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534:. Population sizes are frequently very small, with as few as a dozen individuals. Populations can be up to several hundred individuals, but this is not typical. A conservation risk typical for species with wild and cultivated populations is the contamination of the wild gene pool by hybridization with cultivated individuals. This has not been documented in wild poinsettias, though, as cultivars seldom flower and do not produce fruits. As of 2012, wild poinsettias were not protected by Mexican law.
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510:. Most wild populations are on Pacific-facing slopes in steep canyons. Populations were once found in rolling hill areas, though many have gone extinct. It has been hypothesized that the inaccessibility of the canyons may protect the wild populations from human disturbance. There is a somewhat anomalous population of wild poinsettias in the northern part of the Mexican state of
271:, who is credited with introducing the plant to the US in the 1820s. Poinsettias are shrubs or small trees, with heights of 0.6 to 4 m (2.0 to 13.1 ft). Though often stated to be highly toxic, the poinsettia is not dangerous to pets or children. Exposure to the plant, even consumption, most often results in no effect, though it can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
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610:
Poinsettias are popular
Christmas decorations in homes, churches, offices, and elsewhere across North America, as a result of an extensive marketing campaign by the Ecke family that began by shipping free poinsettias to television stations for use on-air. In the US, December 12 is National Poinsettia
477:
from 1985–1992 related to poinsettia exposure showed no fatalities. In 92.4% of calls, there was no effect from exposure, and in 3.4% of calls there were minor effects, defined as "minimally bothersome". Similarly, a cat or dog's exposure to poinsettias rarely necessitates medical treatment. If
472:
An attempt to determine a poisonous dose of poinsettia to rats failed, even after reaching experimental doses equivalent to consuming 500 leaves, or nearly 1 kg (2.2 lb) of sap. Contact with any part of the plant by children or pets often has no effect, though it may cause nausea, diarrhea,
729:
In the late 1980s, university researcher John Dole discovered the grafting method (grafting rarer densely-branched cultivars onto more common sparsely-branched cultivars) - previously known only to the Eckes - and published it. This allowed competitors to flourish, particularly those using low-cost
657:
The poinsettia is the world's most economically important potted plant. Each year in the US, approximately 70 million poinsettias are sold in a period of six weeks, at a value of US$ 250 million. In Puerto Rico, where poinsettias are grown extensively in greenhouses, the industry is valued at $ 5
639:
were the first to cultivate poinsettias. Cultivation in the US began when diplomat Joel
Roberts Poinsett sent some of the plants back to his greenhouses in South Carolina in the 1820s. Specific details about its spread from there are largely unverifiable, but it was exhibited at the
568:, meaning "flower that grows in residues or soil", or, literally, "excrement flower", because: "Birds would eat the seeds and deposit them somewhere, and so it seemed that the seeds would germinate and grow from bird droppings." Today it is known in Mexico and Guatemala as
808:
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area. He became intrigued by the plant and sold them from street stands. His son, Paul Ecke, developed the grafting technique, but it was the third generation of Eckes, Paul Ecke Jr., who was responsible for advancing the association between the plant and
Christmas.
291:. They became associated with the Christmas holiday and are popular seasonal decorations. Every year in the United States, approximately 70 million poinsettias of many cultivated varieties are sold in a six-week period. Many of these poinsettias are grown by
748:
Poinsettias are susceptible to several diseases, mostly fungal, but also bacterial and parasitic. Conditions that promote poinsettia propagation also favor certain diseases. Fungal diseases affecting greenhouse poinsettia operations include
518:, which is much further inland in the hot and seasonally dry forests than the rest of the species' range. Genetic analyses showed that the wild populations in northern Guerrero are the likely ancestors of most cultivated poinsettias.
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two varieties of poinsettia together. A poinsettia left to grow on its own will naturally take an open, somewhat weedy look. The Eckes' technique made it possible to get every seedling to branch, resulting in a bushier plant.
1804:
Yu CX, Wang RY, Qi FM, Su PJ, Yu YF, Li B, Zhao Y, Zhi DJ, Zhang ZX, Fei DQ (December 2019). "Eupulcherol A, a triterpenoid with a new carbon skeleton from
Euphorbia pulcherrima, and its anti-Alzheimer's bioactivity".
1338:
Trejo, L.; Feria Arroyo, T. P.; Olsen, K. M.; Eguiarte, L. E.; Arroyo, B.; Gruhn, J. A.; Olson, M. E. (2012). "Poinsettia's wild ancestor in the
Mexican dry tropics: Historical, genetic, and environmental evidence".
734:. The Ecke family's business, now led by Paul Ecke III, decided to stop producing plants in the US, but as of 2008, they still served about 70 percent of the domestic market and 50 percent of the worldwide market.
478:
ingested, mild drooling or vomiting can occur, or rarely, diarrhea. In rare cases, exposure to the eye may result in eye irritation. Skin exposure to the sap may cause itchiness, redness, or swelling. It can induce
346:, a botanist and the first US Minister to Mexico. Possibly as early as 1826, Poinsett began sending poinsettias from Mexico back to his greenhouses in South Carolina. Prior to poinsettia, it was known as "
278:
is much further inland, however, and is thought to be the ancestor of most cultivated populations. Wild poinsettia populations are highly fragmented, as their habitat is experiencing largely unregulated
469:
published a newsletter stating erroneously that "one poinsettia leaf can kill a child", and in 1980 they were prohibited from nursing homes in a county in North
Carolina due to this supposed toxicity.
