44:
36:
1678:"DavidBioWare What we've found since then is that the PS2 has enough bus bandwidth to transfer each texture from main memory to video memory as it's needed. That's on the order to 100s of Mb per second. We hadn't anticipated that the PS2 had that kind of brute horsepower on its bus. No other machine I've used does, including any PC or the Dreamcast. We had to reorient our thinking after that. :) So now we have almost more texture memory than we know what to do with."
28:
239:
724:, spherical harmonic lighting, alpha blending, alpha test, destination alpha test, depth test, scissor test, transparency effects, framebuffer effects, post-processing effects, perspective-correct texture mapping, edge-AAx2 (poly sorting required), bilinear, trilinear texture filtering, multi-pass, palletizing (6:1 ratio 4-bit; 3:1 ratio 8-bit), offscreen drawing, framebuffer mask, flat shading, Gouraud shading, cel shading, dithering,
20:
3281:
2198:
231:
1779:, 2001. See chapter/section 5.1.2 for ps2's output resolutions. Also, see chapter 1.2, specifically the diagram of pg.16 & "Pixel Pipeline" of pg.17, as well as chapter 3.1, namely Rasterizing (DDA) of pg.37, showing all the pixel pipes are involved in doing these operations, in parallel, including texture mapping. Lastly, look at pg.18 for GS performance figures.
709:
223:
52:
1160:
The biggest difference between the Dual Shock 2 and the original… all of the buttons and even the digital pad offer analog support. This means that the d-pad, the four face buttons and the four shift buttons are all pressure-sensitive and have 255 degrees of sensitivity. It is also worth noting that
643:
The hardware's native fogging & AA uses additional cycles which reduces the overall throughput; but AA & fogging can be done as a post effect, using full-screen passes or sprites, and VRAM imaging operations, using then just a part of a said 2d vfx budget, as opposed to lowering the ceiling,
392:
Graphics interface (GIF), DMA channel that connects the EE CPU to the GS ("Graphics
Synthesizer") co-processor. To draw something to the screen, one must send, using 1 of 3 data paths, render commands & assets to the GS via the GIF channel: 64-bit, 150 MHz bus, maximum theoretical bandwidth
369:
Scratchpad (SPR) is extended area of memory visible to the EE CPU. This extended memory provides 16 kilobytes of fast RAM available to be used by the application. Scratchpad memory can be used to store temporary data that is waiting to be sent via DMA or for any other temporary storage that the
164:
encryption. This requirement prevented the production of memory cards by third parties who did not purchase a MagicGate license. Memory cards without encryption can be used to store PlayStation game saves, but PlayStation games would be unable to read from or write to the card – such
1665:
See pages 11-13 about texture syncing & transfer methods, an example of the PS2's setup. Also, see pg.29 for fill-rate for 4 passes, per second, likely at the standard PAL or NTSC rates of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, along with more evidence about using full-screen passes to implement bump mapping, with an
530:
Stores temporal work or drawing buffers for drawing operations & mapping procedures; main memory, again, pre-storing all aspects & assets of a level, streaming only what that part of the frame needs processed & drawn at a time to the GIF, accumulating a single frame in small, very quick
326:
VPU1 (Elementary
Functional Unit, EFU; FMAC × 5, FDIV × 2) operates independently controlled by microcode, parallel to the CPU core, is typically used for polygon and geometry transformations, clipping, culling, lighting and other visual based calculations (texture matrix includes processing of UV
315:
Two 32-bit VLIW-SIMD vector units at 294.912 MHz: VPU0 and VPU1 (floating point multiply accumulator × 9, floating point divider × 1) each VPU contains a vector unit (VU), instruction cache, data cache and interface unit. Each vector unit also has upper execution unit containing 4 × FMAC and
169:. There are a variety of non-Sony manufactured memory cards available for the PlayStation 2, allowing for a larger memory capacity than the standard 8 MB. However their use is unsupported and compatibility is not guaranteed. These memory cards can have up to 128 MB storage space.
