683:
663:
643:
631:
619:
607:
370:
357:
1716:
707:
2031:, but leaving the fortress city of Mantua well-defended. At this point divisions between the allies became clear, as Spain laid claim to Mantua, and also refused to guarantee Milan to Charles Emmanuel. In response, Charles Emmanuel refused to allow his siege equipment to be used against Mantua. As a result, the Franco-Spanish army was unable to do more than blockade the city. When Charles Emmanuel withdrew his forces from the area, the allies were forced to retreat, and the beleaguered Austrians capitalized, eventually recovering most of Milan against little opposition in November.
437:
425:
258:
3092:
399:
1395:
332:
517:
505:
493:
481:
461:
1859:
541:
529:
285:
271:
49:
449:
695:
313:
1264:
385:
3346:
1413:
1575:
3355:
3367:
131:
553:
297:
595:
583:
571:
2040:
344:
1788:, gaining control of both objectives in a few weeks. Unable to attack Austria directly, and unwilling to invade the intervening German states for fear of drawing Great Britain and the Dutch into the conflict, France consolidated its position in Lorraine, and withdrew its troops across the Rhine for the winter.
1935:, his second, was wounded. Charles Emmanuel returned the next day to retake command, and resumed his delaying tactics by failing to immediately pursue the retreating Austrians. The Austrians retreated to the Po, where they were reinforced by additional troops and placed under the command of Field Marshal
1221:
took the crowns of Naples and Sicily. The
Bourbons won most territorial gains, as the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar went from being the Holy Roman Empire's fiefs to those of France, while the Spanish Bourbons gained two new kingdoms: Naples and Sicily. For their part, the Austrian Habsburgs received
1518:
river and the protection of
Russian troops. This group, numbering about 3,000, elected Frederick August II King of Poland as Augustus III on October 5. Despite the fact that this group was a minority, Russia and Austria, intent on maintaining their influence within Poland, recognised Augustus as
2051:
As early as
February 1734 the British and Dutch had offered to mediate peace talks between the various parties of the conflict. By early 1735, proposals were being circulated. As 1735 progressed with the Austrians being in no real position to continue the fight, and the French concerned by the
1887:
to secure the Alpine passes against
Austrian reinforcements, Charles Emmanuel, mistrustful of his French allies and their dealings with Spain, sought to secure Milan. The army spent the next three months eliminating Austrian opposition from the remaining fortified towns in the duchy. Villars
1888:
attempted to interest Don Carlos of Parma in joining the expedition against Mantua, but Carlos was focused on the campaign into Naples. Villars began to move against Mantua, but
Charles Emmanuel resisted, and the army made little progress. In early May, an Austrian army of 40,000 under
1623:
mediated between the parties, but were anxious themselves to not have war on their doorstep again. The heavy toll of the previous wars against France on the Dutch economy was still in fresh memory. In early 1733, it appeared that the Dutch
Republic was on the verge of war with Prussia.
1970:
In southern Italy, the
Austrians, choosing a strategy of defending a large number of fortresses, were soundly defeated. Don Carlos assembled an army composed primarily of Spaniards, but also including some troops from France and Savoy. Moving south through the
2107:
The French (and their allies), hoping for détente and good relations with the
Austrians, now also recognized the Pragmatic Sanction that would allow Emperor Charles's daughter Maria Theresa to succeed him. This proved a hollow guarantee, however, as the French
1870:
French and
Savoyard troops numbering over 50,000, under the command of Charles Emmanuel, entered Milanese territory as early as 10 October, against minimal resistance, as the Austrian forces in the duchy numbered only about 12,000. By 3 November, the city of
2112:
to partition the
Habsburg monarchy after all following the death of Charles in 1740. The acquisition of Lorraine for the former Polish king, however, proved of lasting benefit to France, as it passed under direct French rule with Stanisław's death in 1766.
1751:
and eventually to France. This ended major military activity in Poland itself, although it continued to be occupied by foreign troops as Augustus dealt with partisan supporters of Stanisław. A group of nobles and aristocrats supporting Stanisław formed the
1509:
entered Poland in a bid to influence the sejm's decision. On September 4, France openly declared its support for Leszczyński, who was elected king by a sejm of 12,000 delegates on September 12. A group of nobles, led by Lithuanian magnates including Duke
2077:
gave up Parma, which came under Austrian rule, but he was richly compensated by being confirmed instead as king of Naples and Sicily. Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia received territories in the western part of the Duchy of Milan west of the
1834:, but the growing imperial army, which came to include troops from Russia that had assisted with the capture of Danzig, was able to prevent France from establishing a siege there, and Eugene went on the offensive. A force of 30,000 under
1431:
Augustus II died on 1 February 1733. Throughout the spring and summer of 1733, France built up its forces along its northern and eastern frontiers, while the emperor massed troops on the Commonwealth's borders, reducing garrisons in the
1827:, made some attempts to relieve the siege, but never made any decisive attacks against the besieging army owing to its size and the relatively poor quality of the troops under his command. Berwick was killed by a shell at Philippsburg.