1719:
Smith-Kielland I, Dornish JM, Malterud KE, Hvistendahl G, Rømming C, Bøckman OC, Kolsaker P, Stenstrøm Y, Nordal A (August 1996). "Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the leaves of
Euphorbia pulcherrima".
404:, meaning that they require darkness (at least fourteen hours at a time for 6–8 weeks in a row) to change color. The plants also require abundant light during the day for the brightest color.
2225:
A GRAFT-TRANSMISSIBLE FACTOR IN EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA CAUSING PERMANENT CHANGES IN BRANCHING AND ANOTHER MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS J. Dole, H. Wilkins, ISHS Acta
Horticulturae 226, 1987,
2130:
Lee, I.-M.; Klopmeyer, M.; Bartoszyk, I. M.; Gundersen-Rindal, D. E.; Chou, T.-S.; Thomson, K. L.; Eisenreich, R. (1997). "Phytoplasma induced free-branching in commercial poinsettia cultivars".
259:. Indigenous to Mexico and Central America, the poinsettia was first described by Europeans in 1834. It is particularly well known for its red and green foliage and is widely used in
3367:
2174:
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Ibáñez MD, Fernández-Nieto M, Martínez J, Cardona GA, Guisantes J, Quirce S, Sastre J (October 2004). "Asthma induced by latex from 'Christmas flower' (Euphorbia pulcherrima)".
465:
on this premise. Though Arnold later admitted that the story was hearsay and that poinsettias were not proven to be poisonous, the plant was thus thought deadly. In 1970 the US
3362:
1641:
Dominguez XA, Garcia
Delgado J, De Lourdes Maffey M, Mares JG, Rombold C (September 1967). "Chemical study of the latex, stems, bracts, and flowers of "Christmas Flower" (
498:
are found in aerial parts of the plant, including its latex and leaves. One such triterpenoid skeleton is being investigated for its anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivity.
506:
The poinsettia occurs in North and
Central America, from Mexico to southern Guatemala. Its range is about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) long, encompassing mid-elevation
2100:
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3318:
507:
474:
721:, in 1923, had a virtual monopoly on poinsettias owing to a technique that made their plants much more attractive. They produced a fuller, more compact plant by
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The tropical dry forests where wild poinsettias grow experience largely unregulated deforestation, resulting in habitat loss. Its natural habitat is thus highly
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sent by air, he sent free plants to television stations for them to display on air from Thanksgiving to Christmas. He also appeared on television programs like
1553:
Aydin Ö, Erkekol FÖ, Misirloigil Z, Demirel YS, Mungan D (2014). "Allergic sensitization to ornamental plants in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma".
599:
From the 17th century, Franciscan friars in Mexico included the plants in their Christmas celebrations. The star-shaped leaf pattern is said to symbolize the
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793:. Infection by poinsettia branch-inducing phytoplasma is actually desirable, as it keeps the plants shorter with more flowers. It is the first known
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2007:
396:—which are normally flaming red, with cultivars being orange, pale green, cream, pink, white, or marbled—are often mistaken for flower
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Wild poinsettias occur from Mexico to southern Guatemala, growing on mid-elevation, Pacific-facing slopes. One population in the Mexican state of
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Dai Y, Liu S, Xu J, Zhao C, Gu Q (April 2019). "Triterpenoids from Euphorbia pulcherrima with inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis".
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of axillary buds—is used. The discovery of the role phytoplasmas play in the growth of axillary buds is credited to Ing-Ming Lee of the
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or vomiting if swallowed. External exposure to the plant may result in a skin rash for some. A survey of more than 20,000 calls to the
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with bright scarlet bracts or floral leaves, presented to the Bartram Collection by Mr. Poinsett, United States Minister of Mexico."
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Poinsettias are popularly, though incorrectly, said to be toxic to humans and other animals. This misconception was spread by a 1919
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2060:"First Report of Wilt and Stem Canker of Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Puerto Rico"
1165:
1005:
Krenzelok, Edward P.; Jacobsen, T.D; Aronis, John M. (1996). "Poinsettia exposures have good outcomes … just as we thought".
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of a two-year-old child dying after consuming a poinsettia leaf. In 1944, the plant was included in H. R. Arnold's book
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is a shrub or small tree, typically reaching a height of 0.6–4 metres (2–13 ft). The plant bears dark green
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because of their groupings and colors, but are actually leaves. The colors of the bracts are created through
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415:(small yellow structures found in the center of each leaf bunch, or false flowers). Nothing is known about
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To produce extra axillary buds that are necessary for plants containing multiple flowers, a
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million annually. There are over 100 cultivated varieties of poinsettia that have been
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are noted to occasionally visit the cyathia. All flowers in the Euphorbiaceae are
4523:
1771:
1592:"Molluscicides from some common medicinal plants of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India"
1121:
Taylor, Judith M.; Lopez, Roberto G.; Currey, Christopher J.; Jan, Jules (2011).