514:
Stores all aspects & assets of an application or game's level, for fetching the right data at the right time, with assets being streamed to their appropriate destinations, when needed, a level's geometry, for instance, to either vector unit, via each unit's VIF, and textures to the GS, the
333:
Serial: results of VU0/FPU sent to VU1 (via 3 methods) and can act as an optional geometry pre-processor that does all base work to update the scene every frame (for e.g. general transformations of world space relating to gameplay, such as boning and animation, physics and general
636:
On their own, the 16 pipes output/process 16 pixels/cycle (1 pixel/pipe), giving a maximum throughput of 2400 megapixels/sec, at the GS's max clock speed, which includes 32bit pixels & all the systems basic alpha-blending, Z-buffering & filtering operations
632:
Raster setup & execution consists of the entire block of 16 pixel pipes being involved in every stage of drawing a frame, in parallel, being equipped to handle processing functions such as fogging, texture mapping, AA and more, cycles split between all pipes
539:
Handles communication between external peripherals or devices & the hardware, also helping transfer data to the SPU2, the system's sound processing unit, via the same bus, its 32-bit bus being shared between the SPU2, optical drive, USB ports and more
412:
Subsystem
Interface 0 (SIF0) and Subsystem Interface 1 (SIF1), used for communication between the EE main CPU and IOP co-processor. These are serial DMA channels where both CPUs can send commands and establish communication through an RPC
1360:
See bits on ps2's TnL & data setup. Also, look to pages 25 & 26 for a comparison of the ps2 to a PC architecture & memory setup, showing ps2 is based more around fast streaming of assets, as well as page 42 for a simple FSAA
300:, in-order execution 2-issue design with 6-stage long integer pipelines, 32 32-bit GPR registers, 32 128-bit SIMD linear scalar registers, two 64-bit integer ALUs, 128-bit load-store unit (LSU) and a branch execution unit (BXU).
285:, 225 mm² die size, 15 W dissipation (combined EE+GS in SCPH-7500x and later SCPH-7000x): 86 mm², 53.5 million transistors) (combined EE+GS+RDRAM+DRAM in SCPH-7900x ended with 65 nm CMOS design)
303:
Instruction set: MIPS III, MIPS IV subset with Sony's proprietary 107 vector SIMD multimedia instructions (MMI). The custom instruction set was implemented by grouping the two 64-bit integer ALUs.
640:
When needing to do texture mapping, the 16 pipes output/process 8 pixel/cycle & 8 texels/cycle, per each pipe, in parallel, for a maximum throughput of 1200 megapixels & 1200 megatexels
1432:
316:
lower execution unit containing FDIV, integer ALU, load-store unit, branch logic, 16 16-bit integer registers and 32 128-bit floating point registers. VPU1 has an additional EFU unit.
1128:
2486:
1577:
2491:
2772:
1005:
copy protection isn't compatible with either RGB mode, and thus DVDs cannot be played with RGB. However, motherboard modifications have been known to bypass these issues.
1474:
1865:
1748:
2668:
955:
Emotion Engine (EE) includes an on-chip Serial I/O port (SIO) used internally by the EE's kernel to output debugging and messages and to start the kernel debugger.
2642:
2606:
2575:
2524:
2481:
2107:
3127:
2762:
1161:
the Dual Shock 2 is a bit lighter than the original Dual Shock because it appears to have less in the way of gears for the vibration function of the controller.
2683:
2471:
180:
expansion ports. Compatibility with USB and IEEE 1394 devices is dependent on the software supporting the device. For example, the PS2 BIOS will not boot an
1288:
1337:
406:
Vector Unit
Interface (VIF), consists of two DMA channels VIF0 for VPU0 and VIF1 for VPU1. Vector units and the main CPU communicate via VIF DMA channels.
1843:
1626:
1456:
1375:
2736:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
1642:
See pages 15 & 18, also, for an example of the default setup including sending textures, stored into main RAM at load up, to the GS, via the GIF.
452:
3D CG geometric transformations at peak bones/movements/effects (textures)/lights (VU0+VU1, parallel or series): 15–20 million vertices per second
2741:
2611:
2534:
1425:
544:
76:
3134:
1988:
3120:
2351:
2334:
1100:
1095:
1057:
Disc Drive type: proprietary interface through a custom micro-controller + DSP chip. 24x speed CD-ROM , 4x speed DVD-ROM — region-locked with
310:
coprocessor (COP1) with 6-stage long pipeline (floating point multiply accumulator × 1, floating point divider × 1). FPU is not IEEE compliant.
2601:
2596:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2519:
2514:
2102:
2097:
2621:
2580:
2539:
2242:
1262:
1120:
2678:
2389:
2300:
2117:
1090:
824:
2461:
2456:
1901:
1883:
1605:
1919:
1408:
2498:
1174:
3113:
3106:
2880:
2726:
2663:
2529:
2112:
2046:
1940:
1503:
1312:
1211:
1039:/component output does fully support 240p outputs, including games from the original PlayStation. However, 240p isn't part of the YP
91:
830:
Automatically underclocked to 33.8688 MHz to achieve hardware backwards compatibility with original PlayStation format games.
