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Materials and textures are properties that the render engine uses to render the model. One can give the model materials to tell the render engine how to treat light when it hits the surface. Textures are used to give the material color using a color or albedo map, or give the surface features using a
714:. The two basic operations in realistic rendering are transport (how much light gets from one place to another) and scattering (how surfaces interact with light). This step is usually performed using 3-D computer graphics software or a
626:. A polygon is an area formed from at least three vertices (a triangle). A polygon of n points is an n-gon. The overall integrity of the model and its suitability to use in animation depend on the structure of the polygons.
886:. Users can add, subtract, stretch and otherwise change the mesh to their desire. Models can be viewed from a variety of angles, usually simultaneously. Models can be rotated and the view can be zoomed in and out.
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The model describes the process of forming the shape of an object. The two most common sources of 3-D models are those that an artist or engineer originates on the computer with some kind of
851:
There are many varieties of files supporting 3-D graphics, for example, Wavefront .obj files and .x DirectX files. Each file type generally tends to have its own unique data structure.
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During the 3-D rendering step, the number of reflections "light rays" can take, as well as various other attributes, can be tailored to achieve a desired visual effect. Rendered with
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Computer aided design software may employ the same fundamental 3-D modeling techniques that 3-D modeling software use but their goal differs. They are used in
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from real-world objects (Polygonal
Modeling, Patch Modeling and NURBS Modeling are some popular tools used in 3-D modeling). Models can also be produced
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3-D modeling starts by describing 3 display models : Drawing Points, Drawing Lines and
Drawing triangles and other Polygonal patches.
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or for stylistic and gameplay concerns. By contrast, games using 3D computer graphics without such restrictions are said to use true 3D.
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in the final rendered display. In computer graphics software, 2-D applications may use 3-D techniques to achieve effects such as
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software is commonly used to match live video with computer-generated video, keeping the two in sync as the camera moves.
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3-D computer graphics, contrary to what the name suggests, are most often displayed on two-dimensional displays. Unlike
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effects are often achieved without wireframe modeling and are sometimes indistinguishable in the final form. Some
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facilities. Some also contain features that support or allow animation of models. Some may be able to generate
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until it is displayed. A model can be displayed visually as a two-dimensional image through a process called
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3-D modeling software is a class of 3-D computer graphics software used to produce 3-D models. Individual
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includes filters that can be applied to 2D vector graphics or 2D raster graphics on transparent layers.
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Each file format can be accessed through their respective applications, such as DirectX files, and
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370:) that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering
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which typically use completely different methods and formats for creation and rendering.
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of a human face and a hand that had originally appeared in the 1971 experimental short
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graphics, involving restricted projections of three-dimensional environments, such as
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Use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production is called
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501:. An early example of interactive 3-D computer graphics was explored in 1963 by the
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3-D computer graphics production workflow falls into three basic phases:
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or produces 3-D models for analytic, scientific and industrial purposes.
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types, and other qualities, generate (rasterize the scene into) an image
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382:. The resulting images may be stored for viewing later (possibly as an
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and similar techniques, the result is two-dimensional, without visual
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Graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data
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3-D modelers allow users to create and alter models via their 3-D
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to get photo-realistic images, or by applying an art style as in
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Most 3-D modelers contain a number of related features, such as
644:. This defines spatial relationships between objects, including
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2080:
1642:
3889:"A Beginner's Guide to the Concept of 3D in Computer Graphics"
3193:
1020:
734:), exclusive 3-D rendering software also exists (e.g., OTOY's
640:
Before rendering into an image, objects must be laid out in a
570:– the process of forming a computer model of an object's shape
442:
The objects in 3-D computer graphics are often referred to as
32:
1556:
3D Computer
Graphics: A Mathematical Introduction with OpenGL
876:
of this class are called modeling applications or modelers.
583:– the computer calculations that, based on light placement,
439:, and similarly, 3-D may use some 2-D rendering techniques.
1388:"An Historical Timeline of Computer Graphics and Animation"
507:
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory
685:. It can be also used to deform the model itself using a
1098:
Not all computer graphics that appear 3D are based on a
509:. One of the first displays of computer animation was
1609:
A Critical
History of Computer Graphics and Animation
1339:
Timeline of computer animation in film and television
1635:- Explains 3D modeling for an illuminated manuscript
706:
converts a model into an image either by simulating
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3273:
List of animated television series by episode count
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1118:photorealistic effects without the use of filters.
