3661:
3691:
661:, for centuries Polish literature focused more on drama and poetic self-expression than on fiction (dominant in the English speaking world). The reasons were manifold but mostly rested on the historical circumstances of the nation. Polish writers typically have had a more profound range of choices to motivate them to write, including past cataclysms of extraordinary violence that swept Poland (as the crossroads of Europe), but also, Poland's collective incongruities demanding an adequate reaction from the writing communities of any given period.
3675:
3668:
3684:
2720:), whose creative personality developed before 1918, and in large part influenced both Interbellum decades (until his death in 1937). The literary life of his contemporaries revolved mostly around the issues of independence. All Polish poets treated the concept of freedom with extreme seriousness, and many patriotic works had emerged at that time, not to mention a particular variant of a poetic cult of
3201:, which engaged in gross violations of human rights. In the years 1944â1956, around 300,000 Polish citizens were arrested, of whom many thousands were sentenced to long-term imprisonment. There were 6,000 death sentences pronounced against political prisoners, the majority of them carried out "in the majesty of the law". Fearing for their proper jobs, many writers associated with the
579:
84:
3247:
2660:(1918â1939) encompasses a short, though exceptionally dynamic period in Polish literary consciousness. The socio-political reality has changed radically with Poland's return to independence. In large part, derivative of these changes was the collective and unobstructed development of programs for artists and writers. New
2986:). All literary outlets were forced to cease operation. Writers who remained at home began organizing literary life in conspiracy, including lectures, evenings of poetry, and secret meetings in the homes of writers and art facilitators. Polish cities where such meetings were held most frequently were:
2699:
were marked by rapid development in the field of poetry, undivided and undiminished for the first time in over a century. From 1918 to 1939, the gradual and successive introduction of new ideas resulted in the formation of separate and distinct trends. The first decade of Polish interwar poetry was
1349:
as part of a preparation for a political career. The studies of poetry required the practical knowledge of writing both Latin and Polish poems, which radically increased the number of poets and versifiers countrywide. On the soil of humanistic education some exceptional writers grew as well: Piotr
37:
1878:
elsewhere in Europe, was largely a movement for independence against the foreign occupation, and expressed the ideals and the traditional way of life of the Polish people. The period of
Romanticism in Poland ended with the Tsarist suppression of the
2700:
clear, constructive, and optimistic; as opposed to the second decade marked by dark visions of the impending war, internal conflicts within the Polish society, and growing pessimism. The whole period was amazingly rich nevertheless. In 1933 the
823:, all artistic life was dramatically compromised. Cultural institutions were lost. Out of 1,500 clandestine publications in Poland, about 200 were devoted to literature. Much of Polish literature written during the
961:. It was recorded by an abbot known simply as Piotr (Peter), referring to an event almost a hundred years earlier. The sentence was supposedly uttered by a Bohemian settler, Bogwal ("Bogwalus Boemus"), a subject of
2998:. Writers participated in setting-up of the underground presses (out of 1,500 clandestine publications in Poland, about 200 were devoted to literature). Many fought in the Polish army in exile or resisted the
1930:), many Polish Romantics worked abroad, often banished from the Polish soil by the occupying power. Their work became dominated by the ideals of freedom and the struggle for regaining their country's lost
2708:
RP); as the highest opinion-forming authority in the country; it awarded Gold and the Silver
Laurels (ZĆoty, and Srebrny Wawrzyn), the two highest national honors for contributions to literature until
5529:
2962:, all artistic life was dramatically compromised. Cultural institutions were lost. The environment was chaotic, and the writers scattered: some found themselves in concentration and labor camps (or
4618:
784:(1918â1939) encompasses a short, though exceptionally dynamic period in Polish literary consciousness. The socio-political reality has changed radically with Poland's return to independence. New
684:
elsewhere in Europe, was largely a movement for independence against the foreign occupation. Early Polish
Romantics were heavily influenced by other European Romantics. Notable writers included
2483:
2266:
of the Polish population by German settlers. The writers worked to educate the public about constructive patriotism, which would enable Polish society to function as a fully integrated "
3167:
2664:
trends had emerged. The period, spanning just twenty years, was full of notable individualities who saw themselves as exponents of changing
European civilization, including
3217:. Death sentences were not enforced, although Father Fudali died in unexplained circumstances, as had 37 other priest and 54 friars already before 1953. Likewise, writer
4227:
896:
5324:
4310:
883:
extending to Slavic songs, legends and beliefs, but early
Christian writers did not deem it worthy of mention in the obligatory Latin, and so it has perished.
4690:
609:
3088:
2821:
4421:
147:
2494:, often called neo-romanticism. The artists and writers following this idea covered a large variety of topics: from the sense of personal mission of a
5253:
3810:
2963:
4568:
1095:
954:
1485:
5165:
3942:
3792:
1831:
1042:
526:
518:
4603:
3787:
3118:
1820:
1803:
1758:
1582:
4654:
2955:
943:" The work in which this phrase appeared reflects the culture of early Poland. The sentence was written within the Latin language chronicle
816:
4634:
4608:
3891:
3214:
3198:
3978:
3156:. Indeed, many writers attempted to recreate the Polish literary scene, often with a touch of nostalgia for the prewar reality, including
4951:
4871:
4680:
3321:
1058:
1867:
4787:
4716:
142:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4626:
1826:
5317:
4956:
4898:
4521:
4506:
4492:
4464:
4365:
4349:
4204:
3928:
3869:
1612:
137:
4379:
4056:
2270:", regardless of adverse circumstances. Poland's Positivist period lasted until the turn of the 20th century and the advent of the
5011:
4986:
4886:
4003:
1454:
921:
650:
504:
152:
5838:
3798:
3782:
3757:
3660:
1670:
1554:
602:
489:
384:
4026:
3911:
1837:
1402:
5588:
3856:
2810:
1610:, and adventurer, whose travel memoirs made him legendary in his homeland. Outside Poland he is known chiefly for his novel,
1133:
2859:
2771:
2669:
2394:
793:
4447:
4905:
4675:
4430:
4398:
4335:
4314:
3762:
2692:). They all contributed to a new model of the twentieth-century Polish culture echoing its own language of everyday life.
