1951:
techniques within these practices. Some of these practices had written texts in vernacular languages like
Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, etc. while others were handed down orally through various mnemonic devices. Ayurveda was one kind of nattuvaidyam practised in south India. The others were kalarichikitsa (related to bone setting and musculature), marmachikitsa (vital spot massaging), ottamoolivaidyam (single dose medicine or single time medication), chintamanivaidyam and so on. When the medical system was revamped in twentieth century India, many of the practices and techniques specific to some of these diverse nattuvaidyam were included in Ayurveda.
5849:
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5834:
5804:
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27:
1763:. Three factors legitimize the role of the healer â their own beliefs, the success of their actions and the beliefs of the community. When the claims of indigenous medicine become rejected by a culture, generally three types of adherents still use it â those born and socialized in it who become permanent believers, temporary believers who turn to it in crisis times, and those who only believe in specific aspects, not in all of it.
2075:
5711:
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101:
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1198:(WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement and treatment of physical and mental illness". Traditional medicine is often contrasted with
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42:
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1906:
or woman to herbalist or even shaman and are considered spiritual or religious leaders within their respective tribes. When it comes to healing, tribal healers would look at a plant's characteristics to determine its efficacy for the treatment of an illness. Specific plant characteristics such as
1950:
Nattuvaidyam was a set of indigenous medical practices that existed in India before the advent of allopathic or western medicine. These practices had different sets of principles and ideas of the body, health and disease. There were overlaps and borrowing of ideas, medicinal compounds used and
1918:
herb as a treatment for an illness they referred to as dropsy or edema, which is fluid buildup typically in the lower legs, and its common cause is heart failure. In modern medicine, foxglove extract is still used under the name digitalis, and its purpose is to moderate the heart rate. Native
1901:
plants involved in traditional medicine for Native
Americans and some are still used today. When it comes to Native American traditional medicine, the ideas surrounding health and illness within the culture are virtually inseparable from the ideas of religion and spirituality. Healers within
1771:
Traditional medicine may sometimes be considered as distinct from folk medicine, and considered to include formalized aspects of folk medicine. Under this definition folk medicine are longstanding remedies and practises passed on and practiced by lay people. Folk medicine consists of the
1725:
traditional herbal medicine introduced cures for malaria, dysentery, scurvy, non-venereal syphilis, and goiter problems. Many of these herbal and folk remedies continued on through the 19th and into the 20th century, with some plant medicines forming the basis for modern pharmacology.
1300:
used by traditional medicine systems. Its "Traditional
Medicine Strategy 2014â2023" said that the WHO would "support Member States in developing proactive policies and implementing action plans that will strengthen the role traditional medicine plays in keeping populations healthy."
5576:
1923:
hospital that allows Navajo healers to visit patients found that the hospital had an 80 percent success rate in getting comatose patients back to consciousness, which is higher than the rate of present-day biomedical management hospitals. The plant family
1754:
through a community, family and individuals until "collected". Within a given culture, elements of indigenous medicine knowledge may be diffusely known by many, or may be gathered and applied by those in a specific role of healer such as a
2066:, mainly as some traditional medicines still use animal-based substances). It is often assumed that because supposed medicines are natural that they are safe, but numerous precautions are associated with using herbal remedies.
1919:
Americans were successful with some medical practices, such as treating fevers, gastrointestinal conditions, skin rashes, setting bones, as well as birthing babies, and aiding mothers in healing. A study conducted within an
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5412:
1913:
for snakebites. This was inferred from the milky appearance of the juice from the plant which is said to resemble snake venom, and the plant's shape resembled the head of a snake. Native
Americans used
5755:
1807:
Many countries have practices described as folk medicine which may coexist with formalized, science-based, and institutionalized systems of medical practice represented by conventional
5402:
1154:
2959:
Acharya, Deepak and
Shrivastava Anshu (2008): Indigenous Herbal Medicines: Tribal Formulations and Traditional Herbal Practices, Aavishkar Publishers Distributor, Jaipur- India.
2445:
GarcĂa SĂĄnchez, E; Carabaza Bravo, JM; HernĂĄndez
Bermejo, JE; RamĂrez, AJ (1990). "Ărboles y arbustos en los textos agrĂcolas andalusĂes (I)". In e Morales Ruiz Matas CA (ed.).
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5512:
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Swerdlow JL. Medicine
Changes: late 19th to early 20th century. Nature's Medicine: Plants that Heal. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society; 2000. pp. 158â91.
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Rosalyn Fraad
Baxandall, Linda Gordon, Susan Reverb, America's Working Women: A Documentary History, 1600 to the Present, W. W. Norton & Company, 1995, p. 50
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preservation known to some in a culture, transmitted informally as general knowledge, and practiced or applied by anyone in the culture having prior experience.
1648:
ethnomedicinal information into the
European concepts of disease such as "warm", "cold", and "moist", but it is not clear that the Aztecs used these categories.
5748:
2476:
3327:
2572:
Bloom
Bernard S., Retbi Aurelia, Dahan Sandrine, Jonsson Egon (2000). "Evaluation Of Randomized Controlled Trials On Complementary And Alternative Medicine".
1907:
plant shape, smell, color, and taste could aid in determining how the plant could be used as a remedy. The Meskwaki tribe found they could use the juice from
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1979:
that treat or cure the disease or ailment in question, as they are typically passed along by laypersons (which has been facilitated in recent years by the
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1868:
is made from plant materials, such as bark, leaves and seeds, although animal products may be used as well. A major component of traditional medicine is
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2099:
have also been used in traditional medicine, and although their effectiveness has not been proven, it is hurting shark populations and their ecosystem.
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are threatened by poaching for their meat and scales, which are used in traditional medicine. They are the most trafficked mammals in the world.
