553:
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40:
56:
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The tent has not been seen since Scott's party left it in
January 1912. Determining the present location of Amundsen's tent requires consideration of the precision of Amundsen's navigation in 1911, the flow of ice since then, and the amount of burial by intervening snow fall. The present location of
331:
On 17 December
Amundsen proceeded to his estimate of the true South Pole position, and took additional observations for 24 hours, two men standing watch for each observation, and co-signing each other's navigation books. Again, this was to ensure that there was no doubt as to the expedition attaining
285:
converge, eventually making a measure of longitude meaningless, as a degree of longitude will become smaller and smaller. At the pole itself, assuming one has accurate enough instruments, all meridians meet. Amundsen reasoned that the extra effort in obtaining longitude could be saved, and he focused
313:
Three members of the expedition were sent out from the current estimated position of the pole, one continuing on the current expedition track and two at right angles to this direction. Each skier continued 10 miles (16 km) and erected a spare sledge runner with a black flag and note for
309:
With the instruments he had, Amundsen estimated that he could determine the position of the pole by no better than a nautical mile (1.85 km). In order to ensure that there was no doubt that his expedition had in fact reached the South Pole, he determined to encircle, or "box" the pole.
373:
the tent (as of
December 2011) has been calculated to be 89° 58′ 51″ S, 46° 14′ E, with around 300 metres (980 feet) uncertainty in the position. It probably lies 17 m (56 ft) below the present snow surface.
359:
When
Amundsen's calculations were verified, it was found that his final camp lay within 2.3 km (2500 yards) of the mathematical South Pole. In addition, it had been ascertained that expedition member
3251:
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From these calculations, Amundsen determined that their current position was approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) from the mathematical South Pole point. This point had been "boxed" by the skiers.
609:
364:—one of the expedition members who had been skiing in a grid pattern between the 'box' markers—came to within 180 metres (200 yards) of the mathematical South Pole on one of his runs.
39:
426:
349:
The official expedition camera had been damaged en route to the pole, so the only photographs taken were from an amateur camera brought by expedition member Olav
Bjaaland.
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352:
On 18 December 1911, Amundsen's expedition left
Polheim, leaving behind his reserve tent, along with a letter for Scott and a letter intended for Scott to deliver to King
356:
in case
Amundsen failed to return. Both letters were later found with the bodies of Scott and his companions, and were further proof that Amundsen had attained the pole.
602:
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From these calculations, it was determined that they were still 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the pole, and two men were sent to erect additional pennants.
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the pole. Four out of the five men in the polar party were trained navigators, Olav
Bjaaland being the only one without such training.
262:
Due to the historical disputes over the claims of polar explorers prior to
Amundsen's expedition, particularly the competing claims of
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Finally, Amundsen added still more pennants to cover the remaining area. In this way, the pole had been boxed three times all told.
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when and if he arrived. Scott did not arrive until more than a month later. The note contained the position to
Amundsen's camp.
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30:
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had been damaged, observations were made with a sextant, the sun slowly circling the camp in 24 hours, and never setting.
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While the skiers erected the encircling markers, Amundsen took altitudes of the sun for fixing his position. Since his
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published in two volumes in 1912–1913. The work was translated into English by A. G. Chater, and published as
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891:
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457:"The present location of the tent that Roald Amundsen left behind at the South Pole in December 1911"
303:
306:, Hinks put forward this theory when discussing the subject of determining positions near the Pole.
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242:"So we plant you, dear flag, on the South Pole, and give the plain on which it lies the name
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The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the "Fram," 1910–1912
216:. He arrived there on 14 December 1911, along with four other members of his expedition:
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2017:
2012:
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267:
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1980:
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979:
687:
254:
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1813:
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353:
322:
271:
213:
151:
147:
142:
76:
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105:
92:
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1969:
1521:
1304:
282:
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695:
387:
287:
4325:
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1858:
1336:
1312:
1300:
44:
Amundsen (at left) and companions at Polheim, South Pole, December 1911
4498:
4358:
4226:
1937:
1262:
295:
240:
At the first estimated position of the South Pole, Amundsen declared
134:
714:
345:
Scott (at left) and companions at Polheim, South Pole, January 1912.
274:
first, Amundsen took special care in making his polar observations.
