568:. Pluscarden was chosen over Urquhart for the priory location as the buildings were more spacious and thought easier to restore and Bonally was appointed as its first Benedictine prior. However, the Abbot of Dunfermline's representative informed him that he found the priory in need of much renovation; the consequence of nearly 60 years of neglect was that vaulted roofs of the choir and crossing were in danger of collapsing. About the time of John Bonally irregularities had become commonplace in the Priory of Pluscarden as well as before that at Urquhart and the priors of both places were accused of much sinfulness. Following a commission held into the alleged abuses, Bonally resigned and was succeeded by William Boyce who was the sacrist at Dunfermline Abbey. William Boyce, the second Benedictine Prior of Pluscarden, was given responsibility for the maintenance of the church fabric of Dunfermline Abbey from Abbot Richard de Bothwell (1445–70) at the time that the west end of the abbey's nave was restored. The inference has been made that it was during this prior's tenure that some major improvements were carried out at Pluscarden. Indeed, by 1506, King James IV was able to stay at the priory and was noted as giving the masons working on the building a sum of 15 shillings for buying drink.
681:
458:– and the vegetable plots where the brothers were allowed to tend their private gardens in the afternoons when not engaged in official priory duties. Another Carthusian rule adopted by the Valliscaulians was that the priory should have no more than 20 monks. This meant that with the small size of the community, survival would be difficult without wealthy patrons. The Valliscaulians only had 21 houses in total, according to JAP Mignard, the Order's 19th-century historian and three of these were in Scotland, namely Pluscarden,
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chamberlain with two servants, a master-cook, master-baker, porter and a gardener. George
Learmonth (1509–29) and Alexander Dunbar (1529–60) were the last two priors before the Reformation who, although they were secular clerics, both wore the Benedictine habit. Dunbar, in a similar manner to his contemporary Bishop Patrick Hepburn at Elgin, carried out large-scale alienation of the priory property – in Dunbar's case, to his own family. Dunbar died in 1560 and the community was made the responsibility of a succession of lay
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696:, US, to attain canonical status as a dependency of Pluscarden. In 1990, Dom Anselm Atkinson of Pluscarden was appointed Superior of St. Mary's by Abbot Alfred Spencer. He remained in this office at Petersham until elected Abbot of Pluscarden on 9 August 2011. His abbatial blessing took place at Pluscarden on 3 October 2011.
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The state of the house, both physically and politically, had by the 15th century, become serious with regular arguments breaking out over who should be prior. Falling income and disjointed contact with France due to the
Hundred Year War (1337–1453) exacerbated the situation. The Scottish houses were
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The 16th-century complement at
Pluscarden as shown by their signatures on charters shows that there were seven monks in 1500, nine in 1508, thirteen in 1524 and also in 1548, and eleven in 1558. After the Reformation, the rental of the priory in 1561 gives details of the inhabitants – five monks, a
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During the 17th century, the priory became ruinous and was used as a quarry for the rebuilding of St Giles Kirk, in Elgin. The payments made to hauliers imply that the pulling down of the building must have been on a large scale. The lands at
Pluscarden came into the ownership of the Earls of Fife
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is a history of
Scotland which borrows heavily from the writings in the Scotichronicon and Fordun and was penned in Pluscarden in 1461 at the behest of the Abbot of Dunfermline. The document was written by a secular cleric called Maurice Buchanan but he gives no information originating from the
535:, and called the Wolf of Badenoch. Certainly, the physical evidence confirms that there was a significant fire and that the damage caused to the transepts was never restored points to dwindling resources. In 1398 Prior Thomas Fullonis resigned having served for 21 years. He wrote to the
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and the 4th Earl arrested further deterioration when he converted the east range into a shooting lodge. The property was then bought by John
Patrick Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute in 1897 who commenced restoration of the church but was halted in 1900 upon his death.
482:, to have taken the three Valliscaulian houses for that of the Carthusians. He recorded this in his Scotichronicon of 1437 and so must have been aware of their customs so soon after the establishment of the only Scottish Carthusian monastery in Perth in 1429.
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in 1943. The community arrived in 1948 and within seven years the church's bell tower had been roofed. Restoration work continued and in 1966 the priory obtained its independence from
Prinknash, achieving abbey status in 1974.
