626:" (slums or shantytowns) in Brazil have many criminal gangs within them that protect individual favelas from other rival gangs and law enforcement. The government has been seen as "ineffective" towards criminal activity within favelas and Brazil as a whole such as trafficking of humans and drugs, kidnapping, and robberies. Corruption and crime levels within Brazil remain high and Bolsonaro's administration has aimed to help decrease these levels with the help of the police. Bolsonaro mentioned on his own social media page that criminals "should be" attacked by police officials, which can aid to the decrease in crime, thus creating a larger distrust towards law enforcement in Brazil. As of December 2017, the prison population in Brazil was at a total of 668,914, and when compared to a prison population rate per 100,000, the total is 332 per 100,000 people. The number of institutions Brazil has regarding their corrections system is 1,449. The official capacity of the institutions is 404,509 people which is many more than they are supposed to be able to house. In 2000, 232,755 people were incarcerated in Brazil. In 2016, 644,575 people were incarcerated.
645:. President Temer wants to build these new prisons to separate non-violent criminals from the dangerous ones to prevent recruitment into organized crime. Since a big part of their prison population problems are the gangs, President Temer has also said that Brazil will be more cooperative with neighboring countries to try to reduce gangs funded by drug trafficking. There is such bad overcrowding, some are close to three times their actual capacity. The frequent use of pepper spray, tear gas, noise bombs and rubber bullets has been documented, as have severe beatings and kicking by the prison personnel on the inmates. The prison personnel are also equipped with assault rifles, shotguns and handguns to protect themselves from the violent events that happen in their prisons and also to keep order of the super overcrowded prisons where inmates could easily overcome the employees.
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636:, aimed to build 30 prisons that year to tackle the overcrowding crisis of their institutions. Brazil’s prisons are 50% over capacity, and most of the prisons are state-government run. The prisons are heavily controlled by gangs, drugs, guns and other contraband entering the prisons regularly. Many residents of favelas do not trust law enforcement because in 2008, the police killed an average of three people for every twenty-three people they arrested in Brazil. Crime levels are high due to
207:
611:, have harmed the reputation of police institutions in Brazil, especially state forces. Violence against suspects and extrajudicial executions are known to be employed by police. In the cities of SĂŁo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the Military Police has been involved in several controversial massacres of civilians, typically in poor neighborhoods where high-profile criminals tend to hide. There have also been massacres in prison facilities. One of the most notorious cases is the
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hierarchy, uniform, discipline, and ceremony. However, the body is not a branch of the
Brazilian Armed Forces. It is described by the constitution as an "auxiliary force of the Brazilian Army in time of war". The Military Fire Brigade, in general, is a part of the Military Police, although it does not perform traditional policing duties. It is subordinated to the state government. However, in the States of
615:. Torture is still commonly used as means of questioning and punishing individuals. Brazil’s corrections system is a huge problem for the country and it severely affects the overall well-being of its people. There are a lot of problems relating to violence, gangs and the way the government has been handling the problems. Brazil’s corrections system is under the prison administration called
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577:, police commissioners ("delegados") are responsible for coordinating and conducting all criminal investigations, with very similar functions and powers of those held by instruction magistrates or prosecutors in other legal systems. For that reason, those police commissioners are required to hold a full degree in
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are not to be confused with the state
Military Police. These are internal security units of each Armed Forces branch. They do not have general civil order maintenance or law enforcement functions. Other internal units may be created for protection of particular agencies or administrative entities,
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Law enforcement and maintaining order are the two primary functions of
Brazilian police units. In Brazilian Law, maintaining order is considered a preventive effort whereby police troopers patrol the streets to protect citizens and discourage criminal activity. Law enforcement consists of criminal
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Finally, in 1871, law 2033 separated police and judicial functions, creating the general bureaucratic structure and mechanisms still adopted nowadays by local police forces. In 1944, a federal police institution was created. The current
Federal Police department was conceived on November 16, 1964.
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and the State Penal Police. Of these, the first four are affiliated to federal authorities and the latter three are subordinated to state governments. These public safety institutions are part of the
Executive branch of either federal or state government. Apart from these eight institutions, there
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Prevention and investigation in Brazil are divided between two distinct police organizations. State "military police" forces only have order maintenance duties. Correspondingly, "civil police" institutions are responsible solely for crime investigation. However, at the federal level, the
Federal
159:. He also created a Military Guard with police functions on 13 May 1809. This is considered a predecessor force of local military police units. Later, in 1831, when independence had already been declared, each province started organizing its local "military police", with order maintenance tasks.