2835:
2757:
2401:
2051:
125:
PlayStation 2 software is distributed on CD-ROM and DVD-ROM. In addition, the console can play audio CDs and DVD movies, and is
2885:
2828:
2693:
2056:
2262:
2008:
1857:
1146:
1740:
1072:. DVD5 (Single-layer, 4.7 GB) and DVD9 (Dual-layer, 8.5 GB) supported. Later models starting with SCPH-500xx are
2890:
2647:
2356:
2339:
1819:
943:
201:
1470:
827:(MIPS R3000A clocked at 33.8688 MHz or 36.864 MHz+PS1 GTE and MDEC for backwards compatibility with PS1 games)
3310:
3159:
2616:
2419:
2063:
1639:
1065:
1001:
up to 240p. A display or adapter capable of sync on green (RGsB) is necessary for higher modes. Furthermore, the PS2's
3010:
2928:
2788:
2637:
2125:
2041:
1981:
1776:
1690:
1248:
1203:
939:
205:
196:
555:
Separate memory that shares the same local 32-bit bus for the IOP, thus using from the same 150 Mb/sec bandwidth
43:
871:(250 kHz for PS1 cards. Up to 2 MHz for PS2 cards with an average sequential read speed of 130 KB/s)
531:
doses, bit by bit, using the video memory's buffers & high bandwidth, along the transfer bus speeds provided
524:
133:
games. This is accomplished through the inclusion of the original PlayStation's CPU which also serves as the PS2's
1533:
1284:
620:
eDRAM bus width: 2560-bit (composed of three independent buses: 1024-bit write, 1024-bit read, 512-bit read/write)
3015:
3005:
2673:
2235:
2073:
137:, clocked at 36.864 MHz in PS2 mode. The PS2 also supports full functionality with the original PlayStation
1344:
952:
slot for
Network Adaptor (PC Card type) and External Hard Disk Drive (SCPH-10000, SCPH-15000, SCPH-18000 models)
584:
NTSC (interleaved/progressive scan): 256 x 448/224, 320 x 448/224, 384 x 448/224, 512 x 448/224 or 640 x 448/224
3193:
3166:
2793:
2476:
2466:
2169:
2130:
587:
PAL (interleaved/progressive scan): 256 x 512/256, 320 x 512/256, 384 x 512/256, 512 x 512/256 or 640 x 512/256
516:
449:
3D CG geometric transformation with raw 3D perspective operations (VU0+VU1): 66–80+ million vertices per second
330:
Parallel: results of VU0/FPU sent as another display list via MFIFO (for e.g. complex characters/vehicles/etc.)
1371:
188:
or operate a USB printer, as the machine's operating system does not include this functionality. By contrast,
141:
and controllers. The PS2's DualShock 2 controller is an upgraded version of the PlayStation's DualShock with
3141:
3067:
2158:
1017:
861:
2 proprietary PlayStation controller ports (250 kHz clock for PS1 and 500 kHz for PS2 controllers)
480:
323:
and geometry transformations (under parallel or serial connection), physics and other gameplay related tasks
247:
87:
3305:
3284:
3000:
2933:
2918:
2798:
2201:
2135:
1974:
1675:
792:
399:
generated by CPU/VPU0 and VPU1 are sent to the GIF, which prioritizes them before dispatching them to the
126:
352:
Memory management unit (MMU), RDRAM controller and DMA controller: handle memory access within the system
2290:
2190:
1226:
383:
130:
35:
725:
569:
Parallel rendering processor with embedded DRAM "Graphics
Synthesizer" (GS) clocked at 147.456 MHz
2995:
2384:
2329:
2312:
2228:
2024:
1788:
604:
400:
142:
111:
1016:
VGA connector is only available for progressive-scan supported games, homebrew-enabled systems, and
3207:
2823:
2429:
2267:
307:
107:
3042:
2979:
2855:
2295:
83:
1897:
1879:
1915:
1601:
1562:
319:
VPU0 (COP2; FMAC × 4, FDIV × 1) is tightly coupled with the main CPU and is typically used for
2923:
2870:
2865:
1837:
1620:
1450:
1397:
1258:
1222:
1207:
796:
363:
346:
289:
251:
150:
3261:
3235:
3230:
2948:
2850:
2396:
1252:
1244:
1199:
1178:
1002:
998:
986:
416:
Subsystem
Interface 2 (SIF2), used for backwards compatibility with PS1 games and debugging.
210:
103:
27:
1047:
standard, and thus not all TVs and HDTVs support it. Upscaling can be used as a workaround.