4254:
1323:
298:
in November 1909, given by the British astronomer and geographer,
290:. Amundsen had adopted this strategy after attending a lecture at
4413:
3839:
2514:
756:
718:
591:
4409:
541:
4876:
4775:
4739:
4696:
4640:
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4512:
4447:
4339:
4271:
4253:
4225:
4207:
4174:
4156:
4138:
4115:
4092:
4059:
4036:
3873:
3492:
3223:
2810:
2550:
1923:
1454:
1299:
797:
671:
625:
195:
187:
172:
157:
141:
121:
21:
4747:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
302:. In his lecture on Surveying and Cartography at
4425:
3851:
730:
603:
499:Roald Amundsen wrote about the expedition in
212:'s name for his camp (the first ever) at the
8:
4509:
4432:
4418:
4410:
3858:
3844:
3836:
2524:
2511:
766:
753:
737:
723:
715:
610:
596:
588:
18:
472:
3795:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
340:
3370:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
548:
404:
186:
156:
120:
85:
48:
36:
431:(Archives in London and the M25 area)"
194:
171:
140:
7:
5016:1911 disestablishments in Antarctica
4938:
62:
3156:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1353:Norse colonization of North America
2685:United States Exploring Expedition
680:Comparison with Scott's expedition
14:
5011:1911 establishments in Antarctica
3759:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3127:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
383:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
281:(or North Pole) the meridians of
5006:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4937:
4928:
4927:
4687:
3653:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3046:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
619:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
575:
563:
551:
455:Orheim, Olav (21 January 2011).
429:Hinks, Arthur Robert (1873–1945)
127:
61:
54:
38:
292:The Royal Geographical Society
1:
3032:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2967:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
531:(Modern Library Exploration)
517:(Hodder & Stoughton Ltd)
507:. (London: John Murray. 1912)
393:List of Antarctic Field Camps
3389:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3205:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3011:French Antarctic Expeditions
2941:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2827:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
945:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
2474:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2153:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1018:Andrée's balloon expedition
5032:
1675:Franklin's lost expedition
1375:Christian IV's expeditions
176:18 December 1911
161:14 December 1911
4923:
4685:
3867:Field camps in Antarctica
2527:
2523:
2510:
2029:Great Northern Expedition
1705:Rae–Richardson expedition
905:British Arctic Expedition
769:
765:
752:
474:10.1017/S0032247410000719
208:("Home at the Pole") was
86:
49:
37:
28:
4597:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3313:British Antarctic Survey
3307:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2552:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
527:Huntford, Roland (1999)
4074:Refuge Astronomer Cruls
3963:Francisco de Gurruchaga
3789:Pole of inaccessibility
3452:Antarctic Treaty System
1793:2nd Grinnell expedition
529:The Last Place on Earth
415:(Store norske leksikon)
75:Location of Polheim in
5001:Outposts of Antarctica
346:
143:Location in Antarctica
3459:Transglobe Expedition
3358:Operation Deep Freeze
2767:Challenger expedition
1633:Coppermine expedition
1154:Drifting ice stations
344:
279:Geographic South Pole
4023:Virgen de las Nieves
3913:Capitán Caillet-Bois
304:Cambridge University
270:to have reached the
4973: /
4910:Robert Falcon Scott
4567:South magnetic pole
4525:Antarctic Peninsula
4520:Biogeographic realm
3958:Florentino Ameghino
3629:South magnetic pole
2295:Brusilov expedition
1404:Danish colonization
842:North magnetic pole
316:Robert Falcon Scott
300:Arthur Robert Hinks
259:flag were planted.