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Access to all positions under any military police forces encompasses written knowledge tests, previous and further medical exams, physical strength, agility and endurance tests and, finally, psychological interviews and evaluation. When approved on all tests, the candidate will be considered
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are charged with maintaining order. Military police patrols the streets and imprison suspects, either handing them over to Civil Police custody or, in case of federal crimes, to the
Federal Police. It is a "militarized" institution (gendarmerie) because it is based on military principles of
126:
The first groups assigned with security duties in
Brazilian territory date back to the early sixteenth century. Small, incipient units were designated in the Brazilian coastline, with the main function of fending off hostile foreign invaders. In 1566, the first police investigator of
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levels and law enforcement refusing to patrol favelas. One of the more recent riots occurred between Brazil’s most powerful gang, First
Capital Command, and their rival, Red command. First Capital Command slaughtered 26 other inmates at the Alcaçuz prison in the state of
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and trained as a civilian uniformed agency, the city guards are responsible to police the municipal parks, properties, installations and the interior of municipal councils and city halls, according to the
Brazilian Federal Constitution. Their patrols are called
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investigates of crimes against the Federal Government or its organs and companies, combats international drug trafficking and terrorism, and conducts immigration and border control (including airport and seaport policing). It is directly subordinated to the
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rounds) and there are 1,200 municipalities with Municipal Guards with more than 120,000 operatives according with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. They are treated as police officers by the former president of the IPA
154:
sought to reshape the administrative structure of the colony. Among several reforms, he established the "IntendĂŞncia Geral de PolĂcia" (General Police Intendancy), which merged police units with investigative functions, call currently of
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has criminal law enforcement duties and investigates crimes committed in violation of Brazilian criminal law. It does not patrol the streets and generally does not wear uniforms. Like the Military Police, it is subordinated to the state
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and admitted in special training courses (CTSP, to graduate soldiers, and the CFO, to graduate aspiring high-ranked officials). There's a minimum entry age of 18 years and, with few variations, a maximum entry age of 30 years.
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The State Penal Police, like its sister federal agency, was created by the Federal Constitutional Amendment number 104 (December 4th, 2019), and its officers originate from the bodies of state prison agencies.
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and law enforcement. When criminal offences affect federal entities, federal police forces carry out those functions. In the remaining cases, the state police forces undertake police activities.
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68:, "...the Municipal Guards are inserted in public safety as the auxiliary and related body of public security force..." Federal law 13,022 (in effect since August 8, 2014) gave them
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was created by the Federal Constitutional Amendment number 104 (in effect since December 4th, 2019), and its officers originate from the bodies of federal prison agencies.
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There are four federal police institutions in Brazil: the Federal Police, the Federal Highway Police, the Federal Railway Police, and the Federal Penal Police.
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Article 144, Eighth Paragraph; the guards act in support and complement - without a relationship of subordination with them. In case of criminal occurrence (in
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singular: Guarda Municipal), also called the Municipal Civil Guards (Guardas Civis Municipais, singular: Guarda Civil Municipal), are the security forces of
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the federal railway system. It does not investigate crime, solely focusing on maintaining order. As of 2022, the agency is not functional.
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for maintaining order. At the time, intense gold mining had attracted attention and greed of explorers, generating tensions in the area.
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Candidates to military police lower ranks, such as 2nd class soldier (entry level), must meet a minimum of high school education.
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such as the guards of legislative houses, which do not have public safety functions. Nevertheless, in times of emergency, the
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establishes eight law enforcement institutions - seven titulars and one auxiliar. The titular institutions are: the
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1040:. Bezerra, Clayton da Silva, Agnoletto, Giovani Celso (1. edição ed.). SĂŁo Paulo, SP: Letras JurĂdicas. 2015.
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On 31 January 1842, law 261 was enacted, reorganizing the investigative offices, the current "civil police".
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135:" already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in
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Investigação criminal : conduzida por delegado de polĂcia : comentários Ă Lei 12,830/2013
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Brazil Must Address Prison Overcrowding and Implement Measures Against Torture. August 14, 2015.
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448:, was created by presidential decree 5.289 on November 29, 2004. It is not a security force
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Police is commissioned with both preventive and investigative functions of federal crimes.
17:
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The real population bomb : megacities, global security & the map of the future
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619:(DEPEN), and the head of this prison administration is Renato Campos Pinto de Vitto.