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In 1453, John
Bonally, the Prior of Urquhart formally requested from the Pope that his monastery and Pluscarden be merged. At that time, Urquhart had only two monks and Pluscarden had six. A Papal Bull was issued by
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was small compared to the great medieval religious houses and emerged at a time when austere monasticism had spread across Europe c. 1075–1200. The founder of the Order was Viard who trained as a lay cleric at the
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The abbey welcomes guests and occasionally conducts formal retreats. Silence is generally observed in the church, refectory and other monastic areas. Guests often help with the manual work of the abbey.
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591:(later to become the 1st Earl of Dunfermline), both witnessed a grant of fishings in 1586. After the priory ceased to have a monastic community, the estates were administered by lay priors.
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practices. The most obvious difference in approach from the
Cistercian practices would have been the separate cells for the monks – most likely a partitioned dormitory as practised by the
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informing him of the hard times at the priory but that Prior
Alexander (1398 – c.1417) had been elected and had been tasked with repairing the deteriorating church and living areas.
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saw the decline of the priory, and by 1680 it was in a ruinous condition. Some work to arrest decay took place in the late 19th century. In 1948, the priory became a house of the
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Folz, R.: Le monastere du Val des Choux au premier siecle de son histoire, Bulletin Philologique et Historique du Comite des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 1959, pp 91–115
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Monk of Melrose; did not take up office – the monks of Pluscarden elect William Birnie, a Pluscarden monk, but this was disputed by Symson and lawsuit continued until 1439
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who saw to the monastic revenues and the welfare of those monks that remained. The last monk recorded at Pluscarden was Thomas Ross who along with the commendatory prior,
324:, perhaps meaning "an enclosure", which may be the second element. The first element seems to be Brittonic, but its identity is less apparent. It may be equivalent to the
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He became Lord Urquhart upon his appointment to the legal bench and later received the title of Lord Fyvie in 1597, and then Earl of Dunfermline in 1605. He became
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and was the Prior of Pluscarden after being appointed by Queen Mary Stuart. In 1577, he was deprived of Pluscarden for failing to adhere to Protestantism.
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Scotia Depicta, or the antiquities, castles, public buildings, noblemen and gentlemen's seats, cities, towns and picturesque scenery of Scotland
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3rd Abbot of Pluscarden and Abbot Visitor of the English Province of the Subiaco Congregation of Benedictines 2003—2019. Resigned July 1st 2024
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Pluscarden and Urquhart priories merge by Papal Bull. John Bonally, monk of Dunfermline and Prior of Urquhart appointed Prior of Pluscarden.
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Choisselet, D & Vernet, P: (eds) Les Ecclesiastica Officia Cisterciens du Xlleme siecle, Abbaye d'Oelenberg, F-68950 Reiningue. 1989
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in Gloucestershire. In 1966, the priory received its independence from the mother-house; it was elevated to abbatial status in 1974.
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Monk of Dunfermline; Gavin Dunbar, cleric of Moray Diocese, later Bishop of Aberdeen, attempts to become prior in 1479.
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It has traditionally been held that there were two 14th century fires at the priory. The first was ascribed to
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in 1205–6; a copy of this bull was preserved in the Chartulary of Moray. The consequential legal charter, the
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on 12 March 1453 joining the priories and from then on Pluscarden became a daughter house of the Benedictine
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Beckett, N M : The Perth Charterhouse before 1500, Analecta Cartusiana, 128, Salzburg, 1988, p xi;
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and Dulpoten and salmon fishing rights in both the Findhorn and Spey. The priory was also granted a
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is the first element arises the possibility that the second part of the name is derived from Gaelic
331:, apparently "filthy". The most phonetically plausible solution is that the first element is either
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Historia Gentis Scotorurn, ed Skene, W F (Historians of Scotland vols 1 & 4), Edinburgh, 1871/2
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Bull of Pope Nicholas V dated 1454 commanding the union of the priories of Urquhart and Pluscarden
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A Tertiary of Saint Francis , 'The Story of Pluscarden Priory.' (Pluscarden Priory, 1948.) p.6.