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
401:. More often, 3-D graphics are being displayed on
547:in the late 1970s. The earliest known example is
1148:, either as a way to improve performance of the
3268:List of animated films by box office admissions
1304:Isometric graphics in video games and pixel art
419:3-D computer graphics rely on many of the same
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1224:3D data acquisition and object reconstruction
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1171:Comparison of 3D computer graphics software
1055:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1114:may also copy or visualize 3D effects and
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1075:Learn how and when to remove this message
726:may perform 3-D rendering as well (e.g.,
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
889:3-D modelers can export their models to
847:List of file formats § 3-D graphics
825:3-D computer graphics software produces
366:representation of geometric data (often
26:For broader coverage of this topic, see
3880:
1502:"Retrieving Japanese Apple II programs"
1355:
740:
242:
186:
155:
137:
1244:3D reconstruction from multiple images
974:After producing a video, studios then
1187:List of 3D computer graphics software
924:of a series of rendered scenes (i.e.
916:and other rendering alternatives and
468:, or it can be used in non-graphical
460:object; a model is not technically a
7:
3241:Films with live action and animation
2066:List of computer graphics algorithms
1053:adding citations to reliable sources
897:are compatible. Many modelers allow
61:adding citations to reliable sources
21:Computer graphics (computer science)
1432:Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo 1963
964:computer-aided architectural design
493:was credited with coining the term
412:3-D graphics stand in contrast to
14:
2333:Modern TV cable and streaming era
1508:. neoncluster.com. Archived from
1146:virtual cameras with fixed angles
982:the video using programs such as
19:For the academic discipline, see
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3842:
3841:
3831:
3309:
3300:
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1456:added to National Film Registry"
1314:List of stereoscopic video games
1025:
808:
792:
770:
746:
497:in 1961 to describe his work at
37:
3542:Electric Image Animation System
1102:. 2D computer graphics with 3D
48:needs additional citations for
1559:. Cambridge University Press.
1553:Buss, Samuel R. (2003-05-19).
1207:Reflection (computer graphics)
1094:Still life § 21st century
815:A 3-D rendering of a penthouse
541:3-D computer graphics software
1:
3263:Most expensive animated films
2918:Direct manipulation animation
2569:Barrier-grid and stereography
2023:3D computer graphics software
1619:How Stuff Works - 3D Graphics
1212:Rendering (computer graphics)
1197:List of 3D rendering software
1166:Glossary of computer graphics
486:History of computer animation
28:Computer graphics workstation
2809:Non-photorealistic rendering
1838:Hidden-surface determination
1625:History of Computer Graphics
1192:List of 3D modeling software
1017:Other types of 3D appearance
956:product lifecycle management
948:computer-aided manufacturing
712:non-photorealistic rendering
3399:GigaMesh Software Framework
2441:International Animation Day
1452:"Pixar founder's Utah-made
1202:Real-time computer graphics
932:Computer-aided design (CAD)
251:Computer-generated imagery
3959:
2911:Linear Animation Generator
2814:Physically based animation
1234:3D projection on 2D planes
1125:
1091:
1088:Photorealistic 2D graphics
944:computer-aided engineering
935:
865:
844:
827:computer-generated imagery
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633:
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515:(1976), which included an
483:
362:, are graphics that use a
25:
18:
3827:
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2500:Children's animated films
2122:
1417:Learning Computer History
742:Examples of 3-D rendering
2409:Animation film festivals
1484:"Brutal Deluxe Software"
1274:Digital image processing
1182:Graphical output devices
1176:Graphics processing unit
522:A Computer Animated Hand
3789:Open Cascade Technology
3231:Twelve basic principles
3151:Instructional animation
2050:Vector graphics editors
2045:Raster graphics editors
952:Finite element analysis
736:Octane Rendering Engine
668:also specifies motion.
