215:
Guahibo has a unique and complex stress system with both primary and secondary stress. The stress system shows a sensitivity to syllable weight so that heavy syllables are always stressed. Both contrasting trochaic and iambic patterns are found on morphemes in nonfinal morphemes with more than two
175:
454:
Heavy syllables since they are required to be stressed disrupt perfect trochaic and iambic rhythms. However, morphemes with a sequence of at least two light syllables show contrasting stress patterns:
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The binary feet are parsed from left to right within each morpheme. Morphemes with an odd number of syllables leave the final syllable unstressed (and unparsed into feet):
2189:
1590:
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2130:
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1628:
Luis Angel Arango
Library: Diagnóstico sociolingüístico de Cumaribo, zona de contacto indígena – Colono, Vichadaby Héctor Ramírez Cruz
348:
Morphemes that consist of two syllables and are also word-final are an exception to the above and only have the trochaic pattern:
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is word-final and cannot receive primary stress; the primary stress then falls on the next rightmost foot (
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1403:
Kondo, Riena. (1985). Contribución al estudio de longitud vocálica y el acento en el idioma guahiba.
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Primary stress generally falls on the rightmost nonfinal foot. For example, the following word
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942:
81:
1457:
Mosonyi, Esteban Emilio. (1964). Contribución el estudio de la fonémica: Idioma
Guajibo.
1421:
Kondo, Riena. (1985). Long vowels and stress in
Guahibo: From phonology to discourse. In
393:
These morphemes alternate with an iambic pattern when placed in a nonfinal context. Thus
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keeps its trochaic pattern with the addition of a single light syllable morpheme like
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1860:
731:
726:
619:) is no longer word-final and is subsequently permitted to accept primary stress.
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1533:
1383:/ can have allophones of . Vowels can also be nasalized as /ã, ĩ, ẽ, õ, ũ, ɨ̃/.
1283:
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17:
2125:
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136:
110:
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451:
Affixation generally does not affect the stress pattern of each morpheme.
126:
119:
2167:
195:
48:
1639:
424:
However, an iambic word show its underlying iamb when it is followed by
954:
580:"with" after a four syllable root shows shifting of primary stress:
62:
Casanare, eastern Meta, Vichada, Guaviare, Guainia states (Colombia)
202:. There is a 40% rate of monolingualism, and a 45% literacy rate.
174:
1418:(Vols. 1–2). Lomalinda, Colombia: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
1446:
Kondo, Victor; & Kondo, Riena. (1972). Fonemas del guahibo.
1439:
Kondo, Victor; & Kondo, Riena. (1967). Guahibo phonemes. In
1428:
Kondo, Riena. (2001). Guahibo stress: Both trochaic and iambic.
661:
2171:
1643:
1607:
From
Phonology to Discourse: Studies in six Colombian languages
1443:(pp. 89–98). Norman, OK: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
1425:(Vol. 9, 43–56). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
1392:
Kondo, Riena. (1984). Notas sobre la fonología guahiba.
544:) which is not word-final. However, the rightmost foot (
615:
With the addition of the suffix, the root-final foot (
1255:
A /w/ sound can also range to a sound within words.
1416:
El guahibo hablado: Gramática pedagógica del guahibo
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1693:
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162:
150:
134:
108:
103:
78:
68:
58:
44:
32:
194:language that is spoken by about 23,006 people in
2183:
1655:
1534:Endangered Languages Project data for Playero
1430:International Journal of American Linguistics
8:
1589:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1448:Sistemas fonológicos de idiomas colombianos
1394:Sistemas fonológicos de idiomas colombianos
2239:
2190:
2176:
2168:
1699:
1662:
1648:
1640:
1610:. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
540:has primary stress on the rightmost foot (
173:
29:
1557:
27:Language spoken in Colombia and Venezuela
1405:Artículos en lingüística y campos afines
1257:
918:
835:
626:
1576:Phonemic Systems of Colombian Languages
1491:
1441:Phonemic systems of Colombian languages
1582:
1545:
7:
1568:
1566:
576:). Placing a light syllable suffix
25:
1472:. Bogotá: Insituto Caro y Cuervo.