757:
Two cores, each supports 24 voices playing ADPCM waveform data with applied digital effects
238:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3035:
2974:
2875:
2860:
2845:
1947:
1304:
1292:
1058:
882:
669:
536:
IOP memory: 2 MB of 32-bit EDO-RAM @ 37.5 MHz, 150 MB/sec peak bandwidth
185:
1772:
1496:
242:
The ASIC from the SCPH-90001 (CXD2976GB) shaved down to show the EE+GS+RDRAM+DRAM silicon
208:
in the back of the console, and was required to play certain games, notably the popular
3172:
3030:
2767:
2424:
2034:
788:
717:
258:
204:
and print images on certain USB printers. A PlayStation 2 HDD can be installed via the
190:
95:
19:
572:
279 mm² die (combined EE+GS in SCPH-7500x: 86 mm², 53.5 million transistors)
3299:
2803:
2379:
2363:
2346:
2324:
2307:
2208:
2140:
1997:
1588:
906:
784:
760:
Allows to mix in a software defined sound buffer (used primarily for streaming audio)
293:
271:
134:
102:(299 MHz in later consoles). The CPU heavily relies on its integration with two
80:
64:
1716:
927:
800:
396:
355:
149:
buttons of the original. Like its predecessor, the DualShock 2 controller features
146:
86:
consists of various components. At the heart of the console's configuration is its
1142:
3266:
3188:
2251:
799:
only), later games achieved matrix encoded 5.1 surround during gameplay through
496:
409:
SIF – Serial
Interface or Subsystem Interface which consists of 3 DMA channels:
297:
230:
138:
1812:
3240:
3062:
3025:
1662:
1064:
Supported Disc Media: PlayStation 2 format CD-ROM, PlayStation format CD-ROM,
921:
868:
721:
446:
Tri-strip geometric transformation (VU0+VU1): 150 million vertices per second
282:
345:
compressed image macroblock layer decoder allowing playback of DVDs and game
2938:
2840:
2163:
1800:
1705:
1069:
865:
736:
429:
181:
177:
161:
119:
527:: 4 MB of 2560-bit DRAM @ 150 MHz, 48 GB/sec peak bandwidth
234:
The combined EE+GS+RDRAM+DRAM found in the SCPH-7900x and SCPH-9000x series
967:
S400 (also known as FireWire 400 or IEEE 1394a) (SCPH-10000 to 3900x only)
708:
222:
51:
970:
958:
818:
500:
359:
157:
1020:, and requires a monitor that supports RGsB, or "sync on green" signals.
623:
Pixel configuration: RGB:alpha, 24:8, 15:1; 16-, 24-, or 32-bit Z-buffer
3256:
3077:
2943:
2895:
1073:
949:
886:
844:
493:
Overall memory: 40 MB (42 MB after revision of system's IOP)
320:
262:
115:
1686:
1684:
261:", clocked at 294.912 MHz (299 MHz on newer versions), with
3072:
3020:
2969:
2964:
2081:
1728:
1077:
964:
933:
508:
342:
166:
1791:. See chapter 1.4 about texturing via the DRAM & pixel engines.
1206:. "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Third Edition".
2175:
1591:
See Coding
Secrets video on PS2's poly count and particle effects.
1541:
910:
902:
894:
848:
707:
504:
278:
254:
237:
229:
221:
99:
3082:
1966:
994:
990:
898:
890:
274:
265:
2224:
1970:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
467:
Actual real-world polygons (per frame): range of 500–600k at 30
461:
Curved surface generation (Bézier): 16 million polygons/second
2220:
875:
173:
1229:, Volume 13, Number 5, April 19, 1999. Microdesign Resources.
644:
perpetually, from the prior said textured fill-rate figure
581:
Video output resolution: Variable from 256×224 to 1920×1080
1121:"PS4 and Xbox One: so why aren't they backwards compatible?"
1858:"Practical Implementation of SH Lighting and HDR Rendering"
1528:
1526:
1524:
552:
Sound memory: 2 MB of 32-bit EDO-RAM @ 37.5 MHz
349:. It also allowed vector quantization for 2D graphics data.
590:
VESA: 640 x 480, 800 x 600, 1024 x 768 or 1280×1024 pixels
106:, known as VPU0 and VPU1, the Graphics Synthesizer, and a
441:
VU1 3.08 GFLOPS (Including internal 0.64 GFLOPS EFU)
122:
controller, provide the software and user control input.
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
464:
Image processing performance: 150 million pixels/second
1175:"Final Fantasy XI Review for PlayStation 2 – GameSpot"
702:
16 million/s (75-pixel triangle with Z, A, T and fog)
16:
Overview of the PlayStation 2 technical specifications
1898:"Model numbers for PlayStation 2 and PS2 accessories"
1880:"Model numbers for PlayStation 2 and PS2 accessories"
1666:
example for alternative fogging being shown on pg.31.