2250:
1388:
with some deeper reflections and existential experiences. Notable Polish writers and poets active in this period include:
1180:, laid the foundations for the Polish literary language and modern Polish grammar. The first book written entirely in the
1115:
rule, and many foreign poets and writers settled in Poland, bringing with them new literary trends. Such writers included
633:, though other languages used in Poland over the centuries have also contributed to Polish literary traditions, including
499:
494:
389:
2237:. Questions addressed by Poland's Positivist writers revolved around "organic work," which included the establishment of
1380:(1621â1693), an epicurean courtier and diplomat, extolled in his sophisticated poems the valors of earthly delights; and
5536:
5310:
3690:
3448:
3058:
3047:
2975:
2944:
2838:
2766:
2751:
2738:
2717:
2701:
2689:
2052:
668:
began in the 1730sâ40s and peaked in the second half of the 18th century. Leading Polish
Enlightenment authors included
4272:
1747:
5795:
5188:
4876:
4817:
4792:
4736:
4561:
4076:
William Ansell Day. The
Russian government in Poland : with a narrative of the Polish Insurrection of 1863 (1867)
3190:
1910:, country life, as well as the propagation of the ideals of independence. The most famous writers of the period were:
1786:
1769:
1705:
1448:
1361:
1318:
840:
484:
181:
4501:, ed. by Tamara Trojanowska, Joanna NiĆŒyĆska, and PrzemysĆaw CzapliĆski, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018,
1633:
4153:
4080:
Augustin O'Brien
Petersburg and Warsaw: scenes witnessed during a residence in Poland and Russia in 1863â1864 (1864)
1040:
served as a national anthem. It was one of the first texts reproduced in Polish on a printing press; and so was the
5833:
5807:
5777:
5723:
5223:
5155:
5038:
4685:
4670:
4595:
4114:
3747:
2617:
2599:
2568:
2511:
2467:
2463:
2129:
1111:, the Polish language was finally accepted on an equal footing with Latin. Polish culture and art flourished under
767:
747:
743:
595:
301:
102:
4361:
3946:
5800:
5718:
5477:
5459:
5258:
5135:
5016:
4966:
4844:
4751:
4726:
4540:
3918:
3583:
3477:
3387:
3344:
2959:
2585:
1902:. In the first period, Polish Romantics were heavily influenced by other European Romantics â Their art featured
1558:
1033:
820:
563:
531:
4079:
4075:
3996:
3460:
3412:
2169:
5660:
5556:
5434:
4797:
4761:
4741:
4455:
3490:
1249:
994:
425:
420:
3206:
2850:
2187:
1643:
1561:
of Poland (1795), followed by political, cultural and economic destruction of the country, and leading to the
905:
4418:
5566:
5354:
4976:
4946:
4854:
4731:
4613:
4149:
3706:
3613:
3194:
3132:
All texts published under Soviet rules were strictly censored. Much of Polish literature written during the
3035:
2999:
2971:
2834:
2574:
2503:
2406:
2134:
2064:
1999:
1846:
1809:
1781:
1711:
1546:
1516:
1074:
844:
759:
665:
352:
166:
117:
1001:
5600:
5469:
5236:
5231:
5175:
5068:
5006:
4822:
4802:
4554:
4173:
3424:
2657:
2530:
2435:
2193:
2058:
1976:
1915:
1753:
1736:
1699:
1479:
1131:, which became a melting pot for new ideas and currents. In 1488, the world's first literary society, the
781:
739:
689:
558:
357:
347:
5735:
3064:
2761:
2747:
2713:
2474:. The later ideology emerged in conjunction with the socio-political upheavals across Europe such as the
1742:
5693:
5655:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5389:
5208:
5160:
4991:
4936:
4827:
3712:
3622:
2798:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2450:
in the face of foreign occupation). Artists following this early philosophy of Young Poland believed in
2376:
2263:
2246:
2029:
1566:
1396:
1288:
989:
908:
in his return from
Hungary to Poland. The important tradition of Polish historiography was continued by
848:
201:
122:
107:
5524:
3728:
3640:
3472:
3466:
3303:
3213:
with a slew of prominent signatories, declared full support to persecution of religious leaders by the
3094:
3029:
2756:
2721:
2628:
2459:
2282:
2146:
1649:
1277:
1007:
856:
1384:(1621â1696), the most productive writer of the Polish Baroque, unified the typical opinions of Polish
5782:
5708:
5678:
5665:
5615:
5610:
5578:
5573:
5561:
5414:
5369:
5359:
5246:
5110:
4971:
4866:
4807:
4480:
4090:
3861:
3845:
3804:
3722:
3631:
3572:
3339:
3133:
3052:
2677:
2443:
2382:
2309:
2218:
2181:
2152:
2118:
2089:
2083:
1959:
1899:
1863:
1764:
1693:
1661:
1522:
1491:
1377:
1222:
1112:
1014:
962:
909:
852:
839:
and others. The situation began to worsen dramatically around 1949â1950 with the introduction of the
824:
801:
723:
712:
658:
452:
371:
274:
5787:
5713:
5698:
5683:
5541:
5514:
5484:
5439:
5379:
5374:
5364:
5349:
5333:
5213:
5203:
5130:
5095:
5001:
4893:
4881:
4861:
4834:
4812:
4704:
3674:
3511:
3327:
3218:
3153:
2907:
2865:
2782:
2605:
2321:
2157:
2101:
1955:
1723:
1687:
1577:
1356:
1150:
1120:
974:
945:
708:
642:
308:
290:
245:
222:
206:
196:
5740:
4516:, translated by Agnieszka Polakowska, University of Rochester Press â Boydell & Brewer, 2020,
1841:
5812:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5730:
5703:
5670:
5645:
5625:
5595:
5509:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5464:
5444:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5409:
5399:
5394:
5193:
5140:
5100:
4775:
4221:
3700:
3604:
3418:
3179:
3162:
3157:
3041:
2877:
2709:
2562:
2515:
2388:
2356:
2286:
2163:
1970:
1871:
1727:
1432:
1234:
983:
771:
677:
479:
329:
285:
250:
186:
3175:
3137:
3018:
2895:
2788:
2685:
2681:
2548:
2499:
828:
809:
805:
755:
4240:
3967:
5747:
5605:
5546:
5519:
5504:
5454:
5404:
5384:
5344:
5277:
5150:
5060:
5050:
4996:
4981:
4924:
4910:
4756:
4721:
4586:
4517:
4502:
4488:
4460:
4345:
4200:
4194:
3924:
3865:
3667:
3541:
3505:
3436:
3400:
3381:
3351:
3315:
3122:
3023:
2924:
2913:
2901:
2705:
2673:
2507:
2451:
2400:
2361:
2123:
2106:
2070:
2011:
1988:
1923:
1895:
1792:
1717:
1655:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1467:
1438:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1381:
1335:
1312:
1306:
1189:
1146:
1142:
1128:
872:
797:
776:
763:
697:
545:
415:
407:
280:
264:
127:
112:
94:
74:
3849:
1549:
began in the 1730sâ40s and peaked in the second half of the 18th century during the reign of
5767:
5620:
5583:
5551:
5449:
5078:
4961:
4941:
4849:
4190:
3430:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3210:
3145:
3100:
3083:
2979:
2634:
2455:
2438:(1918). The period was based on two concepts. Its early stage was characterized by a strong
2371:
2345:
2327:
2303:
2210:
2140:
1927:
1880:
1775:
1676:
1637:
1562:
1300:
886:
Within the Polish literary tradition, it is customary to include works that have dealt with
836:
719:
646:
457:
4129:
900:(Deeds of the Princes of the Poles), composed in sophisticated Latin. Gallus was a foreign
5650:
5286:
5198:
5145:
5120:
5115:
4425:
4402:
4169:
4060:
4030:
4007:
3982:
3566:
3529:
3517:
3454:
3406:
3297:
3226:
3007:
2622:
2611:
2475:
2291:
2267:
2214:
2035:
2005:
1951:
1911:
1682:
1573:
1283:
1267:
1228:
1198:
1181:
1177:
1161:
1070:
978:
928:
891:
880:
704:
685:
669:
630:
471:
447:
439:
403:
322:
255:
240:
230:
191:
65:
48:
5021:
3560:
3333:
3189:
The situation began to worsen dramatically around 1949â1950 with the introduction of the
2553:
1944:
functioned as spiritual leader to the suppressed people. The most notable poet among the
4291:
4050:
1061:). In 1475 Kasper Elyan of GĆogĂłw (Glogau) set up a printing shop in WrocĆaw (Breslau),
5241:
5083:
4746:
3734:
3649:
3578:
3309:
3230:
3202:
3183:
3141:
3106:
2889:
2536:
2471:
2175:
1982:
1798:
1595:
1351:
1258:
1207:
1173:
1086:
1050:
917:
860:
832:
751:
553:
315:
4000:
3229:
subordinates for several years and sentenced to death, was pardoned and released only
2253:; and the defense of the Polish population in the German-ruled part of Poland against
703:
In the second period, many Polish
Romantics worked abroad. Influential poets included
5827:
5291:
5183:
4839:
3772:
3767:
3752:
3375:
3222:
3171:
3077:
2983:
2871:
2776:
2732:
2640:
2495:
2297:
2259:
2222:
2040:
1587:
1365:
1138:
1124:
583:
379:
339:
259:
176:
1934:. Elements of mysticism became more prominent. Also in that period, the idea of the
1338:(between 1620 and 1764) was significantly influenced by the great popularization of
5125:
4023:
3683:
3523:
3272:
2967:
2883:
2828:
2816:
2665:
2542:
2431:
2427:
2271:
2238:
2095:
1815:
1550:
1294:
789:
735:
731:
269:
132:
4311:"Otwarcie wystawy "Zbrodnie w majestacie prawa 1944â1956" â KrakĂłw, 2 lutego 2006"
3149:
1240:
1214:). The most notable Polish writers and poets active in the 16th century include:
17:
5088:
3554:
3535:
3136:
appeared in print only after the conclusion of World War II, including books by
2696:
2661:
2519:
2350:
2332:
2255:
2046:
2017:
1945:
1936:
1931:
1887:
1875:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1108:
1028:
970:
966:
827:
appeared in print only after the conclusion of World War II, including books by
785:
681:
673:
52:
43:
36:
4395:
965:, expressing compassion for his own wife who "very often stood grinding by the
5073:
4380:"Devil's Choice. High-ranking Communist Agents in the Polish Catholic Church."
4118:
3442:
2918:
2439:
2315:
2230:
2226:
2023:
1919:
1891:
1603:
1586:(MikoĆaja DoĆwiadczyĆskiego przypadki); he was also a playwright, journalist,
1169:
1023:
950:
936:
693:
4541:
Plenty of z's but far from dull: Why you should get to know Polish literature
4534:
2974:), many more joined the ranks of the Polish underground resistance movement (
1049:
In the early 1470s, one of the first printing houses in Poland was set up by
1036:
written down in the 15th century, though popular at least a century earlier.