1378:
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1325:
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1139:
1114:
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1073:
1063:
1040:
1030:
1007:
986:
974:
964:
1423:Language data: Amerindian series
837:Unified Guahibo alphabet (1986)
2157:Providence Island Sign Language
130: – Playero (Pepojivi)
1468:Queixalós, Francisco. (1985).
628:Guahibo alphabet (Kondo 1985)
1:
1573:Kondo, Victor, Riena (1967).
1476:Queixalós, Francisco (1988).
186:, the native language of the
1459:Economía y Ciencias Sociales
1480:. Universidad de los Andes.
1478:Diccionario sikuani-español
2629:
1214:
1189:
1156:
1131:
1106:
1057:
953:
924:
172:
64:Orinoco River (Venezuela)
37:
2582:Venezuelan Sign Language
1604:Kondo, Riena W. (1985).
198:and additional 8,428 in
74:(34,000 cited 1998–2001)
2152:Colombian Sign Language
1523:(subscription required)
1509:(subscription required)
359:Iambic (with reversal)
2608:Languages of Venezuela
2199:Languages of Venezuela
2131:San Andrés–Providencia
1414:Kondo, Riena. (1985).
2603:Languages of Colombia
1671:Languages of Colombia
1091:⟨j̈/x⟩
340:"species of turtle"
123: – Guahibo
2613:Guajiboan languages
1304:⟨ü/ë⟩
1260:
921:
838:
629:
596:"species of turtle"
1678:Official languages
1633:2009-03-20 at the
1513:Playero (Pepojivi)
1258:
1145:⟨ts⟩
1013:⟨tj⟩
919:
836:
627:
2590:
2589:
2535:
2534:
2206:Official language
2165:
2164:
2109:
2108:
1521:(18th ed., 2015)
1507:(18th ed., 2015)
1470:Fonología Sikuani
1369:
1368:
1362:⟨a⟩
1343:⟨o⟩
1331:⟨e⟩
1314:⟨u⟩
1294:⟨i⟩
1253:
1252:
1244:⟨y⟩
1232:⟨w⟩
1203:⟨l⟩
1178:⟨n⟩
1168:⟨m⟩
1120:⟨r⟩
1101:⟨j⟩
1079:⟨s⟩
1069:⟨f⟩
1046:⟨d⟩
1036:⟨b⟩
1027:
1002:
992:⟨k⟩
980:⟨t⟩
970:⟨p⟩
961:
912:
911:
834:
833:
611:"with the turtle"
568:) "bead necklace"
506:
505:
389:
388:
344:
343:
265:
264:
181:
180:
16:(Redirected from
2620:
2240:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2005:Tanimuca-Retuarã
1700:
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1034:
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993:
990:
981:
978:
971:
968:
959:
922:
839:
630:
459:
458:
353:
352:
274:
273:
261:"bead necklace"
221:
220:
177:
146:
129:
122:
113:
84:
30:
21:
18:Playero language
2628:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2619:
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2617:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2570:
2541:
2531:
2479:
2456:
2428:
2405:
2382:
2348:Mapoyo-Yabarana
2314:
2291:
2235:
2229:
2201:
2196:
2166:
2161:
2140:
2105:
2039:
1950:Barasana-Eduria
1936:
1908:
1904:Northern Embera
1870:
1822:
1779:
1736:
1695:
1689:
1673:
1668:
1635:Wayback Machine
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511:Primary Stress.
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82:Language family
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70:Native speakers
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2575:Sign languages
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2145:Sign languages
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1803:Minica Huitoto
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1619:External links
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1558:Queixalós 1988
1550:
1548:, p. 7–9.
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623:Writing system
621:
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569:
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467:
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188:Guahibo people
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106:
105:
104:Language codes
101:
100:
98:
97:
88:
86:
79:
76:
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72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2600:
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2555:
2554:Colonia Tovar
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2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:Creoles/Other
2112:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Murui Huitoto
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1436:(2), 136–166.