2027:, elevated to Marshal after his successful contributions to the Rhine campaign. They were also joined by Spanish forces in May, now available after the successes in the south. In response to this threat, Königsegg retreated into the
1628:
exerted pressure on Prussia, aiming to align the Republic with Austria. However, this attempt proved unsuccessful as the Dutch chose to remain neutral. The threat of war still forced the Dutch Republic to increase the size of
5492:
5467:
1671:
The Austrians were thus left largely without effective external allies on their southern and western frontiers. Their Russian and Saxon allies were occupied with the Polish campaign, and the Emperor distrusted
992:
2022:
The armies in northern Italy suffered significantly over the winter, with significant losses to disease and desertion. For the 1735 campaign the allied forces in northern Italy came under the command of the
5105:
2496:
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden als grote mogendheid: Buitenlandse politiek en oorlogvoering in de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw en in het bijzonder tijdens de Oostenrijkse Successieoorlog
804:
5472:
3405:
787:
1440:
had recommended a more warlike posture to the emperor against potential French actions in the Rhine valley and northern Italy, only minimal steps were taken to improve imperial defenses on the Rhine.
4315:
2059:
in November 1738. Augustus was officially confirmed as king of Poland, Stanisław was compensated with Lorraine (which would pass on his death, through his daughter, to the French), while the former
743:
1258:
1896:
and threatened to close in on the French army's rear by a flanking maneuver. Villars responded by abandoning his advance on Mantua and attempted to interrupt the Austrian army's crossing of the
5502:
1955:, and in another bloody encounter, was beaten back, losing among others Frederick of Württemberg. Königsegg retreated across the Po, adopting a defensive position between the Po and the
1225:
The war proved disastrous for Polish–Lithuanian independence, and re-affirmed that the affairs of the Poland–Lithuania, including the election of its ruler, were controlled by the other
1490:, a Polish fief (of which she had been duchess prior to her ascension to the Russian throne) which would have otherwise come under direct Polish rule on the death of the current duke,
4462:
2552:
1633:, just at a time the Dutch had hoped to be able to reduce it appreciably. The French had no wish to provoke Britain and the Dutch Republic and carefully chose not to campaign in the
753:
985:
5154:
1467:
in March 1733. Delegates to this sejm passed a resolution forbidding the candidacy of foreigners; this would explicitly exclude both Emmanuel of Portugal and Augustus II's son,
5203:
3279:
1298:, the right of any member to block its decisions. The Commonwealth's neighbors often influenced the Sejm, and by the early 18th-century the democratic system was in decline.
3322:
3848:
3009:
545:
2121:
1375:, bringing Austria dangerously close to France. Simultaneously, Philip wanted to regain the Italian territories ceded to Austria in 1714, which led to the Franco-Spanish
736:
3484:
2101:
978:
78:
5169:
4499:
521:
5033:
4725:
5288:
3235:
1812:
1900:. Villars, frustrated by Charles Emmanuel's delaying tactics and refusual to cooperate, quit the army on May 27. He fell ill on the way back to France and died in
1289:
5366:
4174:
1478:
Frederick August negotiated agreements with Austria and Russia in July 1733. In exchange for Russian support, he agreed to give up any remaining Polish claims to
5462:
5142:
3612:
2615:
849:
3751:
2792:
729:
33:
5383:
1951:
in response to Austrian maneuvers, but one detachment of nearly 3,000 men was surrounded and captured by the advancing Austrians. On 19 September, Königsegg
533:
37:
5482:
5095:
5090:
4350:
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1991:, and the fortresses held by the Austrians in the city were quickly captured. While maintaining a blockade of the largest Austrian fortresses at Capua and
1932:
647:
5011:
949:
4411:
4170:
3378:
4637:
2880:
869:
687:
2444:
Navarro i Soriano, Ferran (2019). Harca, harca, harca! Músiques per a la recreació històrica de la Guerra de Successió (1794-1715). Editorial DENES.
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with Spain, which included promises of French assistance in the Spanish conquest of Naples and Sicily. France also made diplomatic overtures to
777:
3545:
3410:
3400:
2720:
1292:, the legislative body of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, increasingly restricted royal power. In turn, the Sejm was often paralyzed by the
1222:
two Italian duchies in return, though Parma would soon revert to the Bourbons. Tuscany would be held by the Habsburgs until the Napoleonic era.
5243:
5174:
4467:
4401:
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2538:
2012:
1684:, signed a secret agreement with France in November 1733, and tried, with limited success, to dissuade other rulers within the empire from the
782:
1337:
5447:
4771:
2465:
2449:
2413:
2346:
2323:
1947:, very nearly capturing Coigny and taking among other prizes Charles Emmanuel's china. Two days later the French withdrew to a position near
1916:
509:
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4275:
3573:
3034:
2684:
2630:
2620:
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4055:
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305:
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possible arrival of Russian reinforcements on the Rhine (which did eventually occur), negotiations continued through the summer of 1735.
5147:
1995:, a large portion of the allied army gave chase to the remaining Austrian forces. These finally attempted a stand in late May, and were
1936:
1920:
1597:. Such expectations quickly dissipated as both the Dutch and the British chose to pursue a policy of neutrality. British Prime Minister
699:
497:
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1835:
623:
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4736:
4714:
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4656:
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4627:
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4252:
4166:
4136:
3976:
3910:
2948:
161:
4472:
2504:
2484:
100:
5487:
4666:
3942:
2990:
2117:
1744:
1511:
1330:
1112:
879:
587:
289:
4328:
2093:
Although fighting stopped after the preliminary peace in 1735, the final peace settlement had to wait until the death of the last
1613:
who wanted to aid the Austrians against France, but Walpole's dominant position ensured that Britain stayed out of the conflict.