859:(1996). In the early 21st century, yet another writer was awarded the Prize:
4033:
Wydawnictwa Akademii UmiejÄtnoĆci w Krakowie. Biblioteka PisarzĂłw Polskich.
3261:
3205:
publishing empire embraced the Sovietization of Polish culture. In 1953 the
2940:
2423:
1116:
727:
654:
83:
4034:
3884:
2991:
2704:(PAL) was founded by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic (
2579:
1883:, marked by public executions by the Russians and deportations to Siberia.
1565:
of Polish elites. The Enlightenment ended around 1822, and was replaced by
1203:
1137:(Vistula Literary Society) was founded in KrakĂłw. Notable members included
1054:
913:
1866:
carried out by the neighboring empires â which ended the existence of the
847:. Poland had three Nobel Prize winning authors in the later 20th century:
3777:
3257:
2242:
1907:
1385:
1346:
1185:
1066:
1625:. Notable Polish writers and poets of the Enlightenment period include:
4499:
Being Poland. A New History of Polish Literature and Culture Since 1918
4130:"GĆĂłwne gatunki literackie uprawiane w dwudziestoleciu miÄdzywojennym."
4052:
Regina Libertas: Liberty in Polish Eighteenth-Century Political Thought
3716:
2995:
2458:, conflict between human values and civilization, and the existence of
2112:
1903:
1211:
1062:
958:
638:
235:
5302:
4292:
Heroizacja i deheroizacja postaci w literaturze wojennej i powojennej.
4256:
1206:
in 1513 at one of Poland's first printing establishments, operated by
1168:), who became one of the most notable Latin poets of his time and was
4577:
2987:
2510:, to criticism of Polish society and Polish revolutionary history by
2274:
movement. Prominent writers and poets of Polish Positivism included:
2234:
1993:
1373:
1339:
1085:(1475): a printed collection of Polish and Latin prayers; as well as
1026:
were influenced heavily by the Latin sacred literature. They include
887:
626:
2712:
in 1939. One of the most prominent poets of the interwar period was
894:, the first historian to have described Poland in his work entitled
4514:
Polish Literature and National Identity: A Postcolonial Perspective
4546:
3148:
and others. The Soviet takeover of the country did not discourage
1343:
1157:
1077:
hierarchs. The most notable texts produced in that period include
876:
634:
3889:"Polska" official promotional website of the Republic of Poland.
2502:'s prose, through condemnation of social inequality in works by
901:
5306:
4550:
4487:, 2nd edition, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1983,
4362:
Ks. JĂłzef Fudali (1915â1955), kapĆan Archidiecezji Krakowskiej.
2522:
inspiring a new sense of hope. Writers of this period include:
1898:
of 1830; and the second between 1830 and 1864, giving birth to
3968:
The MikoĆaj Rej collection, with biography and body of works.
3240:
3182:
approached the catastrophe of war from their own perspective.
890:, even if not written by ethnic Poles. This is the case with
726:
began to advocate skepticism and the exercise of reason. The
2966:), others were deported out of the country; some emigrated (
1617:
which has drawn comparisons to such celebrated works as the
3152:
and exiles from returning, especially before the advent of
1962:. Polish writers and poets of the Romantic period include:
3186:
coined a term "borderline novel" for documentary fiction.
977:
include the oldest extant manuscript of fine prose in the
4453:
The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression,
4111:
SĆownik artystĂłw polskich i obcych w Polsce dziaĆajÄ
cych.
871:
Almost nothing remains of Polish literature prior to the
1576:(1735â1801), known locally as "the Prince of Poets" and
3268:
754:. The neo-Romantic era was exemplified by the works of
2434:, came into being around 1890, and concluded with the
1081:
printed partially in Polish in the late 14th century;
738:, came into being around 1890, and concluded with the
4449:
Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression
2462:. Prominent authors who followed this trend included
3170:. His novel was adapted into film a decade later by
5222:
5174:
5059:
5037:
4923:
4774:
4703:
4663:
4594:
4585:
3010:. Best-known representatives of the war years are:
3913:Columbia dictionary of modern European literature.
1572:One of the leading Polish Enlightenment poets was
4257:âMedalionyâ na tle Ăłwczesnej literatury wojennej.
1890:falls into two distinct periods, both defined by
1127:. Many Polish writers studied abroad, and at the
780:inspiring a new sense of hope. Literature of the
629:. Most Polish literature has been written in the
1350:Kochanowski (1566â1620) gave his translation of
897:Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum
4524:(Rochester Studies in East and Central Europe).
1342:high schools, which offered education based on
4535:Polish literature in the Catholic Encyclopedia
4037:. NakĆadem Akademii UmiejÄtnoĆci. 1910. 119s.
1894:: the first around 1820â1830, ending with the
5318:
4562:
4001:Baroque in Polish poetry of the 17th century.
3166:, describing (according to Communist design)
2518:received a Nobel Prize in literature for his
1812:(1768â1838), first Polish chemistry text book
1598:. Another prominent writer of the period was
949:from between 1269 and 1273, a history of the
774:received a Nobel Prize in literature for his
603:
8:
4226:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
935:" ("Let me grind, and you take a rest") â a
29:
4199:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 451.
4193:, Piotr WrĂłbel, Richard J. Kozicki (1996).
3910:Jean Albert Bédé, William Benbow Edgerton,
3002:in a civil capacity. The generation of the
1160:as his principal vehicle of expression was
5325:
5311:
5303:
5043:
4929:
4780:
4709:
4591:
4569:
4555:
4547:
4241:Literatura II wojny Ćwiatowej. Opis epoki.
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
1580:, author of the first Polish novel called
1303:(1543?â1614), historiographer, genealogist
1006:from the 14th century, not to mention the
987:, as well as the earliest Polish-language
920:, a Polish priest and secretary to Bishop
610:
596:
60:
4196:Historical dictionary of Poland, 966â1945
4154:1989: Dwa dwudziestolecia (jednej epoki).
3174:. The new emerging prose writers such as
3006:born around 1920, were active during the
1368:, became known among European nations as
1046:(Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze ĆmierciÄ
).
1043:Master Polikarp's Conversation with Death
1032:(Mother of God), a hymn in praise of the
3599:
3197:, on behalf of the increasingly violent
2430:movement in visual arts, literature and
1652:(1700â1773), "O skutecznym rad sposobie"
1069:printing house was founded at KrakĂłw by
734:movement in visual arts, literature and
4024:"Pisma Jana Dzwonowskiego (1608â1625)."
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3823:
328:
321:
314:
307:
300:
72:
4337:Still Alive: An Autobiographical Essay
4262:(Klp.pl). Retrieved 26 September 2011.
4219:
4170:Literatura Dwudziestolecia i okupacji.
4066:, Poland. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
4013:, Poland. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
3793:Socialist realism in Polish literature
3502:
3294:
3015:
2729:
2527:
2279:
2241:for all members of society, including
1967:
1733:
1630:
1557:. It went into sharp decline with the
1532:Jan z Kijan (Dzwonowski?, early 1600s)
1393:
1274:
1219:
1096:Catalogus archiepiscoporum Gnesnensium
28:
3945:. Staropolska on-line. Archived from
3788:Science fiction and fantasy in Poland
3225:(the Home Army), tortured in jail by
3119:Polish literature during World War II
2490:and others. It was a continuation of
1950:, so recognized in both periods, was
1583:The Adventures of Mr. Nicholas Wisdom
7:
4109:J. Maurin-BiaĆostocka, J. Derwojed,
3885:"Experience Poland: Polish culture"
3811:Korzeniacy, czyli JesieĆ wsamrazkĂłw
3168:Anti-communist resistance in Poland
1245:Communae Poloniae Regni privilegium
1184:appeared in this period â It was a
1172:by the Pope. Other writers such as
927:The first recorded sentence in the
879:inhabitants certainly possessed an
4434:, Wydawnictwo "WAM", KrakĂłw 2009.
1926:. In the second period (after the
1821:Towarzystwo do KsiÄ
g Elementarnych
1759:Towarzystwo do KsiÄ
g Elementarnych
41:Title page of the 1834 edition of
25:
4627:Partitions, duchies and kingdoms
4366:Institute of National Remembrance
3943:"MIDDLE AGES LITERARY BACKGROUND"
3851:The History of Polish Literature.
1954:. Other two national poets were:
1613:The Manuscript Found in Saragossa
912:, a thirteenth-century Bishop of
742:(1918). Notable authors included
5012:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
4485:The History of Polish Literature
4446:Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer,
4273:Komu jest dziĆ potrzebny pisarz?