1065:"The discovery, naming and typification of Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae)"
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flower". In Chile and Peru, the plant became known as the "crown of the Andes".
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leaves that measure 6–16 centimetres (2.4–6.3 in) in length. The colored
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It was known by the common name "poinsettia" as early as 1836, derived from
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The flowers of the poinsettia are unassuming. They are grouped within the
295:, which serves half the worldwide market and 70 percent of the US market.
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Pulcherrol and pulcherryl acetate are among the components of its latex.
412:
328:
275:
110:
2143:
2076:
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1682:
Baas WJ (August 1977). "Triterpenes in latex of Euphorbia pulcherrima".
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427:(either male or female only), and they are often very small in size. In
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Paul Ecke III; James E. Faust; Jack A. Williams; Andy Higgins (2004).
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1984:
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had been collected in Mexico during an 1803–1804 expedition by
284:
123:
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1195:
History, Art & Archives: United States House of Representatives
1171:(Report). Colorado State University Extension. November 2009. 7.412
717:
Until the 1990s, the Ecke family, who had moved their operation to
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Besides changing the market from mature plants shipped by rail to
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442:
397:
372:
361:
71:
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4052:
3716:
2434:
1928:
Bussell, Gene (December 2009). "Get Ready for Holiday Flowers".
1440:
Vreeman, R. C.; Carroll, A. E. (2008). "Festive medical myths".
1277:
Extension, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences. Archived from
674:
431:, the flowers are reduced even more and then aggregated into an
420:
4136:
2345:
2058:
Estevez De Jensen, C.; Abad, G.; Roberts, P.; Rosa, E. (2006).
611:
Day, marking the anniversary of Joel Roberts Poinsett's death.
212:
2278:(Report). Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. PPFS-GH-06.
16:
Species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae
2341:
2008:"How America's Most Popular Potted Plant Captured Christmas"
239:
233:
224:
603:, and the red color represents the blood sacrifice of the
580:, meaning "Christmas Eve flower". In Spain it is known as
408:, they generally lose most of their leaves during winter.
2175:"Poinsettias: Helping an Icon to Bloom at the Right Time"
814:
A male leopard lacewing butterfly landing on a poinsettia
563:
263:
floral displays. It derives its common English name from
1044:[Description of two new Euphorbia from Mexico].
550:
Aztec people use the plant to produce red dye and as an
1321:
POINSETTIA. ukhouseplants. Retrieved 15 August, 2023.
221:
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by Colonel Robert Carr. Carr described it as "a new
227:
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2247:"How Poinsettias Became Synonymous With Christmas"
2245:Shapiro, Ari; Martin, Michel (December 22, 2017).
925:
1042:"Beschreibung zweier neuen Euphorbien aus Mexico"
453:(1913) wrongly alleging that poinsettia is deadly
2273:Plant Pathology Fact Sheet: Poinsettia Diseases
1799:
1797:
530:, particularly near metropolitan areas such as
1904:"The poinsettia: Jesus' life story in a plant"
1877:"The Legends and Traditions of Holiday Plants"
475:American Association of Poison Control Centers
2357:
2227:https://www.actahort.org/books/226/226_34.htm
714:'s Christmas specials to promote the plants.
587:
581:
575:
569:
307:as a new species in 1834 by German scientist
8:
2271:Hartman, John R.; Kaiser, Cheryl A. (2010).
1590:Singh SK, Yadav RP, Singh A (January 2010).
1123:"The Poinsettia: History and Transformation"
797:that has economically advantageous effects.
692:in 1900, opening a dairy and orchard in the
1000:
998:
996:
994:
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3735:
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2342:
2039:. University of Florida IFAS. July 2, 2014
1958:"The bloom is off the poinsettia business"
1007:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
546:Poinsettias in a church in the Philippines
45:
36:
27:
2075:
1609:
1082:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1302:"Are you Photoperiodic? Poinsettias Are"
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
967:
965:
963:
1319:Why Do Poinsettias Die After Christmas?
1260:
1258:
866:
804:
2099:Dougherty, Elizabeth (June 10, 2016).
2006:Hendry, Erica R. (December 12, 2013).
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1231:Seltzer, Erica D.; Spinner, MaryAnne.
688:Albert Ecke emigrated from Germany to
3694:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1160:
1158:
669:infection—whose symptoms include the
255:species of the diverse spurge family
7:
4413:b9d5a21f-130c-4ecc-b529-0f2fa7763678
2200:McFather, Joan (December 10, 2015).
1875:Jauron, Richard (December 8, 1995).
1854:. Buffalo, NY: Firefly. p. 26.
1808:Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
954:participating institution membership
631:Euphorbia pulcherrima in Viherlandia
327:is given as Willd. ex Klotzsch. The
779:blight. Bacterial diseases include
623:Shrubby hedge growing near a street
4511:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30176564-2
1987:. Poinsettiaday.com. July 22, 2002
1648:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1300:Graper, David (December 4, 2018).