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that had been used in folk medicine. Researchers state that many of the alternative treatments are "statistically indistinguishable from
1734:
The prevalence of folk medicine in certain areas of the world varies according to cultural norms. Some modern medicine is based on plant
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1505:
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The WHO notes, however, that "inappropriate use of traditional medicines or practices can have negative or dangerous effects" and that "
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125:
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854:
721:
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Eldredge Jonathan D (2003). "The Randomised Controlled Trial design: unrecognized opportunities for health sciences librarianship".
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of Spain in 1552. It was apparently written in haste and influenced by the European occupation of the previous 30 years. Fray
5606:
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5116:
4798:
4232:
3946:
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3702:
1519:
1473:. These early Greek and Roman compilations became the backbone of European medical theory and were translated by the Persian
1008:
876:
866:
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1610:
Women's folk knowledge existed in undocumented parallel with these texts. Forty-four drugs, diluents, flavouring agents and
2649:
1530:
significantly expanded on the earlier knowledge of materia medica. The most famous Persian medical treatise was Avicenna's
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2837:
Gilani, A.H., (2005) Role of Medicinal Plants in Modern Medicine. Malaysian Journal of Science, 24 (1). pp. 1-5."
2212:
2062:
Although 130 countries have regulations on folk medicines, there are risks associated with the use of them (i.e.
1615:
1329:
1195:
807:
421:
367:
5833:
5803:
3457:"A comprehensive evidence-based review on the role of topicals and dressings in the management of skin scarring"
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4623:
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2981:
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1319:
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253:
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1686:
3054:
2745:"Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Librito de las yerbas medicinales de los indios) o CĂłdice Badiano"
5641:
5486:
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore
5427:
4603:
4577:
3567:"National Policy on Traditional Medicine and Regulation of Herbal Medicines - Report of a WHO Global Survey"
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medical traditions. Spanish medicine was influenced by the Arabs from 711 to 1492. Islamic physicians and
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2110:. Demand for ivory is a huge factor in the poaching of endangered species such as rhinos and elephants.
1920:
1592:
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728:
658:
498:
298:
163:
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to treat sore throat. In earlier times, mothers were entrusted with all but serious remedies. Historic
1897:
medicine are traditional forms of healing that have been around for thousands of years. There are many
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In 17th and 18th-century America, traditional folk healers, frequently women, used herbal remedies,
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213:
143:
4932:
3442:
2714:
Heinrich, M; Pieroni, A; Bremner, P (2005). "Plants as medicines". In Prance G; Nesbitt M (eds.).
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1705:. It was translated into German in 1609 and Italian editions were published for the next century.
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5032:
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4525:
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4237:
4215:
3982:
3529:"Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: Environmental impact and health hazards"
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2003:
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2160:
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Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)
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Arabic indigenous medicine developed from the conflict between the magic-based medicine of the
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26:
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has been commonly selected for orthopedic aids and pulmonary aids, specifically the species
1836:
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1443:
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906:
668:
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315:
2500:
Diane Boulanger (2002), "The Islamic Contribution to Science, Mathematics and Technology",
1552:
in the 12th century and remained a medical authority in Europe until the 17th century. The
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228:
2770:
Madsen, Deborah L. The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature, Routledge, 2015
2474:
Fahd, Toufic (1996). "Botany and agriculture". In Rashed, Roshdi; Morelon, RĂ©gis (eds.).
2334:
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mentioned by Dioscorides are still listed in the official pharmacopoeias of Europe. The
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5218:
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4535:
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4284:
3961:
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3570:
3481:
3456:
3248:"Sites of knowledge situating select indigenous knowledge systems and modern education"
3146:
Alternative healing in American history : an encyclopedia from acupuncture to yoga
2933:
2418:
2130:
2049:(long-cooked rice soups with herbs), foods, and soups are part of treatment practices.
1992:
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871:
861:
673:
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389:
332:
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1385:. Early recognised Greek compilers of existing and current herbal knowledge include
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4242:
4227:
4173:
4081:
3879:
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2018:
1999:
1903:
1690:
1668:
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from c. 1552 BC records a list of folk remedies and magical medical practices. The
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288:
233:
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73:
31:
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Indigenous Herbal Medicines: Tribal Formulations and Traditional Herbal Practices
2822:
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2790:
2078:
Sometimes traditional medicines include parts of endangered species, such as the
5196:
4715:
4660:
4557:
4412:
4387:
4205:
4086:
4054:
3399:
Mapping the History of Ayurveda: Culture, Hegemony and the Rhetoric of Diversity
2420:
Plural medical systems in the Horn of Africa: the legacy of "Sheikh" Hippocrates
2135:
2103:
2045:
were originally sold as medicinal remedies. In Chinese folk medicine, medicinal
2022:
1988:
1938:. A study conducted amongst 14 different tribes within North America found that
1898:
1702:
1600:
1523:
1442:, adding much new material; the work was translated into several languages, and
1428:
1402:
1390:
1373:
1368:
1324:
In the written record, the study of herbs dates back 5,000 years to the ancient
1282:
1213:
countries, up to 80% of the population relies on traditional medicine for their
1183:
1003:
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633:
558:
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273:
243:
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188:
153:
100:
45:
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4427:
4377:
4362:
4357:
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4335:
4325:
4034:
3606:
3585:
3472:
3164:
2585:
2255:
2087:
2079:
1926:
1777:
1482:
1101:
598:
583:
573:
461:
208:
158:
35:
3679:
3108:
5772:
5302:
5272:
5213:
4876:
4618:
4613:
4477:
4455:
4330:
4294:
4096:
4044:
3838:
3833:
3528:
2719:
2689:
2113:
2034:
2030:
2014:
2006:
1984:
1872:, which is the use of natural plant substances to treat or prevent illness.
