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line of travel. This line traces the ball's path and extends past the ball along that trajectory. The line of the ball defines rules for players to approach the ball safely. The "line of the ball" changes each time the ball changes direction. The player who hits the ball generally has the right of way, and other players cannot cross the line of the ball in front of that player. As players approach the ball, they ride on either side of the line of the ball giving each access to the ball. A player can cross the line of the ball when it does not create a dangerous situation. Most infractions and penalties are related to players improperly crossing the line of the ball or the right of way. When a player has the line of the ball on their right, they have the right of way. A "ride-off" is when a player moves another player off the line of the ball by making shoulder-to-shoulder contact with the other players' horses.
1614:
line of travel. This line traces the ball's path and extends past the ball along that trajectory. The line of the ball defines rules for players to approach the ball safely. The "line of the ball" changes each time the ball changes direction. The player who hits the ball generally has the right of way, and other players cannot cross the line of the ball in front of that player. As players approach the ball, they ride on either side of the line of the ball giving each access to the ball. A player can cross the line of the ball when it does not create a dangerous situation. Most infractions and penalties are related to players improperly crossing the line of the ball or the right of way. When a player has the line of the ball on their right, they have the right of way. A "ride-off" is when a player moves another player off the line of the ball by making shoulder-to-shoulder contact with the other players' horses.
2053:" inches long. The mallet head weighs from 160 g (5.6 oz) to 240 g (8.5 oz), depending on player preference and the type of wood used, and the shaft can vary in weight and flexibility depending on the player's preference. The weight of the mallet head is of important consideration for the more seasoned players. Female players often use lighter mallets than male players. For some polo players, the length of the mallet depends on the size of the horse: the taller the horse, the longer the mallet. However, some players prefer to use a single length of mallet regardless of the height of the horse. Either way, playing horses of differing heights requires some adjustment by the rider. Variable lengths of the mallet typically range from 127 cm (50 in) to 134 cm (53 in). The term
2306:. Nations that competed in the tournament were Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines (2007), Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand (2017) and Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, and Malaysia (2019). The 2007 tournament's gold medal was won by the Malaysian team, followed by Singapore with silver and Thailand with bronze while the 2017 tournament's gold medal was won by Malaysia, followed by Thailand with silver and Brunei with bronze. The 2019 tournament's gold medal was won by Malaysia, followed by the Philippines with silver, and Brunei receiving bronze. The recent resurgence in south-east Asia has resulted in its popularity in cities such as
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which approximately 15% are women. Historically, Kurdish and
Persian Arabian horses were the most widely used for polo. This was probably also the case in ancient times. Today Thoroughbreds are being increasingly used alongside the Kurdish and Persian Arabian horses. Some players have also been experimenting with Anglo-Arabians. Iranians still refer to the game of polo by its original Persian name of "Chogan", which means mallet. Iranians still maintain some of the ancient rituals of the game in official polo matches.
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There is a four-minute interval between chukkas and a ten-minute halftime. Play is continuous and is only stopped for rule infractions (fouls), broken tack (equipment) or injury to horse or player. The object is to score goals by hitting the ball between the goal posts, no matter how high in the air. If the ball goes wide of the goal, the defending team is allowed a free "knock-in" from the place where the ball crossed the goal line, thus getting ball back into play.
1633:. In a ride-off, a player rides their pony alongside an opponent's mount to move an opponent away from the ball or to take them out of a play. It must be executed properly so that it does not endanger the horses or the players. The angle of contact must be safe and can not knock the horses off balance, or harm the horses in any way. Two players following the line of the ball and riding one another off have the right of way over a single man coming from any direction.
4357:"Will Lowe, Secretary of the Denison Polo Club, wrote James Gordon Bennett asking him if arrangements could be made for a match game between the Denison and New York Clubs. Mr. Lowe received a letter from Mr. Bennett Monday, in which he says he will lay the matter before the club at the next meeting. There is little doubt the New York club will invite our boys to play them. The Denison club will go into training at once, as they are confident the game will come off.
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The surface of a polo field requires careful and constant grounds maintenance to keep the surface in good playing condition. During half-time of a match, spectators are invited to go onto the field to participate in a polo tradition called "divot stamping", which was developed not only to help replace the mounds of earth (divots) that are torn up by the horses' hooves, but also to afford spectators the opportunity to walk about and socialise.
960:
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1644:, fouls are potentially dangerous plays that infringe on the rules of the game. To the novice spectator, fouls may be difficult to discern. There are degrees of dangerous and unfair play and penalty shots are awarded depending based on the severity of the foul and where the foul was committed on the polo field. White lines on the polo field indicate where the mid-field, sixty, forty, and thirty yard penalties are taken.
1680:, have active arena programmes. The major differences between the outdoor and indoor games are: speed (outdoor being faster), physicality/roughness (indoor/arena is more physical), ball size (indoor is larger), goal size (because the arena is smaller the goal is smaller), and some penalties. In the United States and Canada, collegiate polo is arena polo; in the United Kingdom, collegiate polo is both.
4355:"At Denison Monday evening while Messers Harold Gooch and Will Lowe were practicing at the game of polo, quite a serious accident happened to former. Mr. Gooch's saddle turned throwing him into the ground when his horse gave him a severe kick, cutting a gash about five inches long across his head over the right ear. Dr. Berry rendered the necessary medical attention, and Mr. Gooch is doing well.
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1596:, polo changed to become a high-speed sport in the United States, differing from the game in England, where it involved short passes to move the ball towards the opposition's goal. Whitney and his teammates used the fast break, sending long passes downfield to riders who had broken away from the pack at a full gallop. In 1909 a United States team defeated an English team with ease.
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1478:. Even with the global spread of the sport Argentina has remained the largest producer of the highest quality horses and players. The country's fertile farmland around Buenos Aires and its long standing tradition of polo has made Argentina the center of the polo world. Every major polo tournament in the world is filled with players and horses hailing from Argentina.
1068:(52 inches, 132 cm). There are no goal posts, and a player scores simply by hitting the ball out of either end of the field. Players strike the ball with the long side of the mallet head, not the end. Players are not permitted to carry the ball, although blocking the ball with any part of the body except the open hand is permitted. The sticks are made of
1887:
2314:. In Pattaya alone, there are three active polo clubs: Polo Escape, Siam Polo Park, and the Thai Polo and Equestrian Club. Indonesia has a polo club (Nusantara Polo Club). More recently, Janek Gazecki and Australian professional Jack "Ruki" Baillieu have organised polo matches in parks "around metropolitan Australia, backed by wealthy sponsors."
2043:(not bamboo, which is hollow) although a small number of mallets today are made from composite materials. Composite materials are usually not preferred by top players because the shaft of composite mallets cannot absorb vibrations as well as traditional cane mallets. The mallet head is generally made from a hardwood called tipa, approximately 9
2518:
Another modern variant is snow polo, which is played on compacted snow on flat ground or a frozen lake. The format of snow polo varies depending on the space available. Each team generally consists of three players and a bright coloured light plastic ball is preferred. Snow polo is not the same sport
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Polo is played professionally in many countries, notably
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Iran, India, New Zealand, Mexico, Pakistan, Jamaica, Spain, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and is now an active sport in 77
2227:
or nine
American football fields 10 acres (4.0 hectares), while arena polo is 315 by 151 feet (96 by 46 m). The playing field is carefully maintained with closely mowed turf providing a safe, fast playing surface. Goals are posts which are set eight yards apart, centred at each end of the field.
1854:
Polo pony training generally begins at age 3 and lasts from about 6 months to 2 years. Most horses reach full physical maturity at about age 5, and ponies are at their peak of athleticism and training at around age 6 or 7. However, without any accidents, polo ponies may have the ability to play until
1617:
The defending player has a variety of opportunities for their team to gain possession of the ball. They can push the opponent off the line or steal the ball from the opponent. Another common defensive play is called "hooking." While a player is taking a swing at the ball, their opponent can block the
1858:
Each player must have more than one horse, to allow for tired mounts to be replaced by fresh ones between or even during chukkas. A player's "string" of polo ponies may number two or three in Low Goal matches (with ponies being rested for at least a chukka before reuse), four or more for Medium Goal
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The rules of polo are written to include the safety of both players and horses. Games are monitored by umpires. A whistle is blown when an infraction occurs, and penalties are awarded. Strategic plays in polo are based on the "line of the ball", an imaginary line that extends through the ball in the
1613:
The rules of polo are written to include the safety of both players and horses. Games are monitored by umpires. A whistle is blown when an infraction occurs, and penalties are awarded. Strategic plays in polo are based on the "line of the ball", an imaginary line that extends through the ball in the
3383:
A part of the identity and culture of the people of Iran has been preserved in the framework of native and local games. In Iran land, many local and diverse sports are performed in various ceremonies. Among these games that have gained a national aspect in
Iranian culture is the game of polo, which
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It must be not less than 12.5 inches (32 cm) or more than 15 inches (38 cm) in circumference. The weight must be not less than 170 grams (6.0 oz) or more than 182 grams (6.4 oz). In a bounce test from 9 feet (2.7 m) on concrete at 70 °F (21 °C), the rebound should
2337:
Polo in Iran is governed by the Polo
Federation of Iran. There are five polo clubs in Iran: Ghasr-e Firoozeh, Nowroozabad, Army Ground Forces, Kanoon-e Chogan and Nesf-e Jahan. Iran possesses some of the best grass polo fields in the region. The country currently has over 100 registered players of
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has rules similar to the field version, and is less strenuous for the player. It is played in a 300 by 150 feet (91 by 46 m) enclosed arena, much like those used for other equestrian sports; the minimum size is 150 by 75 feet (46 by 23 m). There are many arena clubs in the United States,
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This version of polo played in the 19th century was different from the faster form that was played in
Manipur. The game was slow and methodical, with little passing between players and few set plays that required specific movements by participants without the ball. Neither players nor horses were
1687:
The U.S. Arena Polo
Championship, a 12-18 goal tournament, is one of the highest levels of fast version of polo competition currently played in the United States. Its history dates back to 1926, where the first tournament was held and won by the Yale University team of Reddington Barret, Winston
1663:
Outdoor or field polo lasts about one and a half to two hours and consists of four to eight seven-minute chukkas, between or during which players change mounts. At the end of each seven-minute chukka, play continues for an additional 30 seconds or until a stoppage in play, whichever comes first.