642:Pennsylvania Horticultural Society
14:
1985:"Poinsettia Day Bill of Congress"
1956:Anton, Mike (December 23, 2008).
4115:
4114:
3570:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3465:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2329:
2318:
2173:Kaplan, Kim (December 1, 2015).
1524:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00404.x
1308:. South Dakota State University.
979:. National Capital Poison Center
876:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
831:
819:
807:
269:United States minister to Mexico
205:
58:
1881:Horticulture and Home Pest News
1191:"Poinsett's Popular Poinsettia"
3550:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3479:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
2862:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2641:Legend of the Christmas Spider
2105:US Patent and Trademark Office
1556:Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
283:. They were cultivated by the
251:) is a commercially important
1:
3501:Christmas television specials
3400:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2487:Annunciation to the shepherds
2202:"Cultivating Cherokee County"
1597:Journal of Applied Toxicology
1019:10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90086-8
826:An inflorescence of the plant
678:Agricultural Research Service
486:in certain groups of people.
3555:Christmas and holiday season
1772:10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.028
1267:"Fun Facts About Poinsettia"
878:. Harlow, England: Longman.
467:Food and Drug Administration
447:Newspaper headline from the
419:in wild poinsettias, though
787:, while a viral disease is
744:List of poinsettia diseases
377:Scientific illustration of
21:Poinsettia (disambiguation)
4629:
2467:Adoration of the Shepherds
2295:The Ecke Poinsettia Manual
2232:November 26, 2021, at the
1341:American Journal of Botany
1136:(3): 23–27. Archived from
741:
463:Poisonous Plants of Hawaii
18:
4110:
3711:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3472:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3393:The Oxford Book of Carols
2969:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2532:Massacre of the Innocents
2381:
2037:Florida Virtual Field Day
1850:Schrader, Dennis (2008).
933:Oxford English Dictionary
366:A full-grown specimen of
309:Johann Friedrich Klotzsch
182:
175:
55:Scientific classification
53:
44:
35:
30:
3513:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2297:. Chicago Review Press.
1569:10.2500/aap.2014.35.3733
1063:Lack, H. Walter (2011).
1046:Allgemeine Gartenzeitung
1040:Klotzsch, J. F. (1834).
838:The pollen of the plant
646:Philadelphia Flower Show
4601:Flora of Central Mexico
3675:Small Business Saturday
3545:Black Friday (shopping)
3540:Black Friday (partying)
3034:Nine Lessons and Carols
2964:Events and celebrations
1908:United Methodist Church
1883:. Iowa State University
1413:"Poisonous Poinsettias"
1271:Perry's Perennial Pages
938:Oxford University Press
874:Wells, John C. (1990).
790:Poinsettia mosaic virus
564:
435:or cluster of flowers.
3319:Post-War United States
2177:. USDA. Archived from
1698:10.1055/s-0028-1097550
1661:10.1002/jps.2600560931
1241:University of Illinois
1130:Chronica Horticulturae
632:
624:
588:
582:
576:
570:
562:, the plant is called
558:, the language of the
547:
454:
450:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
382:
370:
333:Alexander von Humboldt
4462:Euphorbia_pulcherrima
4177:Euphorbia pulcherrima
4147:Euphorbia pulcherrima
3368:Hit singles in the US
3363:Hit singles in the UK
2924:Carols by Candlelight
2852:Santa Claus' daughter
2460:Adoration of the Magi
2336:Euphorbia pulcherrima
2324:Euphorbia pulcherrima
2101:"Patently Poinsettia"
1735:10.1055/s-2006-957893
1643:Euphorbia pulcherrima
1387:www.euphorbiaceae.org
1281:on September 14, 2019
1275:University of Vermont
719:Encinitas, California
630:
622:
545:
446:
386:Euphorbia pulcherrima
376:
365:
344:Joel Roberts Poinsett
313:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
265:Joel Roberts Poinsett
249:Euphorbia pulcherrima
186:Euphorbia pulcherrima
3660:Santa's Candy Castle
2984:Google Santa Tracker
2338:at Wikimedia Commons
2132:Nature Biotechnology
1852:Extraordinary Leaves
1237:The Poinsettia Pages
1143:on November 27, 2021
605:crucifixion of Jesus
508:tropical dry forests
490:Chemical composition
348:Mexican flame flower
311:. Klotzsch credited
289:traditional medicine
19:For other uses, see
3665:Santa Claus Village
3580:Christmas Mountains
3486:Journey of the Magi
2492:Baptism of the Lord
2144:10.1038/nbt0297-178
2111:on December 8, 2019
2077:10.1094/PD-90-1459A
1902:Caviness, Crystal.
1655:(9): 1184–5 contd.
1488:Pet Poison Helpline
1353:10.3732/ajb.1200072
1197:. December 12, 2013
1084:10.3372/wi.41.41212
936:(Online ed.).