472:and calculations. With
3923:Science fiction themes
2829:Virtual cinematography
2426:Highest-grossing films
2328:Early TV broadcast era
1933:Checkerboard rendering
1629:(Wayback Machine copy)
1364:"3D computer graphics"
672:Materials and textures
235:Virtual cinematography
139:Three-dimensional (3D)
72:"3D computer graphics"
3146:Independent animation
3136:Educational animation
1888:Affine transformation
1867:Surface triangulation
1811:Anisotropic filtering
1506:Projects and Articles
1461:The Salt Lake Tribune
1279:Game development tool
1161:Graphics and software
990:at the mid-level, or
938:Computer-aided design
753:A 3-D rendering with
738:, Maxon's Redshift)
414:2-D computer graphics
200:Computer-aided design
3933:3D graphics software
3918:3D computer graphics
3362:3D computer graphics
3126:Animated documentary
2958:Whiteboard animation
2851:Traditional puppetry
2495:Adult animated films
2404:Biologist simulators
2367:Animation department
1229:3D motion controller
1108:graphic art software
1049:improve this section
630:Layout and animation
543:began appearing for
470:computer simulations
345:3D computer graphics
57:improve this article
3698:Cyber Studio CAD-3D
3434:Point Cloud Library
3199:Character animation
2979:Character animation
2517:Children's animated
1903:Collision detection
1831:Global illumination
1488:www.brutaldeluxe.fr
1464:. December 28, 2011
1413:"Computer Graphics"
1344:Video game graphics
1294:Geometry processing
992:Autodesk Combustion
970:Complementary tools
666:physical simulation
620:physical simulation
347:, sometimes called
301:Global illumination
225:Virtual engineering
3693:Autodesk Softimage
3226:Creature animation
3156:Virtual newscaster
3101:Abstract animation
2933:Ink-wash animation
2923:Humanoid animation
2906:Audio-Animatronics
2470:Lost or unfinished
2394:Animation database
2372:Animation director
1953:Scanline rendering
1747:Parallax scrolling
1737:Isometric graphics
1627:series of articles
1419:. 5 December 2004.
1289:Geometry pipelines
1259:Computer animation
1142:isometric graphics
984:Adobe Premiere Pro
658:inverse kinematics
636:Computer animation
527:University of Utah
386:) or displayed in
357:three-dimensional
3928:Computer graphics
3877:
3876:
3762:Core technologies
3512:Blackmagic Fusion
3507:AutoQ3D Community
3328:
3327:
3089:
3088:
3016:Erasure animation
2837:
2836:
2579:Limited animation
2522:Computer-animated
2460:Computer-animated
2382:Animation studios
2343:
2342:
2074:
2073:
2015:Graphics software
1908:Planar projection
1893:Back-face culling
1765:
1764:
1709:Alpha compositing
1670:Computer graphics
1566:978-1-139-44038-7
1319:Medical animation
1239:3D reconstruction
1085:
1084:
1077:
1002:at the high-end.
922:full-motion video
782:-class battleship
777:A 3-D model of a
759:ambient occlusion
495:computer graphics
458:three-dimensional
431:and 2-D computer
364:three-dimensional
359:computer graphics
342:
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141:computer graphics
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3657:Source Filmmaker
3487:Autodesk 3ds Max
3355:
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3313:
3303:
3302:
3283:anime franchises
3258:Cartoon violence
3246:highest grossing
3141:Erotic animation
3116:Animated cartoon
2883:Supermarionation
2856:Digital puppetry
2777:Facial animation
2697:
2557:
2430:Opening weekends
2120:
2101:
2094:
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2000:Volume rendering
1872:Wire-frame model
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1585:Internet Archive
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1540:
1531:. Archived from
1523:Simmons, Bruce.