2715:, the toy, instead of polo ponies. While following standard polo rules in part, it has some more unusual rules: Goals, for example, are the height and width of bar stools; and any departure from accepted gameplay standards will attract "penalty sherries" to be consumed by the offending player.
1843:, and weigh 900 to 1,100 pounds (410 to 500 kg). The polo pony is selected carefully for quick bursts of speed, stamina, agility and manoeuvrability. Temperament is critical; the horse must remain responsive under pressure and not become excited or difficult to control. Many are
2137:. In both cases, the gag or shank rein will be the bottom rein in the rider's hands, while the snaffle rein will be the top rein. If a gag bit is used, there will be a drop noseband in addition to the cavesson, supporting the tie-down. One of the rein sets may alternately be
2404:. Since then the sport has continued to grow with a further seven clubs opening around the country. The sport has also been made more accessible by these clubs by the creation of more affordable training programmes, such as the beginner to pro programme at Polo Wicklow.
690:
Baghdad had a large polo ground outside its walls, and one of the city's early 13th century gates, the Bab al Halba, was named after these nearby polo grounds. The game continued to be supported by Mongol rulers of Persia in the 13th century, as well as under the
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swing by using their mallet to hook the mallet of the player swinging at the ball. A player may hook only if they are on the side where the swing is being made or directly behind an opponent. A player may not purposely touch another player, another player's
1851:, and to respond to the rider's leg and weight cues for moving forward, turning and stopping. A well trained horse will carry its rider smoothly and swiftly to the ball and can account for 60 to 75 percent of the player's skill and net worth to their team.
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had a polo club which was before James Gordon
Bennett established his Westchester Club or attempted to play the "first" game. The Denison team sent a letter to James Gordon Bennett challenging him to a match. The challenge was published 2 June 1876, in
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started practising polo during their free time, and eventually some of them began to put together games. Among them, David
Shennan is credited with having organised the first formal polo game of the country in 1875, at Estancia El Negrete, located in
1589:, at retired British officer Captain Glynn Turquand's famous Balcones Ranch. The Boerne, Texas, legend also has plenty of evidence pointing to the fact that polo was played in Boerne before James Gordon Bennett Jr. ever picked up a polo mallet.
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It can be safely assumed that polo began as a simple folk game played by the nomadic tribes in central Asia (before turks) . Westward and eastward expansion followed, to
Byzantium and China, most likely along the trail of the Silk
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from below the knee to the fetlock to minimize pain. Jumping (open front) or gallop boots are sometimes used along with the polo wraps for added protection. Often, these wraps match the team colours. The pony's mane is most often
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1920:
Mandatory equipment includes a protective helmet with chinstrap worn at all times by all players and mounted grooms. They have a rigid exterior and interior protective padding and must be to a locally accepted safety standard,
403:), dating back over 2,000 years. Initially played by Persian nobility as a training exercise for cavalry units, polo eventually spread to other parts of the world. The game is played by two opposing teams with the objective of
495:, and often indoors. Arena polo has more maneuvering due to space limitations, and uses an air-inflated ball slightly larger than the hard solid ball used in field polo. Standard mallets are used, though slightly larger-head
1695:
The Arena Polo European Championship. The first tournament of this championship was held in 2015. Alongside the Equestrian Federation of Azerbaijan Republic (ARAF) the tournament was organized by the team of World
2317:
A Chinese Equestrian Association has been formed with two new clubs in China itself: the Beijing Sunny Time Polo Club, founded by Xia Yang in 2004 and the Nine Dragons Hill Polo Club in Shanghai, founded in 2005.
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The Arena Polo Grand Prix held in Argentina, promoted by La Carona Polo Club along with the Argentine Polo Association, was organized for the first time in June 2019, and was the start for the Arena Polo in
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807:
were known to play it and encourage it in their courts. Saladin was known for being a skilled polo player, which contributed to his cavalry training. Polo sticks were featured as one of the suits on the
1622:, or a pony with their mallet. Unsafe hooking is a foul that will result in a penalty shot being awarded. For example, it is a foul for a player to reach over an opponent's mount in an attempt to hook.
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2400:
Polo first began its Irish history in 1870 with the first official game played on Gormanstown Strand, Co. Meath. Three years later the All Ireland Polo Club was founded by Mr. Horace Rochford in the
2287:
Polo has been played in Malaysia and Singapore, both of which are former British colonies, since being introduced to Malaya during the late 19th century. Royal Johor Polo Club was formed in 1884 and
1721:
4251:
1599:
In the late 1950s, champion polo player and Director of the Long Island Polo Association, Walter Scanlon, introduced the "short form", or "European" style, four period match, to the game of polo.
948:, referring to the wooden ball, and it was these terms, anglicised, which were adopted for the sport's name in its slow spread to the west. A European polo club was established in the town of
1219:. Military officers imported the game to Britain in the 1860s. The establishment of polo clubs throughout England and western Europe followed after the formal codification of rules. The 10th
911:, the popularity of polo in Tang China was "bolstered, no doubt, by the presence of the Sasanian court in exile". A "polo-obsessed" noblewoman was buried with her donkeys on 6 October 878 in
4087:
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was formed in 1886. The oldest polo club in the modern country of Malaysia is Selangor Polo Club, founded in 1902. It was largely played by royalty and the political and business elite.
2436:. There are more than twenty-one polo clubs in Pakistan and over forty polo championships held all over the country every year. Pakistan has qualified for the preliminary rounds of the
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5491:
1875:
Polo is played by two teams of four mounted players. Teams can be all-male, all-female, or mixed. Each player on the team has a specific number and has a specific role on the team.
1647:
The official set of rules and rules interpretations are reviewed and published annually by each country's polo association. Most of the smaller associations follow the rules of the
1578:. By the time the article came out on 2 June, the Denison Club had already received a letter from Bennett indicating the challenge was offered before the "first" games in New York.
2097:. Some players will not use a saddle blanket. The saddle has a flat seat and no knee support; the rider adopting a forward-leaning seat and closed knees dissimilar to a classical
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2027:
be a minimum of 54 inches (140 cm) and a maximum of 64 inches (160 cm) at the inflation rate specified by the manufacturer. This provides for a hard and lively ball.
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irons are heavier than most, and the stirrup leathers are wider and thicker, for added safety when the player stands in the stirrups. The legs of the pony are wrapped with
1211:, was established by two British soldiers, Sherer and Captain Robert Stewart. Later they spread the game to their peers in England. Polo was first played in England by the
3396:
1932:
Polo boots and knee guards are mandatory in the UK during official play, and boots are recommended for all play everywhere. The UK also recommends goggles, elbow pads and
2039:
consists of a cane shaft with a rubber-wrapped grip, a webbed thong, called a sling, for wrapping around the thumb, and a wooden cigar-shaped head. The shaft is made of
4629:
2500:
These variants are considered sports separate from standard polo because of the differences in the composition of teams, equipment, rules, game facilities, and so on.
5313:
2464:, dating from 1875, which amalgamated with the County Polo Association in 1949. The UK Armed Forces Polo Association oversees the sport in the three armed services.
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was a motorsport invented in the United States in the early 1900s. Its rules and equipment were similar to polo but automobiles were used instead of horses.
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was founded in 2002 to organise matches and promote the game. Since then, the variant has gained further interest in other German cities. It is played on
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The game spread across the country, and Argentina is often credited as the capital of polo; Argentina is also noted for having the largest contingent of
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2109:
must be used: so, a breastplate is a necessity for safety. The tie-down is usually supported by a neck strap. Many saddles also have an overgirth. The
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1560:
the "first" outdoor game was played on 13 May 1876. This contradicts the historical record of the club being established before the Jerome Park game.
2477:
2346:
The world's oldest polo club is the Calcutta Polo Club in Kolkata, founded in the 19th century. It hosts the Ezra Cup, the oldest polo tournament.
1799:
All tournaments and levels of play and players are organized within and between polo clubs, including membership, rules, safety, fields and arenas.
4369:
4083:
2569:
is a game played on horseback where a ball is handled and points are scored by shooting it through a high net. The sport is a combination of polo,
2267:
Polo is unique among team sports in that amateur players, often the team patrons, routinely hire and play alongside the sport's top professionals.
5811:
5484:"Steckenpferdpolo: Trendsportart in Düsseldorf im Rheinpark – Trendsportart Steckenpferdpolo: Ich glaub', mein Gaul holzt, Spiegel September 2014"
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format of cricket. The pitch was made smaller and accommodated a large audience. The first event of the World Champions Polo League took place in
614:
1188:. Lieutenant (later Major General) Joseph Ford Sherer, the father of modern polo, visited the state and played on this polo ground in the 1850s.
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In Manipur, the game was played even by commoners who owned a pony. The kings of Manipur had a royal polo ground within the ramparts of their
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In all probability polo developed from rough equestrian games played by the mounted nomadic peoples of Central Asia, both Iranian and Turkic.
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1404:, Alfredo Harriot and Horacio Heguy); La Espadaña, 1989–1990 (Carlos Gracida, Gonzalo Pieres, Alfonso Pieres y Ernesto Trotz Jr.); Indios
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in 1869. The British are credited with spreading polo worldwide in the late 19th century and the early 20th century at the height of its
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White polo pants or trousers are worn during official play. Polo gloves are commonly worn to protect from working the reins and mallet.
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1017:, the polo-playing god of sports. These may indicate an origin earlier than the historical records of Manipur. Later, according to
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The rules for equipment vary in details between the hosting authorities, but are always for the safety of the players and mounts.
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1936:. A shirt or jersey is required that distinguishes the player's team, and is not black and white stripes like an umpire shirt.
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visited the state in 1901 and measured the polo ground as "225 yards long and 110 yards wide" (206 m × 101 m).
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1362:, G. Brooke Naylor and A. Peña achieved the first gold medal in the nation's Olympic history. The title was defended at the
5564:
Fouls of any kind will be punished with a penalty sherry ... If you don't like to drink alcohol, you will face a delicious
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1262:, Gujarat, with six teams and room for 10,000 spectators. The rules were changed and the duration of matches made shorter.
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2476:(USPA) is the governing body for polo in the U.S. The U.S. is the only country that has separate women's polo, run by the
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1958:, hard rubber, and for many years willow root. Originally the British used a white painted leather covered cricket ball.
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Polo is not played exclusively on horseback. Such polo variants are mostly played for recreational or tourism purposes.