1249:, was not integrated into it and fell under strong Russian influence that only ended with the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917.
824:
4905:
4841:
4579:
3458:
2561:
1559:
1487:
1322:
1242:
1143:
557:
235:
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Geschichte des Kämpfe Österreichs: Feldzüge des Prinzen Eugen von Savoyen: Nach den Feldacten und anderen authentischen Quellen
1889:
1230:
819:
667:
4766:
3957:
1688:
family from providing troops to the emperor under their treaty obligations. While Britain itself did not provide support, the
904:
4730:
4035:
2403:
2372:
2138:
2109:
1880:
1673:
1625:
711:
485:
4437:
4203:
3709:
3600:
2996:
2766:
2760:
2748:
2742:
2725:
1142:
The war's major military campaigns and battles occurred outside the borders of Poland–Lithuania. The Bourbons, supported by
844:
5181:
4932:
4661:
4487:
4482:
3317:
3288:
2587:
2133:
2064:
2019:, who was under 14 then, also participated in the French and Spanish Siege of Gaeta, making his first exposure to battle.
1876:
1792:
1609:
was a purely defensive agreement, while Austria was in this instance the aggressor. This position was attacked by British
1368:
1349:
1202:
1167:
829:
229:
429:
5258:
5228:
5223:
5164:
5053:
5048:
5016:
4957:
4878:
4836:
4198:
4153:
3658:
3062:
2786:
2525:
2357:
1816:
1041:
899:
4089:
1911:
river in June, but it was not until late in that month that they were able to cross the river and approach the city of
122:
61:
5393:
5376:
5248:
5117:
5085:
5021:
4910:
4801:
4786:
4622:
4310:
4059:
4004:
3999:
3550:
3091:
1394:
944:
914:
814:
799:
1400:
1306:
1237:
and cease to exist as a sovereign state by the end of the 18th century. Poland–Lithuania also surrendered claims to
1186:
262:
71:
65:
57:
2364:
History of Austrian Battles: Campaigns of Prince Eugene of Savoy: from the field records and other authentic sources
1959:
while Charles Emmanuel again did not capitalize on his victory. When he finally withdrew most of the allied army to
1676:, who was willing to provide some aid. Divisions within the empire also affected the raising of troops in 1733, as
809:
5293:
4831:
4821:
4791:
4781:
4396:
4336:
4288:
4023:
4011:
3332:
3307:
3196:
2625:
2024:
1791:
The emperor mobilized his active forces in response to the French attacks, and began the process of calling up the
1753:
1693:
1495:
1353:
5026:
4121:
3437:
3169:
3163:
2609:
5132:
4826:
4028:
3115:
2028:
1677:
1502:
1285:
1226:
959:
919:
213:
4979:
4079:
3415:
1943:
river, Königsegg on September 15 took advantage of lax security and executed a raid on Coigny's headquarters at
1858:
82:
5452:
5273:
5198:
4554:
4116:
2569:
1761:
1760:, tried to fight the Russian and Saxon troops, but their efforts were ineffective. In what became known as the
1715:
1590:
1498:, a document designed to guarantee inheritance of the Austrian throne to Maria Theresa, Charles' oldest child.
1171:
453:
5186:
5100:
3818:
3638:
3493:
3390:
2826:
1772:
Following France's 10 October declaration of war, it began military operations three days later, invading the
1747:. Danzig capitulated in June 1734, and Stanisław was forced to flee once more, this time first to the city of
1656:
with Charles Emmanuel and prepared for military operations in northern Italy. It concluded the (also secret)
4915:
4534:
4126:
4104:
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3836:
3021:
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2044:
1820:
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1602:
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1175:
635:
181:
5388:
5063:
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4519:
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2836:
2821:
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1740:
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1318:
1302:
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1206:
1136:
1100:
1026:
1021:
909:
336:
225:
135:
5278:
5038:
4099:
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became French chief minister in 1726, he sought a closer relationship with Spain, helped by the birth of
1344:
ensured the separation of France and Spain despite the close relationship between Louis XV and his uncle
5318:
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4416:
4298:
4226:
4109:
3935:
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2982:
2831:
2097:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1720:
1689:
1620:
1404:
1275:
1135:
mobilized to support the eventual victor. The fighting in Poland–Lithuania resulted in the accession of
1061:
1056:
3426:
1522:
On 10 October, France declared war on Austria and Saxony. Louis XV was later joined by his uncle, King
1367:, a strategic possession occupied by France for large parts of the previous century. The current duke
4851:
4524:
4421:
4391:
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3930:
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3801:
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3302:
3226:
3216:
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2074:
1928:
1777:
1685:
1634:
1535:
1310:
1234:
1218:
1128:
1051:
1016:
792:
694:
390:
204:
2104:
in 1737, to allow the territorial exchanges provided for by the peace settlement to go into effect.
1883:, joined Charles Emmanuel in Milan on 11 November. While Villars wanted to move immediately against
5426:
5356:
5213:
4741:
4676:
4447:
3900:
3511:
3327:
2936:
2015:, finally negotiated surrender terms when he ran out of ammunition. The Jacobite pretender's heir,
1976:
1952:
1819:, which fell after a siege of two months in July 1734. Eugene, who was accompanied by Crown Prince
1066:
5416:
5398:
5351:
5333:
5313:
4952:
4704:
4602:
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4457:
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4160:
3922:
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3149:
3133:
3050:
2967:
2886:
2852:
2804:
2689:
2663:
2652:
2592:
2382:
2293:
2285:
2116:
Stanisław signed the act of abdication in 1736, while Augustus III pronounced a general amnesty.
