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1099:, the N-24 and N-25, to 87° 44′ north. It was the northernmost latitude reached by plane up to that time. The aircraft landed a few miles apart without radio contact, yet the crews managed to reunite. The N-24 was damaged. Amundsen and his crew worked for more than three weeks to clean up an airstrip to take off from ice. They shovelled 600 tons of ice while consuming only one pound (450 g) of daily food rations. In the end, the six crew members were packed into the N-25. In a remarkable feat, Riiser-Larsen took off, and they barely became airborne over the cracking ice. They returned triumphant when everyone thought they had been lost forever.
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1014:, in the American Pacific Northwest in 1921 for repairs. Amundsen returned to Norway, needing to put his finances in order. He took with him two young indigenous girls, a four-year-old he adopted, Kakonita, and her companion Camilla. When Amundsen went bankrupt two years later, however, he sent the girls to be cared for by Camilla's father, who lived in eastern Russia.
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1236:. He met her in London in 1907 and they remained close for many years; Amundsen kept the relationship a secret from everyone outside his intimate circle. Later, he became engaged to Bess Magids, an American divorcée whom he had met in Alaska. Though there is little evidence, it was said that Amundsen had a brief affair with his landlady in
450:. His parents were Jens Amundsen and Hanna Sahlqvist. Roald was the fourth son in the family. His mother wanted him to avoid the family maritime trade and encouraged him to become a doctor, a promise that Amundsen kept until his mother died when he was aged 21. He promptly quit university for a life at sea.
1683:
analysis, with the families' permission, showed that
Ikuallaq was not a match to the direct male line of Amundsen. Not all descendants claiming European ancestry have been tested for a match to Amundsen, nor has there been a comparison of Ikuallaq's DNA to that of other European members of Amundsen's
1675:
Specifically, half-brothers Bob Konona and Paul
Ikuallaq say that their father Luke Ikuallaq told them on his deathbed that he was the son of Amundsen. Konona said that their father Ikuallaq was left out on the ice to die after his birth, as his European ancestry made him illegitimate to the Inuit,
1671:
At least two Inuit in Gjøa Haven with
European ancestry have claimed to be descendants of Amundsen, from the period of their extended winter stay on King William Island from 1903 to 1905. Accounts by members of the expedition told of their relations with Inuit women, and historians have speculated
1002:
After two winters frozen in the ice, without having achieved the goal of drifting over the North Pole, Amundsen decided to go to Nome to repair the ship and buy provisions. Several of the crew ashore there, including
Hanssen, did not return on time to the ship. Amundsen considered Hanssen to be in
783:
Using skis and dog sleds for transportation, Amundsen and his men created supply depots at 80°, 81° and 82° South on the
Barrier, along a line directly south to the Pole. Amundsen also planned to kill most of his dogs on the way and use them as a source for fresh meat. As he went he butchered
990:
During this time, Amundsen suffered a broken arm and was attacked by a polar bear. As a result, he participated little in the work outdoors, such as sleigh rides and hunting. He, Hanssen, and
Wisting, along with two other men, embarked on an expedition by dog sled to Nome, Alaska, more than 1,000
1025:, under the command of Wisting, was to resume the original plan to drift over the North Pole in the ice. The ship drifted in the ice for three years east of the New Siberian Islands, never reaching the North Pole. It was finally seized by Amundsen's creditors as collateral for his mounting debt.
1021:, which had been sailed to Nome. He decided to shift from the planned naval expedition to aerial ones, and arranged to charter a plane. He divided the expedition team in two: one part, led by him, was to winter over and prepare for an attempt to fly over the pole in 1923. The second team on
841:
Amundsen's expedition benefited from his careful preparation, good equipment, appropriate clothing, a simple primary task, an understanding of dogs and their handling, and the effective use of skis. In contrast to the misfortunes of Scott's team, Amundsen's trek proved relatively smooth and
2587:
940:. With him on this expedition were Oscar Wisting and Helmer Hanssen, both of whom had been part of the team to reach the South Pole. In addition, Henrik Lindstrøm was included as a cook. He suffered a stroke and was so physically reduced that he could not participate.
1855:, and thereby "lost" a day. Since the western and eastern hemispheres are conjoined at the South Pole, either date can be considered as correct, though Amundsen gives 14 December, both in his first telegraphed report on arrival in Hobart, and in his fuller account
628:
survival skills, which he found invaluable in his later expedition to the South Pole. For example, he learned to use sled dogs for the transport of goods and to wear animal skins in lieu of heavy, woolen parkas, which could not keep out the cold when wet.
675:, news that his traversing the Northwest Passage "was a great achievement for Norway". He said he hoped to do more and signed it "Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen". The crew returned to Oslo in November 1906, after almost three and a half years abroad.
1028:
Although they were unable to reach the North Pole, the scientific results of the expedition, mainly the work of
Sverdrup, have proven to be of considerable value. Much of the carefully collected scientific data was lost during the ill-fated journey of
979:. But, the ice became so thick that the ship was unable to break free, although it was designed for such a journey in heavy ice. In September 1919, the crew got the ship loose from the ice, but it froze again after eleven days somewhere between the
1223:
to search for the wreckage of
Amundsen's plane. The searches focused on a 40-square-mile (100 km) area of the sea floor, and were documented by the German production company ContextTV. They found nothing from the Amundsen flight.
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1247:
Author Julian
Sancton noted that in his younger years, Amundsen was said to have ignored romantic relationships in pursuit of his goals. He "found little use in activities that didn't help him fulfill his polar ambitions".
585:, to have flexibility. His ship had relatively shallow draft. His technique was to use a small ship and hug the coast. Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small 13 horsepower single-screw paraffin (diesel) engine.
823:, they arrived at the edge of the Polar Plateau on 21 November after a four-day climb. The team and 16 dogs arrived at the pole on 14 December, a month before Scott's group. Amundsen named their South Pole camp
1209:, and that Amundsen and his crew were killed in the wreck, or died shortly afterward. The search for Amundsen and team was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found.
1240:—until he came home and found her dead after an apparent suicide. His biographer Tor Bomann-Larsen also suggests a romantic relationship between Amundsen and Sigrid Castberg, wife of the lawyer Leif Castberg from
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and go into the ice farther to the north and east than Nansen had. In contrast to
Amundsen's earlier expeditions, this was expected to yield more material for academic research, and he carried the geophysicist
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796:, set out on 8 September, but had to abandon their trek due to extreme temperatures. The painful retreat caused a quarrel within the group, and Amundsen sent Johansen and the other two men to explore
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across the North Pole. When their aircraft was damaged, they abandoned the journey. To raise additional funds, Amundsen traveled around the United States in 1924 on a lecture tour.
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Amundsen was a lifelong bachelor, but he had a long-time relationship with the Norwegian-born Kristine Elisabeth ('Kiss') Bennett, the wife of an Englishman,
737:
had claimed to reach the North Pole as a result of two different expeditions, he decided to reroute to Antarctica. He was not clear about his intentions, and
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expedition was the first to the North Pole, Amundsen and Oscar Wisting were the first men to have reached both geographical poles, by ground or by air.
468:'s narratives of his overland Arctic expeditions. Amundsen wrote "I read them with a fervid fascination which has shaped the whole course of my life".
416:
became the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole. Amundsen disappeared in June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission for the airship
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Owing to Amundsen's numerous significant accomplishments in polar exploration, many places in both the Arctic and Antarctic are named after him. The
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660:. Amundsen traveled there overland to wire a success message on 5 December, then returned to Nome in 1906. Later that year he was elected to the
943:
The goal of the expedition was to explore the unknown areas of the Arctic Ocean, strongly inspired by Fridtjof Nansen's earlier expedition with
393:) before setting out for the pole in October. The party of five, led by Amundsen, became the first to reach the South Pole on 14 December 1911.
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as King Haakon VII's Plateau. They left a small tent and letter stating their accomplishment, in case they did not return safely to Framheim.