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1006:
1004:
999:
998:
995:
989:
985:
983:
977:
973:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
914:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
840:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
632:
631:
622:
620:
618:
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:
581:
579:
575:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
549:
547:
543:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
514:
512:
501:
496:
492:
488:
486:"hot peppers"
485:
484:
477:
473:
469:
468:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
455:
452:
446:
442:
438:
434:
431:
430:
429:
427:
419:
415:
411:
407:
404:
403:
402:
400:
396:
384:
379:
375:
372:
367:
363:
362:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
349:
339:
334:
330:
326:
323:
318:
314:
310:
309:
305:
300:
296:
293:
288:
284:
283:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
270:
260:
255:
251:
247:
244:
239:
235:
231:
230:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
217:
210:
205:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
176:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
121:
115:
112:
107:
102:
96:
93:
92:
91:
87:
83:
77:
73:
67:
61:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2503:(Maku-Auari)
2423:
2297:Arutani-Sape
1921:
1625:(in Spanish)
1606:
1599:
1575:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1516:
1502:
1494:
1477:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1387:Bibliography
1370:
1254:
616:
614:
608:
604:
600:
593:
589:
585:
577:
573:
571:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
541:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
510:
509:
499:
494:
490:
482:
480:
475:
471:
453:
450:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
423:
417:
413:
409:
405:
398:
394:
392:
382:
377:
373:"grass fire"
370:
365:
347:
337:
332:
328:
321:
316:
312:
303:
298:
291:
286:
268:
258:
253:
249:
242:
237:
233:
214:
183:
182:
135:
94:
38:
2066:Inga Kichwa
1785:Bora–Witoto
1216:Approximant
920:Consonants
609:tsapànilúta
306:"savannah"
216:syllables:
2597:Categories
2540:Non-Native
2234:Indigenous
2126:Palenquero
1694:Indigenous
1546:Kondo 1985
1518:Ethnologue
1504:Ethnologue
1486:References
1400:, 205–211.
758:Lowercase
633:Uppercase
338:culèmayúwa
322:pàlupáluma
2542:languages
2507:Nheengatu
2434:Jirajaran
2272:Paraujano
2267:Mandawaca
2236:languages
2223:Maracucho
2081:Nheengatu
1980:Macaguaje
1975:Koreguaje
1927:Guayabero
1914:Guajiboan
1742:Barbacoan
1696:languages
1585:cite book
1465:, 93–103.
1454:, 93–102.
1133:Affricate
1059:Fricative
1001:aspirated
915:Phonology
594:tsapánilù
502:"motmot"
294:"crystal"
259:tulíquisì
200:Venezuela
137:Glottolog
111:ISO 639-3
53:Venezuela
2462:Timotean
2452:Jirajara
2411:Guahiban
2388:Chibchan
2373:Ye'kuana
2368:Tamanaku
2333:Japreria
2282:Warekena
2262:Caquetio
2244:Arawakan
2051:Carijona
1990:Pisamira
1955:Carapana
1942:Tucanoan
1932:Macaguán
1828:Chibchan
1765:Mwelyama
1755:Kokonuco
1717:Cabiyari
1704:Arawakan
1631:Archived
1411:, 55–82.
1371:Sounds /
933:Alveolar
928:Bilabial
535:"rabbit"
462:Trochaic
356:Trochaic
324:"rabbit"
277:Trochaic