102: /
4977:90.0000°S 0.0000°E
4848:Telecommunications
4762:Territorial claims
4235:Borchgrevink’s Hut
3968:General San Martín
3320:Operation Windmill
3301:Operation Highjump
2276:Rusanov expedition
2181:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1925:North East Passage
1729:McClure expedition
515:Scott and Amundsen
347:
106:90.0000°S 0.0000°E
4956:
4955:
4915:Ernest Shackleton
4843:Research stations
4788:Antarctic English
4757:National programs
4752:Military activity
4726:COVID-19 pandemic
4683:
4682:
4552:Floristic Kingdom
4457:Antarctic sea ice
4407:
4406:
4281:Blaicklock Island
3923:Capitán Estivariz
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3287:Operation Tabarin
3149:Far Eastern Party
2995:Nimrod Expedition
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2065:M. Pronchishcheva
1987:Siberian Cossacks
1456:Northwest Passage
789:Research stations
746:Polar exploration
712:
711:
537:978-0-375-75474-6
523:978-0-340-19565-9
203:
202:
5023:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4982:-90.0000; 0.0000
4978:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4941:
4940:
4931:
4930:
4905:James Clark Ross
4877:Famous explorers
4691:
4510:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4411:
4321:Shackleton's Hut
4125:Gutiérrez Vargas
3993:Martín Güemes II
3860:
3853:
3846:
3837:
3334:Ronne Expedition
2819:
2813:
2677:Dumont d'Urville
2525:
2512:
2060:V. Pronchishchev
767:
754:
739:
732:
725:
716:
705:
698:
691:
682:
664:
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643:
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612:
605:
598:
589:
580:
579:
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567:
566:
556:
555:
554:
547:
511:Huntford, Roland
487:
486:
476:
452:
446:
445:
443:
442:
433:. Archived from
423:
417:
409:
277:Approaching the
183:
181:
168:
166:
137:
133:
131:
130:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
111:-90.0000; 0.0000
107:
103:
100:
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98:
95:
65:
64:
58:
42:
19:
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4990:
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4979:
4975:
4972:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4952:
4919:
4889:Richard E. Byrd
4872:
4833:Protected areas
4771:
4735:
4692:
4679:
4636:
4590:Bodies of Water
4585:
4574:West Antarctica
4530:East Antarctica
4508:
4443:
4438:
4408:
4403:
4335:
4267:
4249:
4221:
4203:
4170:
4152:
4134:
4111:
4088:
4055:
4046:Edgeworth David
4032:
3998:Nogal de Saldán
3988:Martín Güemes I
3943:Cristo Redentor
3918:Capitán Cobbett
3888:Abrazo de Maipú
3869:
3864:
3834:
3821:
3496:
3488:
3364:McMurdo Station
3233:Modern research
3231:
3219:
2954:O. Nordenskjöld
2817:
2811:
2806:
2722:Ross expedition
2546:
2519:
2498:
1927:
1919:
1460:Northern Canada
1458:
1450:
1303:
1295:
801:
793:
761:
748:
743:
713:
708:
701:
694:
685:
678:
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653:
646:
639:
632:
621:
616:
586:
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552:
550:
542:
496:
494:Further reading
491:
490:
454:
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438:
425:
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410:
406:
401:
379:
370:
244:King Haakon VII
238:
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45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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5019:
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5013:
5008:
5003:
4993:
4992:
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4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4935:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4899:Ui-te-Rangiora
4896:
4894:Douglas Mawson
4891:
4886:
4884:Roald Amundsen
4880:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4823:Gateway cities
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4783:Antarctica Day
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4655:
4653:Microorganisms
4650:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4617:List of rivers
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Extreme points
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4467:Climate change
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4311:Peggotty Bluff
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4273:United Kingdom
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:Cap Prud'homme
4186:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4148:Cap Prud'homme
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:Balduino Rambo
4065:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3928:Capitán Fliess
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3908:Caleta Péndulo
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3781:Vostok Station
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3732:Cherry-Garrard
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3572:Southern Cross
3568:
3567:
3566:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3502:
3500:
3494:Farthest South
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3404:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3366:
3361:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3309:
3304:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3191:Ross Sea party
3187:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3152:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2885:Southern Cross
2878:Southern Cross
2874:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2822:
2820:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2743:
2737:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2624:Bellingshausen
2614:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2483:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1931:
1929:Russian Arctic
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1371:
1366:
1364:Snæbjörn galti
1361:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1266:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1000:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
965:
964:
963:
958:
953:
941:
940:
939:
934:
929:
921:
916:
901:
900:
899:
894:
889:
872:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
807:
805:
799:Farthest North
795:
794:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
770:
763:
762:
757:
750:
749:
744:
742:
741:
734:
727:
719:
710:
709:
707:
706:
699:
692:
683:
675:
673:
669:
668:
666:
665:
658:
651:
648:Helmer Hanssen
644:
637:
634:Roald Amundsen
629:
627:
623:
622:
617:
615:
614:
607:
600:
592:
585:
584:
572:
560:
558:Earth sciences
540:
539:
525:
508:
495:
492:
489:
488:
467:(3): 268–270.