1865:
1796:
1760:
1756:
1611:
1563:
Translations of the early Roman-Greek compilations were made into German by
1394:
1274:
1023:
983:
958:
663:
623:
488:
3552:
3490:
3144:
2593:
2558:
1270:
3697:
3213:
3196:
2867:
2697:
5686:
5262:
4382:
4159:
4076:
3874:
3773:
3197:"An ethnobotanical meta-analysis of North American medicinal Asteraceae1"
2125:
2063:
2026:
1980:
1915:
1832:
1808:
1515:
1474:
1371:
but dating back to a much earlier date, which was later augmented as the
1356:
1348:
1238:
1191:
936:
844:
683:
137:
3259:
2390:"Fossils in pharmacy: from "snake eggs" to "Saint's bones"; an overview"
1607:. Each new work was a compilation of existing texts with new additions.
5235:
4861:
4321:
4289:
4182:
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4024:
3708:
3223:
1975:, vegetables, or other common items. Home remedies may or may not have
1968:
1773:
1739:
1660:
1511:
1352:
1341:
1028:
946:
911:
901:
643:
3584:
Starr, C.; Nekaris, K. A. I.; Streicher, U.; Leung, L. K. -P. (2011).
2279:
History of Medicine: Sushruta â the Clinician â Teacher par Excellence
3916:
3768:
3307:
K P, Girija (2016). "Refiguring of Ayurveda as Classical Tradition".
3247:
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2836:
2046:
1781:
1633:
1489:
1478:
1210:
1116:
941:
896:
563:
69:
65:
53:
3516:
Africa's growing risk of diseases that spread from animals to people
1942:
was the most widely used plant family for its medicinal properties.
1266:
41:
2017:
to help with setting broken bones; duct tape or superglue to treat
5768:
3911:
3889:
3089:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
2093:
2073:
1972:
1791:
1664:
1645:
1553:
1467:
1406:
1325:
1246:
993:
968:
849:
399:
61:
40:
5122:
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
1701:
in 1585 describing medicinal plants from Europe and the East and
1273:. Scientific disciplines that study traditional medicine include
3906:
3763:
2911:"ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE: NIGERIA The role of traditional medicine"
2447:
Ciencias de la naturaleza en Al-Andalus : textos y estudios
1998:
One of the more popular examples of a home remedy is the use of
1454:
names were added to it over the centuries. Latin manuscripts of
1262:
1206:
978:
832:
5737:
5413:
Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic
4961:
4132:
3712:
1328:, who described well-established medicinal uses for plants. In
3354:"Ottamooli (single ingredient) cure for lifestyle diseases..."
2096:
2010:
1640:, many versions of which have been published including one by
2574:
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
1296:
to ascertain the efficacy and safety" of such practices and
5549:
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
4128:
2674:
Ortiz de Montellano, B (1975). "Empirical Aztec medicine".
2518:
Tschanz David W (2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine".
931:
3280:
Wujastyk, Dagmar; Smith, Frederick M. (9 September 2013).
3252:
Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET
2788:
Eugenia M. Fulcher, Robert M. Fulcher, Cathy Dubeansky,
1492:
have been used in traditional medicine since antiquity.
3590:
using local knowledge in Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia"
3569:. World Health Organization. April 2016. Archived from
3085:"Native American Traditional and Alternative Medicine"
2388:
van der Geer, Alexandra; Dermitzakis, Michael (2010).
2090:, are sometimes killed to make traditional medicines.
2037:
plant are used to treat skin disorders. Many European
60:
community and sell folk medicine alongside statues of
2978:"Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine"
1902:
indigenous communities go by many names ranging from
1656:
compiled European texts and added 35 Mexican plants.
1340:
also mentions herb use and cultivation in regards to
5112:
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
2326:
Healing with plants in the American and Mexican West
1693:
methods to compile his codices that then became the
1556:
system of traditional medicine is also based on the
1351:
were described by ancient Indian herbalists such as
5589:
5537:
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)
5526:
5501:
5458:
5350:
5343:
5184:
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3811:
3746:
3648:"Elephant ivory trade in China: Trends and drivers"
3622:"Traditional medicines continue to thrive globally"
3283:
Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms
2806:"The 'eclipse' of folk medicine in western society"
2033:, fevers, and female complaints. Components of the
1697:, published in 1793. Castore Durante published his
1632:spent the years 1571â1577 gathering information in
1221:. Practices known as traditional medicines include
3586:"Field surveys of the Vulnerable pygmy slow loris
3328:"Those availing kalari marma chikitsa on the rise"
3195:Kachura, Alexandra; Harris, Cory S. (2021-08-27).
2932:
2417:
1622:where it influenced American Indigenous medicine.
5565:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP)
2980:. World Health Organization. 2018. Archived from
3646:Gao, Yufang; Clark, Susan G. (1 December 2014).
1835:medicine, traditional Aboriginal bush medicine,
1514:and the Arabic translations of the Hellenic and
5471:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
5142:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
2709:
2707:
2451:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas
5162:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
3455:Sidgwick, G. P; McGeorge, D; Bayat, A (2015).
2793:', Soto Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014, p. 5
2234:"WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023"
1991:or because they are effective in inducing the
1436:drew on and corrected earlier authors for his
5749:
4973:
4144:
3724:
3004:"WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023"
2909:Maurice Mwu, Eric Gbodossou (December 2000).
2629:Heller, M.; Edelstein, P.; Mayer, M. (2001).