243:mátacàbi
224:Trochaic
196:Colombia
192:Guahiban
144:guah1254
90:Guahiban
49:Colombia
2561:Italian
2470:Mucuchí
2424:Guahibo
2363:Sikiana
2343:Macushi
2320:Cariban
2305:Arutani
2277:Piapoco
2218:Llanero
2213:Spanish
2121:Llanero
2025:Wajiara
2020:Waimajã
2000:Siriano
1922:Guahibo
1899:Eperara
1876:Chocoan
1846:Chimila
1836:Arhuaco
1808:Muinane
1793:Andoque
1750:Awa Pit
1722:Piapoco
1685:Spanish
1499:Guahibo
1272:Central
1259:Vowels
1191:Lateral
955:Plosive
948:Glottal
938:Palatal
500:jútabài
465:Iambic
385:"lake"
280:Iambic
227:Iambic
206:Grammar
190:, is a
184:Guahibo
167:Playero
157:Guajibo
116:Either:
95:Guahibo
33:Guahibo
2566:Romani
2549:German
2527:Yaruro
2517:Sanumá
2501:Jukude
2475:Timote
2442:Ayoman
2353:Panare
2338:Kapóng
2257:Baniwa
2252:Arawak
2136:Romani
2096:Ticuna
2076:Kichwa
2056:Cocama
2030:Wanano
2015:Tuyuca
2010:Tatuyo
1985:Macuna
1970:Desano
1818:Ocaina
1775:Totoró
1732:Yucuna
1712:Achawa
1026:voiced
863:j̈ (x)
566:qui.sì
546:qui.si
441:pucáta
414:náwata
401:"in":
304:wayáfo
292:wánali
211:Stress
163:
59:Region
2522:Warao
2512:Ninam
2491:Betoi
2484:Other
2447:Gayon
2419:Cuiba
2378:Yukpa
2358:Pemon
2328:Carib
2287:Wayuu
2101:Yukpa
2086:Nukak
2071:Kakwa
2061:Cofán
2044:Other
2035:Yauna
1995:Siona
1965:Cuiba
1960:Cubeo
1894:Chami
1889:Catio
1884:Baudo
1770:Pasto
1760:Misak
1727:Wayuu
1284:Close
1267:Front
1158:Nasal
1108:Trill
960:plain
943:Velar
617:ni.lu
574:tu.li
562:tu.lí
548:) in
542:pa.lu
531:pá.lu
527:pà.lu
525:L)L (
481:nónoj
245:"day"
2496:Hodï
2396:Barí
2310:Sapé
2091:Páez
1866:Wiwa
1856:Kuna
1851:Kogi
1841:Barí
1798:Bora
1591:link
1350:Open
1277:Back
533:).ma
474:L)('
433:púca
406:náwa
395:náwa
383:púca
371:náwa
331:)(L'
315:L)('
252:)(L'
236:L)('
39:Jiwi
2401:Uwa
1861:Uwa
1515:at
1501:at
1321:Mid
1141:t͡s
818:ts
607:)L
603:)(L
588:)(L
578:-ta
564:).(
560:) (
556:)(L
529:).(
521:L)(
493:)('
489:(L'
443:(L'
437:-ta
426:-ta
420:L)L
410:-ta
399:-ta
327:(L'
319:L)L
297:(L'
289:L)L
248:(L'
152:ELP
127:gob
120:guh
2599::
1587:}}
1583:{{
1565:^
1461:,
1450:,
1434:67
1432:,
1409:13
1407:,
1396:,
1377:,
1009:tʰ
908:y
896:ts
893:tj
830:y
815:th
803:q
788:l
773:e
732:Ts
727:Th
605:ˈL
601:ˌL
599:(L
592:)
590:ˌL
586:ˈL
584:(L
558:ˌL
554:ˈL
552:(L
523:ˈL
519:ˌL
470:('
447:)L
439:→
435:+
428::
416:('
412:→
408:+
380:L)
376:('
368:L)
364:('
335:)L
311:('
301:)L
285:('
240:L)
232:('
51:,
2191:e
2184:t
2177:v
1663:e
1656:t
1649:v
1593:)
1579:.
1560:.
1536:.
1463:6
1452:1
1398:5
1380:e
1374:a
1358:a
1339:o
1327:e
1310:u
1300:ɨ
1290:i
1240:j
1228:β
1225:~
1222:w
1199:l
1174:n
1164:m
1116:r
1097:h
1087:x
1075:s
1065:ɸ
1042:d
1032:b
988:k
976:t
966:p
905:w
902:ü
899:u
890:t
887:s
884:r
881:p
878:o
875:n
872:m
869:l
866:k
860:j
857:i
854:f
851:e
848:d
845:b
842:a
827:x
824:w
821:u
812:t
809:s
806:r
800:p
797:o
794:n
791:m
785:j
782:i
779:f
776:ë
770:d
767:c
764:b
761:a
752:Y
747:X
742:W
737:U
722:T
717:S
712:R
707:Q
702:P
697:O
692:N
687:M
682:L
677:J
672:I
667:F
662:Ë
657:E
652:D
647:C
642:B
637:A
517:(
497:)
495:H
491:L
483:ì
478:)
476:H
472:L
445:L
418:L
378:L
366:L
333:L
329:L
317:L
313:L
299:L
287:L
256:)
254:L
250:L
238:L
234:L
20:)
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