447:
418:
413:Roald Amundsen
403:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
378:
375:
369:
366:
362:Helmer Hanssen
264:Frederick Cook
237:
234:
218:Helmer Hanssen
210:Roald Amundsen
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
174:
170:
169:
159:
155:
154:
145:
139:
138:
123:
119:
118:
84:
83:
74:
68:
67:
60:
59:
53:
52:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:Antarctic Camp
29:
26:
25:
22:
16:Antarctic Camp
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5028:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4989:
4986:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4936:
4934:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4828:Midwinter Day
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4767:Treaty System
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4690:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4622:McMurdo Sound
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4430:
4428:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Union Glacier
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4384:Patriot Hills
4382:
4380:
4379:Odell Glacier
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4349:Beacon Valley
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4341:United States
4338:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:Discovery Hut
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Browning Pass
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4130:Boonen Rivera
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3953:El Plumerillo
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
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3338:
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3336:
3335:
3331:
3327:
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3310:
3308:
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3298:
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3256:
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3242:
3239:
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3119:
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2924:
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2913:
2912:Discovery Hut
2910:
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2903:
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2901:
2900:
2896:
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2493:
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2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2442:A. Sibiryakov
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:Glavsevmorput
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2383:
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2328:
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2319:
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2299:
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2264:
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2259:
2256:
2254:
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2249:
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2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2230:
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2228:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1909:
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1903:
1902:
1897:
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1876:
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1871:
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1855:
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1797:
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1776:
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1757:
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1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1716:J. Richardson
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
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1665:
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1657:
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1640:
1637:
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1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
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1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:M. Corte-Real
1476:
1474:
1473:G. Corte-Real
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:C. Richardson
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:Georgiy Sedov
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:Riiser-Larsen
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:
977:
976:
975:
974:
972:
966:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
946:
942:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
927:
922:
920:
917:
915:
914:
909:
908:
907:
906:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:
883:
882:
881:
880:
878:
873:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
844:
843:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
804:
800:
796:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
764:
760:
755:
751:
747:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:
717:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
689:
684:
681:
677:
676:
674:
670:
663:
662:Oscar Wisting
659:
656:
655:Sverre Hassel
652:
649:
645:
642:
641:Olav Bjaaland
638:
635:
631:
630:
628:
624:
620:
613:
608:
606:
601:
599:
594:
593:
590:
583:
573:
571:
561:
559:
549:
545:
538:
534:
530:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
509:
506:
502:
498:
497:
493:
484:
480:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
451:
448:
437:on 2012-03-02
436:
432:
430:
422:
419:
416:
414:
408:
405:
398:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
376:
374:
367:
365:
363:
357:
355:
350:
343:
339:
336:
333:
329:
326:
324:
319:
317:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
256:
251:
247:
245:
235:
233:
231:
230:Sverre Hassel
227:
226:Oscar Wisting
223:
222:Olav Bjaaland
219:
215:
211:
207:
198:
190:
175:
160:
153:
149:
146:
144:
136:
124:
115:
87:Coordinates:
78:
57:
41:
32:
27:
20:
4958:
4813:Firefighting
4798:Demographics
4721:Colonization
4716:World War II
4374:Marble Point
4369:Lower Erebus
4364:Lake Fryxell
4354:Cape Roberts
4306:Oxford Cliff
4291:Cape Roberts
4244:
4217:Cape Roberts
4194:Cape Roberts
4166:Cape Roberts
4051:Cape Roberts
3893:Antonio Moro
3883:17 de Agosto
3787:
3775:Pole of Cold
3773:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3658:
3651:
3627:
3598:
3584:
3578:Borchgrevink
3570:
3557:
3542:
3522:
3507:
3476:
3457:
3450:
3434:
3420:
3411:
3394:
3387:
3368:
3356:
3332:
3318:
3311:
3299:
3285:
3271:
3257:
3250:
3211:
3203:
3189:
3182:
3180:
3162:
3154:
3147:
3134:
3125:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3051:
3044:
3030:
3018:Pourquoi-Pas
3017:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2988:Orcadas Base
2986:
2978:
2965:
2959:C. A. Larsen
2947:
2939:
2925:
2918:
2905:
2897:
2891:Borchgrevink
2884:
2876:
2833:
2825:
2800:C. A. Larsen
2793:
2774:
2765:
2747:
2729:
2720:
2707:
2692:
2683:
2670:
2631:
2617:
2610:
2591:
2576:
2486:
2479:
2462:
2455:
2441:
2426:
2412:
2399:
2374:
2360:
2358:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2300:
2293:
2274:
2240:
2238:
2224:
2222:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2172:
2170:
2151:
2027:
1985:
1968:
1936:
1900:
1898:
1878:
1877:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1829:
1814:
1800:
1791:
1778:
1749:
1737:Investigator
1736:
1727:
1703:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1660:
1631:
1608:
1593:
1578:
1548:
1533:
1503:
1422:
1402:
1373:
1369:Erik the Red
1351:
1329:
1322:
1279:submersibles
1276:
1270:Arktika 2007
1268:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1235:
1226:
1223:
1204:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1159:
1152:
1128:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1069:
1067:
1038:
1035:
1024:S. A. Andrée
1016:
1003:
978:
970:
967:
943:
925:
912:
903:
885:
876:
874:
840:
702:
686:
626:Participants
528:
514:
504:
500:
464:
461:Polar Record
460:
450:
439:. Retrieved
435:the original
428:
421:
412:
407:
371:
358:
351:
348:
337:
334:
330:
327:
320:
312:
308:
276:
268:Robert Peary
261:
253:
246:'s Plateau."