1818:
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608:), becoming a national sport played extensively by the nobility. Women played as well as men. During the period of the
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888:, was accidentally killed during a game of polo when his horse fell and he was impaled on the pommel of his saddle.
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2022 USPA Rulebook: Organizational documents, rules, tournament conditions and policies of the U.S. Polo Association
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on 16 May 1876 organised what was billed as the first polo match in the United States at Dickel's Riding Academy at
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Polo is not widely spread in West Asia, but still counts five active clubs in Iran, four active polo clubs in the
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In Manipur, polo is traditionally played with seven players to a side. The players are mounted on the indigenous
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83:
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419:. Each team has four mounted riders, and the game usually lasts one to two hours, divided into periods called
5252:
The level of polo I have already played far exceeds any dreams I had when I started out' [Interview]"
4526:"Polo Players. Each team consists of four mounted players, which can be mixed teams of both men and women..."
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is arguably a version of polo as well, though it can also be seen as the precursor of modern outdoor polo.
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for centuries, but is very different from modern polo. No mallets are used, and it is not played on grass.
1503:
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1235:
trained to play a fast, non-stop game. This form of polo lacked the aggressive methods and required fewer
881:
858:
845:
The game spread to South Asia where it has had a strong presence in the northwestern areas of present-day
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492:
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1025:, a royal chronicle of King Kangba, who ruled Manipur much earlier than Nongda Lairen Pakhangba (33
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35:
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is an international event attended by enthusiasts from all over the world. The Shandur polo ground at
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or other elite troops. It is now popular around the world, with well over 100 member countries in the
97:
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1231:, which drew up the first set of formal British rules in 1874, many of which are still in existence.
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2515:, played almost exclusively in the western United States by teams of five riders on a dirt surface.
2496:. The museum also displays a "night polo ball" with a rotating platform on which a candle is placed.
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1835:
is purely traditional and the mount is actually a full-sized horse. They range from 14.2 to 16
1227:, Hants, introduced polo to England in 1834. The game's governing body in the United Kingdom is the
512:
6426:
6278:
6240:
6200:
5995:
5748:
3993:
2493:
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2106:
1950:
The modern outdoor polo ball is made of a high-impact plastic. Historically they have been made of
1593:
1497:
1448:
1291:
754:
5289:
4318:... Denison has a Polo Club; also counterfeit metal dimes, base ball players and lightning rod men
3934:
2069:. The ball is struck with the broad sides of the mallet head rather than its round and flat tips.
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6245:
6190:
5906:
5860:
3755:
3693:
3306:
3253:
2102:
1565:
1563:
There is ample evidence that the first to play polo in America were actually the English Texans.
1549:
1433:
1338:. In 1892 The River Plate Polo Association was founded and constituted the basis for the current
1299:
1286:
Polo was brought to many parts of the Americas, but in Argentina, it took off like nowhere else.
1208:
1041:
on horseback'). Further regular playing of this game commenced in 1605, during the reign of King
1020:
833:
470:
79:
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1371:
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3177:
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2896:
2890:
2712:
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2441:
2428:
is the world's highest, at approximately 3,734 metres (12,251 ft). The governing body of
2006:
Plastic balls were introduced in the 1970s. They are less prone to breakage and much cheaper.
1905:
1443:
The three major polo tournaments in Argentina, known as "Triple Corona" ("Triple Crown"), are
1437:
1397:
817:
525:
4252:"Polo in America has Advanced: H.L. Herbert Tells of the Game from Its Start in This Country"
3200:
3143:
612:(247 BC to AD 224), the sport had great patronage under the kings and noblemen. According to
6255:
6250:
6195:
6096:
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6041:
6015:
6010:
5985:
5728:
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1823:
1417:
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933:
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294:
208:
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959:
6349:
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3006:
2841:
2822:
2694:
2062:
1955:
1463:
1421:
1413:
1295:
996:
885:
838:
704:
622:(224–651). It was also part of the royal education for the Sasanian ruling class. Emperor
619:
609:
577:
533:
450:
430:
236:
232:
4607:
2223:
The playing field is 300 by 160 yards (274 by 146 m), the area of approximately six
1396:
Five teams were able to gather four 10 handicap players each, to make 40 handicap teams:
1859:
matches (at least one per chukka), and even more for the highest levels of competition.
768:
6020:
5916:
5776:
5544:"Spielfeld, Regeln und so – Polo ist unser Steckenpferd, Steckenpferdpolo unser Leben!"
5173:
4834:
4037:
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1471:
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6005:
5896:
5667:
4003:
3697:
2759:
2744:
2624:
2560:
2385:
2094:
1942:
Not permitted is any equipment that may harm horses, such as certain spurs or whips.
1844:
1586:
1390:
1343:
1319:
1236:
1175:
1061:
988:
980:
813:
673:
488:
357:
307:
5543:
5139:
3998:
3732:
3037:
956:, India, in 1859, the English tea planters having learnt it from Manipuri incomers.
6354:
6329:
6288:
6169:
6116:
6061:
6051:
6000:
5956:
5946:
5931:
5880:
5763:
5743:
5707:
4939:"Men's water polo: Indonesians win SEA Games gold, break Singapore's 54-year reign"
4856:
2786:
2425:
2401:
2119:
1582:
1522:
1359:
1212:
1081:
1069:
974:
896:
772:
595:
591:
537:
416:
404:
212:
189:
6066:
3370:
1651:, the national governing body of the sport of polo in the United Kingdom, and the
104:
3912:
3832:
3578:
3493:
2597:
and is also played on horseback. It was developed in Australia in the late 1930s.
2122:, and its tail is docked or braided so that it will not snag the rider's mallet.
1625:
The other basic defensive play is called the bump or ride-off. It's similar to a
1408:, 1992–1993 (Bautista Heguy, Gonzalo Heguy, Horacio Heguy Jr. and Marcos Heguy);
6334:
6225:
6215:
6121:
6056:
5951:
5911:
5834:
5771:
4890:
4033:
3124:
3059:
2682:
2552:
2512:
2511:, played in many countries between teams of three riders on a sand surface, and
2417:
2154:
2126:
2036:
1898:
1836:
1738:
1379:
1355:
1200:
1189:
1102:
1065:
1004:
900:
677:
462:
388:
152:
46:
5091:
4322:... This section was visited by the hardest storm of the season Thursday night.
3414:
3279:"A Tale of Two Games: "Cirit, Buzkashi" and the Horsemen of the Asiatic Steppe"
590:, is still played in parts of Central Asia. It was developed and formalised in
6235:
6179:
6091:
5875:
5674:
4418:
Newspaper article from the 1950s – the actual article uploaded on Wiki commons
4139:
2659:
2649:
2590:
2574:
2534:
2524:
2508:
2504:
2138:
2134:
2114:
2058:
1933:
1867:
1672:
1641:
1630:
1619:
1347:
1270:
480:
392:
315:
203:
31:
4314:
Mr Lane, living near Denison, has 25-acres of wheat headed up and nearly ripe
3378:
3358:
3302:
3249:
2548:
Variants that are related but clearly diverge from the polo format include:
2452:
team in the Royal Salute Coronation Cup, both of which were won by his team.
2009:
The indoor and arena polo ball is leather-covered and inflated, and is about
1847:
or Thoroughbred crosses. They are trained to be handled with one hand on the
912:
457:, where the sport evolved and developed, it was at first a training game for
6314:
6220:
6210:
5961:
5733:
3797:
3689:
3384:
has been passed down from one generation to the next and continues to exist.
2643:
2584:
2566:
2280:
2256:
recognised it as a sport with a bona fide international governing body, the
1894:
1812:
1542:
1259:
1224:
903:, where it was played by women, who had to wear a male dress to do so; many
892:
862:
829:
623:
384:
380:
325:
311:
17:
5980:
3294:
967:
The origins of the game in Manipur are traced to yet earlier precursors of
928:
The modern, international, game of polo is derived from the form played in
30:
This article is about the sport played on horseback. For the clothing, see
2275:
576:
Many scholars suggest it most likely began as a simple game played by the
487:
variant with similar rules, and is played with three riders per team. The
6157:
6147:
5921:
5829:
5702:
5697:
5062:"Polo & Riding – Life in Jordan | The Royal Jordanian Polo Club"
4405:
3968:
3604:
Pollett, Andrea (2002). "Tûmân, or the 10,000 Cups of the Mamlûk Cards".
2927:
2708:
2676:
2663:
2630:
2594:
2538:
2520:
2098:
1556:. Herbert stated in a 1913 article that they formed the Westchester Club
1462:
Polo has found popularity throughout the rest of the Americas, including
1255:
1042:
973:. This was one of three forms of hockey in Manipur, the other ones being
846:
662:
582:
228:
3545:
3310:
3278:
2077:
1886:
5936:
5738:
5616:
5117:
4012:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
3359:"The culture of polo players; Analyzing polo game among Iranian people"
3257:
3225:
2724:
2311:
2307:
2130:
2110:
1910:
1840:
1220:
1204:
949:
854:
804:
800:
784:
737:
700:
692:
687:
642:
599:
545:
458:
5513:
2523:, which was popular in the US in the late 1890s. That sport resembled
2236:
2125:
Polo is ridden with double reins for greater accuracy of signals. The
1178:. The history of this polo ground is contained in the royal chronicle
1076:. Players protected their legs by attaching leather shields to their
1001:, the winged-pony god of polo and the creation-ritual episodes of the
618:, the Persian ball game was an important pastime in the court of the
6164:
5854:
5607:
Santiago Novillo-Astrada; Raphael De Oliveira; Uwe Seebacher (2009).
5035:
4583:
4464:
4222:"Polo In The United States And The Ascension Of The Polo Giant: USPA"
3498:. New York City and Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
2794:
2734:
2444:
is the highest capped played in the Asian circuit. He has played for
2086:
2040:
1951:
1637:
1315:
1303:
1251:
1077:
1073:
1053:
850:
796:
792:
720:
712:
681:
658:
544:
The game is originally invented by Iranians and its Persian name is "
408:
396:
5623:
4794:
Rules and Rule Interpretations of the United States Polo Association
4651:
Rules and Rule Interpretations of the United States Polo Association
3831:
Carril, Justo del (1 November 2013). "Introduction: The equipment".
3241:
816:. Europeans transformed the polo stick suit into the "clubs" of the
676:
constructed a polo ground early in the 5th century, to Japan by the
3837:. Ayacucho, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial Dunken. p. 13.