156:
The standard PlayStation 2 memory card has an 8
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
386:
over a serial link, DMA controller for bulk transfer
3249:
3206:
3181:
3151:
3098:
3091:
3055:
2988:
2957:
2911:
2904:
2816:
2781:
2750:
2692:
2656:
2630:
2589:
2548:
2507:
2449:
2442:
2412:
2372:
2283:
2276:
2151:
2090:
2072:
2017:
1573:
1571:
690:Polygon drawing rate: 75 million/s (small polygon)
658:
1.2 gigapixel/s (with Z-buffer, alpha, and texture)
575:
Dedicated connection from and to EE and VU1 via GIF
511:DRAM) @ 400 MHz, 3.2 GB/s peak bandwidth
1941:"SCEI Launches PlayStation 2 New Model SCPH-50000"
1801:Using the Z Buffer for Visual and Special Effects
1177:. Uk.gamespot.com. March 23, 2004. Archived from
682:Sprite drawing rate: 18.75 million/s (8×8 pixels)
676:Gpix/s (37,750,000 32-bit pixel raster triangles)
1471:"Vector Unit Architecture for Emotion Synthesis"
1701:
1699:
626:Display color depth: 32-bit (RGBA: 8 bits each)
578:Programmable CRT controller (PCRTC) for output
389:Main RDRAM memory bus. Bandwidth: 3.2 GB/s
145:face, shoulder and D-pad buttons replacing the
1741:"GS Mode Selector: Development & Feedback"
1497:"Designing and Programming the Emotion Engine"
1254:Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach
763:Generates sound with resolution of 48 kHz
483:: 6,000 MIPS (million instructions per second)
2236:
1982:
1916:"PlayStation 2 SCPH-39001 Instruction manual"
696:30 million/s (50-pixel triangle with Z and A)
665:Gpix/s (75,000,000 32-pixel raster triangles)
226:Emotion Engine CPU as found in the SCPH-7000x
8:
946:(required for HDD, SCPH-300xx to 500xx only)
878:1.1 ports with an OHCI-compatible controller
699:25 million/s (48-pixel quad with Z, A and T)
593:DTV: 720 x 480 (480p) or 1920 x 1080 (1080i)
712:Graphics Synthesizer as found in SCPH-390xx
600:4 MB of embedded DRAM as video memory
547:as of revision to SCPH-7500x model systems
3095:
2908:
2446:
2280:
2243:
2229:
2221:
1989:
1975:
1967:
1640:Reaching for the Limits of PS2 Performance
1239:
1237:
1235:
973:remote control port (SCPH-500xx and newer)
362:instruction cache, 8 KB + 16 KB
3128:PlayStation Official Magazine – Australia
980:
838:Connection to: SPU and CD/DVD controller.
769:Pitch Modulation (Gaussian Interpolation)
693:50 million/s (48-pixel quad with Z and A)
432:(single precision 32-bit floating point)
114:. Other components, such as the system's
1031:Contrary to popular belief, the PS2's YP
200:are programmed to save screenshots to a
50:
42:
34:
26:
18:
3135:Official PlayStation Magazine (Ireland)
1111:
716:GS effects include: Dot3 bump mapping (
629:Pixel/Texel pipelines: 16 (unified)
610:Texture buffer bandwidth: 9.6 GB/s
63:describe the various components of the
1842:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1835:
1625:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1618:
1455:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1448:
1101:PlayStation 4 technical specifications
1096:PlayStation 3 technical specifications
864:2 proprietary Memory Card slots using
613:Frame buffer bandwidth: 38.4 GB/s
503:PC800 32-bit dual-channel (2x 16-bit)
61:PlayStation 2 technical specifications
1225:. "Sony's Emotionally Charged Chip".
428:Floating point performance: 6.2
7:
1305:"ソニー、65nm対応の半導体設備を導入。3年間で2,000億円の投資"
1091:PlayStation technical specifications
847:-based "Deckard" IOP with 4 MB
685:Particle drawing rate: 150 million/s
455:Lighting: 38 million polygons/second
1509:from the original on April 28, 2017
679:Texture fillrate: 1.2 Gtexel/s
668:With 1 full texture (diffuse map),
3121:PlayStation Official Magazine – UK
3114:PlayStation: The Official Magazine
3107:Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine
1131:from the original on 14 June 2015.
1119:Stuart, Keith (12 December 2013).
14:
1717:Introducing PS2 to PC programmers
1477:from the original on May 10, 2018
1378:from the original on 14 June 2012
661:With no texture, flat shaded: 2.4
3280:
3279:
2197:
2196:
1904:from the original on 2010-03-16.
1886:from the original on 2010-03-16.
1868:from the original on 2016-10-09.
1751:from the original on 2014-12-03.
1414:from the original on 2014-10-24.
1315:from the original on 2016-08-13.
1068:, PlayStation 2 format DVD-ROM,
655:Mpix/s = 2.352 gigapixel/s
651:Overall pixel fillrate: 16 × 147
2886:PlayStation Broadband Navigator
2057:PlayStation Broadband Navigator
1922:from the original on 2013-12-16
1825:from the original on 2015-05-16
1691:Sony's Emotionally Charged Chip
1676:MDK2 Armageddon Chat Transcript
1608:from the original on 2014-10-06
1438:from the original on 2016-09-19
1338:"Tapping into the power of PS2"
1257:(3 ed.). Morgan Kaufmann.