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In 1926, Amundsen and 15 other men (including Ellsworth, Riiser-Larsen, Oscar Wisting, and the Italian air crew led by aeronautical engineer
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1144:) are disputed by some, as being either of dubious accuracy or outrightly fraudulent. If these other claims are false, the crew of the
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Later, a wing-float and bottom gasoline tank from the plane, which had been adapted as a replacement wing-float, were found near the
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crater on the Moon was named after him; the rim of the crater is being considered by NASA as a potential landing location for their
1244:, in the years before the South Pole expedition, a relationship Amundsen broke off after that expedition in favour of Kiss Bennett.
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and Amundsen, departed base camp on 19 October. They took four sledges and 52 dogs. Using a route along the previously unknown
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1033:, two crew members sent on a mission by Amundsen. The scientific materials were later retrieved in 1922 by Russian scientist
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and the Norwegian supporters felt misled. Scott was planning his own expedition to the South Pole that year. Using the ship
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The team arrived at Framheim on 25 January 1912, with 11 surviving dogs. They made their way off the continent and to
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1889:"Østfold county, Borge in Borge, Parish register (official) nr. I 6 (1861–1874), Birth and baptism records 1872, page 114"
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by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat. In cases where citrus fruits are lacking, raw meat – particularly
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Amundsen disappeared on 18 June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission in the Arctic. His team included Norwegian pilot
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755:, Amundsen alerted his men that they would be heading to Antarctica, and sent a telegram to Scott: "Beg to inform you
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410:, Amundsen began planning for an aerial expedition instead. On 12 May 1926, Amundsen and 15 other men in the airship
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some of the dogs and fed them to the remaining dogs, as well as eating some himself. A small group, including
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838:, Australia, where Amundsen publicly announced his success on 7 March 1912. He telegraphed news to backers.
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was frozen in the western Bering Strait. She finally became free and the expedition sailed south, reaching
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would be the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole, when they floated over it in the
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776:. Amundsen eschewed the heavy wool clothing worn on earlier Antarctic attempts in favour of adopting
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in the Arctic. The search for his remains, which have not been found, was called off that September.
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733:. Finding it difficult to raise funds, when he heard in 1909 that the Americans Frederick Cook and
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on Alaska's Pacific coast. The nearest telegraph station was 500 mi (800 km) away in
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Gerhard Stäblein u. a. (1978), "Traditionen und aktuelle Aufgaben der Polarforschung",
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on 11 May 1926, flew over the North Pole on 12 May, and landed in Alaska the following day.
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of 1897–1899. From 1903 to 1906, he led the first expedition to successfully traverse the
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that Amundsen might also have taken a partner, although he wrote a warning against this.
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kilometres (620 mi) away. But they found that the ice was not frozen solid in the
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Madhouse at the End of the Earth: The Belgica’s Journey into the Dark Antarctic Night.
1982:
1714:
The North-West Passage; Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the Ship "Gjöa"
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The North-West Passage; Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the Ship "Gjöa"
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neighbourhood an occasional childhood playmate of the pioneering Antarctica explorer
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2185:"The secret of how Amundsen beat Scott in race to south pole? A diet of raw penguin"
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Returned on 24 October 1917 in protest of Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare.
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Roald Amundsen's Belgica Diary: the first Scientific Expedition to the Antarctic
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2104:"This small rock holds the story of Antarctic exploration before the Heroic Age"
2046:"Flying to the North Pole in an Airship Was Easy. Returning Wouldn't Be So Easy"
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the autumn of 1906...Amundsen received The Grand Cross of the Order of St Olav
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The three previous claims to have arrived at the North Pole, by the Americans
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and drift towards the North Pole – as Nansen had done with the
729:
Amundsen next planned to take an expedition to the North Pole and explore the
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trip from San Francisco on a bulk carrier, she was placed on land outside the
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538:
514:, whether by mistake or design, became locked in the sea ice at 70°30′S off
481:
447:
3240:(in Swedish). Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography. August 2018.
1800:
1241:
1202:
770:, on 14 January 1911. Amundsen established his base camp there, calling it
762:
Nearly six months later, the expedition arrived at the eastern edge of the
1724:
South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the "Fram"
687:
in Oslo, where she is now situated inside her own building at the museum.
549:
525:
By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, the American
6657:
3975:
3702:
3266:
1054:
1038:
960:
771:
382:
349:, Norway, Amundsen began his career as a polar explorer as first mate on
3604:
The Last Viking: The Life of Roald Amundsen: conqueror of the South Pole
438:
Amundsen was born into a family of Norwegian shipowners and captains in
430:
7284:
6664:
5451:
4929:
4905:
4893:
2220:
A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland
1625:
tells the story of the Nobile expedition and Amundsen's disappearance.
1353:
1335:
1237:
1107:
1011:
948:
885: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
824:
752:
580:
363:
3370:"NASA Identifies Candidate Regions for Landing Next Americans on Moon"
5530:
4855:
3847:
3484:"Polar explorer's descendant finds Nunavut relatives | CBC News"
3164:(in Norwegian) (3rd, revised ed.). Oslo: Cappelen. p. 172.
1958:
1484:
1266:
835:
766:(then known as "the Great Ice Barrier"), at a large inlet called the
625:
530:
4307:
3639:
The Last Place on Earth: Scott and Amundsen's Race to the South Pole
2584:"South Pole conqueror Roald Amundsen won air race to the North Pole"
3698:
3427:"Tv View; 'the Last Place on Earth' – Not Just About the Antarctic"
2643:
2421:"Roald Amundsen: Essay prepared for The Encyclopedia of the Arctic"
2369:
The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition ..
1190:
had crashed while returning from the North Pole. Amundsen's French
7559:
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in international waters
4916:
1680:
1585:
1163:
1048:
912:
777:
708:
700:
548:
534:
480:
464:
When he was fifteen years old, Amundsen was enthralled by reading
429:
936:
was carefully navigated through the ice west to east through the
620:. During this time, Amundsen and the crew learned from the local
522:. The crew endured a winter for which they were poorly prepared.
3349:
Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station – National Science Foundation.
3126:"Grande Médaille D'or des Explorations et Voyades de Découverte"
3063:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
1604:, was jointly named in honour of Amundsen and his British rival
563:
In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to traverse Canada's
499:
as first mate at the age of 25 in 1897. This expedition, led by
6107:
4349:
4311:
3762:
1676:
threatening their community. His Inuit grandparents saved him.
510:, became the first expedition to overwinter in Antarctica. The
389:
and a series of supply depots on the Barrier (now known as the
3571:
The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian expedition in the
2692:"The disastrous Latham-47 Polar rescue, from Caudebec-en-Caux"
1217:
854:
671:, and that he had a new king. The explorer sent the new king,
269:
3758:
2934:. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing. pp. 72–73, 117, 139.
2162:. Houghton Mifflin Reference Books. 2003. pp. 43, 1696.
251:
3625:
Umberto Nobile and the Arctic Search for the Airship Italia
2293:
Roald Amundsen and the Exploration of the Northwest Passage
2008:
2006:
1061:
The 1923 attempt to fly over the Pole failed. Amundsen and
292:
257:
1741:
Nordost Passagen: Maudfaerden Langs Asiens Kyst 1918–1920
1402:
Grand Gold Medal of Exploration and Journeys of Discovery
995:, and it could not be crossed. They sent a telegram from
3320:"Congressional Gold Medal Recipients: (1776 to Present)"
1653:
On 15 February 2019, a biographic Norwegian film titled
1037:
from where they had been abandoned on the shores of the
54:
This article is about the explorer. For other uses, see
959:
The voyage was to the northeasterly direction over the
926:
In 1918, an expedition Amundsen began with a new ship,
34:
3293:"American Geographical Society: Charles P. Daly Medal"
751:, Amundsen left Oslo for the south on 3 June 1910. At
575:
oceans. He planned a small expedition of six men in a
7474:
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star
3618:
From Pole to Pole: Roald Amundsen's Journey in Flight
1758:
Our Polar Flight: The Amundsen–Ellsworth Polar Flight
1003:
breach of contract, and dismissed him from the crew.