1592:
During the early part of the 20th century, under the leadership of
725:, the Byzantine name for polo) was built by Emperor Theodosius II (
6106:
6076:
5781:
4800:. United States Polo Association. 2017. p. 64. Archived from
4688:
2729:
2531:
but died out entirely in favour of the Canadian ice hockey rules.
2528:
2487:
2331:
2274:
2235:
2214:
2076:
1904:
1893:
1885:
1866:
1848:
1822:
1699:
1601:
1502:
1491:
1453:
1318:, and several clubs opened in the following years in the towns of
1277:
1269:
1244:
1239:
skills. From the 1800s to the 1910s, a host of teams representing
1086:
1047:
958:
822:
775:
Chinese courtiers on horseback playing a game of polo, 706 AD
767:
652:
633:
519:
511:
5453:
3678:"'Polo-obsessed' Chinese noblewoman buried with her donkey steed"
2219:
Relative sizes of an association football ground and a polo field
1207:
city in Assam. In 1862, the oldest polo club still in existence,
1174:
The oldest polo ground in the world is the Imphal Polo Ground in
5865:
5359:
4637:, United States Polo Association, September 2018, archived from
2580:
1878:
Polo must be played right-handed to prevent head-on collisions.
1832:
1171:) were also played in a polo ground outside the current palace.
646:
400:
5627:
5407:
1203:, established in 1859, is located on Club Road in the heart of
4916:
2348:
2148:
1961:
The regulation outdoor polo ball is 3 inches (7.6 cm) to
1732:
1149:), a polo ground just outside the Kangla. Weekly games called
943:
568:
40:
3760:(1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex, UK: Guinness Publishing.
2666:
instead of horses. A variant of cycle polo is also played on
1243:
dominated the international polo scene. The game had reached
3466:
Theodosius II: Rethinking the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity
2555:
uses rules similar to regular polo, but riders compete with
1831:
The mounts used are called 'polo ponies', although the term
1683:
Some of the most important arena polo tournaments held are:
429:
Polo has been called "the sport of kings", and has become a
4496:"What Horses Are Used For Polo? 4 Popular Polo Pony Breeds"
3997:
2330:, one club in Bahrain and The Royal Jordanian Polo Club in
1545:) was the site of the "first" American outdoor polo match.
1127:). Public games were held, as they still are today, at the
795:, their elites favoured it above all other sports. Notable
540:, showing courtiers on horseback playing polo, 1546 CE
491:
is smaller, enclosed and usually of compacted sand or fine
441:. The progenitor of polo and its variants existed from the
5009:
2252:
as an Olympic sport was limited to 1900–1939, in 1998 the
580:. An archaic variation of polo, regionally referred to as
2652:
is played around the world in kayaks and governed by the
2559:, usually in a smaller arena, using an inflatable rubber
1929:(US). A face guard is commonly integral with the helmet.
1274:
Luis Lacey, former captain of Argentine Polo Team in 1922
4084:"India's First Official Polo League Announced in Jaipur"
936:. Also in use in Manipur were the game's Tibetic names,
668:
Valuable for training cavalry, the game was played from
5114:"Polo Wicklow – Index – Polo in Ireland – Polo Wicklow"
2365:
1839:(58 to 64 inches, 147 to 163 cm) high at the
4657:. United States Polo Association. 2017. Archived from
1451:. Polo season usually lasts from October to December.
4110:"Polo in Argentina: Where Tradition Meets Excellence"
2892:
Evolution of Sport in Asian Society: Past and Present
2701:), was devised in 1998 in south western Germany. The
1585:
that the first game of polo in America was played in
1254:
in 2016. It is a new version of polo, similar to the
603:
549:
5429:
Bain's New York: The City in News Pictures 1900–1925
4465:"RULES OF THE GAME – United States Polo Association"
3468:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
2679:(motorcycle polo) was invented in the United States.
2537:
shares a name with polo, but more closely resembles
1525:
in New York City. The historical record states that
1179:
1150:
1128:
1106:
1092:
1036:
1030:
1018:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
978:
968:
6368:
6307:
6269:
6178:
6135:
6029:
5970:
5889:
5822:
5762:
5716:
5684:
5311:
Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II Museum: Night Polo Ball
3438:
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
2093:; although most polo saddles lack a flap under the
1704:Polo match between the United Kingdom and Spain at
937:
559:
356:
348:
343:
332:
321:
303:
293:
276:
268:
263:
255:
185:
175:
162:
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4981:
4969:. pp. Sunday magazine supplement (pp. 20–21).
4915:. Royal Malaysian Polo Association. Archived from
3878:. Federation of International Polo. Archived from
3169:
3123:
2105:is added, usually attached to the front billet. A
865:) since at least the 15th to the 16th centuries.
3626:, Published by Courier Dover Publications, 2004,
820:, as polo was little known to them at that time.
752:) died from exhaustion while playing and Emperor
626:learnt to play polo at age seven in 316 AD.
4438:. United States Polo Association. Archived from
3411:"Playing Polo in Historic Naqsh-e Jahan Square?"
2460:The governing body in the United Kingdom is the
1250:The World Champions Polo League was launched in
993:). Local rituals such as those connected to the
3172:Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries
2835:"Polo: the sport of kings that anyone can play"
707:. The game was also learnt by the neighbouring
222: 1st C. BCE – 7th C.
5548:Kurfürstlich-Kurpfälzischer Polo-Club Mannheim
4963:David, Ceri (23 November 2008). "Going Polo".
3583:. Islamic Texts Society. pp. 42, 50, 73.
3413:. Payvand.com. 29 October 2007. Archived from
3395:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
3176:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 25–27.
2793:region of Pakistan and in Indian-administered
2448:in the St. Moritz Snow Polo World Cup and the
1606:Director Walter Scanlon, Bethpage, Long Island
5639:
4720:, Hurlingham Polo Association, archived from
4631:United States Polo Association Rule Book 2018
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
2993:
2991:
2750:PIPA Polo Instructors and Players Association
2264:is held every three years by the Federation.
2089:are English-style, close contact, similar to
8:
5565:
2889:Hong, Fan; Mangan, J. A (18 November 2005).
2702:
1975:inches (8.9 cm) in diameter and weighs
1708:, 1922. The English side was represented by
1314:The sport spread quickly among the skillful
649:, is the site of a medieval royal polo field
554:). The game's English name derives from the
532:("the Ball and the Polo-mallet") during the
145:
3091:"The Economics of Polo, The Sport of Kings"
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2183:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1767:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1156:
1134:
1112:
1072:, and the balls are made from the roots of
5646:
5632:
5624:
4889:. Royal Selangor Polo Club. Archived from
4771:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 28.
4734:Hurlingham Polo Association Rule Book 2018
4082:Champions Polo League (17 December 2016).
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
765:) died from a fatal injury during a game.
151:
144:
5336:. Watergate Bay Hotel Ltd. Archived from
4714:HPA Rules & Regulations for Polo 2022
4172:. blog.palosantohotel.com. Archived from
3988:
3986:
3725:"Manipur Polo: History of Polo in Imphal"
3647:, pp. 72–73, 1999, British Museum Press,
3580:Saladin: The Triumph of the Sunni Revival
3030:"Manipur Polo: History of Polo in Imphal"
2858:
2856:
2854:
2203:Learn how and when to remove this message
1827:Polo ponies waiting for the game to begin
1787:Learn how and when to remove this message
1676:and most major polo clubs, including the
362:Formerly (1900, 1908, 1920–1924 and 1936)
199:
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
5360:"Aspen World Snow Polo Official Website"
4612:, United States Polo Association, 2022,
2633:is played in Mongolia and western China.
1548:H. L. Herbert, James Gordon Bennett and
1045:under newly framed rules of the game.
907:of female players survive. According to
4036:. 22 April 1893. p. 2 – via
3873:"Rule F12 International Rules for Polo"
2971:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
2816:"Preview: The Sport of Kings", CBS News
2808:
2771:
1716:whilst the Spanish were represented by
1533:on 6 May 1876, and on 13 May 1876, the
1009:festival enacting the life of his son,
909:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
615:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
5514:"Was fehlt ...: ... lebende Poloponys"
5405:– via Port Douglas News Archive.
5228:from the original on 14 September 2022
5202:from the original on 14 September 2022
4120:from the original on 30 September 2023
3659:, pp. 49–50, 1981, Faber & Faber,
3526:from the original on 22 September 2020
3388:
3118:
3116:
2863:Laffaye, Horace A. (19 January 2010).
449:, as an equestrian game played by the
5554:from the original on 27 November 2022
5524:from the original on 27 November 2022
5464:from the original on 3 September 2022
5397:from the original on 27 November 2022
5140:"Polo match draws all the performers"
5042:from the original on 12 November 2020
4594:from the original on 28 November 2022
4170:"Polo Basics: Quick facts about Polo"
3317:from the original on 27 November 2022
3264:from the original on 27 November 2022
3211:from the original on 27 November 2022
3070:from the original on 18 December 2019
2938:from the original on 27 November 2020
2478:United States Women's Polo Federation
895:to China where it was popular in the
7:
5366:from the original on 25 January 2012
5170:"Pakistan Tourism Department notice"
5016:from the original on 5 December 2020
4990:from the original on 12 January 2022
4616:from the original on 3 December 2022
4535:from the original on 11 January 2024
4029:Samoa Times and South Sea Advertiser
3818:from the original on 3 December 2022
3144:participating institution membership
2999:"The Mists of Time: Origins of Polo"
2279:Indonesia plays against Thailand in
2181:adding citations to reliable sources
1765:adding citations to reliable sources
1097:, the world's oldest polo playground
391:and one of the world's oldest known
69:adding citations to reliable sources
5262:from the original on 5 October 2022
4684:Hurlingham Polo Association rules:
4090:from the original on 11 August 2022
4063:from the original on 11 August 2022
3935:"The Pony Returns - Indian Express"
2974:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2602:Played on vehicles or other animals
1678:Santa Barbara Polo and Racquet Club
1344:Olympic Games held in Paris in 1924
5432:. New York: Courier. p. 143.
5385:McKechnie, Steve (19 March 2013).
4584:"Sport of Polo: Rules of the Game"
4053:"Polo league to kick off in March"
3558:from the original on 30 April 2021
3495:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
3357:Mousavinia, Mehdi (26 June 2023).
3101:from the original on 9 August 2018
2926:Richard C. Latham (20 July 1998).