1149:from the original on 2011-05-15
458:Fog: 36 million polygons/second
382:I/O processor interconnection:
165:a card could only be used as a
98:which operates at 294.912
2263:Sony Interactive Entertainment
2009:Sony Interactive Entertainment
1285:Sony Interactive Entertainment
985:Standard RGB mode only allows
1:
1026:
814:Input Output Processor (IOP)
732:Multi-pass rendering ability
341:Image Processing Unit (IPU):
1719:See pg.10 for IOP/SPU2 block
1011:
3011:PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay
1789:GS User's Manual Supplement
1777:Sony Computer Entertainment
1145:. IGN. September 27, 2001.
277:manufacturing (ending with
3327:
1534:"Inside the Playstation 2"
739:/s (75 Mpixels/pass)
172:The console also features
67:(PS2) video game console.
3275:
3267:Sony Ericsson Xperia Play
2258:
2184:
2004:
851:starting with SCPH-7500x.
766:Digital effects include:
160:capacity and uses Sony's
110:(FPU) in order to render
55:An SCPH-79001 motherboard
47:An SCPH-70001 motherboard
39:An SCPH-39001 Motherboard
31:An SCPH-30001 motherboard
23:An SCPH-10000 motherboard
825:Original PlayStation CPU
564:Graphics processing unit
3142:PlayStation Underground
2159:Linux for PlayStation 2
1589:Coding Secrets/Game Hut
1018:Linux for PlayStation 2
754:Local Memory: 2 MB
481:Instructions per second
327:& STQ coordinates)
218:Central processing unit
202:USB mass storage device
104:vector processing units
94:processor known as the
88:central processing unit
2919:PlayStation controller
2763:TurboGrafx-16 Classics
2118:Compatible with EyeToy
1693:See pages 1, 2 & 4
1309:pc.watch.impress.co.jp
817:I/O Memory: 2 MB
735:Four passes: 300
713:
370:programmer can define.
292:R5900 (COP0), 64-bit,
243:
235:
227:
56:
48:
40:
32:
24:
3173:PlayStation marketing
2939:DualShock / DualSense
1227:Microprocessor Report
1143:"Dual Shock 2 Review"
942:for 3.5-inch HDD and
711:
543:Updated to 4 MB
384:remote procedure call
241:
233:
225:
54:
46:
38:
30:
22:
2385:PlayStation Portable
2047:Online functionality
1565:See second question.
1405:users.ece.gatech.edu
605:gigabytes per second
401:Graphics Synthesizer
281:CMOS), 13.5 million
127:backwards compatible
3311:Video game hardware
2824:PlayStation Network
2430:PlayStation Classic
2268:PlayStation Studios
1729:PS2 Dev Wiki - SPU2
1398:"Aaron D Lanterman"
1249:Patterson, David A.
809:I/O processor (IOP)
471:FPS, 250–300k at 60
296:(mipsel). CPU is a
108:floating-point unit
3043:PlayStation Portal
2980:PlayStation Camera
2856:PlayStation Mobile
1706:PS2 Dev Wiki - IOP
1563:Malice PS2 Q&A
1291:2018-04-13 at the
1204:David A. Patterson
1052:Optical disc drive
843:Replaced with the
801:Dolby Pro Logic II
714:
244:
236:
228:
118:optical drive and
84:video game console
57:
49:
41:
33:
25:
3293:
3292:
3241:Konami System 573
3202:
3201:
3051:
3050:
2924:PlayStation Mouse
2871:PlayStation Video
2866:PlayStation Store
2812:
2811:
2438:
2437:
2218:
2217:
1663:PS2 Optimizations
1578:Amon Ra Prototype
1264:978-0-08-050252-6
1245:Hennessy, John L.
1223:Keith Diefendorff
1048:
1021:
1006:
999:progressive modes
797:Full motion video
726:texture swizzling
393:of 1.2 GB/s.
366:(ScrP) data cache
3318:
3283:
3282:
3262:Super NES CD-ROM
3096:
2949:PlayStation Move
2909:
2851:PlayStation Home
2447:
2397:PlayStation Vita
2281:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2222:
2200:
2199:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1946:. Archived from
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1773:GS User's Manual
1770:
1753:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1544:on March 4, 2011
1540:. Archived from
1530:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1350:on July 20, 2011
1349:
1343:. Archived from
1342:
1334:
1317:
1316:
1301:
1295:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1241:
1230:
1220:
1214:
1200:John L. Hennessy
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1181:on July 21, 2011
1171:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1116:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1008:
987:interlaced modes
984:
977:
961:port (Slim only)
675:
664:
654:
519:, via the GIF
474:
470:
211:Final Fantasy XI
90:(CPU), a custom
79:hardware of the
77:sixth-generation
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3271:
3245:
3216:Namco System 11
3198:
3177:
3147:
3087:
3047:
3016:PS3 accessories
3006:PS2 accessories
2984:
2975:PlayStation Eye
2953:
2929:Analog Joystick
2900:
2876:PlayStation Vue
2861:PlayStation Now
2846:PlayStation App
2836:Central Station
2808:
2777:
2746:
2688:
2652:
2626:
2585:
2544:
2503:
2434:
2408:
2402:System software
2390:System software
2368:
2357:System software
2340:System software
2272:
2254:
2249:
2219:
2214:
2180:
2147:
2086:
2068:
2052:Central Station
2013:
2000:
1995:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1813:"Archived copy"
1811:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1771:
1756:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1602:"Archived copy"
1600:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1426:"Archived copy"
1424:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1320:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1293:Wayback Machine
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1251:(29 May 2002).