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Abbot of Prinknash (1938–1963) declared de jure Prior of Pluscarden by Lord Lyon, King of Arms
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in Burgundy. Viard, who drew up the ascetic rules governing the Order, received consent from
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Hannah, I C: Screens and lofts in Scottish churches, Proc Soc Antiq Scot,Vol. 70, pp 181–201
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who now owned the buildings at Pluscarden gave the priory and its land to the Benedictine
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Vermeer, P : 'Citeaux – Val des Choux', Collectanea Ord Cist Ref, 15, 1954, pp 35–44
504:. He also gave the priory the earnings of mills in Pluscarden, Elgin, Dunkinedir, Molen,
1630:
McCormick, Finbar: Excavations at Pluscarden Priory, Moray, Proc Soc Antiq Scot,), p 393
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McCormick, Finbar: Excavations at Pluscarden Priory, Moray, Proc Soc Antiq Scot,), p 392
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McCormick, Finbar: Excavations at Pluscarden Priory, Moray, Proc Soc Antiq Scot,), p 391
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Macphail, S R: History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn, Edinburgh, 1881, p 254f
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Macphail, S R: History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn.1881 Edinburgh. p 193
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Macphail, S R: History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn.1881 Edinburgh, p 223
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Macphail, S R: History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn.1881 Edinburgh, p 217
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Macphail, S R: History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn.1881 Edinburgh. p 80
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Abbot of Prinknash (1963–1979) and Major Superior of Pluscarden Abbey (1963–66)
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1834:, ed. Skene, W. F. (Historians of Scotland; vols. 1 & 4), Edinburgh, 1871–2
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given an exemption from attending the yearly General Chapter at Val de Choux.
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Hutchison, C E: The hermit monks of Grandmont, Kalamazoo, 1989, pp 93, 338–9
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Alexander II granted the Order extensive lowland estates between the rivers
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Dilworth, M: The Commendator System in Scotland', Innes Rev, 37, 1986, p 63
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Bower, W: Scotichronicon, Watt, D E R (ed). Aberdeen, 1987, vol 8, p275
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Register of Dunfermline, years 1429, 1454, 1456 pp. 283, 333, 337, 339
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Birch, W De Gray Ordinale Conventus Vallis Caulium. London, 1900, p119
1979:
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Pluscarden was erected into a temporal lordship belonging to Seton.
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1890:
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In 1987, Pluscarden accepted the request of St. Mary's Monastery,
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360:, "a place", has been suggested but is unlikely given the word is
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of Benedictines, and restoration began at the hands of monks from
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Bagimond’s Tax Roll, Pluscarden assessed for £533 annual income.
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Contemporary chronicles from the priory do not exist however the
241:
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1914:
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1561–1562 George, 7th Lord Seton named Yconomus of Pluscarden.
516:. All of these taken together meant that Pluscarden prospered.
1844:
McCormick, Finbar "Excavations at Pluscarden Priory, Moray'",
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2nd Abbot of Pluscarden. From 2011 Bishop of Aberdeen Diocese
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430:
The founding priory was Val des Choux around 20 km from
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George Sinclair, Earl of Caithness and Major George Bateman
1429:(2nd ed.). Oxford: the University Press. p. 195.
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Monk of Pluscarden; election challenged by William Birnie.
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of the Black Burn, six miles (ten kilometres) southwest of
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1592:
1590:
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Guigues ler: Coutumes de Chartreuse, Dom M Laporte (ed),
338:, "integument, nutshell, eggshell" or its Pictish cognate
1825:
Hannah, I. C. '"Screens and lofts in Scottish churches",
1504:
1502:
201:
96:
Our Blessed Lady, Saint John the Baptist and Saint Andrew
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Webster, J: Dunfermline Abbey. Dunfermline, 1948, p 231
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Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London
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Webster, J: Dunfermline Abbey. Dunfermline, 1948, p 197
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Secular cleric of St Andrews Diocese. Died March 1531.
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Anson, P F: A Monastery in Moray, London, 1959, p 158
1711:
Anson, P F: A Monastery in Moray, London, 1959, p 101
395:
The Valliscaulian priory of Pluscarden was founded by
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Christian monasteries established in the 13th century
1771:"Bishop Hugh Gilbert: Christ will be my top priority"
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Secular cleric of Ross Diocese. Died September 1560
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David Cran, monk of Deer intruded briefly as prior.
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Pluscarden becomes an independent conventual Priory
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922:Monk of Dunfermline and elected by the community.