2477:Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science
1750:Indigenous medicine is generally transmitted
1695:Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España
1466:) and were incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon
1148:
8:
5147:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
5137:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
2868:Alternative Medicine: Think yourself better
2614:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1862:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
1654:Florilegio medicinal de todas las enfermedas
1567:whose herbal, published in 1546, was called
3443:Mrs. Beecher's Housekeeper and Healthkeeper
2358:
2356:
2354:
1811:. Examples of folk medicine traditions are
1182:that developed over generations within the
5781:
5756:
5742:
5734:
5347:
4980:
4966:
4958:
4433:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
4178:
4151:
4137:
4129:
3731:
3717:
3709:
3177:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2791:Pharmacology: Principles and Applications'
2106:can partially be traced back to buyers of
2013:. Other examples of home remedies include
1155:
1141:
224:Association for Research and Enlightenment
79:
5403:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
4774:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
3605:
3480:
3222:
3212:
2821:
2638:. World Health Organization. p. 31.
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2276:Girish Dwivedi, Shridhar Dwivedi (2007).
1638:Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus
1379:Treatise on the Nature of Medicinal Herbs
1217:needs. Traditional medicine is a form of
5870:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
5393:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples
2539:Health Information and Libraries Journal
2363:Raphael, Sandra; Blunt, Wilfrid (1994).
1971:or ailment that employs certain spices,
1674:Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis
1359:during the 1st millennium BC. The first
25:
5513:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
3055:"Select Your Library - Credo Reference"
3031:. Aboriginal Art Online. Archived from
2197:
1983:). Many are merely used as a result of
91:
5383:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
4040:Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
3789:Traditional healers of Southern Africa
3379:
3369:
3190:
3188:
3170:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3029:"Traditional Aboriginal Bush Medicine"
2607:
1605:Herball or General Historie of Plantes
5268:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples
5167:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
2203:
2201:
2186:List of forms of alternative medicine
2181:Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
1458:were combined with a Latin herbal by
7:
4912:
4673:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
3423:"Placebo Effect: A Cure in the Mind"
2424:. London: Kegan Paul International.
2029:are frequently full of remedies for
1659:MartĂn de la Cruz wrote a herbal in
1644:. Both Hernandez and Ximenez fitted
30:Traditional medicine in a market in
4922:
3993:Medieval medicine of Western Europe
3533:Complementary Therapies in Medicine
3461:Archives of Dermatological Research
3309:Pragmata: Journal of Human Sciences
2209:"Traditional Medicine: Definitions"
1746:Knowledge transmission and creation
1506:Medieval medicine of Western Europe
5543:Convention on Biological Diversity
4809:Medical Scientist Training Program
3859:Traditional Alaska Native medicine
1886:Traditional Alaska Native medicine
1477:(Ibn SÄ«nÄ, 980â1037), the Persian
14:
5571:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement)
3009:. World Health Organization. 2013
2939:. New York: Bergin & Garvey.
1963:(sometimes also referred to as a
1860:Generally, bush medicine used by
1583:(1517â1585), and from Dutch into
294:Chiropractic treatment techniques
5895:Concepts in alternative medicine
5847:
5832:
5817:
5802:
5787:
5710:
5709:
5423:Government of the Sakha Republic
5132:Indigenous Environmental Network
5013:Free, prior and informed consent
4941:
4931:
4921:
4911:
4902:
4901:
4113:
4112:
3802:
3696:
2086:Endangered animals, such as the
1347:Many herbs and minerals used in
1186:of various societies, including
1097:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
99:
5697:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
5559:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing
5243:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
4942:
4072:History of alternative medicine
3957:Traditional Vietnamese medicine
3927:Sri Lankan traditional medicine
3445:1874. Retrieved on 2007-11-05.
3143:Shally-Jensen, Michael (2019).
2810:Sociology of Health and Illness
2398:Hellenic Journal of Geosciences
2240:. December 2013. Archived from
1831:traditional medicine, Japanese
1571:. The book was translated into
1481:(RÄzi, 865â925) and the Jewish
1178:) comprises medical aspects of
133:Alternative veterinary medicine
5607:2009 Peruvian political crisis
5117:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
4799:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
4233:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
3947:Traditional Mongolian medicine
3824:Brazilian traditional medicine
3506:Bob Flaws and Honora Wolf 1985
3401:. Taylor & Francis Group.
2716:The Cultural history of plants
756:Water fluoridation controversy
712:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
5438:Council of Indigenous Peoples
4119:Category:Traditional medicine
3545:10.1016/s0965-2299(03)00055-4
3352:Correspondent (5 June 2016).
3149:. Santa Barbara, California.
2551:10.1046/j.1365-2532.20.s1.7.x
2238:The World Health Organization
1223:traditional European medicine
1127:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1112:Multiple chemical sensitivity
239:Biological terrain assessment
5622:Expulsion of the Chagossians
4779:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
4546:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
3952:Traditional Tibetan medicine
3937:Traditional Chinese medicine
3895:Iranian traditional medicine
3829:Chumash traditional medicine
3779:Traditional African medicine
3672:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.020
3286:. SUNY Press. pp. 1â8.
2935:Afro-Caribbean folk medicine
2931:Laguerre, Michel S. (1987).
2880:Acharya, D; Anshu S (2008).
2823:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340307
2632:Traditional medicine in Asia
2176:Traditional Chinese medicine
2171:Traditional African medicine
2108:traditional Chinese medicine
1817:Iranian traditional medicine
1813:traditional Chinese medicine
1591:, (1526â1609), published by
1387:Pythagoras and his followers
1255:traditional Iranian medicine
1235:traditional African medicine
1227:traditional Chinese medicine
5418:Government of Bashkortostan
5283:American Indian reservation
5152:Native American Rights Fund
3942:Traditional Korean medicine
3083:Johnston, Susan L. (2002).
2416:Slikkerveer, L. J. (1990).
2367:. London: Frances Lincoln.
2331:University of Arizona Press
2287:National Informatics Centre
2156:Native American ethnobotany
1967:) is a treatment to cure a
1882:Native American ethnobotany
1821:traditional Korean medicine
1464:Herbarium Apuleii Platonici
1231:traditional Korean medicine
1190:, before the era of modern
788:Alternative medical systems
417:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
183:Fringe medicine and science
5916:
5373:Fundação Nacional do Ăndio
3784:Traditional Hausa medicine
3101:10.1177/000271620258300113
2870:", 21 May 2011, pp. 83â84.