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262:, is the third and last component of the federal police force. Its main function is
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and have law practicing or law enforcement experience of at least three years.
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103:, that is, the first seven aforementioned forces. As a new force cited in the
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Brazil Aims to Build 30 Prisons This Year to Tackle Crisis. January 17, 2017.
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1165:. Miskel, James F., 1946- (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books.
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95:, Law enforcement forces with an obligation to maintain public safety by
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834:, text translated to English (unofficial). Accessed September 5, 2007.
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143:
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In 1808, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil, due to the
111:), Guards forward the occurrence to the Civil and/or Federal police.
28:
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990:. Pereira, Eliomar da Silva,, Dezan, Sandro Lucio. Curitiba. 2013.
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are the ones listed in article 144 of the Federal Constitution's
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1302:
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and former governor of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Mr.
1128:"Brazil's police killings condemned by Human Rights Watch"
404:) Brazilian section, Mr. George Henry Millard. The former
948:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 29, paragraph 3"
771:
56:
are others which affiliate to municipal authorities: the
1277:
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has been called upon to maintain order, most notably in
313:
There are three types of state police institutions: the
289:
branch of the Federal District Military Police, during
1156:
1154:
1110:"Amnesty International reports on Violence in Brazil"
856:(in Portuguese), PresidĂŞncia da RepĂşblica, 2019-12-04
382:, the guardsmen are subordinated to the municipality
253:. It maintains order, but does not investigate crime.
702:
Published June 1, 2001. Accessed September 5, 2007.
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1116:, No. 489, 29 May 2003, Accessed September 5, 2007.
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Federal Highway Police (PolĂcia Rodoviária Federal)
1126:Kraul, Chris; Soares, Marcelo (December 9, 2009).
924:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 52, XIII"
131:was recruited. By the seventeenth century, most "
900:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 51, IV"
235:Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)
1243:
1241:
1112:, SEJUP (Servico Brasileiro de Justica e Paz),
1196:"Brazil's Sky-High Murder Rate Begins to Fall"
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819:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 144"
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
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8:
2865:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
850:[Constitutional Amendment no. 104],
832:"Brazilian Federal Constitution in English"
181:organizations were maintained, such as the
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1018:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1194:Pearson, Luciana Magalhaes and Samantha.
788:Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo
545:are at times also referred to as police.
114:There are two primary police functions:
1220:http://prisonstudies.org/country/brazil
842:
840:
691:
1061:
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950:. Brazilian Government (official text)
926:. Brazilian Government (official text)
902:. Brazilian Government (official text)
821:. Brazilian Government (official text)
534:agencies of their own, similar to the
497:Companhia de PolĂcia do BatalhĂŁo Naval
378:of Brazil. Created in the time of the
49:State Military Police and Fire Brigade
868:"Força Nacional de Segurança Pública"
456:Army, Navy and Air Force police units
7:
770:Brazilian Federal Police Department
246:has the main function of patrolling
165:The first federal police force, the
1431:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
617:Departamento Penitenciário Nacional
446:Força Nacional de Segurança Pública
433:Força Nacional de Segurança Pública
1098:"Police brutality in urban Brazil"
25:
1426:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
2761:Law enforcement in South America
1411:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
1287:"Rio de Janeiro Military Police"
972:"Resolução Nº 344 de 09/09/2020"
680:Brazilian Military Criminal Code
402:International Police Association
331:Military Police and Fire Brigade
194:investigation after an offence.
47:, the Federal Penal Police, the
790:. p.758. SĂŁo Paulo: Malheiros.
230:Departamento de PolĂcia Federal
2229:National Public Security Force
1319:"Minas Gerais Military Police"
848:"EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL NÂş 104"
774:. Accessed September 5, 2007.
560:fit to military police service
442:National Public Security Force
429:National Public Security Force
1:
1295:"Rio de Janeiro Civil Police"
1218:Brazil’s Correctional System
970:Conselho Nacional de Justiça
886:Accessed September 13, 2007.
754:. p.190. SĂŁo Paulo: Saraiva.
727:Minas Gerais Military Police
655:Brazilian Intelligence Agency
406:Brazilian Minister of Justice
2720:Ministry of Justice (Brazil)
1234:Brazil’s Correctional System
870:Accessed September 5, 2007.
738:Accessed September 5, 2007.
714:Rio de Janeiro Civil Police
538:forces in the United States.
325:and the State Penal Police.