1400:, 1975, 1977–1979 (Alberto Heguy,
1393:players out of any other country.
1185:
1026:
703:was built as a polo field by King
223:
25:
5494:from the original on 4 March 2016
5150:from the original on 17 June 2019
5116:. polowicklow.com. Archived from
4699:from the original on 12 June 2023
4475:from the original on 12 July 2017
4375:. gracytravel.com. Archived from
4150:from the original on 10 June 2023
4051:Das, Deepika (19 December 2016).
3941:from the original on 28 July 2020
3851:from the original on 15 July 2023
3774:from the original on 22 July 2023
3704:from the original on 25 July 2022
3577:Azzam, Dr ‘Abd al-Raḥmān (2014).
3334:(1st ed.). New York: Knopf.
2023:inches (11 cm) in diameter.
1871:A girls' polo team, United States
1064:, which stands less than 13
5520:(in German). 28 September 2014.
5490:(in German). 27 September 2014.
5334:Polo on the Beach, Watergate Bay
5222:"Sports Calendar 2021-22 (POLO)"
5172:. tourism.gov.pk. Archived from
4980:Eimer, David (25 October 2008).
4867:from the original on 15 May 2021
4833:. 7 October 2015. Archived from
4557:. ryanpemblepolo. Archived from
4506:from the original on 6 July 2022
4232:from the original on 17 May 2021
3796:Carril, Justo del (March 2009).
3723:Stephen, J. K. (25 March 2007).
3028:Stephen, J. K. (25 March 2007).
2704:Erster Kurfürstlich-Kurpfälzisch
2685:originated in the United States.
2352:
2258:Federation of International Polo
2153:
1855:they are 18 to 20 years of age.
1737:
1282:Argentine Polo Open Championship
680:. The game also spread south to
630:Middle Ages and Early Modern era
467:Federation of International Polo
170:Federation of International Polo
45:
4370:"Gracy Travel – Balcones Ranch"
3676:Michael Price (16 March 2020).
3205:Asian Games: The Art of Contest
2895:. Routledge. pp. 309–311.
2609:Non-equine variations include:
2254:International Olympic Committee
985:) and wrestling-hockey (called
932:, India, where it was known as
871:
760:
727:
328:, mallet, ball, protective wear
56:needs additional citations for
4693:Hurlingham Polo Association UK
4588:United States Polo Association
4469:United States Polo Association
4198:. Polobarn.com. Archived from
2968:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
2654:International Canoe Federation
2474:United States Polo Association
1653:United States Polo Association
1488:United States Polo Association
891:Polo likely travelled via the
734:Great Palace of Constantinople
695:dynasty. In the 17th century,
336:
202: – 1st C.
1:
4913:"History of Polo in Malaysia"
4494:Henry, Miles (3 March 2021).
4344:. 2 June 1876. Archived from
4261:. 19 May 1913. Archived from
4086:(Press release). PRNewswire.
4024:"Polo Tournament - The Final"
3624:Tennis: Origins and Mysteries
3371:10.22059/jis.2023.355152.1187
2593:is a combination of polo and
2492:An old polocart displayed at
2240:Polo played as a part of the
963:Manipuri polo players in 1875
218:
6407:Former Summer Olympic sports
5717:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic
5088:"All Ireland Polo Club news"
4335:"State News: Grayson County"
4297:. 2 May 1876. Archived from
4288:"State News: Grayson County"
3754:Singh, L.Joychandra (1991).
3490:Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich
3201:"Polo: The Emperor of Games"
2662:is a similar game played on
1819:Argentine polo (horse breed)
1569:reported on 2 May 1876 that
1340:Asociación Argentina de Polo
1302:immigrants in the Argentine
1180:
1151:
1129:
1107:
1093:
1037:
1031:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
969:
938:
880:slave who later founded the
721:
713:
560:
558:, from its word for 'ball',
473:in 16 countries, and was an
415:through the opposing team's
407:using a long-handled wooden
6261:Western riding (horse show)
5807:List of horse racing venues
5426:Carlebach, Michael (2011).
5391:Newsport: Port Douglas News
5286:Hurlingham Polo Association
5036:"The Country Club, Bahrain"
4767:Laffaye, Horace A. (2004).
4196:"FIP World Cup VIII – 2007"
3657:T'ang Pottery and Porcelain
3440:. Penguin. pp. 50–51.
3373:(inactive 16 August 2024).
2867:. McFarland. pp. 5–6.
2484:Variants and related sports
2462:Hurlingham Polo Association
1890:Polo helmet with face guard
1649:Hurlingham Polo Association
1229:Hurlingham Polo Association
1091:Polo players of Manipur in
944:
791:dynasties of Egypt and the
604:
569:
550:
395:. It originated in ancient
245:Modern game originated in
6443:
6422:Sports originating in Asia
6272:breed-specific disciplines
5592:. San Francisco: Collins.
5038:. countryclubbahrain.com.
4857:"Polo Today | Polo Museum"
4555:"Left-handed Polo Players"
3551:World History Encyclopedia
3332:Polo, the emperor of games
3277:Willekes, Carolyn (2017).
2304:2019 Southeast Asian Games
2300:2017 Southeast Asian Games
2296:2007 Southeast Asian Games
1913:, "riding off" an opponent
1816:
1810:
1485:
1105:. Here they played on the
744:) excelled at it; Emperor
516:In China, Liao dinasty era
29:
6376:List of historical horses
5797:Thoroughbred horse racing
5661:
3131:Oxford English Dictionary
2434:Pakistan Polo Association
1458:Polo player, with referee
1447:, Tortugas Polo Open and
905:Tang dynasty tomb figures
657:Statue of polo player in
564:. It is cognate with the
412:
217:Developed and formalised
150:
6320:Competitive trail riding
5802:Films about horse racing
5413:27 November 2022 at the
5387:"Camel Polo in Mongolia"
5196:"Polo Clubs in Pakistan"
3792:J. del Carril editions:
3612:(1: July–August): 34–41.
2964:Canepa, Matthew (2018).
2689:A lighthearted variant,
2627:is played in South Asia.
2440:three times. Pakistan's
1576:The Galveston Daily News
1515:James Gordon Bennett Jr.
1476:United States of America
1402:Juan Carlos Harriott Jr.
837:, by Italian missionary
684:and to India and Tibet.
6143:Cowboy mounted shooting
5316:28 October 2014 at the
4009:Encyclopædia Britannica
3690:10.1126/science.abb7559
3436:Herrin, Judith (2007).
3330:Milburn, Frank (1994).
3224:Perry, John R. (2001).
3136:Oxford University Press
2932:Encyclopædia Britannica
2785:still spoken by ethnic
2755:World Polo Championship
2438:World Polo Championship
2390:Indian Polo Association
2294:Polo was played at the
2271:East and Southeast Asia
2262:World Polo Championship
2057:is used exclusively in
1440:and Juan Martín Nero).
1386:, and Enrique Alberdi.
573:, also meaning 'ball'.
6417:Equestrian team sports
6381:Women in equestrianism
6184:exhibition disciplines
5566:
4529:www.caminorealpolo.com
3909:Royal Polo Club Rasnov
3295:10.3197/np.2017.210206
3230:Asian Folklore Studies
2840:18 August 2018 at the
2703:
2698:
2497:
2384:The governing body of
2284:
2244:
2220:
2082:
1989:ounces (99 g) to
1914:
1902:
1891:
1872:
1828:
1725:
1688:Guest and William Mui.
1607:
1552:financed the original
1511:
1500:
1459:
1283:
1275:
1184:starting from 33
1098:
1057:
964:
842:
776:
665:
650:
541:
517:
485:indoor or semi-outdoor
349:Country or region
34:. For other uses, see
6231:Show hunter (British)
5840:Equestrian drill team
5518:Die Tageszeitung: taz
5362:. Worldsnowpolo.com.
4983:"The Daily Telegraph"
4769:The polo encyclopedia
4402:"The Texas Polo Club"
4116:. 19 September 2023.
3834:Essentials Tips: Polo
3757:"Origin of Polo game"
3196:Multiple references:
3168:Robert Crego (2003).
3060:"THE HISTORY OF POLO"
2865:The Evolution of Polo
2821:10 April 2012 at the
2621:is played in Mongolia
2491:
2414:Shandur Polo Festival
2278:
2239:
2218:
2080:
2003:ounces (130 g).
1908:
1897:
1889:
1870:
1826:
1714:Teignmouth P. Melvill
1706:Club Puerta de Hierro
1703:
1605:
1554:New York Polo Grounds
1535:Jerome Park Racetrack
1531:Westchester Polo Club
1509:The Villages, Florida
1506:
1495:
1457:
1428:); Ellerstina, 2009 (
1309:Buenos Aires Province
1281:
1273:
1241:Indian principalities
1090:
1051:
962:
826:
771:
719:(stadium for playing
656:
637:
523:
515:
508:Origins and etymology
471:played professionally
437:, often supported by
36:Polo (disambiguation)
27:Equestrian team sport
6345:Mounted orienteering
6294:Icelandic equitation
6030:Working stock sports
5258:. 27 February 2021.
3994:Dale, Thomas Francis
3802:Essential Tips: Polo
3655:; Medley, Margaret,
3622:Malcolm D. Whitman,
3207:. The Asia Society.
2740:List of polo players
2248:countries. Although
2242:1900 Summer Olympics
2177:improve this section
1909:Polo player wearing
1761:improve this section
1668:Indoor or arena polo
1527:James Gordon Bennett
1496:A polo match at the
1445:Hurlingham Polo Open
1426:Bartolomé Castagnola
832:Playing Polo in the
711:at an early date. A
697:Naqsh-i Jahan Square
639:Naqsh-e Jahan Square
433:for equestrians and
411:to hit a small hard
157:Players playing polo
65:improve this article
6279:Camargue equitation
6201:Halter (horse show)
5996:Draft horse showing
5611:. Munich: BookRix.
5458:Penny Farthing Club
5176:on 31 December 2018
4827:"Outdoor Polo Ball"
3971:on 3 September 2020
3735:on 11 February 2019
3643:Michaelson, Carol,
3134:(Online ed.).
3040:on 11 February 2019
2494:City Palace, Jaipur
2310:, Kuala Lumpur and
2289:Singapore Polo Club
2107:standing martingale
1594:Harry Payne Whitney
1498:Kentucky Horse Park
1346:a team composed of
1108:manung kangjei bung
755:John I of Trebizond
477:from 1900 to 1936.