298:
295:
266:
260:
2651:
DIO, the International Journal of Scientific History
2644:"Byrd's Heroic 1926 Flight & Its Faked Last Leg"
263:
7085:
6816:
6403:
6143:
5516:
5047:
4892:
4390:
4225:
4124:
4088:
4045:
3989:
3938:
3861:
3796:
2528:"Roald Amundsen and the 1925 North Pole Expedition"
1699:. Vol. 1. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co. 1908.
1205:coast. It is assumed that the plane crashed in the
652:. It had to stop for the winter before going on to
289:
254:
248:
217:
170:
143:
135:
123:
97:
72:
7564:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1928
4096:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
3128:(in French). Société de géographie. Archived from
1820:List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
1717:. Vol. 2. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co. 1908.
669:dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
2611:True North: Peary, Cook, and the Race to the Pole
2577:
2575:
2513:The Last Journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen
2257:"MemberListA | American Antiquarian Society"
2145:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & company.
846:North Polar Expeditions and the Northeast Passage
803:A second attempt, with a team of five made up of
338:. He was a key figure of the period known as the
2331:Antarctica: Exploration, Perception and Metaphor
1815:Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott expeditions
396:Following a failed attempt in 1918 to reach the
3592:First published in 1912 by John Murray, London.
1106:) made the first crossing of the Arctic in the
61:"Amundsen" redirects here. For other uses, see
7554:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
2223:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 298.
1092:and two other team members, Amundsen took two
632:Leaving Gjoa Haven, he sailed west and passed
4323:
3774:
8:
7549:Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Italy)
2761:"Famous Antarctic Explorers: Roald Amundsen"
2160:The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography
7524:Recipients of the Medal of Aeronautic Valor
7504:Members of the American Antiquarian Society
3536:"Roald Amundsen Descendants in Gjoa Haven?"
2724:Arctic Obsession: The Lure of the Far North
1843:Some sources give the date as 15 December.
18:
7539:Recipients of the Medal of Merit (Denmark)
7534:Grand Crosses of the Order of Franz Joseph
6117:
6104:
4359:
4346:
4330:
4316:
4308:
3858:
3781:
3767:
3759:
3720:
3691:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2426:. University of Washington. Archived from
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2154:
2152:
947:. The plan was to sail along the coast of
636:, which had been reached from the west by
371:. He left Norway in June 1910 on the ship
80:
69:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1582:List of things named after Roald Amundsen
901:Learn how and when to remove this message
381:in January 1911. His party established a
367:. In 1909, Amundsen began planning for a
7388:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
3746:Newspaper clippings about Roald Amundsen
3158:; Storm, Henning; Solheim, John (1957).
2884:. History Press. pp. 189, 355–358.
2657:: 69–76, also pages 54, 84–88, 99, 105.
2212:
2210:
2071:
2069:
2067:
1920:"Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden"
679:was returned to Norway in 1972. After a
24:This is an accepted version of this page
7529:Scandinavian explorers of North America
6963:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
3620:. (New York, Skyhorse Publishing, 2014)
3531:
3529:
3527:
3035:(in Norwegian), 1922, pp. 253–54,
2076:Thomas, Henry; Dana Lee Thomas (1972).
1926:(in Norwegian), 1910, pp. 907–08,
1880:
1836:
1317:: Grand Cross of the Imperial Austrian
20:
7544:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
3324:United States House of Representatives
3029:"Diktere, kunstnere og videnskapsmenn"
2477:"The Northern Explorer Roald Amundsen"
1397:National Order of the Legion of Honour
1283:Commemorative Medal for the 1910–1911
3465:from the original on 5 September 2019
3425:O'Connor, John J. (20 October 1985).
3273:from the original on 19 November 2021
3215:from the original on 18 November 2021
3039:from the original on 18 November 2021
2981:"Lindstrøm, Adolf Henrik (1866-1939)"
2672:from the original on 14 February 2012
2082:. Ayer Publishing. pp. 196–201.
1930:from the original on 17 November 2021
1775:The First Flight Across the Polar Sea
1212:In 2004 and in late August 2009, the
537:– from animals often contains enough
434:Roald Amundsen as a young boy in 1875
310:
7:
4287:
3380:from the original on 2 November 2022
3330:from the original on 17 January 2018
3247:from the original on 4 December 2020
2406:
2237:from the original on 19 January 2023
1140:in 1926 (just a few days before the
1045:Aerial expeditions to the North Pole
975: – and he did so off
883:adding citations to reliable sources
640:in 1852. Continuing to the south of
51:Norwegian polar explorer (1872–1928)
7469:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
6749:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
4946:Norse colonization of North America
3665:Scott and Amundsen: Duel in the Ice
3414:– via www.rottentomatoes.com.
2959:. Crown/Random House. p. 149.
2590:from the original on 19 August 2020
1895:from the original on 6 October 2013
1450:1878 Alexander von Humboldt Medal,
1296:Medal for Outstanding Civic Service
1272:Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian
1017:In June 1922, Amundsen returned to
340:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
6278:United States Exploring Expedition
3674:(New York, Crown Publishing, 2021)
3580:. London: C. Hurst & Company.
3490:from the original on 14 April 2019
3406:from the original on 26 March 2019
3073:from the original on 10 April 2021
2015:"Who Was First at the North Pole?"
2013:Tierney, John (7 September 2009).
759:proceeding Antarctic – Amundsen."
234:Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen
102:Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen
49:
7479:Norwegian explorers of Antarctica
7352:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
6720:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
3667:. (London, Haus Publishing, 2007)
3211:(in Swedish), 1915, p. 726,
2794:from the original on 12 June 2012
2702:from the original on 25 June 2021
2526:Kenneth P. Czech (12 June 2006).
2267:from the original on 3 April 2019
1640:, was adapted into the TV serial
1598:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
1591:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
963:. Amundsen planned to freeze the
713:The Three Polar Stars: Amundsen,
616:, in the harbor of what is today
7454:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
7246:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
6639:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4286:
4277:
4276:
4036:
3737:Works by or about Roald Amundsen
3706:
3649:. London and Sydney: Pan Books.
3627:. (Stroud, Fonthill Media, 2017)
3437:from the original on 24 May 2015
3299:from the original on 22 May 2018
3161:Norge under Haakon VII 1905–1957
2957:Madhouse at the End of the Earth
2642:Rawlins, Dennis (January 2000).
2534:from the original on 16 May 2019
2195:from the original on 4 June 2023
1667:European-Inuit descendant claims
1646:. It aired in 1985 and features
1535:
1513:
1477:
1459:
1430:
1413:
1381:
1346:
1328:
1307:
1259:
859:
705:Norwegian flag at the South Pole
697:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
285:
244:
223:
3368:Potter, Sean (19 August 2022).
3168:from the original on 2 May 2023
2898:from the original on 2 May 2023
2859:from the original on 2 May 2023
2782:Rincon, Paul (24 August 2009).
2741:from the original on 2 May 2023
2348:from the original on 2 May 2023
2217:Derry, Thomas Kingston (1979).
2183:Ferguson, Donna (16 May 2021).
2052:from the original on 4 May 2022
2044:Holland, Eva (18 August 2017).
2025:from the original on 4 May 2022
1851:shortly before arriving at the
1743:. Kristiania: Gyldendal. 1921.
1602:United States Antarctic Program
1124:Controversy over Polar Priority
870:needs additional citations for
529:, probably saved the crew from
56:Roald Amundsen (disambiguation)
3569:; Chater, A.G. (tr.) (1976) .
3545:, Fram Museum, 27 January 2012
3509:"Vi er Amundsens etterkommere"
2845:. Font Forlag AS. p. 46.
2721:Alexis S. Troubetzkoy (2011).
2328:Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992).
1988:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1761:. New York: Dodd, Mead. 1926.
1116:designed by Nobile. They left
1:
6625:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
6560:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
3689:Biodiversity Heritage Library
3606:. (London, Aurum Press, 2012)
2530:. Aviation History magazine.
2334:. Routledge. pp. 24–37.
1795:. New York: Doubleday. 1927.
1492:Royal Order of the North Star
1490:Commander Grand Cross of the
1031:Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen
554:
324:
87:
7464:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
6982:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
6798:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
6604:French Antarctic Expeditions
6534:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
6420:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
4538:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
2613:. W. W. Norton and Company.