1243:
1242:
1233:
1221:
1217:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1087:
1059:copy protection
1054:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1009:
1007:
978:
944:Network Adaptor
918:
914:
883:Composite video
858:
835:Sub Bus: 32-bit
811:
772:Envelope (ADSR)
748:
673:
662:
652:
607:peak bandwidth
566:
490:
472:
468:
438:VU0 2.44 GFLOPS
435:FPU 0.64 GFLOPS
425:
379:
220:
186:USB flash drive
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3324:
3322:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3163:
3155:
3153:
3152:Advertisements
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3100:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3031:PlayStation VR
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2768:NEOGEO Station
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2425:PlayStation TV
2422:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2287:
2285:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2194:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:Budget ranges
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2035:Emotion Engine
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1932:
1907:
1889:
1871:
1849:
1804:
1793:
1781:
1754:
1732:
1721:
1709:
1695:
1680:
1668:
1644:
1632:
1593:
1581:
1567:
1555:
1520:
1488:
1462:
1417:
1389:
1363:
1318:
1296:
1277:
1263:
1231:
1215:
1192:
1166:
1134:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1062:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
975:
974:
968:
962:
956:
953:
947:
937:
931:
925:
920:(component or
916:
912:
881:AV Multi Out (
879:
872:
862:
857:
854:
853:
852:
841:
840:
839:
836:
833:
832:
831:
821:
810:
807:
806:
805:
804:
803:
789:Surround sound
781:
780:
779:
778:Digital Reverb
776:
773:
770:
764:
761:
758:
755:
747:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:
718:normal mapping
706:
705:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
688:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
670:Gouraud shaded
666:
659:
649:
648:
647:
646:
645:
641:
638:
627:
624:
621:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
611:
598:
597:
596:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
576:
573:
570:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
558:
557:
556:
550:
549:
548:
541:
534:
533:
532:
522:
521:
520:
489:
486:
485:
484:
478:
477:
476:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
444:
443:
442:
439:
436:
424:
421:
420:
419:
418:
417:
414:
407:
404:
403:for rendering.
394:
390:
387:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
371:
367:
353:
350:
339:
338:
337:
336:
335:
331:
324:
313:
312:
311:
301:
269:
259:Emotion Engine
219:
216:
197:Tourist Trophy
191:Gran Turismo 4
151:force feedback
129:with original
96:Emotion Engine
72:
69:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3323:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:PlayStation 2
3304:
3303:
3301:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3208:Arcade boards
3205:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:Miscellaneous
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2804:BigHit Series
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Greatest Hits
2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:Miscellaneous
2411:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:PocketStation
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2364:PlayStation 5
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Main hardware
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:PlayStation 4
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Main hardware
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:PlayStation 3
2323:
2319:
2318:Main hardware
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:PlayStation 2
2306:
2302:
2301:Main hardware
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:Home consoles
2282:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2209:PlayStation 3
2205:
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2188:Predecessor:
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2141:BigHit Series
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2126:Greatest Hits
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1953:on 2014-10-27
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3194:Kevin Butler
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2891:Room for PSP
2679:Best selling
2669:Downloadable
2648:PS VR2 games
2643:Best-selling
2612:Free-to-play
2607:Best-selling
2576:Best-selling
2535:Downloadable
2525:Best-selling
2477:Downloadable
2472:Best-selling
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2113:Online games
2108:Best-selling
2029:
1955:. Retrieved
1948:the original
1935:
1924:. Retrieved
1910:
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1862:slidegur.com
1861:
1852:
1827:. Retrieved
1807:
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1635:
1610:. Retrieved
1596:
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1546:. Retrieved
1542:the original
1537:
1511:. Retrieved
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1465:
1440:. Retrieved
1420:
1404:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1366:
1354:November 11,
1352:. Retrieved
1345:the original
1308:
1299:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1253:
1218:
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1185:November 11,
1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1169:
1159:
1158:
1151:. Retrieved
1137:
1125:the Guardian
1124:
1114:
1025:
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979:
976:
856:Connectivity
751:Audio: SPU2
715:
525:Video memory
356:Cache memory
268:capabilities
209:
195:
189:
171:
155:
153:technology.