850:Christmas in Mexico
761:root and stem rot,
303:The poinsettia was
168:E. pulcherrima
4586:Christian folklore
3775:Twelve-dish supper
3625:Jews and Christmas
3575:Christmas Lectures
3304:American Civil War
3039:NORAD Tracks Santa
2415:Saint Nicholas Day
1821:10.1039/c9ob02334h
1421:. December 6, 2007
1233:"Poinsettia Facts"
890:entry "poinsettia"
781:bacterial soft rot
633:
625:
571:flor de nochebuena
548:
455:
383:
371:
192:Willd. ex Klotzsch
4573:
4572:
4447:Open Tree of Life
4139:Taxon identifiers
4130:
4129:
4106:
4105:
3770:Thirteen desserts
3690:Virginia O'Hanlon
3535:Advent Conspiracy
3449:Films (Christmas,
3441:A Christmas Carol
3386:Carols for Choirs
2929:Cavalcade of Magi
2909:Boar's Head Feast
2578:Star of Bethlehem
2549:Nativity of Jesus
2537:flight into Egypt
2422:St. Stephen's Day
2334:Media related to
1963:Los Angeles Times
1861:978-1-55407-387-0
1454:10.1136/bmj.a2769
1393:on March 28, 2009
952:(Subscription or
885:978-0-582-05383-0
684:American industry
601:Star of Bethlehem
502:Range and habitat
484:allergic rhinitis
197:
196:
4618:
4606:Mexican folklore
4591:Christmas plants
4566:
4565:
4553:
4552:
4540:
4539:
4527:
4526:
4514:
4513:
4501:
4500:
4488:
4487:
4475:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4442:
4441:
4429:
4428:
4416:
4415:
4406:
4405:
4393:
4392:
4380:
4379:
4367:
4366:
4354:
4353:
4341:
4340:
4328:
4327:
4315:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4292:
4291:
4279:
4278:
4266:
4265:
4253:
4252:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4226:
4214:
4213:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4134:
4122:
4118:
4117:
3953:Redcurrant sauce
3742:
3736:
3731:
3705:Winter festivals
3455:Christmas horror
3422:
3333:
3164:
3019:Meals and feasts
2939:Christmas jumper
2886:
2857:Santa's reindeer
2809:
2755:Father Christmas
2719:
2676:Santa's workshop
2597:
2559:in later culture
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2375:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2343:
2333:
2322:
2308:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2181:on March 1, 2017
2170:
2164:
2163:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2107:. Archived from
2096:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1940:
1939:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1613:
1611:10.1002/jat.1498
1587:
1581:
1580:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1389:. Archived from
1379:
1373:
1372:
1347:(7): 1146–1157.
1335:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1265:Perry, Leonard.
1262:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1228:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1127:
1118:
1105:
1104:
1086:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1002:
989:
988:
986:
984:
969:
958:
957:
949:
947:
945:
940:. September 2006
929:
922:
916:
915:
913:
911:
897:
891:
889:
871:
855:Christmas plants
835:
823:
811:
707:The Tonight Show
591:
585:
579:
573:
567:
246:
245:
242:
241:
236:
235:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
188:
63:
62:
49:
40:
28:
4628:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4611:Mexican legends
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4561:
4556:
4548:
4543:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4517:
4509:
4504:
4496:
4491:
4483:
4478:
4470:
4468:
4460:
4458:
4450:
4445:
4437:
4434:Observation.org
4432:
4424:
4419:
4411:
4409:
4401:
4396:
4388:
4383:
4375:
4370:
4362:
4357:
4349:
4344:
4336:
4331:
4323:
4318:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4295:
4287:
4282:
4274:
4269:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4209:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4186:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4141:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4102:
4068:Pickled herring
4041:
4010:
3957:
3948:Cranberry sauce
3931:
3910:
3886:Red velvet cake
3871:Poppy seed roll
3789:
3740:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3700:White Christmas
3590:Christmas truce
3585:Christmas seals
3565:Christmas creep
3527:
3525:
3519:
3420:
3414:
3331:
3325:
3162:
3156:
3009:Lord of Misrule
2944:Christmas Peace
2894:Advent calendar
2884:
2878:
2827:Knecht Ruprecht
2807:
2805:
2799:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2512:Herod the Great
2447:
2441:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2315:
2305:
2292:
2289:
2287:Further reading
2284:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2234:Wayback Machine
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2012:Smithsonian.com
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1931:Southern Living
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1383:"EUPHORBIA PBI"
1381:
1380:
1376:
1337:
1336:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1230:
1229:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1108:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1004:
1003:
992:
982:
980:
971:
970:
961:
951:
943:
941:
924:
923:
919:
909:
907:
899:
898:
894:
886:
873:
872:
868:
863:
846:
839:
836:
827:
824:
815:
812:
803:
746:
740:
686:
617:
554:medication. In
540:
524:
504:
492:
441:
360:
301:
293:Paul Ecke Ranch
253:flowering plant
238:
232:
208:
204:
193:
190:
184:
171:
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:wfo-0000964275
4554:
4541:
4528:
4515:
4502:
4489:
4476:
4466:
4456:
4443:
4430:
4417:
4407:
4394:
4381:
4368:
4355:
4342:
4329:
4316:
4306:
4293:
4280:
4267:
4254:
4241:
4228:
4215:
4205:
4192:
4182:
4167:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3999:Smoking Bishop
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3687:
3682:
3680:Super Saturday
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Giving Tuesday
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:Christmas club
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3458:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3426:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:Piae Cantiones
3403:
3396:
3389:
3379:
3373:Music charts (
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:Père Fouettard
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2808:Saint Nicholas
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Grandpa Indian
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2728:Saint Nicholas
2724:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Old Man Winter
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:Miner's figure
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Kallikantzaros
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2566:Nativity scene
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2401:Children's Day
2397:
2390:
2387:Blue Christmas
2382:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2327:
2314:
2313:External links
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:978-1883052416
2303:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2263:
2237:
2218:
2192:
2165:
2138:(2): 178–182.