1520:
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1390:. Archived from
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1269:Digital geometry
1080:
1073:
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1029:
1021:
812:
796:
774:
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728:Autodesk 3ds Max
716:3-D graphics API
687:displacement map
604:3D modeling tool
429:wire-frame model
423:as 2-D computer
334:
327:
320:
306:Volume rendering
296:Crowd simulation
281:Wire-frame model
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3733:StrataVision 3D
3676:
3617:Pixar RenderMan
3582:Medium by Adobe
3502:Autodesk Mudbox
3458:
3365:
3359:
3329:
3324:
3291:
3253:Cartoon physics
3172:Animation music
3160:
3121:Animated sitcom
3111:Adult animation
3085:
3066:Special effects
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68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
3896:. Retrieved
3892:
3883:
3867:3D rendering
3809:ShapeManager
3728:Softimage 3D
3612:Pixar Presto
3572:LightWave 3D
3552:Golaem Crowd
3389:CloudCompare
3361:
3278:anime series
3236:Motion comic
3105:visual music
3051:Pose to pose
3026:Inbetweening
3006:Chuckimation
2948:Shadowmation
2901:Animatronics
2802:eye tracking
2782:Morph target
2748:
2734:Multi-sketch
2485:Short series
2399:Art pipeline
2377:Story artist
2323:World War II
2192:South Africa
1980:Shear matrix
1943:Path tracing
1928:Cone tracing
1923:Beam tracing
1843:Polygon mesh
1784:3D rendering
1770:
1633:How 3D Works
1624:
1599:
1588:. Retrieved
1584:
1575:
1555:
1548:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1528:
1518:
1510:the original
1505:
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1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1459:
1453:
1446:
1436:, retrieved
1431:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1382:
1371:. Retrieved
1368:ScienceDaily
1367:
1358:
1309:Level editor
1217:
1216:
1160:
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1097:
1071:
1062:
1047:Please help
1035:
1008:
1004:Match moving
973:
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853:
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841:File formats
831:3-D modeling
824:
786:flat shading
779:
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699:3D rendering
675:
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616:procedurally
601:
568:3-D modeling
562:
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474:3-D printing
461:
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448:mathematical
441:
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403:3-D displays
392:
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187:Primary uses
156:Fundamentals
138:
119:
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
3862:3D modeling
3748:TurboSilver
3371:Open-source
3204:model sheet
3061:Rubber hose
2984:model sheet
2762:Cel shading
2604:Stop motion
2589:Rotoscoping
2561:Traditional
2490:Stop-motion
2436:Outsourcing
2197:South Korea
2177:Philippines
2172:North Korea
1995:Translation
1948:Ray casting
1938:Ray tracing
1816:Cel shading
1790:Image-based
1771:3D graphics
1752:Ray casting
1701:2D graphics
1581:"Machinima"
1334:Stereoscopy
1324:Render farm
1284:Game engine
1254:Cel shading
1249:Anaglyph 3D
1150:game engine
1134:video games
960:3D printing
914:ray tracers
868:3D modeling
765:and YafaRay
755:ray tracing
598:3D modeling
573:Layout and
512:Futureworld
505:program at
210:Video games
3938:3D imaging
3912:Categories
3898:2024-08-22
3837:Comparison
3819:IntelliCAD
3703:Dynamation
3537:Daz Studio
3444:Seamless3d
3209:walk cycle
3076:Syncro-Vox
2989:walk cycle
2893:Mechanical
2819:Procedural
2719:PowerPoint
2672:Puppetoons
2667:Pixilation
2632:silhouette
2621:strata-cut
2612:Claymation
2553:Techniques
2542:Television
2313:Silent Era
2245:Bangladesh
2240:Azerbaijan
2127:Bangladesh
2116:By country
2059:Algorithms
1913:Reflection
1590:2020-07-12
1539:2018-11-30
1468:January 8,
1438:2023-04-25
1398:2009-07-22
1373:2019-01-19
1351:References
1092:See also:
907:plugged-in
683:normal map
654:keyframing
535:Fred Parke
444:3-D models
421:algorithms
405:, like in
374:, usually
276:3D display
113:April 2017
83:newspapers
3794:Parasolid
3784:KernelCAD
3743:TrueSpace
3723:Sculpt 3D
3662:Strata 3D
3567:Kerkythea
3527:Cinema 4D
3409:MakeHuman
3219:off-model
3189:Key frame
3046:Pixel art
3041:Pinscreen
2999:off-model
2943:Scanimate
2861:Machinima
2660:Brickfilm
2648:go motion
2574:Flip book
2108:Animation
2038:rendering
2028:animation
1918:Rendering
1529:MathWords
1036:does not
1011:machinima
980:composite
926:animation
903:exporters
899:importers
780:Dunkerque
704:Rendering
693:Rendering
529:students
517:animation
503:Sketchpad
409:systems.