2480:. Routledge. p. 815.
1879:
1853:
1825:Arabic indigenous medicine
1776:modalities, ideas of body
1767:Definition and terminology
1679:Codex Barberini, Latin 241
1663:which was translated into
1618:took Gerard's work to the
1502:Medicine in medieval Islam
1499:
1316:Medicine in ancient Greece
1313:
1294:further research is needed
798:Biologically based therapy
358:Dental amalgam controversy
18:
5866:
5779:
5705:
5107:Assembly of First Nations
4897:
4110:
3932:Traditional Thai medicine
3800:
3754:Ancient Egyptian medicine
3607:10.1017/S0030605310001316
3473:10.1007/s00403-015-1572-0
3059:search.credoreference.com
2586:10.1017/s0266462300016123
2213:World Health Organization
2070:Use of endangered species
1330:Ancient Egyptian medicine
1259:medieval Islamic medicine
1196:World Health Organization
422:Facilitated communication
5597:ChechenâRussian conflict
5448:Bureau of Indian Affairs
4733:Transplantation medicine
4624:Clinical neurophysiology
4541:Obstetric anesthesiology
4461:Interventional radiology
4221:Digestive system surgery
3988:Medicine in ancient Rome
3440:Catherine Esther Beecher
2888:: Aavishkar Publishers.
1876:Native American medicine
1850:Australian bush medicine
1320:Medicine in ancient Rome
1251:ancient Iranian medicine
1087:Candida hypersensitivity
269:Fake COVID-19 treatments
83:This article is part of
19:Not to be confused with
16:Formalized folk medicine
5642:Little Danes experiment
5428:Government of Tatarstan
5095:political organizations
4604:Intensive care medicine
4578:Mass gathering medicine
4423:Maternalâfetal medicine
3652:Biological Conservation
2743:Lozoya, Xavier (2016).
2690:10.1126/science.1090996
2009:such as a cold or mild
1412:Roman sources included
1200:Evidence based medicine
761:COVID-19 misinformation
689:Young blood transfusion
569:Orthomolecular medicine
534:Mindâbody interventions
204:Anthroposophic medicine
144:Rise of modern medicine
5627:High Arctic relocation
5529:Declarations of Rights
5226:Cultural appropriation
5157:Survival International
4196:Cardiothoracic surgery
3978:Ancient Greek medicine
3885:Georgian folk medicine
3429:. FebruaryâMarch 2009.
2365:The Illustrated herbal
2083:
2002:as an aid in treating
1844:Georgian folk medicine
1804:
1471:Cotton Vitellius C.III
1367:, compiled during the
793:Mindâbody intervention
744:MMR vaccine and autism
734:Vaccine misinformation
629:Rapid prompting method
77:
38:
5632:Human rights in Tibet
5359:Aotearoa-New Zealand
5253:Fortress conservation
5055:Traditional knowledge
5018:Intellectual property
4847:Personalized medicine
4706:Reproductive medicine
4631:Occupational medicine
4585:Evolutionary medicine
3504:Prince Wen Hui's Cook
3397:Girija, K.P. (2021).
3214:10.1139/cjb-2021-0079
2077:
1880:Further information:
1795:
1687:Bernardino de SahagĂșn
1550:translated into Latin
1536:, which was an early
1533:The Canon of Medicine
1500:Further information:
1314:Further information:
1180:traditional knowledge
1122:Vertebral subluxation
1071:Alternative diagnoses
659:Thought Field Therapy
299:Vertebral subluxation
44:
29:
5900:Medical anthropology
5890:Traditional medicine
5656:Residential schools
5602:Sri Lankan Civil War
5344:Legal representation
5313:Urban Indian reserve
5202:Internal colonialism
5093:Non-governmental and
5048:in the United States
4867:Traditional medicine
4827:Alternative medicine
4694:Addiction psychiatry
4508:Transfusion medicine
4503:Medical microbiology
4418:Gynecologic oncology
4270:Reproductive surgery
4092:Prehistoric medicine
4030:Alternative medicine
3740:Traditional medicine
3705:at Wikimedia Commons
3703:traditional medicine
3246:K P, Girija (2016).
2749:ArqueologĂa Mexicana
2722:. pp. 205â238.
2244:on January 13, 2014.
1977:medicinal properties
1434:Pedanius Dioscorides
1287:medical anthropology
1219:alternative medicine
1168:Traditional medicine
1092:Chronic Lyme disease
821:Traditional medicine
803:Manipulative methods
604:Postural Integration
467:Bach flower remedies
343:Craniosacral therapy
171:Therapeutic nihilism
116:Alternative medicine
93:Alternative medicine
48:such as this one in
21:alternative medicine
5207:Settler colonialism
4889:History of medicine
4872:Veterinary medicine
4679:Preventive medicine
4531:Adolescent medicine
4373:Infectious diseases
3664:2014BCons.180...23G
3588:Nycticebus pygmaeus
3427:Scientific American
3326:TNN (22 Jul 2019).
2984:on October 14, 2017
2804:Bakx Keith (1991).
1650:Juan de Esteyneffer
1626:Francisco HernĂĄndez
1460:Apuleius Platonicus
1365:Shennong Bencaojing
1215:primary health care
1172:indigenous medicine
739:Vaccines and autism
729:Anti-vaccinationism
722:OPV AIDS hypothesis
524:Megavitamin therapy
437:Functional medicine
214:Applied kinesiology
110:General information
5765:Indigenous peoples
5692:Stolen Generations
5493:BBNJ ABS Committee
5248:Discovery doctrine
5192:Civilizing mission
5033:Self-determination
4837:Molecular oncology
4794:Doctor of Medicine
4784:Master of Medicine
4701:Radiation oncology
4573:Emergency medicine
4526:Addiction medicine
4493:Clinical chemistry
4488:Clinical pathology
4280:Transplant surgery
4238:Orthopedic surgery
4216:Colorectal surgery
3983:Byzantine medicine
3527:Still, J. (2003).