2079:Living Adventures in Science
1777:. London: Hutchinson. 1927.
1471:Imperial Order of Saint Anna
1287:Expedition to the South Pole
662:American Antiquarian Society
612:. They spent two winters at
497:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
477:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
355:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
6067:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
5746:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
4611:Andrée's balloon expedition
3750:20th Century Press Archives
3705:(public domain audiobooks)
3613:. (Sutton Publishing, 2006)
2930:Bomann-Larsen, Tor (2006).
2582:Troy Lennon (12 May 2016).
2261:www.americanantiquarian.org
2048:. Smithsonian Institution.
1425:Order of the Crown of Italy
646:Canadian Arctic Archipelago
127:18 June 1928 (aged 55)
7580:
7444:1920s missing person cases
5268:Franklin's lost expedition
4968:Christian IV's expeditions
3358:Retrieved 16 February 2021
3047:– via hathitrust.org
2878:Tor Bomann-Larsen (2011).
2839:Hans Olav Thyvold (2012).
1938:– via hathitrust.org
1579:
1362:, in Gold and with Crown,
999:to signal their location.
694:
60:
53:
7514:Norwegian polar explorers
6120:
6116:
6103:
5622:Great Northern Expedition
5298:Rae–Richardson expedition
4498:British Arctic Expedition
4362:
4358:
4345:
4272:
4034:
3645:Huntford, Roland (1985).
2609:Henderson, Bruce (2005).
2556:. PBS.org. Archived from
2466:. Accessed 17 April 2011.
1006:During the third winter,
312:[ˈrùːɑɫˈɑ̂mʉnsən]
222:
79:
63:Amundsen (disambiguation)
6906:British Antarctic Survey
6900:Captain Arturo Prat Base
6145:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3946:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3223:– via runeberg.org
2955:Sancton, Julian (2021).
2727:. Dundurn. p. 232.
2371:. L. Keedick. p. 1.
2367:Amundsen, Roald (1913).
2300:. 2008. pp. 63–65.
2141:Amundsen, Roald (1927).
1563:Congressional Gold Medal
1445:Royal Order of the Crown
1080:In 1925, accompanied by
667:Amundsen learned of the
208:Congressional Gold Medal
31:latest accepted revision
7519:People from Fredrikstad
7494:Explorers of the Arctic
7484:Explorers of Antarctica
7382:Pole of inaccessibility
7045:Antarctic Treaty System
5386:2nd Grinnell expedition
3728:Works by Roald Amundsen
3714:Works by Roald Amundsen
3699:Works by Roald Amundsen
3685:Works by Roald Amundsen
3647:The Last Place on Earth
3634:. (Erskine Press, 1999)
3514:4 November 2007 at the
2586:. The Daily Telegraph.
2458:20 October 2012 at the
1965:Oxford University Press
1849:International Date Line
1643:The Last Place on Earth
1423:: Grand Officer of the
1160:Disappearance and death
827:. Amundsen renamed the
644:, the ship cleared the
596:and then south through
491:frozen in the ice, 1898
3208:Sveriges statskalender
3102:. 1984. Archived from
2143:My Life as an Explorer
1792:My Life as an Explorer
1593:
1252:Orders and decorations
1173:
1058:
1053:Amundsen and plane in
923:
726:
706:
560:
492:
435:
323:; 16 July 1872 –
160:First to navigate the
7052:Transglobe Expedition
6951:Operation Deep Freeze
6360:Challenger expedition
5226:Coppermine expedition
4747:Drifting ice stations
3541:16 April 2013 at the
3458:Trailer (norsk tekst)
3400:"The Red Tent (1971)"
3354:2 August 2018 at the
3318:Office of the Clerk.
3235:"Tidigare medaljörer"
3096:Geografisk Tidsskrift
2920:Bomann-Larsen, p. 20.
2814:"Search for Amundsen"
2696:Normandy Then and Now
2464:Store Norske Leksikon
2419:Karpoff, Jonathan M.
1961:UK English Dictionary
1589:
1554:Charles P. Daly Medal
1395:Grand Officer of the
1319:Order of Franz Joseph
1167:
1086:Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen
1052:
932:, lasted until 1925.
916:
851:The Northeast Passage
780:-style furred skins.
712:
704:
691:South Pole Expedition
552:
545:The Northwest Passage
484:
433:
369:South Pole expedition
196:Charles P. Daly Medal
190:Order of Franz Joseph
7499:Explorers of Siberia
3033:Norges Statskalender
1924:Norges Statskalender
1298:, 1st Class (Gold),
1234:Charles Peto Bennett
1214:Royal Norwegian Navy
1069:, tried to fly from
1067:Royal Norwegian Navy
981:New Siberian Islands
879:improve this article
821:Axel Heiberg Glacier
798:King Edward VII Land
495:Amundsen joined the
459:Carsten Borchgrevink
453:Amundsen was in the
442:, between the towns
7489:Explorers of Canada
7459:Bear attack victims
7222:South magnetic pole
5888:Brusilov expedition
4997:Danish colonization
4435:North magnetic pole
4259:Robert Falcon Scott
3916:South magnetic pole
3874:Antarctic Peninsula
3869:Biogeographic realm
3663:Rainer-K. Langner.
3609:Tor Bomann-Larsen.
3106:on 10 February 2017
2383:"Canine Companions"
2129:Last Place on Earth
1971:on 7 November 2021.
1648:Sverre Anker Ousdal
1606:Robert Falcon Scott
1274:Order of Saint Olav
614:King William Island
541:to prevent scurvy.
520:Antarctic Peninsula
503:using the ship the
328: 18 June 1928
150:First to reach the
21:Page version status
6913:Operation Windmill
6894:Operation Highjump
5869:Rusanov expedition
5774:A. E. Nordenskiöld
5518:North East Passage
5322:McClure expedition
4197:Telecommunications
4111:Territorial claims
3577:(Volumes I and II)
3567:Prestrud, Kristian
3431:The New York Times
3132:on 6 December 2014
2560:on 15 January 2010
2409:, Vol. I, p. xvii.
2019:The New York Times
1634:Scott and Amundsen
1600:, operated by the
1594:
1438:Kingdom of Prussia
1218:unmanned submarine
1174:
1088:, flight mechanic
1071:Wainwright, Alaska
1059:
924:
747:, earlier used by
727:
721:, are pictured in
707:
588:They traveled via
561:
501:Adrien de Gerlache
493:
436:
400:by traversing the
351:Adrien de Gerlache
27:
7426:
7425:
7422:
7421:
7418:
7417:
6880:Operation Tabarin
6742:Far Eastern Party
6588:Nimrod Expedition
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
5658:M. Pronchishcheva
5580:Siberian Cossacks
5049:Northwest Passage
4382:Research stations
4339:Polar exploration
4305:
4304:
4264:Ernest Shackleton
4192:Research stations
4137:Antarctic English
4106:National programs
4101:Military activity
4075:COVID-19 pandemic
4032:
4031:
3901:Floristic Kingdom
3806:Antarctic sea ice
3732:Project Gutenberg
3656:978-0-330-28816-3
3637:Roland Huntford.
3587:978-0-903983-47-1
3092:"Egede medaillen"
2966:978-1-9848-2433-2
2891:978-0-7524-6682-8
2852:978-82-8169-179-7
2820:on 8 January 2010
2763:. 20 October 2017
2734:978-1-55488-855-9
2620:978-0-393-32738-0
2489:on 19 August 2020
2387:Canterbury Museum
2341:978-0-415-08225-9
2230:978-0-8166-3799-7
2169:978-0-618-25210-7
2089:978-0-8369-2573-9
1991:. Merriam-Webster
1954:"Amundsen, Roald"
1949:"Amundsen, Roald"
1688:Works by Amundsen
1526:Livingstone Medal
1082:Lincoln Ellsworth
1035:Nikolay Urvantsev
938:Northeast Passage
911:
910:
903:
829:Antarctic Plateau
790:Kristian Prestrud
638:Richard Collinson
602:James Ross Strait
565:Northwest Passage
466:Sir John Franklin
402:Northeast Passage
359:Northwest Passage
231:
230:
178:Order of St. Olav
162:Northwest Passage
7571:
7509:Missing aviators
6927:Ronne Expedition
6412:
6406:
6270:Dumont d'Urville
6118:
6105:
5653:V. Pronchishchev
4360:
4347:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4290:
4289:
4280:
4279:
4254:James Clark Ross
4226:Famous explorers
4040:
3859:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3760:
3741:Internet Archive
3724:
3710:
3709:
3695:
3670:Julian Sancton.
