticagrelor
581:Omeprazole
311:Terutroban
272:Cilostazol
196:(Brilinta)
194:Ticagrelor
178:(Kengreal)
140:ticagrelor
84:hemostasis
3208:ATC codes
3174:Dressings
3159:Antidotes
3023:Sedatives
3019:Hypnotics
2728:malignant
2585:endocrine
2431:Diuretics
2364:Platelets
2324:and blood
2283:Laxatives
2177:Phase III
2165:Withdrawn
2081:Urokinase
2076:Saruplase
2056:Reteplase
2051:Alteplase
1998:Protein C
1952:Inogatran
1947:Efegatran
1933:Univalent
1926:Lepirudin
1921:Desirudin
1870:Darexaban
1795:Reviparin
1765:Bemiparin
1728:Factor Xa
1664:Coumarins
1641:(inhibit
1615:Vorapaxar
1589:Triflusal
1554:Terbogrel
1542:Terbogrel
1531:+ aspirin
1504:Triflusal
1499:Indobufen
1489:Aloxiprin
1451:Beraprost
1421:Elinogrel
1416:Cangrelor
1394:Prasugrel
1360:Tirofiban
1350:Roxifiban
1345:Orbofiban
1335:Abciximab
1032:207592252
837:210149420
712:Brilique
695:Prasugrel
498:Biopsies
352:Triflusal
293:Vorapaxar
274:(Pletaal)
261:(Disgren)
259:Triflusal
239:Tirofiban
227:Abciximab
190:(Effient)
188:Prasugrel
176:Cangrelor
136:prasugrel
3234:Category
3053:Serenics
2718:Vaccines
2485:Fibrates
2307:Vitamins
2257:Antacids
1907:Bivalent
1875:Edoxaban
1860:Apixaban
1693:Warfarin
1610:Ditazole
1456:Iloprost
1412:analogs
1252:21098354
1211:29767644
1162:30019463
1108:26324537
1067:23473370
1024:31034291
983:21450428
936:23166211
829:31923049
794:16402110
724:See also
675:Iscover
597:Chronic
558:(SSRIs))
229:(ReoPro)
202:(Ticlid)
184:(Plavix)
56:arterial
52:thrombus
2910:General
2817:muscles
2786:L03âL04
2782:disease
2734:L01âL02
2730:disease
2480:Statins
2146:Oxalate
2136:Citrate
2113:Brinase
1911:Hirudin
1740:Heparin
1716:Other:
1202:5891708
1153:6513221
785:1760725
699:Efient
655:Aspirin
348:Aspirin
289:PAR-1)
254:Aspirin
152:strokes
128:ADP/P2Y
100:aspirin
3217:
3196:
3144:other
3075:system
2827:joints
2780:immune
2587:system
2547:system
2388:system
2160:WHO-EM
2108:Ancrod
2102:Other
1749:(bind
1742:group/
1250:
1209:
1199:
1160:
1150:
1106:
1065:
1030:
1022:
981:
934:
835:
827:
792:
782:
617:) and
287:a.k.a.
148:NSTEMI
90:Choice
3198:Drugs
2915:Local
2882:brain
2821:bones
2322:blood
2046:r-tPA
1971:Other
1598:Other
1028:S2CID
884:(PDF)
877:(PDF)
833:S2CID
326:Usage
2825:and
2502:skin
2141:EDTA
2072:UPA
2015:REG1
1442:PGI2
1303:and
1248:PMID
1207:PMID
1158:PMID
1104:PMID
1063:PMID
1020:PMID
979:PMID
932:PMID
825:PMID
790:PMID
350:and
144:DAPT
72:and
3146:ATC
2884:and
2643:and
1647:VII
1309:B01
1307:) (
1238:doi
1234:170
1197:PMC
1189:doi
1148:PMC
1140:doi
1094:doi
1055:doi
1051:368
1010:doi
1006:139
969:doi
922:doi
918:126
817:doi
780:PMC
772:doi
38:or
30:An
3236::
3021:/
2819:,
2669::
2658:QI
2656:,
2652:,
2629:/
2290:/
2237:/
2173::
2106::
2044::
1935::
1909::
1700::
1666::
1653:,
1651:IX
1649:,
1645:,
1643:II
1372:12
1299:,
1246:.
1232:.
1228:.
1205:.
1195:.
1183:.
1179:.
1156:.
1146:.
1134:.
1130:.
1116:^
1102:.
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1026:.
1018:.
1004:.
1000:.
977:.
965:57
963:.
959:.
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930:.
916:.
912:.
899:^
845:^
831:.
823:.
813:75
811:.
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613:,
601:,
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134:,
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3148:(
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3119:(
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3079:R
3077:(
2893:)
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2829:(
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2784:(
2736:)
2732:(
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2328:B
2264:2
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2241:(
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2203:v
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1747:/
1657:)
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1295:(
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1069:.
1057::
1034:.
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839:.
819::
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