2122:
2091:
2050:
2024:
1998:
1976:
1941:
1920:
1894:
1867:
1860:
1842:
1793:
1748:
1711:
1674:
1633:
1582:
1545:
1518:(10): 1127–8.
1500:
1475:
1432:
1404:
1374:
1323:
1311:
1306:SDSU Extension
1292:
1254:
1208:
1182:
1154:
1106:
1077:(2): 301–309.
1055:
1032:
1013:(7): 671–674.
990:
977:Poison Control
959:
917:
905:Dictionary.com
892:
884:
865:
864:
862:
859:
858:
857:
852:
845:
842:
841:
840:
837:
830:
828:
825:
818:
816:
813:
806:
802:
799:
783:and bacterial
771:powdery mildew
763:black root rot
742:Main article:
739:
736:
685:
682:
616:
613:
583:flor de Pascua
539:
536:
523:
520:
503:
500:
491:
488:
440:
437:
406:Semi-evergreen
402:photoperiodism
379:E. pulcherrima
359:
356:
300:
297:
195:
194:
191:
180:
179:
173:
172:
165:
163:
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4624:
4623:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4564:
4559:
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4546:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4525:
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4516:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4490:
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4477:
4473:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4206:
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4197:
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4178:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4157:
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4150:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:Meat and fish
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Hot chocolate
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
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3944:
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3882:
3879:
3877:
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3839:
3837:
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3827:
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3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
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3799:
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3751:
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3718:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Ugly sweaters
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
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3641:
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3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Controversies
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
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3522:
3514:
3511:
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3504:
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3499:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
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3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:In literature
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
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3336:
3334:
3328:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:United States
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
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3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
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3159:
3153:
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3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:Moravian star
3027:
3025:
3024:Midnight Mass
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Candle arches
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Advent wreath
2902:
2900:
2899:Advent candle
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
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2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2806:Companions of
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
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2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
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2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:Gift-bringers
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
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2659:
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2639:
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2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2590:
2584:
2583:Twelfth Night
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Nativity Fast
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Christmastide
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Angel Gabriel
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:Biblical Magi
2453:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2408:Christmas Eve
2405:
2403:
2398:
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2389:
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2306:
2300:
2296:
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2274:
2267:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2207:
2206:UGA Extension
2203:
2196:
2193:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:Plant Disease
2061:
2054:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2033:"Poinsettias"
2028:
2025:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1937:
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1932:
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1921:
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1728:
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1722:Planta Medica
1715:
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1703:
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1691:
1687:
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1685:Planta Medica
1678:
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1234:
1227:
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1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
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1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
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1161:
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1155:
1139:
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1131:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:(in German).
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
991:
978:
974:
973:"Poinsettias"
968:
966:
964:
960:
955:
939:
935:
934:
928:
921:
918:
906:
902:
896:
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843:
834:
829:
822:
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786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
754:
753:
745:
737:
735:
733:
732:Latin America
727:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
708:
703:
698:
695:
691:
683:
681:
679:
676:
672:
671:proliferation
668:
663:
661:
655:
653:
652:
647:
643:
638:
629:
621:
614:
612:
608:
606:
602:
597:
595:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
565:cuetlaxōchitl
561:
557:
553:
544:
537:
535:
533:
529:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
501:
499:
497:
489:
487:
485:
481:
476:
470:
468:
464:
460:
452:
451:
445:
438:
436:
434:
433:inflorescence
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
375:
369:
368:E. pulcherima
364:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
337:Aimé Bonpland
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:deforestation
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Euphorbiaceae
254:
250:
244:
202:
189:
187:
181:
178:
177:Binomial name
174:
170:
169:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:Euphorbiaceae
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:Tracheophytes
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4146:
4058:Gefilte fish
4006:Ponche crema
3841:Melomakarono
3709:
3600:Cyber Monday
3505:
3470:
3439:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3381:Music books
3374:
3212:Nazi Germany
3104:
3100:Secret Santa
3087:
3077:
2974:Flying Santa
2681:Tió de Nadal
2631:Korvatunturi
2482:Annunciation
2448:Christianity
2429:Sol Invictus
2326:at Wikibooks
2294:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2240:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2205:
2195:
2185:November 27,
2183:. Retrieved
2179:the original
2168:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2104:
2094:
2070:(11): 1459.
2067:
2063:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
2001:
1991:November 27,
1989:. Retrieved
1979:
1969:December 28,
1967:. Retrieved
1961:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1897:
1887:November 27,
1885:. Retrieved
1880:
1870:
1851:
1845:
1815:(1): 76–80.