388:real time
384:animation
380:3D images
376:2D images
368:Cartesian
259:Animation
195:3D models
174:Rendering
3847:Category
3779:HOOPS 3D
3753:VistaPro
3738:Swift 3D
3667:Terragen
3652:SketchUp
3642:Shark 3D
3637:Shade 3D
3607:Paint 3D
3547:E-on Vue
3532:Clara.io
3454:Wings 3D
3429:OpenSCAD
3364:software
3305:Category
3214:lip sync
3094:Variants
3081:Zoetrope
3031:Morphing
2994:lip sync
2974:Blocking
2866:Aniforms
2843:Puppetry
2824:Skeletal
2691:timeline
2682:Computer
2537:Internet
2419:regional
2355:Animator
2348:Industry
2212:Thailand
2182:Portugal
2162:Malaysia
2033:modeling
1960:Rotation
1898:Clipping
1881:Concepts
1860:Deferred
1826:Lighting
1806:Aliasing
1800:Unbiased
1795:Spectral
1329:SIGGRAPH
1299:Graphics
1156:See also
895:metadata
874:programs
862:Modeling
821:Software
724:software
679:bump map
646:location
642:3D scene
624:polygons
612:computer
592:Modeling
559:Overview
553:Apple II
437:lighting
395:3-D film
269:skeletal
264:computer
179:Printing
169:Scanning
164:Modeling
3799:Romulus
3713:N-World
3708:Imagine
3681:Defunct
3627:Remo 3D
3587:Messiah
3577:MASSIVE
3562:Houdini
3557:Hexagon
3522:Carrara
3472:3D-Coat
3439:POV-Ray
3419:MoonRay
3414:MeshLab
3394:FreeCAD
3384:Blender
3320:Outline
2687:history
2638:Graphic
2584:Masking
2475:Package
2300:Ukraine
2270:Hungary
2232:History
2222:Vietnam
2187:Romania
2147:Estonia
2142:Czechia
1965:Scaling
1855:Shading
1525:"n-gon"
1057:removed
1042:sources
763:Blender
732:Blender
618:or via
610:into a
608:scanned
585:surface
480:History
462:graphic
427:in the
353:3-D-CGI
97:scholar
3814:Teigha
3672:ZBrush
3482:Arnold
3424:OpenFX
3315:Portal
2876:Live2D
2792:facial
2757:T-pose
2655:Object
2628:Cutout
2507:Series
2456:Films
2295:Russia
2265:France
2255:Canada
2250:Brazil
2207:Taiwan
2167:Mexico
2132:Bhutan
2110:topics
1985:Shader
1757:Skybox
1742:Mode 7
1714:Layers
1563:
905:to be
801:Cobalt
761:using
660:, and
499:Boeing
99:
92:
85:
78:
70:
3688:Amapi
3622:Poser
3517:Bryce
3131:Anime
2772:Crowd
2714:Flash
2643:Model
2532:Flash
2480:Short
2450:Works
2290:Korea
2285:Japan
2275:India
2260:China
2202:Spain
2157:Japan
2152:India
2137:China
2005:Voxel
1990:Texel
1691:Pixel
1615:copy)
1178:(GPU)
1132:Some
1000:Shake
891:files
856:Quake
399:depth
253:(CGI)
104:JSTOR
90:books
3857:List
3769:ACIS
3647:Silo
3597:Nuke
3592:Modo
3477:AC3D
3071:Sand
2709:2.5D
2387:List
2360:List
2280:Iran
1729:2.5D
1561:ISBN
1470:2012
1454:Hand
1138:2.5D
1136:use
1128:2.5D
1122:2.5D
1040:any
1038:cite
976:edit
962:and
901:and
884:mesh
833:and
757:and
650:size
648:and
533:and
76:news
3804:RGK
3774:C3D
3194:Cel
2767:CGI
2729:CSS
2724:SVG
1144:or
1051:by
986:or
978:or
928:).
730:or
681:or
455:any
453:of
355:or
349:CGI
59:by
3914::
3891:.
2749:3D
2701:2D
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