1681:
1422:
1326:
1124:
706:
404:
3177:
1764:, held in June–July 1736, Augustus was confirmed as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
1263:
5323:
5263:
5070:
4996:
4974:
4873:
4751:
4564:
4544:
4539:
4529:
4364:
4221:
4040:
4016:
3952:
3865:
3756:
3468:
3395:
3121:
2754:
2500:
2480:
2461:
2445:
2434:
2409:
2342:
2319:
1996:
1924:
1863:
1847:
1843:
1773:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1582:
1551:
1547:
1527:
1523:
1491:
1472:
1460:
1456:
1364:
1345:
1214:
1198:
1190:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1120:
1108:
1071:
1046:
1036:
1031:
954:
924:
854:
682:
662:
642:
630:
618:
606:
516:
504:
492:
480:
460:
375:
362:
276:
209:
5308:
5253:
5159:
4900:
4671:
4641:
4607:
4452:
4231:
4185:
4045:
3984:
3917:
3895:
3875:
3734:
3714:
3583:
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3002:
2961:
2930:
2707:
2277:
2060:
1617:
1464:
1377:
1341:
1116:
929:
671:
651:
469:
5328:
5075:
4927:
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4569:
4549:
4236:
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3109:
2713:
2394:
1555:
1531:
1104:
1088:
611:
2520:
1850:
in October 1735, in one of the last battles before preliminary peace terms were reached.
1702:(imperial war) was declared against France, obliging all imperial states to participate.
1574:
1185:
ended the war formally, which confirmed Augustus III as king of Poland and his opponent
17:
5411:
5238:
5001:
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4368:
3994:
3345:
2079:
1665:
1642:
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1433:
1309:
in 1705, he returned four years later and Stanisław fled to France, where his daughter
1210:
1132:
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570:
552:
448:
349:
318:
301:
296:
219:
3354:
5441:
5371:
5208:
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2424:
2366:] (in German). Verlag des K.K. Generalstabes, in Commission bei C. Gerold's Sohn.
2297:
2239:
1908:
1757:
1748:
1539:
1372:
1170:, while territorial gains in northern Italy were limited despite bloody campaigning.
441:
1939:. After two months of inaction, during which the armies faced each other across the
1412:
1139:, who in addition to Russia and Saxony, was politically supported by the Habsburgs.
130:
32:
This article is about the 18th-century conflict. For the 16th-century conflict, see
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Van Alphen, Marc; Hoffenaar, Jan; Lemmers, Alan; Van der Spek, Christiaan (2019).
1526:, who hoped to secure territories in Italy for his sons by his second marriage to
1329:
agreed to oppose the election of either Stanislaus or Augustus III and to support
2268:
Lodge, Richard (1931). "English Neutrality in the War of the Polish Succession".
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in a fruitless attempt to draw them into the conflict in support of Stanisław.
1514:(the former Lithuanian grand chancellor nominated by Augustus II), crossed the
1321:, leading to a contest for the throne when he died in 1733. In the secret 1732
1174:'s unwillingness to support Habsburg Austria demonstrated the infirmity of the
970:
5268:
5218:
5137:
5006:
3535:
3530:
2676:
2670:
2055:
A preliminary peace was finally concluded in October 1735 and ratified in the
1897:
1803:. In the spring of 1734 French maneuvers successfully flanked this line, and
1785:
1728:
1696:
also ruled as an Imperial Elector, proved willing to help. On 9 April 1734, a
1506:
1317:
in 1725. Augustus failed in an attempt to settle the Polish crown on his son,
575:
2254:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 981–982.
1743:
by a Russian-Saxon army that came under the overall command of Field Marshal
4856:
3257:
2338:
2316:
The King's honor & the King's Cardinal: the war of the Polish succession
2243:
2039:
1948:
1944:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1652:
On Austria's southern border, France in November 1733 negotiated the secret
1147:
165:
1999:. Capua and Gaeta were then properly besieged while Austrian fortresses in
1494:, who had no heirs. To the Austrian emperor he promised recognition of the
1284:, a body composed of the Polish–Lithuanian nobility, in a specially-called
1278:
in 1572, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania was elected by the
2374:
History of the kingdom of Naples, 1734–1825, with a suppl, Parts 1825–1856
1360:
in 1729, which seemed to ensure that the countries would remain separate.
5421:
5283:
4293:
3245:
1589:
When hostilities finally broke out, the Austrians had hoped for aid from
1578:
1443:
The Marquis de Monti, France's ambassador in Warsaw, convinced the rival
1314:
1280:
3421:
2289:
2087:
1960:
1940:
1830:
French armies continued to advance along the Rhine, reaching as far as
1824:
1735:
and installed Augustus as potential heir, forcing Stanisław to flee to
1515:
1479:
1238:
1095:; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the
2198:
721:
4360:
2094:
2083:
2000:
1984:
1884:
1736:
1732:
1661:
1233:, himself a Russian puppet, and ultimately Poland–Lithuania would be
2433:] (in French). Paris: Librairie de Firmin-Didot et Cie. p.