3382:has generic name (
3332:The Times of India
2084:
2082:in Southeast Asia.
1805:
1803:in Cuenca, Ecuador
1740:placebo treatments
1681:and given to King
1630:Philip II of Spain
1496:Medieval and later
1188:indigenous peoples
1107:Leaky gut syndrome
1082:Aerotoxic syndrome
1019:Prophetic medicine
717:HIV/AIDS denialism
544:Myofascial release
452:Holistic dentistry
432:Feldenkrais Method
412:Estrogen dominance
338:Conversion therapy
78:
76:, and other items.
39:
5877:
5876:
5861:
5860:
5731:
5730:
5716:Indigenous rights
5585:
5584:
5518:Indigenous Caucus
5459:Intergovernmental
5308:Russian republics
5278:Autonomous okrugs
5127:Cultural Survival
4955:
4954:
4789:Master of Surgery
4753:
4752:
4738:Tropical medicine
4684:Prison healthcare
4599:Hospital medicine
4563:Disaster medicine
4553:Aviation medicine
4368:Hospital medicine
4275:Surgical oncology
4260:Pediatric surgery
4254:
4201:Endocrine surgery
4126:
4125:
3759:Tabernanthe iboga
3701:Media related to
3156:978-1-4408-6033-1
2965:978-81-7910-252-7
2946:978-0-89789-113-4
2895:978-81-7910-252-7
2729:978-0-415-92746-8
2487:978-0-415-02063-3
2460:978-84-00-07727-3
2431:978-0-7103-0203-8
2374:978-0-7112-0914-5
2344:978-0-8165-1646-9
1642:Francisco Ximénez
1456:De Materia Medica
1439:De Materia Medica
1310:Classical history
1305:Usage and history
1165:
1164:
892:Chinese herbology
649:Scientific racism
614:Psychodermatology
519:Medical intuitive
499:Lightning Process
457:Hologram bracelet
405:Therapeutic touch
306:Christian Science
279:Cancer treatments
5907:
5851:
5836:
5821:
5806:
5791:
5782:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5735:
5713:
5712:
5647:Mapuche conflict
5617:Chiapas conflict
5612:Alta controversy
5590:Historical cases
5348:
5330:Rainbow Warriors
5320:Manifest destiny
5008:Ancestral domain
4982:
4975:
4968:
4959:
4945:
4944:
4935:
4925:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4905:
4904:
4609:Medical genetics
4594:General practice
4471:Nuclear medicine
4346:Gastroenterology
4302:Vascular surgery
4252:
4179:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4130:
4116:
4115:
3844:Mapuche medicine
3806:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3700:
3684:
3683:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3573:on May 24, 2009.
3563:
3557:
3556:
3524:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3484:
3452:
3446:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3168:
3140:
3121:
3120:
3080:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2974:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2938:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2877:
2871:
2859:
2853:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2801:
2795:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2684:(4185): 215â20.
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2655:on July 31, 2020
2654:
2648:. Archived from
2637:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2605:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2509:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2394:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2360:
2349:
2348:
2323:Kay, MA (1996).
2320:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2289:. Archived from
2284:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2256:"Ebers' Papyrus"
2252:
2246:
2245:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2205:
2151:Medicinal plants
2146:Jarrah (surgeon)
1846:, among others.
1709:Colonial America
1597:A Nievve Herball
1520:Muslim botanists
1298:medicinal plants
1157:
1150:
1143:
907:Gill plate trade
669:Vaginal steaming
316:Colloidal silver
284:Charcoal cleanse
103:
80:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5842:
5837:
5827:
5822:
5812:
5807:
5797:
5792:
5775:
5762:
5732:
5727:
5722:Minority rights
5701:
5687:San controversy
5581:
5555:Nagoya Protocol
5528:
5522:
5505:
5503:
5497:
5460:
5454:
5352:
5339:
5180:
5094:
5088:
4996:
4994:minority rights
4986:
4956:
4951:
4893:
4882:Chief physician
4815:
4760:
4749:
4743:Travel medicine
4728:Sports medicine
4711:Sexual medicine
4651:Palliative care
4646:Pain management
4590:Family medicine
4568:Diving medicine
4514:
4442:
4404:
4397:
4313:
4306:
4265:Plastic surgery
4211:General surgery
4191:Cardiac surgery
4172:
4170:
4162:
4157:
4127:
4122:
4106:
4065:herbs and fungi
4060:Herbal medicine
4013:
3997:
3966:
3922:Siddha medicine
3863:
3854:Navajo medicine
3807:
3798:
3794:YorĂčbĂĄ medicine
3742:
3737:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3631:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3438:
3434:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3378:
3368:
3361:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3169:
3157:
3142:
3141:
3124:
3082:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2860:
2856:
2835:
2831:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2635:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2606:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2362:
2361:
2352:
2345:
2322:
2321:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2282:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2161:Old wives' tale
2141:Herbal medicine
2122:
2072:
2060:
2058:Safety concerns
2055:
1957:
1948:
1891:American Native
1888:
1878:
1870:herbal medicine
1858:
1852:
1837:Native Hawaiian
1790:
1769:
1748:
1732:
1723:Native American
1711:
1636:and then wrote
1628:, physician to
1603:'s (1545â1612)
1599:. This became
1589:Carolus Clusius
1581:Rembert Dodoens
1565:Hieronymus Bock
1542:clinical trials
1540:and introduced
1508:
1498:
1419:Natural History
1414:Pliny the Elder
1322:
1312:
1307:
1243:Siddha medicine
1170:(also known as
1161:
1132:
1131:
1077:Adrenal fatigue
1072:
1064:
1063:
838:Southern Africa
823:
813:
812:
783:
781:Classifications
773:
772:
749:in chiropractic
707:
699:
698:
619:Quantum healing
609:Psychic surgery
484:Ionized jewelry
447:Herbal medicine
395:Esoteric energy
385:Energy medicine
353:Cupping therapy
348:Crystal healing
321:Colon cleansing
259:Bowen technique
229:Auriculotherapy
184:
176:
175:
111:
68:decorated with
56:, cater to the
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5913:
5911:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5882:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5858:
5845:
5843:
5830:
5828:
5815:
5813:
5800:
5798:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5738:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5637:Indian removal
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5532:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5502:Indigenous-led
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5480:
5478:Arctic Council
5475:
5474:
5473:
5467:African Union