241:
239:
236:Calculations
205:
204:
69:Polheim Camp
23:Polheim Camp
4980: /
4901:(legendary)
4808:Field camps
4706:Expeditions
4632:Weddell Sea
4612:Lake Vostok
4607:Lake Mercer
4479:Ice shelves
4399:WAIS Divide
4316:Scott's Hut
4296:Damoy Point
4286:Cape Reclus
4209:Netherlands
4107:Sally Rocks
4013:San Nicolás
3478:Lake Vostok
3428:Tryoshnikov
3350:Schlossbach
3241:Christensen
3183:James Caird
3104:E. R. Evans
2870:Dobrowolski
2840:de Gerlache
2542:Expeditions
2428:Aviaarktika
2382:Samoylovich
2253:Kolomeitsev
2147:Middendorff
2107:Gedenshtrom
1527:I. Fyodorov
1289:Chilingarov
1177:E. Fyodorov
784:Expeditions
158:Established
109: /
4995:Categories
4965:90°00′00″S
4711:Heroic Age
4562:South Pole
4472:Heat waves
4441:Antarctica
4389:Siple Dome
3983:Livingston
3973:Granaderos
3948:Dorian Bay
3938:Corrientes
3701:Terra Nova
3606:Shackleton
3549:J. C. Ross
3508:Resolution
3498:South Pole
3273:New Swabia
3197:Mackintosh
3169:Shackleton
3088:Terra Nova
3081:Terra Nova
2815:Heroic Age
2775:Challenger
2735:J. C. Ross
2645:Bransfield
2577:Resolution
2492:icebreaker
2456:Chelyuskin
2197:expedition
2175:Expedition
2117:Matyushkin
2075:Kh. Laptev
2070:Chelyuskin
1964:Heemskerck
1954:Chancellor
1949:Willoughby
1944:Koch boats
1887:Stefansson
1821:McClintock
1785:Inglefield
1627:J. C. Ross
1534:Resolution
1386:Cunningham
1284:Sagalevich
973:expedition
932:Stephenson
892:C. F. Hall
879:expedition
853:J. C. Ross
816:Heemskerck
803:North Pole
441:2011-02-14
399:References
354:Haakon VII
323:theodolite
272:North Pole
214:South Pole
191:Transitory
180:1911-12-18
165:1911-12-14
152:Antarctica
148:South Pole
94:90°00′00″S
77:Antarctica
4968:0°00′00″E
4863:Transport
4602:Lake CECs
4579:ice sheet
4535:ice sheet
4504:Volcanoes
4494:Mountains
4449:Geography
4331:South Ice
4038:Australia
4018:San Roque
3933:Chacabuco
3875:Argentina
3800:Tolstikov
3586:Discovery
3556:HMS
3541:HMS
3523:Adventure
3521:HMS
3506:HMS
3442:Tolstikov
3163:Endurance
2948:Antarctic
2933:Drygalski
2906:Discovery
2899:Discovery
2860:Arctowski
2773:HMS
2746:HMS
2740:Abernethy
2728:HMS
2706:USS
2693:Vincennes
2691:USS
2671:Astrolabe
2611:San Telmo
2592:Adventure
2590:HMS
2575:HMS
2570:Kerguelen
2532:Continent
2517:Antarctic
2394:Urvantsev
2352:Vilkitsky
2205:Jeannette
2203:USS
2195:Jeannette
2159:Weyprecht
2137:Pakhtusov
2087:Chichagov
2080:D. Laptev
2023:Permyakov
1998:Stadukhin
1993:Perfilyev
1970:Mangazeya
1908:H. Larsen
1873:Rasmussen
1828:HMS
1799:USS
1748:HMS
1735:HMS
1699:Collinson
1689:HMS
1681:HMS
1659:HMS
1607:HMS
1592:HMS