2281:
1915:, where the allied forces, now under the command of French marshals
1363:
Fleury supported Stanisław, hoping to weaken Austria and secure the
2122:
Grand Hetman and commander-in-chief of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1963:, the Austrians advanced on the north bank of the Po as far as the
2521:
The war of the Polish succession by Vajiravudh, King of Siam, 1901
2038:
1992:
1980:
1956:
1931:
on 29 June, the Austrians were beaten back, Mercy was killed, and
1912:
1901:
1872:
1857:
1839:
1831:
1807:
was forced to withdraw these forces to the imperial encampment at
1781:
1714:
1573:
1262:
1229:. After August III, there would only be one more king of Poland,
1155:
540:
528:
284:
169:
1988:
1893:
1601:
justified British neutrality in the conflict by noting that the
1246:
4332:
3261:
2534:
974:
725:
42:
5468:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
2458:
Krijgsmacht en Handelsgeest: Om het machtsevenwicht in Europa
1987:
by the city fathers, as the Austrian viceroy had fled toward
1967:
before both armies entered winter quarters in December 1734.
1305:
became king due to Austrian and Russian backing. Deposed by
2477:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
1838:
crossed the Rhine and began pushing the French back toward
152:(1 year, 11 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
1505:. On 11 August, 30,000 Russian troops under Field Marshal
3406:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
2371:
Colletta, Pietro; Horner, Ann Susan (translator) (1858).
1562:, who hoped to secure gains from the Austrian duchies of
2307:
The Cambridge Modern History; Volume VI The 18th century
1875:
itself had surrendered, although the Austrian governor,
1259:
History of Poland in the early modern period (1569–1795)
27:
18th century Succession wars for the Polish Commonwealth
5493:
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth–Russian Empire relations
1879:, still held the fortress. France's great general, the
1181:
Although a preliminary peace was reached in 1735, the
1146:, moved against isolated Habsburg territories. In the
5155:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1975:, his army flanked the frontline Austrian defense at
1811:. This cleared the way for the French army under the
1107:
widened in pursuit of their own national interests.
5342:
4943:
4695:
4593:
4512:
4430:
4380:
4274:
4251:
4184:
4135:
4070:
3975:
3817:
3637:
3628:
3492:
3483:
3446:
3377:
3295:
3225:
3206:
3187:
3148:
3102:
3043:
2814:
2735:
2639:
2602:
2578:
2568:
1907:Mercy's forces made repeated attempts to cross the
2408:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
2356:Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy. Kriegsarchiv (1891).
5473:Wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2335:German armies: war and German politics, 1648–1806
216:(Passed to France following death with guarantee)
203:Austria loses the crowns of Naples and Sicily to
5170:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
4500:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
1649:that might draw either power into the conflict.
1336:The dispute coincided with the breakdown of the
70:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
5289:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
5204:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
3236:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
2162:
1979:, forcing them to retreat into the fortress at
1558:. The two Bourbon monarchs were also joined by
150:10 October 1733 – 3 October 1735
115:
3617:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
3323:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1158:, Spain regained control over the kingdoms of
5143:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
4344:
3273:
2546:
2120:was lavishly rewarded: the king made him the
986:
737:
8:
2270:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
2210:
2186:
1680:, who harbored ambitions to become the next
1371:was expected to marry Emperor Charles' heir
1348:and the two countries were opponents in the
1270:; his death in February 1733 sparked the war
5503:1730s in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
5096:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
5091:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
3613:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
3601:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
4412:Military history of the Russian Federation
4384:
4351:
4337:
4329:
4141:
3634:
3489:
3459:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
3383:
3280:
3266:
3258:
2843:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
2575:
2553:
2539:
2531:
1929:bloody battle near the village of Crocetta
1501:In August, Polish nobles gathered for the
993:
979:
971:
744:
730:
722:
112:
4662:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
3464:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
3454:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
1953:attacked the allied position at Guastalla
1817:besiege the imperial fort at Philippsburg
1756:in late 1734, and under their commander,
1209:in compensation for losing Lorraine. The
1119:powers, tested the power of the Austrian
101:Learn how and when to remove this message
3752:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
1983:. He was then practically welcomed into
34:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
4623:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
4493:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
3313:History of Polish intelligence services
3057:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
2793:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
2155:
1778:besieging the imperial fortress at Kehl
1731:, quickly captured the capital city of
1645:, while also avoiding the parts of the
38:Civil war in Greater Poland (1382–1385)
5244:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
5175:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
5034:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
5012:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
4726:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
4402:Military history of the Russian Empire
4266:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2390:
2380:
2222:
2013:Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun
1340:that dominated Europe since 1714. The
1205:, the duke of Lorraine, was given the
190:Bourbon and Habsburg territorial gains
5394:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
4772:Russian colonization of North America
3659:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
2305:Ward, AW; Prothero, GW, eds. (1909).
2174:
234:Poland loses direct control over the
36:. For the 14th-century conflict, see
7:
5463:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
4407:Military history of the Soviet Union
3849:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
3502:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
2779:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
2616:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
2144:List of wars of succession in Europe
1463:following Augustus' death, called a
1451:families to unite behind Stanisław.