5464:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5363:Te Puni KĆkiri
5356:
5354:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5325:Plastic shaman
5322:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5293:Indian reserve
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5265:
5260:
5258:Green grabbing
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5231:Sports mascots
5223:
5222:
5221:
5219:Bioprospecting
5211:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5082:in New Zealand
5079:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4988:International
4987:
4985:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4939:
4929:
4919:
4909:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4820:Related topics
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4769:Medical school
4765:
4763:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4723:Sleep medicine
4720:
4719:
4718:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4536:Anesthesiology
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4466:Neuroradiology
4463:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4403:Obstetrics and
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4318:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4287:
4285:Trauma surgery
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4248:Otolaryngology
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4176:
4174:subspecialties
4164:
4163:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4133:
4124:
4123:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3962:Unani medicine
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Aztec medicine
3815:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3692:
3691:External links
3689:
3686:
3685:
3638:
3613:
3600:(1): 135â142.
3576:
3558:
3539:(2): 118â122.
3519:
3508:
3496:
3467:(6): 461â477.
3447:
3432:
3414:
3407:
3389:
3344:
3318:
3299:
3292:
3272:
3238:
3207:(2): 207â217.
3184:
3155:
3122:
3095:(1): 195â213.
3070:
3046:
3035:on 25 May 2013
3020:
2995:
2969:
2952:
2945:
2923:
2901:
2894:
2872:
2854:
2842:2012-08-05 at
2829:
2796:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2735:
2728:
2703:
2666:
2644:
2621:
2564:
2529:
2510:
2506:STSE Education
2493:
2486:
2466:
2459:
2449:(in Spanish).
2437:
2430:
2408:
2380:
2373:
2350:
2343:
2306:
2268:
2247:
2225:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Bioprospecting
2128:
2121:
2118:
2071:
2068:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
1993:placebo effect
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1910:Arum maculatum
1877:
1874:
1854:Main article:
1851:
1848:
1789:
1786:
1768:
1765:
1747:
1744:
1736:phytochemicals
1731:
1728:
1710:
1707:
1699:Herbario Nuovo
1497:
1494:
1361:Chinese herbal
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
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1104:
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1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
927:Pressure point
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
852:
842:
841:
840:
835:
824:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
808:Energy therapy
805:
800:
795:
790:
784:
779:
778:
775:
774:
771:
770:
769:
768:
758:
753:
752:
751:
746:
741:
736:
726:
725:
724:
714:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
694:Zero balancing
691:
686:
681:
679:Vision therapy
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
594:Parapsychology
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
514:Manual therapy
511:
509:Magnet therapy
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
470:
469:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
408:
407:
402:
397:
392:
382:
377:
372:
371:
370:
363:Detoxification
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
329:
328:
318:
313:
308:
303:
302:
301:
296:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
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256:
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231:
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196:
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185:
182:
181:
178:
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174:
173:
168:
167:
166:
156:
151:
146:
141:
140:(health fraud)
135:
130:
129:
128:
123:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
96:
95:
89:
88:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5912:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5872:
5871:
5865:
5856:
5855:
5854:South America
5850:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5824:North America
5820:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5759:
5754:
5752:
5747:
5745:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5675:United States
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5504:international
5500:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Indian colony
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
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5244:
5241:
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5234:
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5227:
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5216:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5203:
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5199:
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5190:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5091:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5072:Treaty rights
5070:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4983:
4978:
4976:
4971:
4969:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4948:
4940:
4938:
4934:
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4910:
4908:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4852:Public health
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4832:Allied health
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4756:
4744:
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4739:
4736:
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4714:
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4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
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4699:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Oral medicine
4639:
4637:
4636:Ophthalmology
4634:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Cytopathology
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4438:Urogynecology
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
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4341:Endocrinology
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2863:The Economist
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2580:(1): 13â21 .