3660:
3591:
3563:Nilsen, Thorvald
3546:
3533:
3522:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3461:(in Norwegian),
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3365:
3359:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3156:Barlaup, Asbjørn
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3065:, 1918, p.
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3025:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2989:. Archived from
2977:
2971:
2970:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2927:
2921:
2916:Sancton, p. 149
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2816:. Archived from
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2554:"Roald Amundsen"
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2482:. Archived from
2481:
2473:
2467:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2325:
2312:
2311:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2108:Museums Victoria
2100:
2094:
2093:
2073:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1967:. Archived from
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1916:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1885:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1841:
1804:
1786:
1770:
1752:
1736:
1718:
1708:
1663:, was released.
1629:plays Amundsen.
1540:
1539:
1538:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1469:: Knight of the
1465:
1463:
1462:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1421:Kingdom of Italy
1419:
1417:
1416:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1369:Hans Egede Medal
1352:
1350:
1349:
1342:(civil division)
1340:Order of Leopold
1338:: Knight of the
1334:
1332:
1331:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1278:20 November 1906
1265:
1263:
1262:
1178:Leif Dietrichson
1152:in 1926. If the
906:
899:
895:
892:
886:
863:
855:
794:Jørgen Stubberud
786:Hjalmar Johansen
682:
651:
579:fishing vessel,
578:
559:
556:
516:Alexander Island
329:
326:
322:
321:
320:
314:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
284:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
243:
227:
111:
109:
92:
89:
84:
70:
39:6 September 2024
7579:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7568:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7414:
7089:
7081:
6957:McMurdo Station
6826:Modern research
6824:
6812:
6547:O. Nordenskjöld
6410:
6404:
6399:
6315:Ross expedition
6139:
6112:
6091:
5520:
5512:
5053:Northern Canada
5051:
5043:
4896:
4888:
4394:
4386:
4354:
4341:
4336:
4306:
4301:
4268:
4238:Richard E. Byrd
4221:
4182:Protected areas
4120:
4084:
4041:
4028:
3985:
3939:Bodies of Water
3934:
3923:West Antarctica
3879:East Antarctica
3857:
3792:
3787:
3707:
3681:
3657:
3644:
3623:Garth Cameron.
3616:Garth Cameron.
3599:
3597:Further reading
3588:
3559:Amundsen, Roald
3557:
3554:
3549:
3543:Wayback Machine
3534:
3525:
3516:Wayback Machine
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3356:Wayback Machine
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3269:. 3 June 2019.
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3076:
3074:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3027:
3026:
3009:
2996:
2994:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2892:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2853:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2735:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2698:. 1 July 2017.
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2621:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:Wayback Machine
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2342:
2327:
2326:
2315:
2308:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1811:
1789:
1773:
1755:
1739:
1721:
1711:
1693:
1690:
1669:
1638:Roland Huntford
1584:
1578:
1573:
1541:United States:
1536:
1534:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1478:
1476:
1460:
1458:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1412:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1347:
1345:
1329:
1327:
1315:Austria-Hungary
1308:
1306:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1230:
1180:, French pilot
1162:
1138:Richard E. Byrd
1126:
1047:
977:Cape Chelyuskin
954:Harald Sverdrup
907:
896:
890:
887:
876:
864:
853:
848:
749:Fridtjof Nansen
739:Robert F. Scott
725:in January 1913
699:
693:
680:
649:
642:Victoria Island
576:
557:
547:
479:
474:
428:
327:
317:
316:
315:
307:
288:
279:
278:
247:
238:
237:
213:
166:
128:
119:
113:
107:
105:
104:
103:
93:
90:
75:
66:
59:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
7577:
7575:
7567:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7431:
7430:
7424:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7374:Vostok Station
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7328:
7327:
7325:Cherry-Garrard
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7165:Southern Cross
7161:
7160:
7159:
7146:
7145:
7144:
7131:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7095:
7093:
7087:Farthest South
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7048:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7002:
6997:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6959:
6954:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6909:
6902:
6897:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6848:
6841:
6836:
6830:
6828:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6784:Ross Sea party
6780:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6745:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6649:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6584:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6568:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6478:Southern Cross
6471:Southern Cross
6467:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6415:
6413:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6395:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6356:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6336:
6330:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6217:Bellingshausen
6207:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6121:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6076:
6064:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5865:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5526:
5524:
5522:Russian Arctic
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5468:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5338:
5333:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5279:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4964:
4959:
4957:Snæbjörn galti
4954:
4949:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4859:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4824:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4750:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4703:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4514:
4509:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4392:Farthest North
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4284:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4248:Ui-te-Rangiora
4245:
4243:Douglas Mawson
4240:
4235:
4233:Roald Amundsen
4229:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4172:Gateway cities
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4132:Antarctica Day
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4004:
4002:Microorganisms
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3966:List of rivers
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3896:Extreme points
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3816:Climate change
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3711:
3696:
3680:
3679:External links
3677:
3676:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3655:
3642:
3635:
3630:Hugo Decleir.
3628:
3621:
3614:
3611:Roald Amundsen
3607:
3602:Stephen Bown.
3598:
3595:
3594:
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3586:
3553:
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3548:
3547:
3523:
3501:
3475:
3448:
3417:
3391:
3360:
3341:
3310:
3284:
3258:
3226:
3198:
3179:
3143:
3117:
3083:
3059:"Ritter-Orden"
3050:
3007:
2993:on 14 May 2024
2972:
2965:
2947:
2940:
2932:Roald Amundsen
2922:
2909:
2890:
2881:Roald Amundsen
2870:
2851:
2842:Roald Amundsen
2831:
2805:
2774:
2752:
2733:
2713:
2683:
2634:
2619:
2601:
2571:
2545:
2518:
2500:
2468:
2453:Roald Amundsen
2444:
2433:on 20 May 2013
2411:
2399:
2374:
2359:
2340:
2313:
2307:978-8282350013
2306:
2278:
2248:
2229:
2206:
2175:
2168:
2148:
2133:
2120:
2095:
2088:
2063:
2036:
2002:
1974:
1941:
1906:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1857:The South Pole
1835:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1787:
1771:
1753:
1737:
1719:
1709:
1689:
1686:
1668:
1665:
1661:Espen Sandberg
1659:, directed by
1619:The 1969 film
1616:lunar lander.