461:units, usually the
165:governing body
147:
6299:Working equitation
6246:Trail (horse show)
6191:Classical dressage
5907:Corrida de sortija
5068:on 4 November 2020
4893:on 19 October 2018
4861:www.polomuseum.com
4837:on 9 November 2017
4807:on 9 November 2017
4727:on 3 December 2022
4664:on 9 November 2017
4644:on 3 December 2022
4561:on 29 January 2018
4500:Horse Racing Sense
4445:on 9 November 2017
4351:on 26 March 2012.
4342:The Galveston News
4295:The Galveston News
4259:The New York Times
4202:on 25 January 2012
3915:on 3 December 2017
3684:. sciencemag.org.
3462:Kelly, Christopher
3417:on 3 February 2020
2498:
2364:. You can help by
2285:
2245:
2232:Contemporary sport
2221:
2083:
1954:, leather covered
1915:
1903:
1892:
1873:
1829:
1726:
1608:
1566:The Galveston News
1550:August Belmont Jr.
1539:Westchester County
1512:
1501:
1460:
1434:Gonzalo Pieres Jr.
1284:
1276:
1209:Calcutta Polo Club
1181:Cheitharol Kumbaba
1130:mapan kangjei bung
1099:
1058:
1052:Old polo field in
1021:Cheitharol Kumbaba
965:
843:
834:Kingdom of Imereti
777:
666:
651:
542:
518:
383:that is played on
180:The Sport of Kings
6389:
6388:
6206:Horse showmanship
6127:Working cow horse
5991:Chuckwagon racing
5902:Carrera de cintas
5890:Games with horses
5845:Escaramuza charra
5655:Equestrian sports
4966:Sunday Herald Sun
4624:– via Issuu
4408:on 26 March 2012.
3905:"History of polo"
3885:on 18 August 2018
3844:978-987-02-7039-3
3826:– via Issu.
3811:978-987-02-7039-3
3590:978-1-903682-87-6
3522:. Touregypt.net.
3505:978-0-19-504652-6
3183:978-0-313-31610-4
3142:(Subscription or
3089:Heitner, Darren.
3064:argentinapolo.com
2981:978-0-19-866277-8
2902:978-1-135-76043-4
2503:Variant forms of
2442:Hissam Ali Haider
2382:
2381:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2065:prefers the term
1797:
1796:
1789:
1722:Duke of Peñaranda
1710:Frederick A. Gill
1640:, ice hockey, or
1449:Palermo Polo Open
1438:Pablo Mac Donough
1364:1936 Berlin Games
1334:and later (1888)
1144:outer polo ground
1122:inner polo ground
1094:Mapal Kangjeibung
924:India and Britain
526:Persian miniature
366:
365:
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
6434:
6412:Mixed-sex sports
6256:Western pleasure
6251:Western dressage
6196:English pleasure
6097:Jineteada gaucha
6047:Breakaway roping
6042:Australian rodeo
6011:Pleasure driving
5986:Carriage driving
5724:Combined driving
5648:
5641:
5634:
5625:
5620:
5603:
5584:Penina Meisels;
5572:
5571:
5569:
5561:
5559:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5423:
5417:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5340:on 16 March 2016
5326:
5320:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5288:. Archived from
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5251:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5146:. 18 July 2007.
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5090:. Archived from
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5064:. Archived from
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4985:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4919:on 23 March 2016
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4887:"About the Club"
4883:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4799:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4740:, archived from
4739:
4728:
4726:
4719:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4689:"Playing: Rules"
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4656:
4645:
4643:
4636:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4433:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4404:. Archived from
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4382:on 26 March 2012
4381:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4350:
4339:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4304:on 26 March 2012
4303:
4292:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4268:on 26 March 2012
4267:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4057:Deccan Chronicle
4048:
4042:
4041:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4001:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3967:. Archived from
3965:calcuttapolo.com
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3911:. Archived from
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3731:. Archived from
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3673:
3667:
3641:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3606:The Playing-Card
3601:
3595:
3594:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3386:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3165:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3036:. Archived from
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3009:on 28 March 2009
3005:. Archived from
2995:
2986:
2985:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2886:
2873:
2872:
2860:
2849:
2832:
2826:
2813:
2797:
2791:Gilgit-Baltistan
2783:Tibetic language
2776:
2706:
2699:Steckenpferdpolo
2691:hobby horse polo
2613:On other animals
2430:polo in Pakistan
2422:Chitral District
2377:
2374:
2356:
2349:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2157:
2149:
2129:is frequently a
2120:roached (hogged)
2052:
2051:
2047:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1741:
1733:
1529:established the
1507:Polo stadium in
1418:Lucas Monteverde
1376:Roberto Cavanagh
1194:Viceroy of India
1187:
1183:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1096:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1008:
1000:
992:
984:
972:
947:
941:
876:), originally a
875:
874: 1206–1210
873:
867:Qutubuddin Aibak
810:Mamluk precursor
781:Muslim conquests
764:
763: 1235–1238
762:
757:
751:
750:r. 912–913
743:
742:r. 867–886
731:
729:
724:
718:
709:Byzantine Empire
672:, where Emperor
607:
572:
566:Standard Tibetan
563:
553:
387:, a traditional
237:Sasanian Empires
226:
225:
220:
209:Eurasian nomadic
206:
201:
155:
148:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6364:
6350:Pleasure riding
6303:
6284:Doma menorquina
6271:
6265:
6183:
6174:
6153:Mounted archery
6131:
6112:Steer wrestling
6087:Deporte de lazo
6037:Acoso y derribo
6025:
5966:
5885:
5818:
5758:
5754:Para-equestrian
5712:
5680:
5666:Main articles:
5657:
5652:
5606:
5600:
5583:
5580:
5578:Further reading
5575:
5557:
5555:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5527:
5525:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5497:
5495:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5467:
5465:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5440:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5415:Wayback Machine
5400:
5398:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5341:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5318:Wayback Machine
5309:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5292:on 8 March 2021
5280:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5231:
5229:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5179:
5177:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5120:on 30 June 2016
5112:
5111:
5107:
5097:
5095:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5069:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5043:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5019:
5017:
5012:. Ndhpolo.com.
5008:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4991:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4922:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4894:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4840:
4838:
4831:World Polo News
4825:
4824:
4820:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4750:
4748:
4747:on 16 July 2018
4744:
4737:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4711:
4702:
4700:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4628:
4619:
4617:
4606:
4597:
4595:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4564:
4562:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4536:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4431:
4429:"USPA Rulebook"
4427:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4353:Grayson County:
4348:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4319:
4315:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4179:
4177:
4176:on 6 April 2016
4168:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4022:
4021:
4017:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3854:
3852:
3845:
3830:
3821:
3819:
3812:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3768:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3642:
3638:
3621:
3617:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3520:"Touregypt.net"
3518:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3387:
3363:Iranian Studies
3356:
3355:
3351:
3342:
3329:
3320:
3318:
3283:Nomadic Peoples
3276:
3267:
3265:
3242:10.2307/1179053
3223:
3214:
3212:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3167:
3166:
3151:
3141:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2925:
2924:
2913:
2903:
2888:
2887:
2876:
2862:
2861:
2852:
2848:, 29 April 2010
2842:Wayback Machine
2833:
2829:
2823:Wayback Machine
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2721:
2668:penny-farthings
2640:
2615:
2604:
2557:western saddles
2486:
2470:
2458:
2410:
2398:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2362:needs expansion
2344:
2324:
2273:
2234:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2174:
2158:
2147:
2091:jumping saddles
2075:
2063:British English
2049:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1948:
1884:
1865:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1793:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1758:
1742:
1731:
1724:amongst others.
1670:
1661:
1610:
1490:
1484:
1422:Mariano Aguerre
1414:Adolfo Cambiaso
1382:, Juan Nelson,
1372:Andrés Gazzotti
1352:Enrique Padilla
1324:Cañada de Gómez
1268:
1247:by the 1890's.
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
997:Ibudhou Marjing
926:
921:
886:Delhi Sultanate
870:
839:Teramo Castelli
759:
753:
749:
741:
726:
632:
620:Sasanian Empire
610:Parthian Empire
534:Safavid dynasty
510:
505:
499:are an option.
431:spectator sport
289:
264:Characteristics
242:
221:
197:
158:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6440:
6438:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6394:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6275:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6187:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6150:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6021:Scurry driving
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5977:
5975:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5917:Equine agility
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5787:Point-to-point
5784:
5779:
5777:Harness racing
5774:
5768:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5604:
5598:
5586:Michael Cronan
5579:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5535:
5505:
5475:
5445:
5438:
5418:
5377:
5351:
5321:
5303:
5273:
5239:
5213:
5187:
5161:
5131:
5105:
5094:on 7 July 2011
5079:
5053:
5027:
5001:
4972:
4955:
4930:
4904:
4878:
4848:
4818:
4784:
4777:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4729:
4709:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4646:
4626:
4604:
4572:
4546:
4517:
4486:
4456:
4420:
4411:
4393:
4361:
4326:
4279:
4243:
4213:
4187:
4161:
4131:
4101:
4074:
4043:
4038:Newspapers.com
4015:
4004:Chisholm, Hugh
3982:
3952:
3926:
3896:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3843:
3828:
3810:
3798:"Introduction"
3785:
3766:
3746:
3729:Indianpolo.com
3715:
3668:
3645:Gilded Dragons
3636:
3615:
3596:
3589:
3569:
3537:
3511:
3504:
3492:, ed. (1991).
3481:
3475:978-1107038585
3474:
3453:
3447:978-0713999976
3446:
3428:
3402:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:978-0394571614
3340:
3327:
3289:(2): 286–301.
3274:
3236:(2): 191–202.