1812:
1806:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1729:(4): 322–5.
1726:
1720:
1714:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1601:
1595:
1585:
1563:(2): e9–14.
1560:
1554:
1548:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1493:December 31,
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1484:"Poinsettia"
1478:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1425:December 16,
1423:. Retrieved
1416:
1407:
1397:December 11,
1395:. Retrieved
1391:the original
1386:
1377:
1344:
1340:
1314:
1305:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1270:
1245:. Retrieved
1236:
1201:November 14,
1199:. Retrieved
1194:
1185:
1175:November 14,
1173:. Retrieved
1147:November 14,
1145:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1133:
1129:
1074:
1068:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1010:
1006:
983:November 26,
981:. Retrieved
976:
944:December 30,
942:. Retrieved
931:
927:"poinsettia"
920:
910:December 15,
908:. Retrieved
904:
901:"poinsettia"
895:
875:
869:
788:
774:
756:
750:
747:
728:
716:
705:
699:
687:
664:
656:
649:
634:
609:
598:
549:
525:
522:Conservation
505:
493:
471:
462:
459:urban legend
456:
448:
428:
410:
385:
384:
378:
367:
352:painted leaf
351:
347:
341:
320:
317:species name
302:
273:
267:, the first
248:
200:
198:
185:
183:
167:
166:
154:
134:Malpighiales
117:
104:
91:
78:
25:
4385:NatureServe
4297:iNaturalist
4171:Wikispecies
4073:Roast goose
3994:Mulled wine
3974:Champurrado
3969:Apple cider
3943:Bread sauce
3896:Szaloncukor
3876:Pumpkin pie
3826:Gingerbread
3780:Smörgåsbord
3421:Other media
3259:Philippines
3249:New Zealand
3132:Twelve Days
3089:Räuchermann
3044:Nutcrackers
2994:Las Posadas
2954:Decorations
2934:Christingle
2874:Zwarte Piet
2869:Snegurochka
2790:Sinterklaas
2740:Santa Claus
2256:December 8,
2211:December 8,
2115:December 8,
2043:December 7,
2017:December 8,
1913:January 27,
1766:: 355–361.
1759:Fitoterapia
1247:January 30,
1166:Poinsettias
1070:Willdenowia
795:phytoplasma
758:Rhizoctonia
690:Los Angeles
667:phytoplasma
662:in the US.
615:Cultivation
592:, meaning "
552:antipyretic
496:Triterpenes
417:pollination
358:Description
323:", and the
321:pulcherrima
287:for use in
98:Angiosperms
31:Poinsettia
4580:Categories
4480:Plant List
4208:Calflora:
3801:Candy cane
3750:Joulupöytä
3650:Pikkujoulu
3314:New Mexico
3163:By country
3137:Wassailing
3078:Poinsettia
2885:Traditions
2837:Mrs. Claus
2817:Belsnickel
2770:Julemanden
2765:Joulupukki
2696:Wenceslaus
2661:North Pole
2626:Jack Frost
2616:Christkind
2571:Neapolitan
2394:Boxing Day
1692:(1): 1–8.
1604:(1): 1–7.
1418:Snopes.com
956:required.)
861:References
755:root rot,
694:Eagle Rock
577:nochebuena
574:or simply
538:In culture
528:fragmented
381:, ca. 1880
201:poinsettia
4596:Euphorbia
4485:kew-81761
4364:150008228
4263:200012573
4088:Tourtière
4078:Romeritos
4015:Dumplings
3962:Beverages
3866:Pecan pie
3856:Panettone
3851:Pampushka
3846:Mince pie
3821:Fruitcake
3765:Réveillon
3645:NFL games
3640:NBA games
3635:In August
3605:Economics
3375:Billboard
3229:Indonesia
3172:Australia
3147:Yule goat
3122:Stockings
3056:Ornaments
2785:Père Noël
2780:Olentzero
2775:Noel Baba
2750:Ded Moroz
2706:Yule Lads
2646:Mari Lwyd
2497:Bethlehem
2374:Christmas
1938:(12): 88.
1837:208319578
1448:: a2769.