307:Military Police of SĂŁo Paulo
1873:Water supply and sanitation
1421:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
1396:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
1327:"Minas Gerais Civil Police"
1303:"SĂŁo Paulo Military Police"
1148:Accessed September 5, 2007.
1146:"Brazil - Police Brutality"
1100:Accessed September 5, 2007.
718:Accessed September 5, 2007.
591:Police misconduct in Brazil
541:The security forces of the
319:Military Firefighters Corps
18:Police corruption in Brazil
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1401:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
884:"Exército nas ruas do Rio"
675:List of scandals in Brazil
613:Carandiru massacre of 1992
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212:PolĂcia Rodoviária Federal
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1655:President of the Republic
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750:Tourinho Filho, F. 2004.
660:Brazilian police militias
1578:Administrative divisions
1311:"SĂŁo Paulo Civil Police"
1278:Brazilian Federal Police
503:, and Air Force Police (
210:Federal Highway Police (
93:Supreme Federal Tribunal
60:. According to Minister
2224:Federal Railroad Police
974:Accessed May 22, 2023.
485:PolĂcia do ExĂ©rcito, PE
305:a special force of the
169:, was created in 1852.
167:Federal Railroad Police
45:Federal Railroad Police
2243:
2219:Federal Highway Police
1734:Science and technology
1416:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
1161:Liotta, P. H. (2012).
1144:Amnesty International
1068:: CS1 maint: others (
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595:Human rights in Brazil
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589:Further information:
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420:Other security forces
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175:military dictatorship
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80:police attributions.
66:Supreme Federal Court
1552:World Heritage Sites
1485:Environmental issues
1458:Brazilian Antarctica
1096:Human Rights Report
752:Processo Penal vol.1
665:Corruption in Brazil
526:and the state level
271:Federal Penal Police
202:Federal institutions
105:Federal Constitution
33:Federal Constitution
2659:Rio Grande do Norte
2509:Rio Grande do Norte
2361:Rio Grande do Norte
2101:Syncretic Religions
2009:Freedom of religion
1691:Automotive industry
643:Rio Grande do Norte
631:President of Brazil
553:Entry qualification
520:Chamber of Deputies
62:Alexandre de Moraes
2619:Mato Grosso do Sul
2469:Mato Grosso do Sul
2321:Mato Grosso do Sul
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2061:Eastern Orthodoxy
2054:Ukrainian Catholic
1749:Telecommunications
1406:Empire (1822–1889)
1391:Indigenous peoples
1038:Inquérito policial
786:Silva, J.A. 2004.
772:"HistĂłrico do DPF"
734:2008-07-12 at the
573:as well as in the
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372:Guardas Municipais
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1172:978-1-61234-107-1
1132:Los Angeles Times
716:"Historical Data"
700:"ADIn n.236-8/RJ"
601:police misconduct
444:, officially the
386:. Organized as a
228:, officially the
189:Primary functions
116:maintaining order
109:flagrante delicto
91:According to the
16:(Redirected from
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742:
741:
725:
719:
712:
706:
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696:
629:As of 2017, the
388:Municipal police
380:Empire of Brazil
364:Municipal Guards
179:political police
58:Municipal Guards
21:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
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2893:
2892:
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2877:
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2762:
2759:
2729:
2724:
2715:Crime in Brazil
2698:
2562:(list by state)
2561:
2548:
2406:Military Police
2400:
2245:
2233:
2202:
2197:
2167:
2162:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2122:
1995:
1981:Science fiction
1971:Public holidays
1887:
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1776:
1758:
1727:
1659:
1635:Law enforcement
1556:
1542:Water resources
1522:Protected areas
1435:
1372:
1363:
1330:(in Portuguese)
1329:
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1321:
1314:(in Portuguese)
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1306:(in Portuguese)
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739:
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703:
698:Court Decision
697:
693:
688:
670:Crime in Brazil
651:
638:extreme poverty
597:
587:
555:
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532:security police
491:, Navy Police (
422:
360:
315:Military Police
280:
204:
191:
124:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2900:
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2651:
2646:
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1818:Demographics
1696:Central Bank
1634:
1603:Human rights
1583:Constitution
1453:Amazon basin
1214:
1203:. Retrieved
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823:. Retrieved
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634:Michel Temer
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2464:Mato Grosso
2316:Mato Grosso
2027:Catholicism
1941:Malandragem
1906:Archaeology
1833:Immigration
1739:Stock index
1681:Agriculture
1480:Environment
729:"HistĂłrico"
599:Reports of
487:) for the
477:Army Police
410:Tarso Genro
397:English for
350:government.