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1532:
1521:United Kingdom
1509:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1474:
1467:Russian Empire
1456:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1443:Knight of the
1427:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1399:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1366:
1360:Medal of Merit
1343:
1325:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1291:20 August 1912
1280:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1229:
1226:
1196:never returned
1161:
1158:
1130:Frederick Cook
1125:
1122:
1104:Umberto Nobile
1046:
1043:
985:Wrangel Island
909:
908:
867:
865:
858:
852:
849:
847:
844:
809:Helmer Hanssen
764:Ross Ice Shelf
695:Main article:
692:
689:
650:17 August 1905
622:Netsilik Inuit
606:Simpson Strait
546:
543:
527:Frederick Cook
518:, west of the
478:
475:
473:
470:
427:
424:
391:Ross Ice Shelf
347:Borge, Østfold
229:
228:
220:
219:
215:
214:
212:
211:
205:
199:
193:
187:
181:
174:
172:
168:
167:
165:
164:
158:
147:
145:
144:Known for
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
116:Borge, Østfold
114:
101:
99:
95:
94:
85:
77:
76:
74:Roald Amundsen
73:
50:
48:
28:
22:
19:
17:
16:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7576:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
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7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7384:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
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7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
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7291:
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7286:
7282:
7280:
7277:
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7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
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7260:
7257:
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7254:
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7119:
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7112:
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7097:
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7075:
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7059:
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7053:
7049:
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7036:
7033:
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7030:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7007:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6785:
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6779:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6505:Discovery Hut
6503:
6501:
6500:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6409:
6402:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6035:A. Sibiryakov
6032:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6007:Glavsevmorput
6004:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5309:J. Richardson
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5071:M. Corte-Real
5069:
5067:
5066:G. Corte-Real
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4989:C. Richardson
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4798:Georgiy Sedov
4794:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Riiser-Larsen
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4285:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:Midwinter Day
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4116:Treaty System
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:McMurdo Sound
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
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3814:
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3809:
3807:
3804:
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3801:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3779:
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3772:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3755:
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3742:
3738:
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3729:
3726:
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3700:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3666:
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3658:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3640:
3636:
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3612:
3608:
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3600:
3596:
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3583:
3579:
3576:
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3555:
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3517:
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3505:
3502:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3464:
3460:
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3449:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3418:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3311:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3191:(in German),
3190:
3183:
3180:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3105:
3101:
3098:(in Danish).
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2941:0-7509-4343-2
2937:
2933:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2871:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2832:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2714:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2509:Barr, William
2504:
2501:
2485:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:Bay of Whales
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:as Amundsen.
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:Hubbard Medal
1543:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:Personal life
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:René Guilbaud
1179:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:in 1909; and
1135:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
998:
994:
993:Bering Strait
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:polar ice cap
966:
962:
957:
955:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
930:
921:
920:
915:
905:
902:
894:
884:
880:
874:
873:
868:This section
866:
862:
857:
856:
850:
845:
843:
839:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:Oscar Wisting
814:
813:Sverre Hassel
810:
806:
805:Olav Bjaaland
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
779:
775:
774:
769:
768:Bay of Whales
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
736:
732:
724:
720:
716:
711:
703:
698:
690:
688:
686:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Cambridge Bay
630:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:Parry Channel
591:
586:
584:
583:
574:
570:
566:
551:
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:
502:
498:
490:
489:
483:
476:
471:
469:
467:
462:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
432:
425:
423:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
387:Bay of Whales
384:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:
361:on the sloop
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
336:polar regions
333:
319:
313:
303:
282:
274:
241:
235:
226:
221:
216:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:Hubbard Medal
182:
179:
176:
175:
173:
169:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
126:
122:
117:
100:
96:
83:
78:
71:
68:
64:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
7380:
7368:Pole of Cold
7366:
7292:
7283:
7258:
7251:
7244:
7220:
7191:
7177:
7171:Borchgrevink
7163:
7150:
7135:
7115:
7100:
7069:
7050:
7043:
7027:
7013:
7004:
6987:
6980:
6961:
6949:
6925:
6911:
6904:
6892:
6878:
6864:
6850:
6843:
6804:
6796:
6782:
6775:
6773:
6755:
6747:
6740:
6727:
6718:
6680:
6672:
6663:
6656:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6623:
6611:Pourquoi-Pas
6610:
6602:
6594:
6586:
6581:Orcadas Base
6579:
6571:
6558:
6552:C. A. Larsen
6540:
6532:
6518:
6511:
6498:
6490:
6484:Borchgrevink
6477:
6469:
6442:
6426:
6418:
6393:C. A. Larsen
6386:
6367:
6358:
6340:
6322:
6313:
6300:
6285:
6276:
6263:
6224:
6210:
6203:
6184:
6169:
6079:
6072:
6055:
6048:
6034:
6019:
6005:
5992:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5951:
5937:
5935:
5929:
5927:
5893:
5886:
5867:
5833:
5831:
5817:
5815:
5797:
5787:
5785:
5765:
5763:
5744:
5620:
5578:
5561:
5529:
5493:
5491:
5471:
5470:
5458:
5450:
5449:
5435:
5422:
5407:
5393:
5384:
5371:
5342:
5330:Investigator
5329:
5320:
5296:
5283:
5275:
5266:
5253:
5224:
5201:
5186:
5171:
5141:
5126:
5096:
5015:
4995:
4966:
4962:Erik the Red
4944:
4922:
4915:
4872:submersibles
4869:
4863:Arktika 2007
4861:
4854:
4847:
4844:
4828:
4819:
4816:
4797:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4752:
4745:
4721:
4707:
4706:
4698:
4696:
4669:
4662:
4660:
4631:
4628:
4617:S. A. Andrée
4609:
4596:
4571:
4563:
4560:
4536:
4518:
4505:
4496:
4478:
4469:
4467:
4433:
4232:
4162:Firefighting
4147:Demographics
4070:Colonization
4065:World War II
3718:Open Library
3671:
3664:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3558:
3520:Aften Posten
3519:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3478:
3467:, retrieved
3457:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3430:
3420:
3408:. Retrieved
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3373:
3363:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3261:
3249:. Retrieved
3229:
3217:, retrieved
3207:
3201:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3160:
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3130:the original
3120:
3108:. Retrieved
3104:the original
3099:
3095:
3086:
3075:, retrieved
3062:
3053:
3041:, retrieved
3032:
3002:
2995:. Retrieved
2991:the original
2984:
2975:
2956:
2950:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2880:
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2841:
2834:
2822:. Retrieved
2818:the original
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2787:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2723:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2654:
2650:
2637:
2610:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2562:. Retrieved
2558:the original
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2521:
2512:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2484:the original
2471:
2463:
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2428:the original
2414:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:
2377:
2368:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2330:
2294:
2291:
2269:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2241:26 September
2239:. Retrieved
2219:
2197:. Retrieved
2189:The Guardian
2188:
2178:
2159:
2142:
2136:
2128:
2123:
2111:. Retrieved
2107:
2098:
2078:
2054:. Retrieved
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2018:
1993:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1969:the original
1957:
1944:
1932:, retrieved
1923:
1897:. Retrieved
1883:
1864:
1856:
1847:crossed the
1844:
1839:
1791:
1774:
1757:
1740:
1723:
1713:
1695:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1654:
1652:
1641:
1633:
1631:
1627:Sean Connery
1622:The Red Tent
1620:
1618:
1595:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1529:
1504:
1495:
1451:
1405:
1372:
1363:
1322:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1246:
1231:
1220:
1211:
1200:
1194:flying boat
1186:
1175:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:Robert Peary
1127:
1110:
1101:
1097:flying boats
1094:Dornier Do J
1079:
1060:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1001:
989:
972:
964:
958:
944:
942:
933:
928:
925:
922:in June 1918
918:
897:
888:
877:Please help
872:verification
869:
842:uneventful.