139:memory cards
124:
74:
60:
58:
3189:Polygon Man
3160:Double Life
2934:Dual Analog
2912:Controllers
2905:Accessories
2829:2011 outage
2773:Classics HD
2617:PS VR games
2450:PlayStation
2291:PlayStation
2252:PlayStation
2206:Successor:
2191:PlayStation
2074:Accessories
1538:philvaz.com
1153:February 7,
1080:compatible.
1003:Macrovision
993:(NTSC) and
936:Digital Out
497:Main memory
423:Performance
298:superscalar
283:transistors
131:PlayStation
120:DualShock 2
112:3D graphics
3300:Categories
3236:System 357
3231:System 246
3182:Characters
3063:Net Yaroze
3026:Wonderbook
3001:Link Cable
2881:PS2 online
2794:Essentials
2467:Net Yaroze
1957:2013-12-16
1926:2013-12-16
1829:2016-01-25
1612:2014-09-30
1442:2016-02-07
1107:References
997:(PAL) and
922:D-Terminal
869:encryption
823:CPU Core:
722:mipmapping
499:: 32
377:Interfaces
364:scratchpad
288:CPU core:
3226:System 10
3221:System 12
3099:Magazines
3068:PS2 Linux
2841:FirstPlay
2758:PS Mobile
2742:Cancelled
2684:Cancelled
2622:Cancelled
2581:Cancelled
2540:Cancelled
2499:Cancelled
2373:Handhelds
2164:HD Loader
1513:April 26,
1481:April 26,
1372:"Emotion"
1070:DVD Video
866:MagicGate
515:system's
413:protocol.
182:ISO image
178:IEEE 1394
162:MagicGate
3285:Category
3167:Mountain
2996:Multitap
2799:The Best
2782:Reprints
2674:PS minis
2277:Consoles
2202:Category
2170:Mountain
2136:The Best
2131:Platinum
2018:Hardware
1920:Archived
1902:Archived
1884:Archived
1866:Archived
1838:cite web
1820:Archived
1749:Archived
1621:cite web
1606:Archived
1504:Archived
1475:Archived
1451:cite web
1433:Archived
1409:Archived
1376:Archived
1361:example.
1313:Archived
1289:Archived
1287:sie.com
1147:Archived
1129:Archived
1085:See also
971:Infrared
959:Ethernet
819:EDO DRAM
783:Output:
603:48
507:(Direct
257:-based "
252:MIPS III
71:Overview
3257:Jampack
3250:Related
3078:OtherOS
2958:Cameras
2944:Sixaxis
2896:VidZone
2817:Network
2694:PS Vita
2152:Related
1548:July 1,
1270:9 April
950:PC Card
887:S-Video
845:PowerPC
775:Looping
334:motion)
321:polygon
306:32-bit
263:128-bit
184:from a
147:digital
116:DVD-ROM
3073:GScube
3021:PlayTV
2970:Go!Cam
2965:EyeToy
2530:Online
2330:Models
2313:Models
2296:Models
2082:EyeToy
2025:Models
1382:7 July
1261:
1210:
1078:DVD-RW
1074:DVD+RW
989:up to
965:i.LINK
934:S/PDIF
930:DC Out
737:Mpixel
674:
663:
653:
509:Rambus
473:
469:
430:GFLOPS
343:MPEG-2
272:250-nm
167:backup
143:analog
3092:Media
2751:Other
2443:Games
2176:PCSX2
2091:Games
1951:(PDF)
1944:(PDF)
1823:(PDF)
1816:(PDF)
1507:(PDF)
1500:(PDF)
1436:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1412:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
1348:(PDF)
1341:(PDF)
1066:CD-DA
903:SCART
895:SCART
849:SDRAM
746:Audio
672:: 1.2
545:SDRAM
505:RDRAM
358:: 16
279:65-nm
255:R5900
3083:Zego
3056:Kits
1844:link
1627:link
1550:2011
1515:2017
1483:2017
1457:link
1384:2011
1356:2010
1272:2013
1259:ISBN
1208:ISBN
1202:and
1187:2010
1155:2011
1076:and
1027:^†††
995:576i
991:480i
899:RGsB
891:RGBS
787:5.1
720:),
475:FPS
290:MIPS
275:CMOS
266:SIMD
194:and
176:and
92:RISC
75:The
59:The
2737:W–Z
2732:T–V
2722:P–R
2717:M–O
2712:I–L
2707:E–H
2702:A–D
2664:A-Z
2657:PSP
2638:A–Z
2631:PS5
2602:M–Z
2597:A–L
2590:PS4
2571:Q–Z
2566:J–P
2561:D–I
2556:A–C
2549:PS3
2520:L–Z
2515:A–K
2508:PS2
2492:PAL
2462:M–Z
2457:A–L
2420:PSX
2103:L–Z
2098:A–K
2064:PSX
1012:^††
928:RFU
909:),
905:or
897:),
876:USB
793:DTS
517:GPU
347:FMV
308:FPU
248:CPU
174:USB
100:MHz
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2482:JP
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