3226:"Introduction"
3221:
3189:
3182:
3149:
3112:
3081:
3051:
3034:Indianpolo.com
3020:
3003:Indianpolo.com
2987:
2980:
2949:
2911:
2901:
2874:
2850:
2827:
2825:, 5 April 2012
2807:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2657:
2647:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2611:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2583:was played in
2578:
2564:
2485:
2482:
2469:
2466:
2457:
2456:United Kingdom
2454:
2409:
2406:
2397:
2394:
2380:
2379:
2359:
2357:
2343:
2340:
2323:
2320:
2272:
2269:
2233:
2230:
2211:
2210:
2193:September 2022
2161:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2074:
2071:
2032:
2029:
1947:
1944:
1883:
1880:
1864:
1861:
1811:Main article:
1808:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1777:September 2022
1745:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1571:Denison, Texas
1483:
1480:
1430:Facundo Pieres
1398:Coronel Suárez
1384:Diego Cavanagh
1368:Manuel Andrada
1267:
1264:
925:
922:
920:
917:
882:Mamluk dynasty
812:to modern-day
730: 408–450
715:tzykanisterion
670:Constantinople
631:
628:
578:Iranian people
556:Balti language
528:from the poem
509:
506:
504:
501:
447:1st century AD
443:6th century BC
379:: چوگان) is a
364:
363:
360:
354:
353:
350:
346:
345:
341:
340:
334:
330:
329:
323:
319:
318:
305:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
288:
287:
284:
280:
278:
274:
273:
270:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
251:
250:
243:
241:
240:
215:
194:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
160:
159:
156:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6439:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6340:Hunter pacing
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6325:Cross-country
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6102:Ranch sorting
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6072:Chilean rodeo
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6006:Horse pulling
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:Ban'ei racing
5979:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:Barrel racing
5895:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5688:disciplines,
5687:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5668:Equestrianism
5664:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5649:
5644:
5642:
5637:
5635:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5601:
5599:0-00-637796-3
5595:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5568:
5553:
5550:(in German).
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5446:
5441:
5439:9780486478586
5435:
5431:
5430:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5381:
5378:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5307:
5304:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5282:"HPA History"
5277:
5274:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5243:
5240:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5214:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5188:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5054:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5015:
5011:
5010:"NDPpolo.com"
5005:
5002:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4959:
4956:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4931:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4905:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4803:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4785:
4780:
4778:0-7864-1724-2
4774:
4770:
4763:
4760:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4660:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4490:
4487:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4378:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4356:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4300:
4296:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4231:
4227:
4226:www.lapolo.in
4223:
4217:
4214:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4089:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3983:
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3804:. p. 9.
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2928:"Sport: Polo"
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2846:The Telegraph
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2760:Horse cloning
2758:
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2745:Polo handicap
2743:
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2707:Polo-Club in
2705:
2700:
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2692:
2684:
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2678:
2675:
2673:Golfcart polo
2672:
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2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:Elephant polo
2623:
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2596:
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2572:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:medicine ball
2558:
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2549:
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2544:
2543:Sagol kāngjei
2540:
2536:
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2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
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2501:
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2490:
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2468:United States
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2403:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:polo in India
2376:
2373:November 2022
2367:
2363:
2360:This section
2358:
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2255:
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2238:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:soccer fields
2217:
2207:
2204:
2196:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2162:This section
2160:
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2030:
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2007:
2004:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:Thoroughbreds
1842:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1788:
1780:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1746:This section
1744:
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1590:
1588:
1587:Boerne, Texas
1584:
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1482:United States
1481:
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1452:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
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1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:, 2009–2010 (
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:with players
1365:
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1357:
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1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Venado Tuerto
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1197:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1177:
1176:Manipur State
1172:
1153:
1152:hapta kangjei
1131:
1109:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:Manipuri Pony
1055:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1032:sagol kangjei
1029:) introduced
1023:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1006:
999:
998:
991:
990:
989:mukna kangjei
983:
982:
981:khong kangjei
976:
971:
970:sagol kangjei
961:
957:
955:
951:
946:
940:
935:
934:sagol kāngjei
931:
923:
918:
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868:
864:
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856:
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840:
836:
835:
831:
825:
821:
819:
818:"Latin" decks
815:
814:playing cards
811:
806:
802:
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790:
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770:
766:
756:
747:
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732:) inside the
723:
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674:Theodosius II
671:
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539:
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531:
530:Guy-o Chawgân
527:
522:
514:
507:
502:
500:
498:
497:arena mallets
494:
490:
489:playing field
486:
482:
478:
476:
475:Olympic sport
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285:
283:Field polo: 4
282:
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82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
6355:Trail riding
6330:Field hunter
6308:Field sports
6289:Doma vaquera
6270:Regional and
6241:Stunt riding
6170:Pig sticking
6117:Team penning
6062:Campdrafting
6052:Bronc riding
6001:Fine harness
5957:Sinjska alka
5947:Pole bending
5932:Keyhole race
5881:Team chasing
5870:
5792:Steeplechase
5764:Horse racing
5744:Tent pegging
5708:Show jumping
5673:
5665:
5608:
5589:
5563:
5556:. Retrieved
5547:
5538:
5526:. Retrieved
5517:
5508:
5496:. Retrieved
5487:
5478:
5466:. Retrieved
5457:
5448:
5428:
5421:
5399:. Retrieved
5390:
5380:
5368:. Retrieved
5354:
5342:. Retrieved
5338:the original
5333:
5324:
5306:
5294:. Retrieved
5290:the original
5285:
5276:
5266:14 September
5264:. Retrieved
5255:
5242:
5232:14 September
5230:. Retrieved
5216:
5206:14 September
5204:. Retrieved
5190:
5178:. Retrieved
5174:the original
5164:
5152:. Retrieved
5143:
5134:
5122:. Retrieved
5118:the original
5108:
5096:. Retrieved
5092:the original
5082:
5070:. Retrieved
5066:the original
5056:
5044:. Retrieved
5030:
5018:. Retrieved
5004:
4992:. Retrieved
4975:
4964:
4958:
4946:. Retrieved
4943:Today Online
4942:
4933:
4921:. Retrieved
4917:the original
4907:
4895:. Retrieved
4891:the original
4881:
4869:. Retrieved
4860:
4851:
4839:. Retrieved
4835:the original
4830:
4821:
4809:. Retrieved
4802:the original
4793:
4787:
4768:
4762:
4749:, retrieved
4742:the original
4733:
4722:the original
4713:
4701:. Retrieved
4692:
4680:
4666:. Retrieved
4659:the original
4650:
4639:the original
4630:
4618:, retrieved
4608:
4596:. Retrieved
4587:
4579:USPA Rules:
4575:
4563:. Retrieved
4559:the original
4549:
4537:. Retrieved
4528:
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4499:
4489:
4477:. Retrieved
4468:
4459:
4447:. Retrieved
4440:the original
4435:
4423:
4414:
4406:the original
4396:
4384:. Retrieved
4377:the original
4364:
4354:
4352:
4346:the original
4341:
4329:
4313:
4306:. Retrieved
4299:the original
4294:
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4263:the original
4258:
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4225:
4216:
4204:. Retrieved
4200:the original
4190:
4178:. Retrieved
4174:the original
4164:
4152:. Retrieved
4143:
4134:
4122:. Retrieved
4113:
4104:
4092:. Retrieved
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4056:
4046:
4027:
4018:
4007:
3999:"Polo"
3973:. Retrieved
3969:the original
3964:
3955:
3943:. Retrieved
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3913:the original
3908:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3880:the original
3867:
3853:. Retrieved
3833:
3820:. Retrieved
3801:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3756:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3733:the original
3728:
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3681:
3671:
3656:
3644:
3639:
3623:
3618:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3579:
3572:
3560:. Retrieved
3549:
3540:
3528:. Retrieved
3514:
3494:
3484:
3465:
3456:
3437:
3431:
3419:. Retrieved
3415:the original
3405:
3391:cite journal
3382:
3362:
3352:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3286:
3282:
3266:. Retrieved
3233:
3229:
3213:. Retrieved
3204:
3192:
3171:
3129:
3103:. Retrieved
3094:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3063:
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:the original
3033:
3023:
3013:28 September
3011:. Retrieved
3007:the original
3002:
2969:
2940:. Retrieved
2931:
2906:
2891:
2868:
2864:
2845:
2830:
2811:
2787:Balti people
2778:
2774:
2713:hobby horses
2688:
2608:
2605:
2547:
2533:
2517:
2502:
2499:
2471:
2459:
2450:Commonwealth
2426:Shandur Pass
2411:
2402:Phoenix Park
2399:
2383:
2370:
2366:adding to it
2361:
2345:
2336:
2325:
2316:
2293:
2286:
2266:
2246:
2222:
2199:
2190:
2175:Please help
2163:
2124:
2084:
2066:
2054:
2034:
2025:
2008:
2005:
1960:
1949:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1899:Polo mallets
1877:
1874:
1857:
1853:
1830:
1801:
1798:
1783:
1774:
1759:Please help
1747:
1718:Alfonso XIII
1682:
1671:
1662:
1659:Outdoor polo
1646:
1635:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1598:
1591:
1583:urban legend
1581:There is an
1580:
1575:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1547:
1543:Bronx County
1523:Fifth Avenue
1513:
1461:
1442:
1395:
1388:
1360:Arturo Kenny
1313:
1285:
1249:
1233:
1213:10th Hussars
1198:
1173:
1100:
1059:
975:field hockey
966:
927:
908:
897:Tang dynasty
890:
884:(1206–1290)
844:
827:
778:
773:Tang dynasty
686:
667:
613:
592:Ancient Iran
587:
581:
575:
543:
529:
496:
479:
435:high society
428:
424:
420:
399:(modern-day
372:
368:
367:
277:Team members
213:Central Asia
198:6th C.
190:Greater Iran
179:
142:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
18:Polo (sport)
6335:Fox hunting
6226:Show hunter
6216:Saddle seat
6122:Team roping
6057:Calf roping
5952:Potato race
5912:Dzhigitovka
5835:Cowboy polo
5823:Team sports
5812:by capacity
5772:Flat racing
5609:Simply Polo
5567:Brottrunk.
5558:27 November
5528:27 November
5488:Der Spiegel
5468:3 September
5401:27 November
5330:"The rules"
4154:10 February
4140:"Handicaps"
4124:10 February
4034:Apia, Samoa
3961:"Polo Club"
3321:27 November
3268:27 November
3215:27 November
2683:Segway polo
2638:On vehicles
2553:Cowboy polo
2513:cowboy polo
2418:Shandur Top
2412:The annual
2103:breastplate
2081:Polo saddle
2037:polo mallet
1934:gum shields
1807:Polo ponies
1519:39th Street
1391:10 handicap
1380:Luis Duggan
1356:Juan Nelson
1201:Cachar Club
1190:Lord Curzon
1166:weekly polo
1103:Kangla Fort
1005:Lai Haraoba
919:Modern game
899:capital of
849:(including
678:Middle Ages
463:royal guard
439:sponsorship
393:team sports
389:field sport
211:peoples of
6427:Ball games
6396:Categories
6236:Sidesaddle
6180:Horse show
6092:Goat tying
5876:Polocrosse
5675:Equitation
5617:B00XKVIYOK
5370:25 January
5256:Click Polo
5020:25 January
4994:25 January
4841:9 November
4811:9 November
4703:3 December
4668:9 November
4620:3 December
4598:3 December
4565:28 January
4539:11 January
4479:8 November
4449:8 November
4436:uspolo.org
4206:25 January
3975:2 December
3919:2 December
3889:8 December
3855:3 December
3822:3 December
3739:25 January
3665:0571109578
3653:0714114898
3530:25 January
3421:25 January
3146:required.)