5148:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
4085:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
3010:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
1795:, establishing a defensive line at
1739:(present-day Gdańsk), where he was
1530:. Specifically, he hoped to secure
5483:Warfare of the early modern period
5194:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
4560:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
2259:Lewinski-Corwin, Edward H (1917).
1836:Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff
1616:The Dutch under the leadership of
25:
5059:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
3103:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
2499:(in Dutch). De Bataafsche Leeuw.
1436:for the purpose. While the aging
5113:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
4906:Russian conquest of Central Asia
4842:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
4638:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
4580:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
3871:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
3574:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
3365:
3353:
3344:
3090:
3035:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
2685:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
2631:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
2621:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
2405:The New Cambridge Modern History
2318:. University Press of Kentucky.
1560:Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
1411:
1393:
1323:Treaty of the Three Black Eagles
1245:, which, although remaining its
1243:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
1144:Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
705:
693:
681:
661:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
581:
569:
551:
539:
527:
515:
503:
491:
479:
459:
447:
435:
423:
397:
383:
368:
355:
342:
330:
311:
295:
283:
269:
256:
236:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
129:
47:
5399:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
5044:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
4985:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
3854:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
3844:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
3832:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
3785:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
3703:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
3698:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
3693:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
3681:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
3676:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
3569:Władysław the White's rebellion
3556:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
3541:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
3507:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
3159:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2881:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
2721:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
2261:The Political History of Poland
1890:Count Claude Florimond de Mercy
1542:and had the expectation of the
1486:her choice of successor to the
1150:, France successfully took the
187:Augustus III ascends the throne
5498:1730s in the Holy Roman Empire
5081:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
4731:War of the Austrian Succession
4036:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
3827:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
3596:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
3241:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2827:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
2702:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
2658:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
2423:Pajol, Charles Pierre (1881).
2139:War of the Austrian Succession
1745:Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
1674:Frederick William I of Prussia
1123:in Western Europe, as did the
1097:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
5304:South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
5182:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4933:Russian invasion of Manchuria
4923:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
4869:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
4864:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
4807:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
4797:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
4762:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
4757:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
4747:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
4737:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
4715:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
4710:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
4687:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
4682:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
4657:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
4633:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
4628:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
4613:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
4488:List of wars involving Russia
4483:Sino-Russian border conflicts
3943:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
3911:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
3584:1444 war against the Ottomans
3411:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
3401:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
3318:List of wars involving Poland
3029:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
3016:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2956:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2949:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2915:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2873:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2867:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2861:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2847:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
2588:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
2562:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
2333:Wilson, Peter Hamish (1998).
2309:. Cambridge University Press.
2245:"Polish Succession War"
2134:War of the Spanish Succession
1877:Count Wirich Philipp von Daun
1793:Army of the Holy Roman Empire
1643:garrisoned several fortresses
1350:War of the Quadruple Alliance
1168:War of the Spanish Succession
138:by Russo-Saxon forces in 1734
5448:War of the Polish Succession
5259:Eritrean War of Independence
5229:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
5224:East German uprising of 1953
5165:Eastern Front (World War II)
5054:Red Army invasion of Georgia
5049:Red Army invasion of Armenia
5017:Estonian War of Independence
4958:Russian occupation of Tabriz
4879:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
4837:War of the Seventh Coalition
4720:War of the Polish Succession
4667:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
3953:War of the Bar Confederation
3948:War of the Polish Succession
3063:War of the Bar Confederation
2767:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2761:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2749:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2743:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2726:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2003:were quickly subdued. Gaeta
1241:and direct control over the
1231:Stanisław August Poniatowski
1085:War of the Polish Succession
1004:War of the Polish Succession
337:Poland loyal to Augustus III
263:Poland loyal to Stanislaus I
116:War of the Polish Succession
5299:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
5249:Sino-Soviet border conflict
5118:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
5086:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
5022:Latvian War of Independence
4911:Russian conquest of Bukhara
4802:War of the Fourth Coalition
4787:War of the Second Coalition
4311:Russian invasion of Ukraine
4204:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
4000:War of the Fourth Coalition
3652:campaign of Stephen Báthory
2991:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
2494:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2002).
2479:. Oxford University Press.
2118:Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki
1727:The Russians, commanded by
1235:divided up by its neighbors
5519:
5294:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
4832:War of the Sixth Coalition
4822:War of the Fifth Coalition
4792:War of the Third Coalition
4397:Military history of Russia
4359:Armed conflicts involving
4289:Operation Uphold Democracy
4024:War of the Sixth Coalition
4012:War of the Fifth Coalition
3958:Polish–Russian War of 1792
3333:Warfare in Medieval Poland
3308:History of the Polish Army
3197:June Uprising in Lithuania
2626:Battle of the Vikhra River
1923:, were entrenched. In the
1496:Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
1256:
31:
5478:Military history of Italy
5407:
5133:Soviet invasion of Poland
4827:French invasion of Russia
4438:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
4387:
4212:
4199:Białystok Ghetto uprising
4144:
4029:French invasion of Russia
3888:
3730:
3710:Northern War of 1655–1660
3564:
3386:
3339:
3289:Polish wars and conflicts
3116:French invasion of Russia
3085:
2787:Northern Seven Years' War
2475:Israel, Jonathan (1995).