312:regularly appears in discussions of the possible
1757:A holy man tipped to lead the nation’s Catholics
446:contains rules that show close resemblances to
2656:Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Great Britain
2651:Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham
1759:, Mary Wakefield, The Spectator, 18 March 2008
813:Brother of Henry de Pluscardyn, Chancellor at
2448:
1926:
1822:, Watt, D. E. R. (ed.) Aberdeen, 1987, vol. 8
1204:Alexander, 5th Earl of Fife, 1st Duke of Fife
8:
2936:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
1839:History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn
1478:"The Etymologies of Pluscarden and Stirling"
21:
16:Benedictine monastery in Moray, Scotland, UK
1426:BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names
637:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1933:
1919:
1911:
1684:Register of Dunfermline, pp. 309 and 353-4
300:, of which the earliest attestations were
20:
1240:SECOND BENEDICTINE PRIORY AND FIRST ABBEY
657:Learn how and when to remove this message
491:Sigillum Conventus Vall Andree in Moravia
1471:
1469:
1387:The exact tenure of the prior is unknown
707:
679:
512:on all the iron mined in the forests of
2818:List of Catholic seminaries in Scotland
2492:Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh
1415:
986:Alexander Seton was the 4th son of the
2555:Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh
308:1233, is "problematic" in its origin.
248:, Scotland. It was founded in 1230 by
2797:List of Catholic churches in Scotland
2646:Military Ordinariate of Great Britain
2488:Province of St Andrews and Edinburgh:
722:
717:
712:
533:Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan
489:Official Seal of Pluscarden Priory –
383:, or the Pictish equivalent of Welsh
259:In 1454, following a merger with the
7:
2916:Category A listed buildings in Moray
2813:List of Catholic schools in Scotland
1896:St. Mary's Monastery, Petersham site
1769:Barrett, David V. (18 August 2011).
1462:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
635:adding citations to reliable sources
531:in 1303 and the second, in 1390, to
426:The founding Priory of Val des Choux
2926:Benedictine monasteries in Scotland
1404:List of monastic houses in Scotland
1003:Intruded as prior. Natural son of
14:
2843:St Catharine's Convent, Edinburgh
2502:Diocese of Argyll & the Isles
1811:Ordinale Conventus Vallis Caulium
1450:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1005:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
688:in Scotia Depicta, published 1804
524:priory's monastic establishment.
2883:
2871:
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1946:
1307:Local Superior and acting Prior
1285:Local Superior and acting Prior
1263:Local Superior and acting Prior
1056:Colin Mackenzie 2nd Lord Kintail
607:
188:
27:
2473:Bishops' Conference of Scotland
1108:Joint lay priors of Pluscarden
1081:Sir George Mackenzie of Tarbat
704:Priors and abbots of Pluscarden
2921:Listed monasteries in Scotland
2858:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
2782:St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow
2757:St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh
2575:Bishop of Argyll and the Isles
277:Subiaco Cassinese Congregation
1:
2838:St Mary's Monastery, Kinnoull
2792:St Mirin's Cathedral, Paisley
2772:St Andrew's Cathedral, Dundee
2762:St Mary's Cathedral, Aberdeen
1423:Pointon, Graham, ed. (1990).
1119:Sole lay prior of Pluscarden
267:, Pluscarden Priory became a
108:Diocese of Moray (historical)
106:Diocese of Aberdeen (present)
2777:St Columba's Cathedral, Oban
1879:National Library of Scotland
1252:Titular Prior of Pluscarden
1043:Kenneth Mackenzie of Kintail
128:Important associated figures
2464:Catholic Church in Scotland
1399:Catholic Church in Scotland
1340:Pluscarden becomes an Abbey
1165:Alexander, 3rd Earl of Fife
1069:Thomas Mackenzie of Kintail
575:Seal of Alexander Seton as
356:). A word related to Welsh
2952:
2853:Sancta Maria Abbey, Nunraw
2823:List of saints of Scotland
2407:St Serf's Inch, Loch Leven
1230:Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart
1217:John, 3rd Marquess of Bute
684:Engraving of the abbey by
670:Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart
132:Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart
2931:Valliscaulian monasteries
2866:
2848:Greyfriars Convent, Elgin
2741:Archdiocese of St Andrews
2536:
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1873:in the digitised copy of
1453:"Pluscarden Priory"
1337:
1314:
1238:
1031:
959:
875:
729:
450:and, to a lesser degree,
387:, both meaning "height".