4095:The History of Polish Literature
3689:
3682:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3245:
1832:ZakĆad Narodowy im. OssoliĆskich
1602:(1761â1815), a Polish nobleman,
1334:The literature in the period of
1202:, Eden of the Soul), printed in
1083:Statua synodalia Wratislaviensia
1065:. Twenty years later, the first
577:
82:
35:
4279:. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
4275:Portal artystyczno â literacki
4054:, by Anna GrzeĆkowiak-Krwawicz.
3799:Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich
3783:Sapphic stanza in Polish poetry
3758:List of Polish-language authors
2436:Poland's return to independence
2209:In the aftermath of the failed
1940:(nation's bard) developed. The
1473:Szymon Zimorowic (1608?â1629),
933:Day ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai
740:Poland's return to independence
718:In the aftermath of the failed
4159:. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
3857:University of California Press
3342:(1911 – 2004),
3260:format but may read better as
2811:Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska
2217:occupation, the new period of
1411:Kasper Miaskowski (1550?â1622)
1192:(c. 1465 â after 1529) called
1134:Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana
1093:from the 15th century and his
996:Chronicle of Janko of CzarnkĂłw
973:Polish works in Latin and the
51:, the most notable poet among
1:
4113:Warszawska Drukarnia Naukowa
4049:Jacek Adamczyk, book review:
3972:(Cyfrowa Biblioteka Narodowa
3763:List of Polish-language poets
3499:
3322:Konstanty Ildefons GaĆczyĆski
3291:
3012:
2726:
2524:
2276:
1964:
1627:
1390:
1216:
625:is the literary tradition of
4406:Katolicka Gazeta Internetowa
4369:. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
4246:Retrieved 26 September 2011.
4139:Retrieved 24 September 2011.
3647:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3602:
2945:Polish Academy of Literature
2739:Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski
2702:Polish Academy of Literature
2442:opposition to the ideals of
2053:Franciszek Salezy Dmochowski
1947:leading bards of Romanticism
1827:JĂłzef Maksymilian OssoliĆski
1671:StanisĆaw August Poniatowski
1555:StanisĆaw August Poniatowski
1059:spread of the printing press
4793:Central European Initiative
4604:Prehistory and protohistory
3892:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3215:Ministry of Public Security
2960:Soviet occupation of Poland
2772:StanisĆaw Ignacy Witkiewicz
1804:Towarzystwo PrzyjaciĂłĆ Nauk
1706:Franciszek Salezy Jezierski
1449:Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski
1362:Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski
1319:Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski
1022:Most early texts in Polish
821:Soviet occupation of Poland
794:StanisĆaw Ignacy Witkiewicz
5855:
4431:Instytut PamiÄci Narodowej
4315:Instytut PamiÄci Narodowej
3941:MikoĆ, Michael J. (1999).
3874:Retrieved 18 October 2011.
3748:Canon of Polish literature
3551:
3488:
3397:
3116:
3074:
2938:
2847:
2825:(The Clepsydra Sanatorium)
2596:
2569:Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer
2464:Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer
2342:
2221:âwhich took its name from
2080:
1464:
1455:JĂłzef BartĆomiej Zimorowic
1376:) for his Latin writings;
873:country's Christianization
744:Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer
5340:
5271:
5046:
4932:
4783:
4712:
4401:14 September 2011 at the
3919:Columbia University Press
3753:List of Poles: Literature
3584:Nobel Prize in Literature
3478:Nobel Prize in Literature
3449:JarosĆaw Marek Rymkiewicz
3345:Nobel Prize in Literature
3059:Krzysztof Kamil BaczyĆski
3048:Gustaw Herling-GrudziĆski
2743:Lenin: God of the Godless
2586:Nobel Prize in Literature
1886:The literature of Polish
1838:Andrzej StanisĆaw ZaĆuski
1559:Third and final Partition
1225:(Hussowczyk, 1480?â1533?)
1156:A Polish writer who used
1079:Saint Florian's Breviary,
941:Sine, ut ego etiam molam.
34:
4788:Administrative divisions
4456:Harvard University Press
4059:22 February 2014 at the
4029:2 September 2012 at the
4006:22 February 2014 at the
3981:3 September 2011 at the
3970:National Digital Library
3491:Polish underground press
2822:Sanatorium Pod KlepsydrÄ
2418:Young Poland (1890â1918)
2395:Aleksander ĆwiÄtochowski
2285:(1819â76), precursor of
1250:Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
148:Polish People's Republic
4987:Regional GDP per capita
4543:, CNN, 18 November 2013
4385:(CFP), 10 January 2007.
4150:Jagiellonian University
3269:converting this article
3089:This Way for the Gas...
2468:StanisĆaw Przybyszewski
2130:JĂłzef Ignacy Kraszewski
1782:Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
1107:With the advent of the
1075:Eastern Orthodox Church
748:StanisĆaw Przybyszewski
53:Poland's Romantic bards
5839:Literature by language
5254:Orders and decorations
4394:Dr StanisĆaw Krajski,
4174:Wydawnictwo Literackie
4157:Dwutygodnik Literatura
4148:Prof. Marian Stala of
3854:Google Books preview.
3388:MaĆgorzata Musierowicz
2658:Second Polish Republic
2484:Norwegian independence
1977:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
1868:sovereign Polish state
1664:(1720â1784), magazine
1403:MikoĆaj SÄp SzarzyĆski
1254:De Republica emendanda
969:." Most notable early
782:Second Polish Republic
4512:Dariusz SkĂłrczewski,
4424:25 April 2012 at the
4342:Yale University Press
3713:Isaac Bashevis Singer
3623:Isaac Bashevis Singer
3053:A World Apart: Memoir
2939:Further information:
2860:StanisĆaw MĆodoĆŒeniec
2851:JarosĆaw Iwaszkiewicz
2799:Zofia Kossak-Szczucka
2652:Interbellum (1918â39)
2480:Nicholas II of Russia
2211:January 1863 Uprising
2188:MieczysĆaw Romanowski
2030:Klementyna Hoffmanowa
1881:January 1863 Uprising
1748:KuĆșnica KoĆĆÄ
tajowska
1634:StanisĆaw LeszczyĆski
1513:(Morstyn, 1628?â1689)
1494:(1621â1693), leading
1441:(c. 1592 â c. 1641),
1397:Sebastian Grabowiecki
1370:Horatius christianus
1270:(Ianicius, 1516â1542)
906:BolesĆaw III Wrymouth
904:who accompanied King
849:Isaac Bashevis Singer
5166:World Heritage Sites
3805:Kashubian literature
3737:(2018, awarded 2019)
3134:Occupation of Poland
2835:Kazimierz WierzyĆski
2618:Tadeusz Boy-Ć»eleĆski
2600:StanisĆaw WyspiaĆski
2512:StanisĆaw WyspiaĆski
2426:period known as the
2407:Maria RodziewiczĂłwna
2233:and the exercise of
2153:Cyprian Kamil Norwid
2065:JĂłzef Bohdan Zaleski
2000:Kazimierz BrodziĆski
1847:Biblioteka ZaĆuskich
1787:Constitution of 1791
1770:Constitution of 1791
1712:Franciszek KarpiĆski
1662:Franciszek Bohomolec
1578:Poland's La Fontaine
1569:at home and abroad.
1547:Polish Enlightenment
1523:Jan Chryzostom Pasek
1517:StanisĆaw Grochowski
1492:Jan Andrzej Morsztyn
1378:Jan Andrzej Morsztyn
990:Bible of Queen Zofia
825:Occupation of Poland
768:StanisĆaw WyspiaĆski
730:period known as the
722:, the new period of
666:Polish Enlightenment
527:World Heritage Sites
265:North Central Romani
5334:European literature
4906:Political prisoners
4459:, 1999, 858 pages.
3997:StanisĆaw BaraĆczak
3461:StanisĆaw BaraĆczak
3425:Halina PoĆwiatowska
3413:Ryszard KapuĆciĆski
3219:Kazimierz Moczarski
2695:The two decades of
2531:WacĆaw Sieroszewski
2444:its own predecessor
2194:Jadwiga Ćuszczewska
2170:WĆadysĆaw Syrokomla
2059:Seweryn GoszczyĆski
1916:Seweryn GoszczyĆski
1754:Franciszek ZabĆocki
1737:Franciszek KniaĆșnin
1724:Izabela Czartoryska
1700:StanisĆaw Trembecki
1688:Fables and Parables
1480:Krzysztof OpaliĆski
1357:Jerusalem Delivered
1151:Laurentius Corvinus
1121:Filippo Buonaccorsi
975:Old Polish language
690:Seweryn GoszczyĆski
31:
4408:, 1 December 2001.