840:
833:
802:
782:
772:
761:
756:
743:
735:Robert Peary
731:Arctic Basin
728:
723:Philadelphia
719:Robert Peary
676:
666:
631:
587:
581:
567:between the
562:
524:
511:
506:
494:
487:
463:
452:
437:
418:
411:
405:
404:on the ship
395:
377:and reached
372:
362:
344:
334:explorer of
233:
232:
112:16 July 1872
67:
38:
29:This is the
23:
7449:1928 deaths
7439:1872 births
7071:Lake Vostok
7021:Tryoshnikov
6943:Schlossbach
6834:Christensen
6776:James Caird
6697:E. R. Evans
6463:Dobrowolski
6433:de Gerlache
6135:Expeditions
6021:Aviaarktika
5975:Samoylovich
5846:Kolomeitsev
5740:Middendorff
5700:Gedenshtrom
5120:I. Fyodorov
4882:Chilingarov
4770:E. Fyodorov
4377:Expeditions
4250:(legendary)
4157:Field camps
4055:Expeditions
3981:Weddell Sea
3961:Lake Vostok
3956:Lake Mercer
3828:Ice shelves
3469:22 February
3334:19 November
3303:19 November
3277:19 November
3219:18 November
3172:19 November
3152:Hølaas, Odd
3043:18 November
2986:Fram Museum
2918:(footnote);
2902:30 November
2863:30 November
2745:29 November
2706:18 November
2594:22 November
2437:16 December
2298:Fram Museum
1934:17 November
1567:29 May 1928
1473:, 1st Class
1447:, 1st Class
1207:Barents Sea
1172:flying boat
1168:Amundsen's
1118:Spitsbergen
1090:Karl Feucht
1075:Spitsbergen
1063:Oskar Omdal
685:Fram Museum
558: 1908
472:Polar treks
455:Uranienborg
444:Fredrikstad
130:Barents Sea
124:Disappeared
91: 1923
7433:Categories
7294:Terra Nova
7199:Shackleton
7142:J. C. Ross
7101:Resolution
7091:South Pole
6866:New Swabia
6790:Mackintosh
6762:Shackleton
6681:Terra Nova
6674:Terra Nova
6408:Heroic Age
6368:Challenger
6328:J. C. Ross
6238:Bransfield
6170:Resolution
6085:icebreaker
6049:Chelyuskin
5790:expedition
5768:Expedition
5710:Matyushkin
5668:Kh. Laptev
5663:Chelyuskin
5557:Heemskerck
5547:Chancellor
5542:Willoughby
5537:Koch boats
5480:Stefansson
5414:McClintock
5378:Inglefield
5220:J. C. Ross
5127:Resolution
4979:Cunningham
4877:Sagalevich
4566:expedition
4525:Stephenson
4485:C. F. Hall
4472:expedition
4446:J. C. Ross
4409:Heemskerck
4396:North Pole
4060:Heroic Age
3911:South Pole
3821:Heat waves
3790:Antarctica
3575:, 1910–12
3384:2 November
3136:1 December
2127:Huntford (
1983:"Amundsen"
1826:References
1783:1026703671
1580:See also:
1501:Vega Medal
1221:Hugin 1000
956:on board.
891:April 2021
715:Shackleton
673:Haakon VII
618:Gjoa Haven
610:Rae Strait
598:Peel Sound
590:Baffin Bay
426:Early life
398:North Pole
379:Antarctica
308:Norwegian:
202:Vega Medal
156:North Pole
152:South Pole
136:Occupation
108:1872-07-16
7393:Tolstikov
7179:Discovery
7149:HMS
7134:HMS
7116:Adventure
7114:HMS
7099:HMS
7035:Tolstikov
6756:Endurance
6541:Antarctic
6526:Drygalski
6499:Discovery
6492:Discovery
6453:Arctowski
6366:HMS
6339:HMS
6333:Abernethy
6321:HMS
6299:USS
6286:Vincennes
6284:USS
6264:Astrolabe
6204:San Telmo
6185:Adventure
6183:HMS
6168:HMS
6163:Kerguelen
6125:Continent
6110:Antarctic
5987:Urvantsev
5945:Vilkitsky
5798:Jeannette
5796:USS
5788:Jeannette
5752:Weyprecht
5730:Pakhtusov
5680:Chichagov
5673:D. Laptev
5616:Permyakov
5591:Stadukhin
5586:Perfilyev
5563:Mangazeya
5501:H. Larsen
5466:Rasmussen
5421:HMS
5392:USS
5341:HMS
5328:HMS
5292:Collinson
5282:HMS
5274:HMS
5252:HMS
5200:HMS
5185:HMS
5170:HMS
5155:Mackenzie
5142:Discovery
5140:HMS
5125:HMS
5097:Discovery
5076:Frobisher
5039:Rasmussen
4952:Gunnbjörn
4898:Greenland
4827:USS
4818:USS
4690:Ellsworth
4632:Roosevelt
4562:Nansen's
4519:Discovery
4517:HMS
4504:HMS
4451:Abernethy
4419:Marmaduke
4212:Transport
3951:Lake CECs
3928:ice sheet
3884:ice sheet
3853:Volcanoes
3843:Mountains
3798:Geography
3110:9 January
2663:1041-5440
2352:2 January
1951:(US) and
1876:Citations
1767:918183295
1749:576654047
1733:727260901
1705:971379351
1679:In 2012,
1614:Artemis 3
1216:used the
1192:Latham 47
1170:Latham 47
1132:in 1908;
1065:, of the
967:into the
553:Amundsen
539:vitamin C
448:Sarpsborg
332:Norwegian
218:Signature
86:Amundsen
7405:A. Fuchs
7362:V. Fuchs
7342:McKinley
7305:E. Evans
7264:Bjaaland
7259:Amundsen
7209:Marshall
7122:Furneaux
6974:V. Fuchs
6938:E. Ronne
6933:F. Ronne
6872:Ritscher
6726:SY
6714:Filchner
6658:Framheim
6652:Amundsen
6458:Racoviță
6443:Amundsen
6438:Lecointe
6307:Ringgold
6301:Porpoise
6191:Furneaux
6027:Shevelev
5982:Begichev
5961:Amundsen
5923:Nagórski
5901:Brusilov
5895:Sv. Anna
5809:Melville
5779:Palander
5735:Tsivolko
5695:Sannikov
5690:Billings
5633:Chirikov
5552:Barentsz
5494:St. Roch
5485:Bartlett
5459:Amundsen
5443:Sverdrup
5343:Resolute
5232:Franklin
5160:Kotzebue
5027:Sverdrup
5010:Scoresby
4984:Lindenov
4835:Plaisted
4820:Nautilus
4765:Shirshov
4739:Belyakov
4734:Baydukov
4708:Nautilus
4670:Amundsen
4630:SS
4589:Sverdrup
4584:Johansen
4554:Brainard
4549:Lockwood
4404:Barentsz
4282:Category
4187:Religion
4089:Politics
4007:Wildlife
3976:Ross Sea
3838:Glaciers
3703:LibriVox
3641:. (1979)
3539:Archived
3512:Archived
3494:14 April
3488:Archived
3463:archived
3441:26 March
3435:Archived
3410:26 March
3404:Archived
3378:Archived
3352:Archived
3328:Archived
3297:Archived
3271:Archived
3251:3 August
3242:Archived
3213:archived
3195:: 229–67
3189:Die Erde
3166:Archived
3071:archived
3037:archived
2896:Archived
2857:Archived
2824:30 April
2798:11 March
2792:Archived
2788:BBC News
2767:15 April
2739:Archived
2700:Archived
2667:Archived
2629:63397177
2588:Archived
2564:11 March
2538:11 March
2532:Archived
2511:(1919).
2493:13 April
2456:Archived
2407:Amundsen
2392:29 April
2346:Archived
2296:. Oslo:
2265:Archived
2235:Archived
2193:Archived
2131:), p. 28
2056:20 March
2050:Archived
2029:20 March
2023:Archived
1928:archived
1893:Archived
1809:See also
1727:. 1912.