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2296:on 2008-10-10
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2166:Pharmacognosy
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2024:
2020:
2019:plantar warts
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
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1994:
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1986:
1982:
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1955:Home remedies
1954:
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1941:
1937:
1933:
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1911:
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1896:
1895:Alaska Native
1892:
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1871:
1867:
1863:
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1856:Bush medicine
1849:
1847:
1845:
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1840:LÄÊ»au lapaÊ»au
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1799:performing a
1798:
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1788:Folk medicine
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1620:United States
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1559:
1555:
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1539:
1538:pharmacopoeia
1535:
1534:
1529:
1528:Ibn al-Baitar
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
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1503:
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1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:) during the
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1363:book was the
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:Old Testament
1335:
1334:Ebers papyrus
1331:
1327:
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1302:
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1279:ethnomedicine
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1176:folk medicine
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967:
965:
964:Faith healing
962:
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957:
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884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:Bush medicine
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:Balneotherapy
860:
856:
853:
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848:
847:
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843:
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706:Controversies
703:
702:
695:
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682:
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674:Vegetotherapy
672:
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589:Ozone therapy
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512:
510:
507:
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504:Lymphotherapy
502:
500:
497:
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477:
475:
472:
468:
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455:
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450:
448:
445:
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442:Hair analysis
440:
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430:
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427:FasciaBlaster
425:
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390:Correactology
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339:
336:
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333:Colorpuncture
331:
327:
324:
323:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:Chromotherapy
309:
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199:Alkaline diet
197:
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172:
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157:
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150:
149:Pseudoscience
147:
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107:
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81:
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71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
50:Jamaica Plain
47:
43:
37:
33:
28:
22:
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5831:
5816:
5801:
5786:
5721:
5715:
5670:South Africa
5527:Treaties and
5399:Philippines
5351:Governmental
5173:
5102:Amazon Watch
5077:in Australia
5064:
5038:in Australia
4866:
4857:Rural health
4842:Nanomedicine
4393:Rheumatology
4324: /
4243:Hand surgery
4228:Neurosurgery
4117:
4082:Mithridatism
3880:Dhivehi beys
3739:
3655:
3651:
3641:
3630:. Retrieved
3625:
3616:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3579:
3571:the original
3561:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3511:
3503:
3499:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3435:
3426:
3417:
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3392:
3360:. Retrieved
3356:
3347:
3335:. Retrieved
3331:
3321:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3282:
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3260:10603/148255
3251:
3241:
3204:
3200:
3145:
3092:
3088:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:
3049:
3037:. Retrieved
3033:the original
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2982:the original
2972:
2955:
2934:
2926:
2917:
2904:
2881:
2875:
2861:
2857:
2832:
2813:
2809:
2799:
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2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2738:
2715:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2631:
2624:
2610:cite journal
2577:
2573:
2567:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2475:
2469:
2446:
2440:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2383:
2364:
2325:
2298:. Retrieved
2291:the original
2278:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2250:
2242:the original
2237:
2228:
2217:. Retrieved
2215:. 2008-12-01
2112:
2102:The illegal
2101:
2092:
2085:
2061:
2000:chicken soup
1997:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1946:Nattuvaidyam
1939:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1908:
1904:medicine man
1889:
1859:
1806:
1800:
1770:
1749:
1733:
1730:Modern usage
1712:
1698:
1694:
1691:ethnographic
1678:
1672:
1669:Juan Badiano
1658:
1653:
1637:
1624:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1576:
1569:Kreuter Buch
1568:
1562:
1557:
1545:
1531:
1509:
1487:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1399:Theophrastus
1383:Tang dynasty
1378:
1372:
1346:
1323:
1291:
1204:
1184:folk beliefs
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1044:Thai massage
1014:Naftalan oil
887:Blood stasis
820:
766:Turbo cancer
654:ThetaHealing
579:Osteomyology
479:Hypnotherapy
474:Hydrotherapy
380:Ear candling
375:Dry needling
326:Coffee enema
289:Chiropractic
254:Bone-setting
234:Bates method
219:Aromatherapy
74:lucky bamboo
32:Antananarivo
5682:Rubber boom
5665:New Zealand
5197:Colonialism
5023:Land rights
4927:Wikiproject
4716:Venereology
4661:Neonatology
4558:Dermatology
4413:Gynaecology
4405:gynaecology
4388:Pulmonology
4206:Eye surgery
4168:Specialties
4087:Naturopathy
4055:Health care
3626:www.cnn.com
3380:|last=
3224:1807/107638
2520:Heart Views
2502:OISE Papers
2333:. pp.
2261:28 December
2136:Folk healer
2104:ivory trade
2023:Kogel mogel
2004:respiratory
1965:granny cure
1961:home remedy
1899:ethnobotany
1703:West Indies
1601:John Gerard
1595:in 1578 as
1524:al-Dinawari
1429:De Medicina
1403:Dioscorides
1391:Hippocrates
1374:Yaoxing Lun
1369:Han dynasty
1283:ethnobotany
1004:Mien Shiang
922:Moxibustion
634:Reflexology
559:Oil pulling
554:Naturopathy
494:Jilly Juice
274:Camel urine
244:Black salve
194:Acupuncture
189:Acupressure
154:Antiscience
126:Terminology
5884:Categories
5652:Oka Crisis
5335:Two-spirit
5060:ecological
4990:Indigenous
4689:Psychiatry
4675:(PM&R)
4668:Phlebology
4656:Pediatrics
4483:Anatomical
4448:Diagnostic
4428:Obstetrics
4378:Nephrology
4363:Hematology
4358:Geriatrics
4351:Hepatology
4336:Cardiology
4326:Immunology
4035:Apothecary
3632:2016-04-25
3357:Onmanorama
3165:1086616314
3064:2015-04-17
2918:The Lancet
2545:: 34â44 .
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2329:. Tucson:
2300:2008-10-08
2219:2014-04-20
2192:References
2088:slow loris
2080:slow loris
2007:infections
1940:Asteraceae
1927:Asteraceae
1778:physiology
1612:emollients
1593:Henry Lyte
1483:Maimonides
1102:Heavy legs
1059:Vietnamese
1039:Sri Lankan
599:Phrenology
584:Osteopathy
574:Orthopathy
462:Homeopathy
368:Foot detox
264:Breathwork
209:Apitherapy
164:Scientific
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5773:continent
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5273:Bantustan
5214:Biopiracy
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4877:Physician
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4478:Pathology
4456:Radiology
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2015:duct tape
1985:tradition
1936:Artemisia
1866:Australia
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1577:Pemptades
1516:Ayurvedic
1395:Aristotle
1326:Sumerians
1275:herbalism
1024:Shamanism
1009:Mongolian
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877:Cambodian
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