4255:Dorota Blednicka,
3729:WisĆawa Szymborska
3701:Henryk Sienkiewicz
3641:WisĆawa Szymborska
3605:Henryk Sienkiewicz
3473:WisĆawa Szymborska
3419:Joanna Chmielewska
3304:Pola GojawiczyĆska
3271:, if appropriate.
3191:Stalinist doctrine
3180:Stefan Kisielewski
3163:Ashes and Diamonds
3158:Jerzy Andrzejewski
3095:Miron BiaĆoszewski
3042:Krystyna Krahelska
3030:Melchior WaĆkowicz
2878:Maria Kuncewiczowa
2855:The Maids of Wilko
2757:Kornel MakuszyĆski
2750:(c. 1877 â 1937),
2710:invasion of Poland
2656:Literature of the
2563:Franciszek Nowicki
2516:Henryk Sienkiewicz
2460:art for art's sake
2389:Kazimierz Zalewski
2357:Henryk Sienkiewicz
2287:feminism in Poland
2283:Narcyza ƻmichowska
2164:Teofil Lenartowicz
2147:Narcyza ƻmichowska
1971:Maria Wirtemberska
1872:Polish Romanticism
1728:Czartoryski Museum
1650:StanisĆaw Konarski
1644:ElĆŒbieta DruĆŒbacka
1623:the Arabian Nights
1567:Polish Romanticism
1551:Poland's last king
1443:Lekcyje Kupidynowe
1433:Szymon Starowolski
1263:KrĂłtka rozprawa...
1235:Johannes Dantiscus
984:Holy Cross Sermons
922:Zbigniew OleĆnicki
857:WisĆawa Szymborska
841:Stalinist doctrine
772:Henryk Sienkiewicz
678:Polish Romanticism
5834:Polish literature
5821:
5820:
5300:
5299:
5267:
5266:
5189:Ethnic minorities
5033:
5032:
4919:
4918:
4872:Political parties
4818:Foreign relations
4770:
4769:
4699:
4698:
4655:Poland since 1989
4419:KoĆciĂłĆ w Okowach
4383:Canada Free Press
4295:Literatura Online
4260:Kulturalna Polska
4133:Kulturalna Polska
3707:WĆadysĆaw Reymont
3697:
3696:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3614:WĆadysĆaw Reymont
3609:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3573:Mariusz SzczygieĆ
3506:Andrzej Sapkowski
3487:
3486:
3481:
3401:Bogdan Czaykowski
3382:Andrzej Zaniewski
3352:Kazimierz Brandys
3348:
3316:Sergiusz Piasecki
3290:
3289:
3115:
3114:
2937:
2936:
2925:Zuzanna Ginczanka
2914:Witold Gombrowicz
2807:
2795:(Nights and Days)
2649:
2648:
2589:
2575:WĆadysĆaw Reymont
2559:
2520:patriotic Trilogy
2508:Gabriela Zapolska
2504:WĆadysĆaw Reymont
2415:
2414:
2401:Gabriela Zapolska
2368:
2367:Nobel Prize, 1905
2300:(1825 or 1827â97)
2225:'s philosophy of
2219:Polish Positivism
2202:
2201:
2182:Teodor Tomasz JeĆŒ
2124:Nie-boska Komedia
2119:Zygmunt KrasiĆski
2090:Lucjan SiemieĆski
2084:MichaĆ Czajkowski
2071:Maurycy Mochnacki
2012:Antoni Malczewski
1989:Aleksander Fredro
1960:Zygmunt KrasiĆski
1924:Maurycy Mochnacki
1906:and imagination,
1900:Polish Positivism
1896:November uprising
1855:
1854:
1810:JÄdrzej Ćniadecki
1765:StanisĆaw Staszic
1718:Jan Piotr Norblin
1694:Onufry KopczyĆski
1656:Barbara Sanguszko
1538:
1537:
1511:Zbigniew Morsztyn
1468:Samuel Twardowski
1445:(Cupid's Lessons)
1439:Kasper Twardowski
1427:Hieronim Morsztyn
1421:Daniel Naborowski
1415:Piotr Kochanowski
1327:
1326:
1313:Daniel Naborowski
1307:Szymon Szymonowic
1223:MikoĆaj Hussowski
1210:(originally from
1190:Biernat of Lublin
1147:Filip Callimachus
1143:Albert Brudzewski
963:BolesĆaw the Tall
946:Liber fundationis
910:Wincenty KadĆubek
875:in 966. Poland's
798:Witold Gombrowicz
788:writers included
764:Gabriela Zapolska
760:WĆadysĆaw Reymont
724:Polish Positivism
713:Zygmunt KrasiĆski
698:Maurycy Mochnacki
623:Polish literature
620:
619:
584:Poland portal
182:Ethnic minorities
75:Culture of Poland
59:
58:
30:Polish literature
18:Polish Literature
16:(Redirected from
5846:
5744:
5674:
5533:
5473:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5304:
5280:
5044:
5025:
4952:Economic history
4942:Balcerowicz Plan
4930:
4781:
4717:Cities and towns
4710:
4650:Communist Poland
4630:
4622:
4592:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4539:Michael Kandel,
4468:
4467:. Pages 377â378.
4444:
4438:
4437:
4415:
4409:
4392:
4386:
4376:
4370:
4359:
4353:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4297:(gacek.prv.pl).
4289:
4283:
4282:
4269:
4263:
4253:
4247:
4244:Streszczenia.pl.
4238:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4191:Jerzy Jan Lerski
4187:
4181:
4180:
4177:, Krakow, 2011.
4166:
4160:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4127:
4121:
4117:, WrocĆaw 1979,
4108:
4104:
4098:
4088:
4082:
4073:
4067:
4064:Instytut KsiÄ
ĆŒki
4047:
4041:
4040:
4020:
4014:
4011:Instytut KsiÄ
ĆŒki
3994:
3988:
3987:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3908:
3895:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3843:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3600:
3582:
3512:Dorota MasĆowska
3500:
3476:
3431:Janusz A. Zajdel
3370:Andrzej Kijowski
3364:Tadeusz Konwicki
3343:
3328:Jan DobraczyĆski
3292:
3285:
3282:
3276:
3267:You can help by
3249:
3248:
3241:
3233:of this period.
3199:Communist regime
3101:Zbigniew Herbert
3084:Tadeusz Borowski
3065:Tadeusz RĂłĆŒewicz
3013:
2964:Nazi-era ghettos
2954:In the years of
2908:JĂłzef Mackiewicz
2866:Antoni SĆonimski
2805:
2783:Stefan GrabiĆski
2762:KozioĆek MatoĆek
2748:BolesĆaw LeĆmian
2727:
2714:BolesĆaw LeĆmian
2606:Tadeusz MiciĆski
2584:
2557:
2525:
2366:
2346:Maria Konopnicka
2328:Eliza Orzeszkowa
2322:Adolf DygasiĆski
2277:
2141:Gustaw Ehrenberg
2102:Juliusz SĆowacki
1965:
1956:Juliusz SĆowacki
1928:January uprising
1677:Adam Naruszewicz
1628:
1594:from French and
1563:Great Emigration
1486:Ćukasz OpaliĆski
1391:
1301:Bartosz Paprocki
1217:
1018:
1005:
815:In the years of
720:January uprising
709:Juliusz SĆowacki
672:(1735â1801) and
612:
605:
598:
582:
581:
580:
86:
77:
61:
39:
32:
21:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5808:Western Lombard
5778:Turkish Cypriot
5738:
5724:Scottish Gaelic
5672:
5527:
5471:
5336:
5331:
5301:
5296:
5283:
5276:
5263:
5218:
5170:
5136:Public holidays
5055:
5029:
5023:
5017:Venture capital
4915:
4845:Law enforcement
4766:
4752:Protected areas
4695:
4659:
4628:
4620:
4581:
4575:
4531:
4477:
4472:
4471:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4426:Wayback Machine
4417:JĂłzef Marecki,
4416:
4412:
4403:Wayback Machine
4396:"ZabiÄ ksiÄĆŒy."
4393:
4389:
4378:David Dastych,
4377:
4373:
4360:
4356:
4352:, Google Print.