1656:Amundsen
1610:Amundsen
1084:, pilot
1055:Svalbard
1039:Kara Sea
961:Kara Sea
773:Framheim
569:Atlantic
486:RV
345:Born in
330:) was a
154:and the
139:Explorer
118:, Norway
35:reviewed
7410:Messner
7357:Hillary
7337:Balchen
7285:Polheim
7279:Wisting
7157:Crozier
7129:Weddell
7107:J. Cook
7077:Kapitsa
7058:Fiennes
7000:Klenova
6969:Hillary
6919:Ketchum
6845:BANZARE
6820:·
6665:Polheim
6631:Shirase
6617:Charcot
6427:Belgica
6346:Crozier
6258:Morrell
6253:Weddell
6231:Lazarev
6176:J. Cook
6130:History
6080:Arktika
6056:Krassin
6041:Voronin
6013:Schmidt
5999:Ushakov
5938:Vaygach
5906:Albanov
5875:Rusanov
5856:Kolchak
5851:Matisen
5825:Makarov
5804:De Long
5705:Wrangel
5685:Lyakhov
5638:Malygin
5596:Dezhnev
5423:Pandora
5394:Advance
5361:Kennedy
5356:Belcher
5349:Kellett
5336:McClure
5260:Beechey
5254:Blossom
5247:Simpson
5215:Crozier
5208:Hoppner
5165:J. Ross
5133:J. Cook
5081:Gilbert
4974:J. Hall
4940:Ingólfr
4930:Naddodd
4924:Vikings
4911:Brendan
4906:Pytheas
4894:Iceland
4848:Arktika
4840:Herbert
4805:Badygin
4775:Krenkel
4760:Papanin
4729:Chkalov
4715:Wilkins
4680:Wisting
4624:F. Cook
4530:Markham
4490:Bessels
4479:Polaris
4470:Polaris
4441:J. Ross
4424:Carolus
4372:History
4292:Commons
4207:Tourism
4152:Economy
4125:Society
4047:History
4017:Mammals
3906:Islands
3862:Regions
3833:Geology
3811:Climate
3752:of the
3748:in the
3739:at the
3552:Sources
3077:9 April
2676:13 July
2271:22 June
2199:21 June
2113:28 June
1995:7 March
1899:25 July
1801:3657624
1632:A book
1354:Denmark
1336:Belgium
1238:Antwerp
1108:airship
1012:Seattle
949:Siberia
825:Polheim
753:Madeira
573:Pacific
512:Belgica
507:Belgica
488:Belgica
385:at the
7320:Bowers
7315:Wilson
7274:Hassel
7269:Helmer
7238:Mackay
7228:Mawson
7193:Nimrod
7151:Terror
7136:Erebus
7063:Burton
6858:Rymill
6734:Mawson
6728:Aurora
6707:Lashly
6692:Wilson
6595:Nimrod
6572:Scotia
6379:Murray
6354:Cooper
6341:Terror
6323:Erebus
6292:Wilkes
6243:Palmer
6211:Vostok
6158:Bouvet
6082:-class
6062:Gakkel
5930:Taymyr
5911:Konrad
5880:Kuchin
5818:Yermak
5725:Lavrov
5643:Ovtsyn
5628:Bering
5606:Ivanov
5569:Hudson
5531:Pomors
5508:Cowper
5473:Karluk
5372:Isabel
5366:Bellot
5316:Austin
5284:Terror
5276:Erebus
5172:Griper
5148:Clerke
5108:Baffin
5091:Hudson
5022:Nansen
4935:Garðar
4856:Barneo
4723:ANT-25
4699:Italia
4675:Nobile
4644:Henson
4603:Amedeo
4579:Nansen
4544:Greely
4414:Hudson
4352:Arctic
3889:shield
3848:Tundra
3653:
3584:
3267:"RSGS"
2997:16 May
2963:
2938:
2888:
2849:
2731:
2661:
2627:
2617:
2338:
2304:
2227:
2166:
2086:
1959:Lexico
1799:
1781:
1765:
1747:
1731:
1703:
1684:crew.
1608:. The
1576:Legacy
1518:
1485:Sweden
1482:
1464:
1435:
1418:
1389:France
1386:
1351:
1333:
1312:
1267:Norway
1264:
1242:Gjøvik
1203:Tromsø
1187:Italia
1057:(1925)
997:Anadyr
836:Hobart
717:, and
681:45-day
626:Arctic
624:about
592:, the
577:45-ton
531:scurvy
419:Italia
210:(1928)
204:(1913)
198:(1912)
192:(1907)
186:(1907)
180:(1906)
171:Awards
7400:Crary
7347:Dufek
7310:Oates
7300:Scott
7233:David
7214:Adams
7185:Barne
7006:Mirny
6995:Somov
6805:Quest
6702:Crean
6687:Scott
6566:Bruce
6520:Gauss
6513:Gauss
6387:Jason
6374:Nares
6248:Davis
6225:Mirny
6198:Smith
6153:Roché
6073:Lenin
5993:Sadko
5918:Wiese
5863:Sedov
5834:Zarya
5757:Payer
5720:Litke
5715:Anjou
5648:Minin
5611:Vagin
5601:Popov
5574:Poole
5429:Young
5242:Dease
5187:Hecla
5178:Parry
5103:Bylot
5086:Davis
5061:Cabot
5034:Peary
5016:Jason
5003:Egede
4917:Papar
4829:Skate
4810:Wiese
4790:NP-37
4783:NP-36
4663:Norge
4651:Sedov
4639:Peary
4597:Jason
4512:Nares
4506:Alert
4461:Hayes
4429:Parry
4367:Ocean
4297:Index
4217:Women
4167:Flags
4142:Crime
4080:Years
4022:Krill
4012:Birds
3997:Flora
3245:(PDF)
3238:(PDF)
2784:"BBC"
2670:(PDF)
2647:(PDF)
2487:(PDF)
2480:(PDF)
2431:(PDF)
2424:(PDF)
1831:Notes
1681:Y-DNA
1636:, by
1154:Norge
1150:Norge
1146:Norge
1142:Norge
1112:Norge
1073:, to
778:Inuit
658:Eagle
535:offal
440:Borge
413:Norge
7332:Byrd
7253:Fram
7204:Wild
6886:Marr
6852:BGLE
6839:Byrd
6767:Wild
6646:Fram
6448:Cook
5969:AARI
5954:Maud
5841:Toll
5766:Vega
5452:Gjøa
5437:Fram
5400:Kane
5237:Back
5202:Fury
5193:Lyon
5115:Munk
4754:NP-1
4656:Byrd
4573:Fram
4564:Fram
4456:Kane
4202:Time
3990:Life
3651:ISBN
3582:ISBN
3573:Fram
3496:2019
3471:2019
3443:2019
3412:2019
3386:2022
3374:NASA
3336:2021
3305:2021
3279:2021
3253:2019
3221:2021
3174:2021
3138:2014
3112:2018
3079:2021
3045:2021
2999:2024
2961:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2904:2020
2886:ISBN
2865:2020
2847:ISBN
2826:2011
2800:2010
2769:2024
2747:2020
2729:ISBN
2708:2020
2678:2007
2659:ISSN
2625:OCLC
2615:ISBN
2596:2019
2566:2010
2540:2010
2495:2019
2451:See
2439:2013
2394:2024
2354:2016
2336:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2273:2022
2243:2020
2225:ISBN
2201:2023
2164:ISBN
2115:2024
2084:ISBN
2058:2019
2031:2019
1997:2019
1936:2021
1901:2012
1845:Fram
1797:OCLC
1779:OCLC
1763:OCLC
1745:OCLC
1729:OCLC
1701:OCLC
1558:1912
1549:1907
1530:1925
1505:1913
1496:1912
1452:1912
1406:1913
1373:1925
1364:1907
1323:1907
1300:1925
1285:Fram
1023:Maud
1019:Maud
1008:Maud
983:and
973:Fram
965:Maud
945:Fram
934:Maud
929:Maud
919:Maud
792:and
757:Fram
744:Fram
677:Gjøa
654:Nome
608:and
582:Gjøa
571:and
446:and
407:Maud
383:camp
374:Fram
364:Gjøa
98:Born
7029:3rd
7015:2nd
6989:1st
6822:IGY
6818:IPY
5408:Fox
5304:Rae
4870:Mir
4846:NS
3754:ZBW
3730:at
3716:at
3701:at
3687:at
3193:109
3067:264
881:by
648:on
505:RV
353:'s
37:on
7435::
5934:/
3565:;
3561:;
3526:^
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3486:.
3433:.
3429:.
3402:.
3376:.
3372:.
3326:.
3322:.
3295:.
3154:;
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3094:.
3069:,
3061:,
3031:,
3010:^
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2983:.
2894:.
2855:.
2790:.
2786:.
2737:.
2694:.
2665:.
2655:10
2653:.
2649:.
2623:.
2574:^
2462:,
2385:.
2344:.
2316:^
2281:^
2263:.
2259:.
2233:.
2209:^
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2187:.
2151:^
2106:.
2066:^
2021:.
2017:.
2005:^
1985:.
1963:.
1956:.
1922:,
1909:^
1891:.
1859:.
1565:,
1556:,
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1528:,
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1503:,
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1487::
1440::
1404:,
1392::
1371:,
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1321:,
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1269::
1198:.
1041:.
987:.
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306:;
302:-/
287:/-
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281:US
277:,
270:ən
252:ɑː
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