293:activities.
173:During the
2644:Pernambuco
2494:Pernambuco
2346:Pernambuco
2066:Antiochian
1991:Television
1961:Newspapers
1936:Literature
1808:Corruption
1803:Censorship
1728:(currency)
1598:Government
1205:2019-11-21
954:2023-05-22
930:2023-05-22
906:2023-05-22
830:See also:
825:2023-05-22
686:References
609:corruption
603:, such as
585:Misconduct
511:) for the
505:Portuguese
499:) for the
493:Portuguese
481:Portuguese
368:Portuguese
264:patrolling
133:capitanias
2831:Venezuela
2776:Argentina
2694:Tocantins
2684:SĂŁo Paulo
2544:Tocantins
2534:SĂŁo Paulo
2396:Tocantins
2386:SĂŁo Paulo
2111:Quimbanda
2106:Candomblé
1976:Sculpture
1951:Mythology
1901:Animation
1843:Languages
1823:Education
1764:Transport
1625:Judiciary
1588:Elections
1537:Time Zone
1512:Mountains
1475:Coastline
1441:Geography
1181:780445041
1064:cite book
1056:993875738
1014:cite book
1006:901375778
605:brutality
543:Judiciary
513:Air Force
416:workers.
2881:Category
2821:Suriname
2811:Paraguay
2796:Colombia
2703:See also
2669:RondĂ´nia
2609:MaranhĂŁo
2584:Amazonas
2519:RondĂ´nia
2459:MaranhĂŁo
2429:Amazonas
2371:RondĂ´nia
2311:MaranhĂŁo
2281:Amazonas
2153:Category
2091:Hinduism
2040:Maronite
2019:Buddhism
2001:Religion
1966:Painting
1916:Carnaval
1798:Abortion
1744:Taxation
1716:Industry
1640:Military
1566:Politics
1547:Wildlife
1517:Pantanal
1386:Timeline
1370:articles
732:Archived
649:See also
251:highways
183:DOI-CODI
148:Portugal
71:de facto
2826:Uruguay
2801:Ecuador
2781:Bolivia
2689:Sergipe
2674:Roraima
2634:ParaĂba
2574:Alagoas
2539:Sergipe
2524:Roraima
2484:ParaĂba
2419:Alagoas
2391:Sergipe
2376:Roraima
2336:ParaĂba
2271:Alagoas
2207:Federal
2137:Outline
2116:Umbanda
2096:Judaism
2047:Melkite
1931:Cuisine
1893:Culture
1878:Welfare
1786:Society
1754:Tourism
1711:Exports
1669:Economy
1527:Regions
1502:Islands
1497:Geology
1463:Climate
1378:History
624:favelas
569:In the
469:provost
309:(PMESP)
248:federal
177:, some
122:History
77:de jure
64:of the
2806:Guyana
2786:Brazil
2639:Paraná
2557:Local
2489:Paraná
2341:Paraná
2158:Portal
2014:BaháʼĂ
1986:Sports
1926:Comics
1921:Cinema
1853:People
1828:Health
1721:Mining
1706:Energy
1532:Rivers
1368:
1366:Brazil
1179:
1169:
1054:
1044:
1004:
994:
794:
758:
522:, the
450:per se
393:rondas
384:mayors
321:, the
144:French
51:, the
43:, the
39:, the
31:, the
29:Brazil
2791:Chile
2649:PiauĂ
2604:Goiás
2594:Ceará
2589:Bahia
2579:Amapá
2499:PiauĂ
2454:Goiás
2439:Ceará
2434:Bahia
2424:Amapá
2351:PiauĂ
2306:Goiás
2291:Ceará
2286:Bahia
2276:Amapá
2250:State
2144:Index
2086:Islam
1946:Music
1883:Youth
1813:Crime
1726:Real
622:The "
530:keep
101:Caput
2816:Peru
2629:Pará
2569:Acre
2479:Pará
2414:Acre
2331:Pará
2266:Acre
1911:Arts
1613:LGBT
1177:OCLC
1167:ISBN
1070:link
1052:OCLC
1042:ISBN
1024:link
1020:link
1002:OCLC
992:ISBN
792:ISBN
756:ISBN
607:and
593:and
518:The
501:Navy
489:Army
461:Army
440:The
362:The
345:The
338:and
329:The
303:ROTA
269:The
256:The
240:The
222:The
74:and
2844:and
2074:LDS
1630:Law
1200:WSJ
579:Law
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