1577:HMS
1562:Mackenzie
1549:Discovery
1547:HMS
1532:HMS
1504:Discovery
1483:Frobisher
1446:Rasmussen
1359:Gunnbjörn
1305:Greenland
1234:USS
1225:USS
1097:Ellsworth
1039:Roosevelt
969:Nansen's
926:Discovery
924:HMS
911:HMS
858:Abernethy
826:Marmaduke
570:Geography
483:129072928
283:longitude
250:Norwegian
248:Both the
199:Abandoned
173:Evacuated
97:0°00′00″E
4933:Category
4838:Religion
4740:Politics
4658:Wildlife
4627:Ross Sea
4489:Glaciers
4240:Framheim
4102:Academia
4094:Bulgaria
3978:Groussac
3812:A. Fuchs
3769:V. Fuchs
3749:McKinley
3712:E. Evans
3671:Bjaaland
3666:Amundsen
3616:Marshall
3529:Furneaux
3381:V. Fuchs
3345:E. Ronne
3340:F. Ronne
3279:Ritscher
3133:SY
3121:Filchner
3065:Framheim
3059:Amundsen
2865:Racoviță
2850:Amundsen
2845:Lecointe
2714:Ringgold
2708:Porpoise
2598:Furneaux
2434:Shevelev
2389:Begichev
2368:Amundsen
2330:Nagórski
2308:Brusilov
2302:Sv. Anna
2216:Melville
2186:Palander
2142:Tsivolko
2102:Sannikov
2097:Billings
2040:Chirikov
1959:Barentsz
1901:St. Roch
1892:Bartlett
1866:Amundsen
1850:Sverdrup
1750:Resolute
1639:Franklin
1567:Kotzebue
1434:Sverdrup
1417:Scoresby
1391:Lindenov
1242:Plaisted
1227:Nautilus
1172:Shirshov
1146:Belyakov
1141:Baydukov
1115:Nautilus
1077:Amundsen
1037:SS
996:Sverdrup
991:Johansen
961:Brainard
956:Lockwood
811:Barentsz
696:Framheim
501:Sydpolen
388:Framheim
377:See also
368:The tent
288:latitude
4943:Commons
4858:Tourism
4803:Economy
4776:Society
4698:History
4668:Mammals
4557:Islands
4513:Regions
4484:Geology
4462:Climate
4326:Sky Blu
4245:Polheim
4158:Germany
4084:Wiltgen
3817:Messner
3764:Hillary
3744:Balchen
3692:Polheim
3686:Wisting
3564:Crozier
3536:Weddell
3514:J. Cook
3484:Kapitsa
3465:Fiennes
3407:Klenova
3376:Hillary
3326:Ketchum
3252:BANZARE
3227:·
3072:Polheim
3038:Shirase
3024:Charcot
2834:Belgica
2753:Crozier
2665:Morrell
2660:Weddell
2638:Lazarev
2583:J. Cook
2537:History
2487:Arktika
2463:Krassin
2448:Voronin
2420:Schmidt
2406:Ushakov
2345:Vaygach
2313:Albanov
2282:Rusanov
2263:Kolchak
2258:Matisen
2232:Makarov
2211:De Long
2112:Wrangel
2092:Lyakhov
2045:Malygin
2003:Dezhnev
1830:Pandora
1801:Advance
1768:Kennedy
1763:Belcher
1756:Kellett
1743:McClure
1667:Beechey
1661:Blossom
1654:Simpson
1622:Crozier
1615:Hoppner
1572:J. Ross
1540:J. Cook
1488:Gilbert
1381:J. Hall
1347:Ingólfr
1337:Naddodd
1331:Vikings
1318:Brendan
1313:Pytheas
1301:Iceland
1255:Arktika
1247:Herbert
1212:Badygin
1182:Krenkel
1167:Papanin
1136:Chkalov
1122:Wilkins
1087:Wisting
1031:F. Cook
937:Markham
897:Bessels
886:Polaris
877:Polaris
848:J. Ross