3044:25 January
2804:References
2660:Cycle polo
2650:Canoe polo
2619:Camel polo
2591:Polocrosse
2575:basketball
2535:Water polo
2525:ice hockey
2509:beach polo
2505:arena polo
2334:, Jordan.
2250:its tenure
2139:draw reins
2135:Pelham bit
2115:polo wraps
2067:polo stick
2059:US English
2041:manau-cane
1817:See also:
1692:Argentina.
1673:Arena polo
1642:basketball
1631:ice hockey
1627:body check
1486:See also:
1474:, and the
1410:La Dolfina
1406:Chapaleufú
1348:Juan Miles
1336:Hurlingham
1237:equestrian
1013:Khoriphaba
779:After the
736:. Emperor
481:Arena polo
337:Polo field
316:team sport
308:Equestrian
91:newspapers
32:polo shirt
6315:Cavalcade
6221:Show hack
6211:Hunt seat
6067:Charrería
5962:Skijoring
5942:O-Mok-See
5734:Horseball
5729:Endurance
4510:11 August
4094:11 August
4067:11 August
3945:6 January
3698:216498085
3562:13 August
3546:"Saladin"
3379:2252-0643
3303:0822-7942
3250:0385-2342
2942:23 August
2644:Auto polo
2585:Argentina
2567:Horseball
2322:West Asia
2283:Polo 2007
2281:SEA Games
2164:does not
2145:The field
1882:Equipment
1813:Polo pony
1748:does not
1342:. In the
1266:Argentina
1260:Bhavnagar
1225:Aldershot
1056:, Manipur
915:, China.
893:Silk Road
863:Baltistan
830:Georgians
746:Alexander
722:tzykanion
624:Shapur II
493:aggregate
425:chukkers.
385:horseback
381:ball game
352:Worldwide
326:Polo pony
322:Equipment
312:ball game
295:Mixed-sex
176:Nicknames
121:July 2022
6158:Yabusame
6148:Jousting
6136:Weaponry
6016:Roadster
5927:Gymkhana
5922:Er Enish
5850:Fantasia
5830:Buzkashi
5749:Vaulting
5703:Eventing
5698:Dressage
5588:(1992).
5552:Archived
5522:Archived
5492:Archived
5462:Archived
5411:Archived
5408:Newsport
5395:Archived
5364:Archived
5344:15 March
5314:Archived
5260:Archived
5226:Archived
5200:Archived
5148:Archived
5144:BBC News
5040:Archived
5014:Archived
4988:Archived
4923:30 March
4897:30 March
4865:Archived
4697:Archived
4614:archived
4592:Archived
4533:Archived
4504:Archived
4473:Archived
4236:19 March
4230:Archived
4148:Archived
4118:Archived
4088:Archived
4061:Archived
3996:(1911).
3939:Archived
3849:Archived
3816:Archived
3772:Archived
3702:Archived
3634:, p. 98.
3556:Archived
3524:Archived
3464:(2013).
3315:Archived
3311:44652688
3262:Archived
3209:Archived
3105:9 August
3099:Archived
3074:9 August
3068:Archived
2936:Archived
2838:Archived
2819:Archived
2719:See also
2709:Mannheim
2677:Motoball
2664:bicycles
2631:Yak polo
2595:lacrosse
2539:handball
2521:ice polo
2507:include
2408:Pakistan
2101:seat. A
2099:dressage
1911:kneepads
1901:and ball
1720:and the
1636:Like in
1292:Scottish
1256:Twenty20
1043:Khagemba
1038:'kangjei
977:(called
901:Chang'an
847:Pakistan
799:such as
789:Mameluke
663:Pakistan
583:buzkashi
344:Presence
339:or arena
286:Arena: 3
249:, India.
233:Parthian
229:Persians
163:Highest
6369:Related
6082:Cutting
5972:Driving
5937:Kyz kuu
5857:(cirit)
5739:Reining
5690:Olympic
5498:28 July
5180:28 July
5154:17 June
5124:28 July
5072:28 July
5046:28 July
4948:29 July
4751:16 July
4386:28 July
4180:28 July
4144:POLO+10
4114:Vakiano
4006:(ed.).
3778:22 July
3708:30 June
3682:Science
3258:1179053
2789:in the
2725:Chovgan
2446:Cartier
2432:is the
2396:Ireland
2388:is the
2312:Jakarta
2308:Pattaya
2185:removed
2170:sources
2131:gag bit
2111:stirrup
2095:billets
2087:saddles
2048:⁄
2018:⁄
1998:⁄
1984:⁄
1970:⁄
1863:Players
1841:withers
1769:removed
1754:sources
1328:Quilmes
1316:gauchos
1300:English
1221:Hussars
1205:Silchar
1160:
1138:
1116:
1078:saddles
950:Silchar
930:Manipur
855:Chitral
841:, 1640.
805:Baybars
801:Saladin
797:sultans
785:Ayyubid
783:to the
738:Basil I
705:Abbas I
701:Isfahan
693:Safavid
688:Abbasid
643:Isfahan
600:chovgan
546:Chovgan
503:History
459:cavalry
451:Iranian
445:to the
421:chukkas
405:scoring
377:Persian
373:Chovgan
358:Olympic
269:Contact
247:Manipur
231:of the
105:scholar
6165:Pasola
5974:sports
5855:Jereed
5615:
5596:
5454:"Home"
5436:
5296:2 June
5098:26 May
4986:. UK.
4871:15 May
4775:
4320:
4316:
4308:2 July
4272:2 July
3841:
3808:
3764:
3696:
3663:
3651:
3630:
3587:
3502:
3472:
3444:
3377:
3338:
3309:
3301:
3256:
3248:
3180:
3125:"polo"
3095:Forbes
2978:
2966:"polo"
2899:
2795:Ladakh
2735:Jereed
2695:German
2573:, and
2260:. The
2073:Saddle
2055:mallet
2031:Mallet
1952:bamboo
1927:NOCSAE
1925:(UK),
1923:PAS015
1638:hockey
1472:Mexico
1464:Brazil
1332:Flores
1304:pampas
1298:, and
1252:Jaipur
1217:empire
1192:, the
1082:girths
1074:bamboo
1054:Imphal
878:Turkic
861:, and
851:Gilgit
793:Levant
682:Arabia
659:Gilgit
605:čowgān
598:) as "
596:Persia
588:kokpar
551:čowgān
538:Persia
483:is an
455:Persia
409:mallet
397:Persia
186:Origin
107:
100:
93:
86:
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78:
6107:Rodeo
6077:Coleo
5782:Palio
5250:'
4805:(PDF)
4798:(PDF)
4745:(PDF)
4738:(PDF)
4725:(PDF)
4718:(PDF)
4662:(PDF)
4655:(PDF)
4642:(PDF)
4635:(PDF)
4443:(PDF)
4432:(PDF)
4380:(PDF)
4373:(PDF)
4349:(PDF)
4338:(PDF)
4302:(PDF)
4291:(PDF)
4266:(PDF)
4255:(PDF)
4002:. In
3883:(PDF)
3876:(PDF)
3694:S2CID
3307:JSTOR
3254:JSTOR
3140:
2870:Road.
2781:is a
2779:Balti
2766:Notes
2730:Dakyu
2571:rugby
2529:bandy
2342:India
2332:Amman
2085:Polo
1849:reins
1837:hands
1729:Rules
1558:after
1541:(now
1468:Chile
1416:Jr.,
1296:Welsh
1288:Irish
1245:Samoa
1066:hands
954:Assam
913:Xi’an
859:Hunza
453:. In
333:Venue
256:Clubs
112:JSTOR
98:books
6402:Polo
6360:TREC
5871:Polo
5866:Pato
5861:Mata
5613:ASIN
5594:ISBN
5590:Polo
5560:2022
5530:2022
5500:2016
5470:2022
5434:ISBN
5403:2022
5372:2012
5346:2016
5298:2020
5268:2022
5234:2022
5208:2022
5182:2016
5156:2019
5126:2016
5100:2011
5074:2016
5048:2016
5022:2012
4996:2012
4950:2024
4925:2016
4899:2016
4873:2021
4843:2017
4813:2017
4773:ISBN
4753:2018
4705:2022
4670:2017
4622:2022
4600:2022
4567:2018
4541:2024
4512:2022
4481:2017
4451:2017
4388:2016
4310:2011
4274:2011
4238:2021
4208:2012
4182:2016
4156:2024
4126:2024
4096:2022
4069:2022
3977:2017
3947:2020
3921:2017
3891:2018
3857:2022
3839:ISBN
3824:2022
3806:ISBN
3780:2023
3762:ISBN
3741:2012
3710:2022
3661:ISBN
3649:ISBN
3628:ISBN
3585:ISBN
3564:2020
3532:2012
3500:ISBN
3470:ISBN
3442:ISBN
3423:2012
3397:link
3375:ISSN
3336:ISBN
3323:2022
3299:ISSN
3270:2022
3246:ISSN
3217:2022
3178:ISBN
3107:2018
3076:2018
3046:2012
3015:2008
2976:ISBN
2944:2022
2897:ISBN
2581:Pato
2527:and
2472:The
2302:and
2168:any
2166:cite
2035:The
1956:cork
1946:Ball
1833:pony
1752:any
1750:cite
1712:and
1696:Polo
1620:tack
1521:and
1199:The
1157:lit.
1135:lit.
1113:lit.
1080:and
1070:cane
945:pulu
939:polo
828:The
803:and
787:and
647:Iran
570:pulu
561:polo
417:goal
413:ball
401:Iran
369:Polo
304:Type
235:and
146:Polo
84:news
6182:and
5686:FEI
3686:doi
3367:doi
3291:doi
3238:doi
2519:as
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2328:UAE
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536:of
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272:Yes
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