4333:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4271:Janusz Termer,
4270:
4266:
4254:
4250:
4239:
4235:
4218:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4167:
4163:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4089:
4085:
4074:
4070:
4061:Wayback Machine
4048:
4044:
4038:
4031:Wayback Machine
4022:Karol Badecki,
4021:
4017:
4008:Wayback Machine
3995:
3991:
3985:
3983:Wayback Machine
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3949:on 22 July 2012
3940:
3939:
3935:
3923:
3909:
3898:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3844:
3825:
3820:
3744:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3596:Nobel laureates
3567:Andrzej Stasiuk
3530:Wojciech Kuczok
3518:Marek Krajewski
3498:
3493:
3467:SĆawomir MroĆŒek
3455:Leopold Tyrmand
3407:Adam Zagajewski
3298:Gustaw Morcinek
3286:
3280:
3277:
3266:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3176:StanisĆaw Dygat
3130:
3125:
3019:Zofia NaĆkowska
3008:Warsaw uprising
2952:
2947:
2896:Bruno JasieĆski
2789:Maria DÄ
browska
2654:
2629:WĆadysĆaw Orkan
2623:Zielony Balonik
2612:Tadeusz Rittner
2549:Stefan ƻeromski
2500:Stefan ƻeromski
2498:exemplified by
2488:Moroccan Crisis
2476:1905 Revolution
2420:
2292:Edmund Chojecki
2268:social organism
2251:Jewish minority
2207:
2036:Adam Mickiewicz
2006:Henryk Rzewuski
1952:Adam Mickiewicz
1912:Adam Mickiewicz
1860:
1683:Ignacy Krasicki
1574:Ignacy Krasicki
1543:
1506:Wojna Chocimska
1332:
1284:Jan Kochanowski
1278:Ćukasz GĂłrnicki
1268:Klemens Janicki
1229:Andrzej Krzycki
1199:Hortulus Animae
1182:Polish language
1178:Jan Kochanowski
1162:Klemens Janicki
1105:
1071:Schweipolt Fiol
1012:
999:
979:Polish language
929:Polish language
892:Gallus Anonymus
881:oral literature
869:
810:Zofia NaĆkowska
806:Maria DÄ
browska
756:Stefan ƻeromski
705:Adam Mickiewicz
686:Adam Mickiewicz
670:Ignacy Krasicki
657:. According to
631:Polish language
616:
578:
576:
569:
568:
564:National anthem
549:
548:
537:
536:
522:
521:
510:
509:
475:
474:
463:
462:
443:
442:
431:
430:
411:
410:
408:performing arts
395:
394:
375:
374:
363:
362:
343:
342:
296:
295:
226:
225:
214:
213:
212:
211:
170:
169:
158:
157:
98:
97:
73:
55:
49:Adam Mickiewicz
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5852:
5850:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5826:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5733:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5589:Northern Irish
5581:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5478:Middle English
5475:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5281:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5180:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4992:Stock exchange
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4911:VisegrĂĄd Group
4908:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4894:Prime Minister
4891:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4855:Prison Service
4852:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4798:Climate change
4795:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4747:Poland A and B
4744:
4742:National parks
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4640:Interwar years
4637:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580: articles
4576:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4529:External links
4527:
4526:
4525:
4510:
4496:
4481:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
4476:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4439:
4410:
4387:
4371:
4354:
4327:
4302:
4284:
4264:
4248:
4233:
4205:
4182:
4161:
4141:
4122:
4099:
4091:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
4083:
4068:
4042:
4015:
3989:
3960:
3933:
3896:
3877:
3846:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
3822:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3802:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3735:Olga Tokarczuk
3732:
3726:
3723:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
3720:
3710:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3650:Olga Tokarczuk
3646:
3637:
3632:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
3628:
3619:
3610:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3579:Olga Tokarczuk
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:Remigiusz MrĂłz
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3497:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3437:RafaĆ Wojaczek
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3340:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3310:Aleksander Wat
3307:
3301:
3288:
3287:
3253:
3251:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3184:Kazimierz Wyka
3129:
3126:
3123:Sztuka i NarĂłd
3113:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:Jerzy Ficowski
3104:
3098:
3092:
3081:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3045:
3039:
3027:
2951:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2911:
2905:
2902:Julian PrzyboĆ
2899:
2893:
2890:Aleksander Wat
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2832:
2826:
2814:
2808:
2796:
2786:
2780:
2769:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2706:Rada MinistrĂłw
2653:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2546:
2540:
2537:Jan Kasprowicz
2534:
2472:Jan Kasprowicz
2419:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2369:
2354:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2310:MichaĆ BaĆucki
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2176:Kornel Ujejski
2173:
2167:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2127:
2116:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1986:
1983:Antoni Gorecki
1980:
1974:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1835:
1824:
1813:
1807:
1799:Tadeusz Czacki
1796:
1793:Jakub JasiĆski
1790:
1779:
1773:
1762:
1751:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1636:(1677â1766), "
1545:The period of
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:WacĆaw Potocki
1499:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1400:
1382:WacĆaw Potocki
1352:Torquato Tasso
1336:Polish Baroque
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1208:Florian Ungler
1129:KrakĂłw Academy
1104:
1101:
1051:Kasper Straube
1009:PuĆawy Psalter
939:of the Latin "
868:
865:
861:Olga Tokarczuk
853:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
802:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
752:Jan Kasprowicz
664:The period of
659:CzesĆaw MiĆosz
618:
617:
615:
614:
607:
600:
592:
589:
588:
587:
586:
571:
570:
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566:
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4:
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2:
5851:
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5811:
5809:
5806:
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5799:
5797:
5794:
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5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
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5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
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5664:
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5659:
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5654:
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5609:
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5508:
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5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5472:(Anglo-Saxon)
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Crimean Tatar
5433:
5431:
5428:
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5129:
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5119:
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5018:
5015:
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5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4972:Merchant Navy
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
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4856:
4853:
4851:
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4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4763:
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4758:
4755:
4753:
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4748:
4745:
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4740:
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4723:
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4711:
4708:
4706:
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4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4619:Early Modern
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4522:9781580469784
4519:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:9781442650183
4504:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4493:0-520-04477-0
4490:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4466:
4465:0-674-07608-7
4462:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4450:
4443:
4440:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4350:0-300-10561-4
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4331:
4328:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4296:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4208:
4206:0-313-26007-9
4202:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4046:
4043:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3961:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3929:0-231-03717-1
3926:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3871:
3870:0-520-04477-0
3867:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Polish poetry
3771:
3769:
3768:Polish comics
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3585:
3581:(born 1962),
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3479:
3475:(1923â2012),
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:Andrzej Bursa
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3358:StanisĆaw Lem
3356:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3275:is available.
3274:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3254:This article
3252:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:Armia Krajowa
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:(1922â1951),
3085:
3082:
3079:
3078:Tadeusz Gajcy
3076:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:(1919â2000),
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3036:Monte Cassino
3032:(1892â1974),
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:(1884â1954),
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2931:(On Centaurs)
2930:
2927:(1917â1945),
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:(1904â1969),
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:(1894â1980),
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:(1894â1969),
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2819:(1892â1942),
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2801:(1890â1968),
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:(1889â1965),
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:(1885â1939),
2773:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2759:(1884â1953),
2758:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:(1876â1945),
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:Andrzej Strug
2731:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2642:
2641:Leopold Staff
2639:
2636:
2635:WacĆaw Berent
2633:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:(1874â1941),
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2577:(1867â1925),
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2551:(1864â1925),
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2374:(1847â1912),
2373:
2372:BolesĆaw Prus
2370:
2364:
2363:
2359:(1846â1916),
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:(1842â1910),
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2330:(1841â1910),
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:JĂłzef Szujski
2302:
2299:
2298:Maria Ilnicka
2296:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:Germanization
2258:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:Auguste Comte
2220:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2155:(1821â1883),
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:(1812â1887),
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:(1812â1859),
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2104:(1809â1849),
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2038:(1798â1855),
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:(1791â1876),
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1937:poeta-wieszcz
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1842:JĂłzef ZaĆuski
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:(1771â1847),
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:(1765â1813),
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1784:(1758â1841),
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:Jan Ćniadecki
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:(1755â1826),
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:(1754â1821),
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1745:(1750â1812),
1744:
1743:Hugo KoĆĆÄ
taj
1741:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1726:(1746â1835),
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:(1735â1801),
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1638:GĆos wolny...
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:encyclopedist
1585:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1541:Enlightenment
1540:
1531:
1528:
1525:(1636â1701),
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:(1621â1696),
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:(1550â1581),
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:poet laureate
1363:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:(1530â1584),
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:(1505â1569),
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:(1503â1572),
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:(1499â1560),
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Conrad Celtes
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1125:Conrad Celtis
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1003:
998:
997:
992:
991:
986:
985:
981:entitled the
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:monastery in
952:
948:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
916:, as well as
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:(1761â1815).