371:From the suggestion that
26:
1832:Historia Gentis Scotorum
1353:1st Abbot of Pluscarden
970:Master William Cranston
877:FIRST BENEDICTINE PRIORY
810:Alexander de Pluscardyn
555:Plan of Pluscarden Abbey
122:Alexander II of Scotland
1487:. University of Glasgow
1191:James, 5th Earl of Fife
1178:James, 4th Earl of Fife
1152:James, 2nd Earl of Fife
1143:Later 1st Earl of Fife
758:Later Abbot of Kinloss
2878:Catholicism portal
2716:Archdiocese of Glasgow
2520:Archdiocese of Glasgow
1139:William Duff of Dipple
1024:Chancellor of Scotland
999:James Douglas of Spott
689:
579:
556:
493:
427:
84:(Prev. Val des Choux;
2605:Archbishop of Glasgow
2525:Diocese of Motherwell
1891:Pluscarden Abbey site
1476:Clancy, Thomas Owen.
1459:Catholic Encyclopedia
1249:Dom Benedict Steuart
1127:James Grant of Grant
1116:Major George Bateman
1026:under King James VI.
683:
574:
554:
488:
425:
406:Charterhouse of Lugny
36:Monastery information
2787:Motherwell Cathedral
2721:Diocese of the Isles
2696:Diocese of Caithness
2615:Bishop of Motherwell
2516:Province of Glasgow:
2194:Dercongal (Holywood)
1941:Senior churchmen of
1905:John Rylands Library
1804:A Monastery in Moray
1375:Dom Anselm Atkinson
1093:Sir George Mackenzie
900:Monk of Dunfermline
824:Eoghann MacPheadair
747:Exact dates unknown
731:VALLISCAULIAN PRIORY
631:improve this section
391:Valliscaulian priory
273:Scottish Reformation
166:57.60028°N 3.43833°W
2890:Scotland portal
2711:Diocese of Galloway
2701:Diocese of Dunblane
2681:Diocese of Aberdeen
2512:Diocese of Galloway
2497:Diocese of Aberdeen
1901:Pluscarden Charters
1854:. Dunfermline, 1948
1846:Proc Soc Antiq Scot
1827:Proc Soc Antiq Scot
1546:Sources Chrétiennes
1350:Dom Alfred Spencer
1327:Dom Alfred Spencer
1293:Dom Dyfrig Rushton
1260:Dom Brendan McHugh
961:COMMENDATORY PRIORY
709:
585:commendatory priors
577:Prior of Pluscarden
529:Edward I of England
521:Liber Pluscardensis
432:Châtillon-sur-Seine
401:Valliscaulian Order
254:Valliscaulian Order
162: /
23:
2706:Diocese of Dunkeld
2691:Diocese of Brechin
2595:Bishop of Galloway
2565:Bishop of Aberdeen
2530:Diocese of Paisley
2507:Diocese of Dunkeld
1809:Birch, W. De Gray
1304:Dom Columba Wynne
1282:Dom Norbert Cowen
1271:Dom Wilfred Upson
708:
690:
580:
557:
547:Benedictine priory
494:
428:
399:. The now-defunct
171:57.60028; -3.43833
2898:
2897:
2731:Diocese of Orkney
2686:Diocese of Argyll
2625:Bishop of Paisley
2585:Bishop of Dunkeld
2430:
2429:
1970:St Andrews (1472)
1943:Medieval Scotland
1852:Dunfermline Abbey
1841:. Edinburgh, 1881
1389:
1382:
1381:
1330:Conventual Prior
952:Alexander Dunbar
941:George Learmonth
737:1239 ? 1264
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599:Benedictine abbey
566:Dunfermline Abbey
480:Abbot of Inchcolm
436:Pope Innocent III
397:King Alexander II
181:
180:
86:Dunfermline Abbey
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2542:
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1935:
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414:
229:
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982:Alexander Seton
815:Elgin Cathedral
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674:Prinknash Abbey
663:
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628:
612:
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589:Alexander Seton
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537:Bishop of Moray
408:
393:
294:
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1965:Glasgow (1492)
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1885:External links
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1819:Scotichronicon
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1802:Anson, P. F.:
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916:1481–1486?
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169: /
144:Coordinates
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2905:Categories
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1033:LAY PRIORY
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