2426:Les guerres sous Louis XV
2047:, which concluded the war
1723:infantryman of the period
1678:Charles-Albert of Bavaria
1197:, then both fiefs of the
1012:
763:
413:
246:
142:
128:
120:
5274:South African Border War
5199:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
5101:Chechen uprising of 1932
4782:Russo-Persian War (1796)
4117:Second Silesian Uprising
3434:1156 war against Germany
3431:1146 war against Germany
2570:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2187:Ward & Prothero 1909
1933:Frederick of Württemberg
1358:Louis, Dauphin of France
56:This article includes a
18:Polish War of Succession
4916:Khivan campaign of 1873
4767:Russo-Polish War (1792)
4316:Military aid to Ukraine
4127:Third Silesian Uprising
4095:First Silesian Uprising
4090:Polish–Czechoslovak War
3859:Battle of Chocim (1673)
3837:Battle of Chocim (1621)
3022:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
2921:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
2314:Sutton, John L (1980).
2251:Encyclopædia Britannica
2067:, was made heir to the
2009:held out until November
1866:by Giovanni Luigi Rocco
1754:Confederation of Dzików
1603:Anglo-Austrian Alliance
1183:Treaty of Vienna (1738)
1176:Anglo-Austrian Alliance
1099:over the succession to
1093:Wojna o sukcesję polską
123:French–Habsburg rivalry
85:more precise citations.
5458:18th-century conflicts
5389:Western Libya campaign
5064:East Karelian uprising
4585:Wagner Group rebellion
4520:Uprising of Bolotnikov
4194:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
4137:World War II in Poland
3797:Zebrzydowski rebellion
3780:Moldavian Magnate Wars
3747:Siege of Danzig (1577)
2895:Zebrzydowski rebellion
2822:Moldavian Magnate Wars
2402:Lindsay, J. O (1957).
2263:. Polish Book Imports.
2199:Van Alphen et al. 2019
2069:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2048:
2043:Europe after the 1738
1867:
1805:Prince Eugene of Savoy
1741:besieged for some time
1724:
1658:Treaty of the Escorial
1586:
1546:, and the Kingdoms of
1544:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1453:Teodor Andrzej Potocki
1438:Prince Eugene of Savoy
1419:Augustus III of Poland
1325:, Russia, Austria and
1271:
1227:great powers of Europe
1207:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1101:Augustus II the Strong
1092:
414:Commanders and leaders
226:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
214:Stanislaus Leszczyński
5384:Intervention in Syria
5319:Tajikistani Civil War
5027:Lithuanian–Soviet War
4968:Battle of Robat Karim
4417:Post-Soviet conflicts
4299:2003 invasion of Iraq
4227:Operation Ostra Brama
4122:Polish–Lithuanian War
3936:Battle of Berestechko
3664:War against Sigismund
3438:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
3170:Polish–Lithuanian War
3164:Lithuanian–Soviet War
2983:Battle of Berestechko
2832:War against Sigismund
2610:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
2526:Another German source
2098:Grand Duke of Tuscany
2042:
2017:Charles Edward Stuart
2005:surrendered in August
1861:
1721:Imperial Russian Army
1718:
1690:Electorate of Hanover
1621:Simon van Slingelandt
1577:
1554:for the younger son,
1405:Jean-Baptiste van Loo
1401:Stanisław Leszczyński
1338:Anglo-French Alliance
1307:Stanisław Leszczyński
1276:Sigismund II Augustus
1266:
1187:Stanisław Leszczyński
5367:Annexation of Crimea
5071:Central Asian Revolt
4980:Ukrainian–Soviet War
4852:Russo-Circassian War
4535:Pugachev's Rebellion
4478:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
4422:Russian Armed Forces
4392:Early modern warfare
4080:Polish–Ukrainian War
3931:Khmelnytsky Uprising
3494:Polish–Teutonic wars
3303:Early modern warfare
3217:Lithuanian partisans
2977:Khmelnytsky Uprising
2647:Samogitian uprisings
2431:The Wars of Louis XV
2163:Lewinski-Corwin 1917
2110:decided to intervene
2011:when its commander,
1635:Austrian Netherlands
1512:Michael Wiśniowiecki
1385:Death of Augustus II
845:Muscovite/Lithuanian
558:Charles Emmanuel III
5488:Polish–Russian wars
5427:Sphere of influence
5357:Russo-Ukrainian War
5214:First Indochina War
5187:Soviet–Japanese War
5123:Xinjiang War (1937)
4992:Kazakhstan Campaign
4777:Kościuszko Uprising
4677:Second Northern War
4555:Coup attempt (1991)
4448:Soviet-Finnish wars
4177:during World War II
3963:Kościuszko Uprising
3927:1644 Tatar Invasion
3901:Fedorovych uprising
3892:1624 Tatar Invasion
3819:Polish–Ottoman wars
3771:1593 Tatar Invasion
3763:1589 Tatar Invasion
3740:Battle of Lubieszów
3669:Battle of Stångebro
3639:Polish–Swedish wars
3546:Thirteen Years' War
3416:Miecław's Rebellion
3391:Polish–Veletian War
3328:Polish Armed Forces
3296:General and related
3074:Kościuszko Uprising
2973:1644 Tatar Invasion
2937:Fedorovych uprising
2927:1624 Tatar Invasion
2837:Battle of Stångebro
2695:Battle of Pabaiskas
2177:, pp. 146–147.
2165:, pp. 266–268.