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
613:
608:
606:
601:
599:
594:
593:
591:
590:
585:
575:
574:
573:
572:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
547:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
514:
513:
506:
505:Winter sports
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
473:
467:
466:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
435:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
409:
405:
399:
398:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
373:
367:
366:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
341:
335:
334:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
306:
303:
299:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
260:Baltic Romani
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
224:
218:
217:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
168:
162:
161:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
118:Enlightenment
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
96:
90:
89:
85:
81:
80:
76:
71:
67:
63:
62:
54:
50:
46:
45:
38:
33:
27:
19:
5688:
5470:Old English
5355:Anglo-Norman
5237:Coat of arms
5176:Demographics
5126:Polish names
5105:
5096:Folk beliefs
5069:Architecture
5007:Unemployment
4947:Central bank
4823:Human rights
4803:Constitution
4645:World War II
4513:
4498:
4484:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4429:
4413:
4405:
4390:
4382:
4374:
4364:
4357:
4341:
4339:, p.172-173.
4336:
4330:
4318:. Retrieved
4305:
4294:
4287:
4276:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4236:
4210:. Retrieved
4195:
4185:
4172:
4168:Marta Wyka,
4164:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4125:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4071:
4063:
4051:
4045:
4018:
4010:
3992:
3986:(in English)
3973:
3969:
3963:
3953:25 September
3951:. Retrieved
3947:the original
3936:
3917:
3912:
3894:, 2008â2011.
3888:
3880:
3855:
3850:
3809:
3797:
3561:PaweĆ Huelle
3524:Joanna Bator
3496:1989âpresent
3334:Marek HĆasko
3281:January 2011
3278:
3273:Editing help
3255:
3193:by minister
3188:
3161:
3160:, author of
3131:
3087:
3051:
3033:
3022:
3003:
2953:
2950:World War II
2929:O Centaurach
2928:
2917:
2884:Jan Brzechwa
2854:
2829:Julian Tuwim
2820:
2817:Bruno Schulz
2802:
2792:
2777:Nienasycenie
2775:
2760:
2742:
2694:
2655:
2621:
2578:
2554:PrzedwioĆnie
2552:
2543:Antoni Lange
2448:organic work
2447:
2428:Young Poland
2421:
2381:
2375:
2360:
2349:
2331:
2272:Young Poland
2264:displacement
2254:
2249:of Poland's
2247:assimilation
2239:equal rights
2208:
2156:
2133:
2122:
2111:
2105:
2096:Wincenty Pol
2045:
2039:
1992:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1904:emotionalism
1892:insurgencies
1885:
1861:
1845:
1830:
1819:
1816:Samuel Linde
1802:
1785:
1768:
1757:
1746:
1686:
1665:
1646:(1695?â1765)
1622:
1618:
1611:
1604:Egyptologist
1581:
1571:
1544:
1526:
1505:
1474:
1470:(1600?â1661)
1442:
1406:
1369:
1355:
1333:
1295:Piotr Skarga
1287:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1197:
1193:
1165:
1155:
1132:
1113:Jagiellonian
1106:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1048:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1021:
1008:
995:
988:
982:
944:
940:
932:
926:
895:
885:
870:
843:by minister
814:
790:Julian Tuwim
775:
732:Young Poland
717:
702:
663:
622:
621:
559:Coat of arms
490:Horse Racing
358:Architecture
270:Sinte Romani
143:World War II
133:Young Poland
42:
26:
5739: [
5673:(Provençal)
5661:Montenegrin
5528: [
5209:Health care
5161:Video games
5101:Folk dances
4937:Agriculture
4877:Politicians
4676:Demographic
4635:World War I
4629:(1795â1918)
4621:(1569â1795)
4609:Middle Ages
4436:PDF 385 KB.
4428:, page 14.
4299:(in Polish)
4281:(in Polish)
4179:(in Polish)
4137:(in Polish)
4107:(in Polish)
4039:(in Polish)
3653:(born 1962)
3644:(1923â2012)
3635:(1911â2004)
3617:(1865â1925)
3608:(1846â1916)
3575:(born 1966)
3569:(born 1960)
3563:(born 1957)
3557:(1952â2020)
3555:Jerzy Pilch
3544:(born 1987)
3538:(born 1964)
3536:Zyta Rudzka
3532:(born 1972)
3526:(born 1968)
3520:(born 1966)
3514:(born 1983)
3508:(born 1948)
3469:(1930-2013)
3463:(1946â2014)
3457:(1920â1985)
3451:(1935â2022)
3445:(born 1945)
3439:(1945â1971)
3433:(1938â1985)
3427:(1935â1967)
3421:(1932â2013)
3415:(1932â2007)
3409:(1945â2021)
3403:(1932â2007)
3390:(born 1945)
3384:(born 1939)
3378:(1932â1957)
3372:(1928â1985)
3366:(1926â2015)
3360:(1921â2006)
3354:(1916â2000)
3336:(1934â1969)
3330:(1910â1994)
3324:(1905â1953)
3318:(1901â1964)
3312:(1900â1967)
3306:(1896â1963)
3300:(1891â1963)
3227:Romkowski's
3211:Kruczkowski
3109:(1924â2006)
3103:(1924â1998)
3097:(1922â1983)
3080:(1922â1944)
3067:(1921â2014)
3061:(1921â1944)
3044:(1914â1944)
2904:(1901â1970)
2898:(1901â1938)
2892:(1900â1967)
2886:(1900â1966)
2880:(1899â1989)
2874:(1899â1956)
2868:(1895â1976)
2862:(1895â1959)
2831:(1894â1953)
2813:(1891â1945)
2793:Noce i dnie
2785:(1887â1936)
2735:(1871â1937)
2716:(member of
2697:Interbellum
2662:avant-garde
2643:(1878â1957)
2637:(1878â1940)
2631:(1875â1930)
2614:(1873â1921)
2608:(1873â1918)
2602:(1869â1907)
2571:(1865â1940)
2565:(1864â1935)
2545:(1863â1929)
2539:(1860â1926)
2533:(1858â1945)
2492:romanticism
2446:(promoting
2409:(1863â1944)
2403:(1857â1921)
2397:(1849â1938)
2391:(1849â1919)
2333:Nad Niemnem
2324:(1839â1902)
2312:(1837â1901)
2256:Kulturkampf
2229:âadvocated
2196:(1834â1908)
2190:(1834â1863)
2184:(1824â1915)
2178:(1823â1897)
2172:(1823â1862)
2166:(1822â1893)
2149:(1819â1876)
2143:(1818â1895)
2098:(1807â1882)
2092:(1807â1877)
2086:(1804â1886)
2073:(1803â1834)
2067:(1802â1886)
2061:(1801â1876)
2055:(1801â1871)
2047:Pan Tadeusz
2032:(1798â1845)
2026:(1796â1855)
2020:(1796â1846)
2018:Jan Czeczot
2014:(1793â1826)
2008:(1791â1866)
2002:(1791â1835)
1985:(1787â1861)
1979:(1770â1861)
1973:(1768â1854)
1932:sovereignty
1888:Romanticism
1876:Romanticism
1858:Romanticism
1795:(1759â1794)
1778:(1756â1830)
1739:(1750â1807)
1720:(1745â1830)
1714:(1741â1825)
1708:(1740â1791)
1702:(1739â1812)
1696:(1736â1817)
1679:(1733â1796)
1673:(1732â1798)
1658:(1718â1791)
1600:Jan Potocki
1519:(1633â1645)
1488:(1612â1666)
1482:(1611â1655)
1457:(1597â1677)
1451:(1595â1640)
1435:(1588â1656)
1429:(1581â1623)
1423:(1573â1640)
1417:(1566â1620)
1399:(1543â1607)
1372:(Christian
1321:(1595â1640)
1315:(1573â1640)
1309:(1558â1629)
1297:(1536â1612)
1280:(1524â1603)
1259:MikoĆaj Rej
1237:(1485â1548)
1231:(1482â1537)
1186:prayer-book
1174:MikoĆaj Rej
1109:Renaissance
1103:Renaissance
1087:Jan DĆugosz
1038:Bogurodzica
1034:Virgin Mary
1029:Bogurodzica
1013: [
1000: [
967:quern-stone
918:Jan DĆugosz
867:Middle Ages
855:(1980) and
786:avant-garde
682:Romanticism
674:Jan Potocki
275:Vlax Romani
202:Health care
138:Interbellum
123:Romanticism
108:Renaissance
103:Middle Ages
44:Pan Tadeusz
5828:Categories
5796:in English
5694:Portuguese
5641:Macedonian
5636:Luxembourg
5631:Lithuanian
5390:Belarusian
5156:Traditions
5106:Literature
5024:(currency)
4867:Parliament
4808:Corruption
4475:References
4334:Jan Kott,
4277:Pisarze pl
4212:5 December
4119:Ossolineum
3916:Page 632.