1243:Extension
1101:198149097
730:labor in
651:Euphorbia
429:Euphorbia
425:unisexual
325:authority
315:with the
305:described
261:Christmas
162:Species:
155:Euphorbia
68:Kingdom:
4550:12800046
4545:Tropicos
4459:PalDat:
4390:2.149628
4338:10604080
4325:347947-1
4156:Wikidata
4121:Category
4092:meat pie
4083:Stuffing
4037:Varenyky
3906:Yule log
3881:Qurabiya
3755:Julebord
3728:Food and
3655:SantaCon
3620:El Gordo
3507:Yule Log
3279:Scotland
3192:Ethiopia
3177:Colombia
3152:Yule log
3106:Spanbaum
3083:Pyramids
2949:Crackers
2847:Sack Man
2733:folklore
2701:Yule cat
2606:Badalisc
2596:folklore
2507:Epiphany
2230:Archived
2160:11228113
2086:30780920
1829:31773124
1788:75139105
1780:30858048
1628:22369538
1620:19943357
1577:24717779
1540:33808029
1532:15355476
1470:29006871
1462:19091758
1369:23653130
1361:22763354
1093:41548995
844:See also
776:Botrytis
738:Diseases
723:grafting
712:Bob Hope
702:cuttings
660:patented
644:'s 1829
512:Guerrero
439:Toxicity
329:holotype
299:Taxonomy
276:Guerrero
140:Family:
111:Eudicots
4537:574-726
4372:MoBotPF
4276:3066465
4237:1144084
4162:Q208253
4027:Pierogi
4022:Hallaca
3927:Borscht
3891:Stollen
3861:Pavlova
3836:Makówki
3816:Cozonac
3785:Wigilia
3670:Scrooge
3630:In July
3528:society
3460:Poetry
3294:Ukraine
3269:Romania
3234:Ireland
3224:Iceland
3219:Hungary
3207:Germany
3197:Finland
3187:England
3182:Denmark
3142:Windows
3073:Piñatas
3061:Parades
3014:Markets
2999:Letters
2989:Hampers
2832:Krampus
2671:Perchta
2611:Caganer
2152:9035146
1743:8792663
1669:6049711
1511:Allergy
1027:8906768
801:Gallery
752:Pythium
556:Nahuatl
413:cyathia
390:dentate
150:Genus:
130:Order:
72:Plantae
4493:PLANTS
4452:756493
4439:206194
4410:NZOR:
4377:280089
4351:502548
4302:162845
4201:196245
4188:106259
4185:APDB:
4098:Turkey
4032:Tamale
3989:Kissel
3979:Eggnog
3936:Sauces
3922:Menudo
3901:Turrón
3811:Cookie
3794:Sweets
3760:Kūčios
3741:Dinner
3615:Grinch
3526:modern
3493:Tomten
3452:Santa,
3435:novels
3353:Operas
3341:Carols
3309:Hawaii
3289:Sweden
3284:Serbia
3274:Russia
3264:Poland
3254:Norway
3244:Mexico
3202:France
3117:Stamps
3112:Szopka
3004:Lights
2959:Didukh
2795:Others
2745:Befana
2691:Vertep
2554:in art
2522:Joseph
2472:Advent
2301:
2158:
2150:
2084:
1858:
1835:
1827:
1786:
1778:
1741:
1706:905409
1704:
1667:
1645:) I".
1626:
1618:
1575:
1538:
1530:
1468:
1460:
1367:
1359:
1285:May 7,
1099:
1091:
1025:
882:
785:canker
773:, and
637:Aztecs
594:Easter
589:Pascua
560:Aztecs
516:Oaxaca
480:asthma
398:petals
394:bracts
350:" or "
285:Aztecs
124:Rosids
4532:SANBI
4524:88057
4498:EUPU9
4472:11477
4469:PFI:
4421:NZPCN
4403:37495
4333:IRMNG
4312:10144
4309:IPA:
4289:16403
4250:EPHPU
4224:6GZYQ
4211:12500
3831:Kutia
3730:drink
3358:Songs
3332:Music
3239:Italy
3095:Seals
3049:dolls
2979:Gifts
2919:Cards
2822:Elves
2686:Turoń
2656:Nisse
2621:Grýla
2517:Jesus
2276:(PDF)
2156:S2CID
1833:S2CID
1784:S2CID
1624:S2CID
1536:S2CID
1466:S2CID
1365:S2CID
1169:(PDF)
1141:(PDF)
1126:(PDF)
1097:S2CID
1089:JSTOR
1052:: 27.
950:
532:Taxco
421:wasps
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
79:Clade
4506:POWO
4426:4634
4398:NCBI
4359:IUCN
4346:ITIS
4320:IPNI
4284:GRIN
4271:GBIF
4245:EPPO
4196:APNI
4053:Carp
3915:Soup
3806:Cake
3717:Xmas
3346:list
3127:Tree
3066:list
2527:Mary
2436:Yule
2299:ISBN
2258:2019
2213:2019
2187:2017
2148:PMID
2117:2019
2082:PMID
2045:2019
2019:2019
1993:2017
1971:2008
1915:2020
1889:2017
1856:ISBN
1825:PMID
1776:PMID
1739:PMID
1702:PMID
1665:PMID
1616:PMID
1573:PMID
1528:PMID
1495:2019
1458:PMID
1427:2008
1399:2020
1357:PMID
1287:2014
1249:2017
1203:2019
1177:2019
1149:2019
1023:PMID
985:2019
946:2022
912:2012
880:ISBN
767:scab
710:and
675:USDA
635:The
514:and
482:and
335:and
199:The
4558:WFO
4519:RHS
4258:FoC
4232:EoL
4219:CoL
4063:Ham
2593:In
2251:NPR
2140:doi
2072:doi
1817:doi
1768:doi
1764:134
1731:doi
1694:doi
1657:doi
1606:doi
1565:doi
1520:doi
1450:doi
1446:337
1442:BMJ
1349:doi
1079:doi
1015:doi
586:or
354:".
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4560::
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