831:Carolus
779:History
703:Polheim
544:Portals
513:(1979)
206:Polheim
178: (
163: (
122:Country
4540:shield
4499:Tundra
4359:Dome C
4227:Norway
4140:France
4079:Goeldi
4061:Brazil
4028:Yapeyú
3903:Cabral
3898:Ballvé
3727:Bowers
3722:Wilson
3681:Hassel
3676:Helmer
3645:Mackay
3635:Mawson
3600:Nimrod
3558:Terror
3543:Erebus
3470:Burton
3265:Rymill
3141:Mawson
3135:Aurora
3114:Lashly
3099:Wilson
3002:Nimrod
2979:Scotia
2786:Murray
2761:Cooper
2748:Terror
2730:Erebus
2699:Wilkes
2650:Palmer
2618:Vostok
2565:Bouvet
2489:-class
2469:Gakkel
2337:Taymyr
2318:Konrad
2287:Kuchin
2225:Yermak
2132:Lavrov
2050:Ovtsyn
2035:Bering
2013:Ivanov
1976:Hudson
1938:Pomors
1915:Cowper
1880:Karluk
1779:Isabel
1773:Bellot
1723:Austin
1691:Terror
1683:Erebus
1579:Griper
1555:Clerke
1515:Baffin
1498:Hudson
1429:Nansen
1342:Garðar
1263:Barneo
1130:ANT-25
1106:Italia
1082:Nobile
1051:Henson
1010:Amedeo
986:Nansen
951:Greely
821:Hudson
759:Arctic
672:Topics
582:Norway
535:
521:
481:
296:London
228:, and
196:Status
135:Norway
132:
4948:Index
4868:Women
4818:Flags
4793:Crime
4731:Years
4673:Krill
4663:Birds
4648:Flora
4263:Byers
4255:Spain
4199:Icaro
4176:Italy
4117:Chile
4008:Ortiz
3807:Crary
3754:Dufek
3717:Oates
3707:Scott
3640:David
3621:Adams
3592:Barne
3413:Mirny
3402:Somov
3212:Quest
3109:Crean
3094:Scott
2973:Bruce
2927:Gauss
2920:Gauss
2794:Jason
2781:Nares
2655:Davis
2632:Mirny
2605:Smith
2560:Roché
2480:Lenin
2400:Sadko
2325:Wiese
2270:Sedov
2241:Zarya
2164:Payer
2127:Litke
2122:Anjou
2055:Minin
2018:Vagin
2008:Popov
1981:Poole
1836:Young
1649:Dease
1594:Hecla
1585:Parry
1510:Bylot
1493:Davis
1468:Cabot
1441:Peary
1423:Jason
1410:Egede
1324:Papar
1236:Skate
1217:Wiese
1197:NP-37
1190:NP-36
1070:Norge
1058:Sedov
1046:Peary
1004:Jason
919:Nares
913:Alert
868:Hayes
836:Parry
774:Ocean
479:S2CID
4853:Time
4641:Life
3739:Byrd
3660:Fram
3611:Wild
3293:Marr
3259:BGLE
3246:Byrd
3174:Wild
3053:Fram
2855:Cook
2376:AARI
2361:Maud
2248:Toll
2173:Vega
1859:Gjøa
1844:Fram
1807:Kane
1644:Back
1609:Fury
1600:Lyon
1522:Munk
1161:NP-1
1063:Byrd
980:Fram
971:Fram
863:Kane
688:Fram
533:ISBN
519:ISBN
266:and
255:Fram
252:and
188:Type
4003:Ona
3436:3rd
3422:2nd
3396:1st
3229:IGY
3225:IPY
1815:Fox
1711:Rae
1277:Mir
1253:NS
469:doi
294:in
286:on
4997::
2341:/
477:.
465:47
463:.
459:.
257:'s
232:.
224:,
220:,
4433:e
4426:t
4419:v
3859:e
3852:t
3845:v
2818:"
2812:"
2755:)
2751:(
2742:)
2733:(
738:e
731:t
724:v
611:e
604:t
597:v
546::
485:.
471::
444:.
427:"
182:)
167:)
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