3489:See also:
3443:Ewa Lipska
3231:at the end
3203:Borejsza's
3117:See also:
3024:Medallions
2972:WierzyĆski
2919:Ferdydurke
2872:Jan LechoĆ
2674:Gombrowicz
2514:. In 1905
2316:Adam Asnyk
2231:skepticism
2227:Positivism
2205:Positivism
2158:Vade-mecum
2135:Stara baĆĆ
2024:Tomasz Zan
1920:Tomasz Zan
1870:in 1795 â
1864:partitions
1592:translator
1527:Pamietniki
1475:Roksolanki
1194:Raj duszny
1024:vernacular
951:Cistercian
937:paraphrase
770:. In 1905
694:Tomasz Zan
643:Lithuanian
500:Volleyball
495:Motorsport
453:Television
372:Literature
302:Traditions
291:Vilamovian
246:Lithuanian
153:Modern-day
128:Positivism
5783:Ukrainian
5709:Sardinian
5679:Old Norse
5666:Norwegian
5611:Kashubian
5579:Icelandic
5574:Hungarian
5415:Bulgarian
5370:Aromanian
5360:Aragonese
5214:Languages
5204:Education
5131:Name days
5002:Transport
4882:President
4835:Judiciary
4813:Elections
4737:Mountains
4705:Geography
4222:cite book
4097:, p. 284.
3626:(1902â91)
3237:1956â1989
3209:, run by
3207:ZLP Union
3154:Stalinism
3138:NaĆkowska
3000:Holocaust
2976:BaczyĆski
2941:Skamander
2910:(1902â85)
2806:(trilogy)
2803:KrzyĆŒowcy
2722:PiĆsudski
2686:NaĆkowska
2682:DÄ
browska
2558:(trilogy)
2456:symbolism
2452:decadence
2440:aesthetic
2424:modernist
2362:Quo Vadis
2318:(1838â97)
2306:(1835â83)
2294:(1822â99)
2243:feminists
2107:Balladyna
1874:, unlike
1619:Decameron
1529:(memoirs)
1241:Jan Ćaski
1117:Kallimach
1091:Chronicle
829:NaĆkowska
777:Quo Vadis
728:modernist
680:, unlike
655:Esperanto
519:Monuments
426:Musicians
421:Composers
323:Festivals
309:Mythology
286:Kashubian
251:Ruthenian
223:Languages
207:Languages
197:Education
5801:in Welsh
5788:Venetian
5736:Silesian
5714:Scottish
5699:Romanian
5684:Ossetian
5671:Occitan
5656:Moldovan
5601:JĂšrriais
5562:medieval
5542:Georgian
5537:Galician
5515:Friulian
5485:Estonian
5440:Croatian
5380:Austrian
5375:Asturian
5365:Armenian
5350:Albanian
5287:Category
5194:Refugees
5141:Religion
4862:Military
4776:Politics
4686:Military
4681:Economic
4671:Cultural
4664:By topic
4614:Monarchs
4596:Timeline
4422:Archived
4399:Archived
4344:, 1994,
4057:Archived
4027:Archived
4004:Archived
3979:Archived
3976:), 2006.
3922:, 1980.
3864:, 1983.
3862:Berkeley
3778:Samizdat
3742:See also
3195:Sokorski
3146:Borowski
3142:Rudnicki
3034:Bitwa o
3004:Kolumbs,
2980:Borowski
2478:against
2377:The Doll
2262:and the
2213:against
1908:folklore
1608:linguist
1386:szlachta
1347:classics
1170:laureled
1166:Ianicius
1067:Cyrillic
993:and the
971:medieval
955:HenrykĂłw
931:reads: "
851:(1978),
845:Sokorski
837:Borowski
833:Rudnicki
485:Handball
480:Football
353:Painters
330:Religion
281:Silesian
187:Refugees
66:a series
64:Part of
5813:Yiddish
5773:Turkish
5763:Swedish
5758:Spanish
5753:Slovene
5731:Serbian
5704:Russian
5646:Maltese
5626:Latvian
5616:Kosovar
5596:Italian
5557:ancient
5510:Frisian
5500:Flemish
5495:Finnish
5490:Faroese
5465:English
5445:Cypriot
5430:Cornish
5425:Chuvash
5420:Catalan
5410:British
5400:Bosnian
5395:Belgian
5278:Outline
5259:Polonia
5224:Symbols
5151:Theatre
5084:Cuisine
5061:Culture
5051:Lawyers
5039:Society
4997:Tourism
4982:Poverty
4967:Exports
4925:Economy
4757:Regions
4727:Islands
4722:Forests
4587:History
3717:Yiddish
3715:(1978,
3549:
3395:
3150:ĂmigrĂ©s
3128:1945â56
3072:
2845:
2670:Witkacy
2594:
2383:Pharaoh
2340:
2215:Russian
2113:Kordian
2078:
1942:wieszcz
1862:Due to
1666:Monitor
1496:Baroque
1462:
1330:Baroque
1289:Laments
1212:Bavaria
1063:Silesia
959:Silesia
647:Russian
639:Yiddish
546:Symbols
532:Castles
416:Theatre
385:Authors
348:Artists
316:Cuisine
236:Yiddish
113:Baroque
95:History
5792:Welsh
5748:Slovak
5689:Polish
5606:Kazakh
5567:modern
5547:German
5525:Gagauz
5520:Gaelic
5505:French
5455:Danish
5405:Breton
5385:Basque
5345:Abkhaz
5292:Portal
5232:Anthem
5079:Cinema
5022:ZĆoty
4977:Mining
4962:Energy
4850:Police
4762:Rivers
4691:Postal
4578:Poland
4520:
4505:
4491:
4463:
4348:
4320:1 June
4203:
4035:KrakĂłw
3974:Polona
3927:
3868:
3731:(1996)
3725:(1980)
3709:(1924)
3703:(1905)
3586:, 2018
3480:, 1996
3347:, 1980
3256:is in
2992:KrakĂłw
2988:Warsaw
2956:German
2678:MiĆosz
2588:, 1924
2580:ChĆopi
2486:, the
2482:, the
2245:; the
2235:reason
2041:Dziady
1994:Zemsta
1374:Horace
1340:Jesuit
1204:KrakĂłw
1176:, and
1123:) and
1057:(see:
1055:KrakĂłw
914:KrakĂłw
888:Poland
817:German
766:, and
651:German
627:Poland
458:Cinema
380:Comics
256:Romani
241:German
231:Polish
167:People
68:on the
5768:Swiss
5743:]
5719:Scots
5621:Latin
5584:Irish
5552:Greek
5532:]
5460:Dutch
5450:Czech
5199:Crime
5184:Poles
5146:Sport
5121:Names
5116:Music
5111:Media
4732:Lakes
3818:Notes
3262:prose
3221:from
3172:Wajda
2984:Gajcy
2968:Tuwim
2666:Tuwim
2432:music
1596:Greek
1344:Latin
1158:Latin
1017:]
1004:]
877:pagan
736:music
635:Latin
472:Sport
448:Radio
440:Media
404:Music
390:Poets
192:Crime
177:Poles
5651:Manx
5247:list
5242:Flag
5089:Wine
4899:List
4887:List
4828:LGBT
4518:ISBN
4503:ISBN
4489:ISBN
4461:ISBN
4346:ISBN
4322:2011
4228:link
4214:2011
4201:ISBN
4078:and
3955:2008
3925:ISBN
3866:ISBN
3258:list
3178:and
3121:and
2996:LwĂłw
2994:and
2958:and
2943:and
2684:and
2506:and
2496:Pole
2470:and
2422:The
2351:Rota
1958:and
1922:and
1840:and
1621:and
1590:and
1498:poet
1407:Rymy
1364:, a
1149:and
1073:for
902:monk
819:and
808:and
750:and
711:and
696:and
653:and
554:Flag
406:and
5074:Art
4957:EEZ
4840:Law
4115:PAN
2839:PAL
2767:PAL
2752:PAL
2718:PAL
2690:PAL
1354:'s
1188:by
1089:'s
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