1997:defeated at Bitonto
1605:agreed at the 1731
1534:for the elder son,
1469:Frederick August II
1274:After the death of
755:Polish–Russian Wars
712:Frederick William I
5417:Russian Revolution
5352:Russo-Georgian War
5334:Second Chechen War
5314:Georgian Civil War
4953:Russo-Japanese War
4705:Great Northern War
4603:Russo-Crimean Wars
4575:Second Chechen War
4473:Russo-Turkish wars
4468:Russo-Swedish wars
4458:Russo-Persian Wars
4443:Russo-Crimean Wars
4304:Occupation of Iraq
4284:War in Afghanistan
4161:Invasion of Poland
4056:fighting in Poland
3977:Poland partitioned
3923:Ostryanyn uprising
3775:Nalyvaiko Uprising
3722:Great Northern War
3686:Battle of Kircholm
3579:Battle of Grotniki
3551:War of the Priests
3524:Battle of Grunwald
3227:Restored Lithuania
3150:Interwar Lithuania
3134:Revolution of 1905
3051:Great Northern War
2968:Ostryanyn uprising
2887:Battle of Klushino
2853:Battle of Kircholm
2805:Nalyvaiko Uprising
2664:Battle of Grunwald
2653:Lithuanian Crusade
2593:Lithuanian Crusade
2460:(in Dutch). Boom.
2393:has generic name (
2225:, p. 993-994.
2049:
2029:Bishopric of Trent
1868:
1862:A painting of the
1725:
1682:Holy Roman Emperor
1626:Emperor Charles VI
1599:Sir Robert Walpole
1587:
1570:Austrian isolation
1538:, who was already
1482:, and promised to
1423:Louis de Silvestre
1352:(1718–1720). When
1331:Manuel of Portugal
1272:
1125:Kingdom of Prussia
1103:, which the other
58:list of references
5435:
5434:
5324:First Chechen War
5279:Soviet–Afghan War
5264:Angolan Civil War
5039:Polish–Soviet War
4997:Finnish Civil War
4975:Russian Civil War
4874:November Uprising
4812:Anglo-Russian War
4752:Bar Confederation
4565:First Chechen War
4545:Russian Civil War
4540:Decembrist revolt
4530:Bulavin Rebellion
4525:Razin's Rebellion
4508:
4507:
4463:Russo-Polish Wars
4431:Lists by opponent
4326:
4325:
4261:Racibórz Conflict
4253:People's Republic
4247:
4246:
4222:Operation Tempest
4100:Polish–Soviet War
4041:November Uprising
4017:Austro-Polish War
4005:Prussian campaign
3971:
3970:
3866:Great Turkish War
3807:Battle of Humenné
3802:Thirty Years' War
3790:Battle of Kłuszyn
3767:Kosiński uprising
3757:Battle of Byczyna
3624:
3623:
3536:Gollub War (1422)
3531:Hunger War (1414)
3479:
3478:
3469:Battle of Legnica
3420:1072 war against
3396:Battle of Cedynia
3255:
3254:
3208:Soviet occupation
3122:November Uprising
3083:
3082:
2907:Battle of Humenné
2901:Thirty Years' War
2799:Kosiński uprising
2755:Glinski rebellion
2467:978-90-244-3038-3
2450:978-84-16473-45-8
2415:978-0-521-04545-2
2348:978-1-85728-106-4
2325:978-0-8131-1417-0
2211:Van Nimwegen 2002
1925:Battle of Colorno
1864:Battle of Bitonto
1774:Duchy of Lorraine
1762:Pacification Sejm
1647:Holy Roman Empire
1639:Dutch States Army
1583:French Royal Army
1528:Elizabeth Farnese
1524:Philip V of Spain
1492:Ferdinand Kettler
1488:Duchy of Courland
1473:Elector of Saxony
1457:Primate of Poland
1365:Duchy of Lorraine
1346:Philip V of Spain
1199:Holy Roman Empire
1191:Duchy of Lorraine
1152:Duchy of Lorraine
1080:
1079:
968:
967:
838:Tsardom of Russia
720:
719:
376:Holy Roman Empire
363:Habsburg Monarchy
242:
241:
210:Duchy of Lorraine
111:
110:
103:
16:(Redirected from
5510:
5309:Transnistria War
5254:War of Attrition
5160:Continuation War
5109:
4901:January Uprising
4742:Seven Years' War
4642:Time of Troubles
4608:Russo-Kazan Wars
4453:Russo-Kazan Wars
4385:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4330:
4217:Italian Campaign
4186:Ghetto uprisings
4173:, and
4142:
4105:Battle of Warsaw
4046:January Uprising
3985:Denisko uprising
3918:Pavlyuk uprising
3896:Zhmaylo uprising
3876:Battle of Vienna
3735:Danzig rebellion
3635:
3512:Battle of Płowce
3490:
3485:Jagiellon Poland
3447:Mongol invasions
3384:
3369:
3357:
3348:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3128:January Uprising
3094:
2962:Pavlyuk uprising
2931:Zhmaylo uprising
2708:Crusade of Varna
2690:Battle of Ašmena
2576:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2510:
2490:
2471:
2441:
2419:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2367:
2352:
2329:
2310:
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2264:
2255:
2247:
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2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
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2160:
2075:Charles of Parma
2061:Duke of Lorraine
2057:Treaty of Vienna
2045:Treaty of Vienna
2035:Peace settlement
2025:Duke de Noailles
1618:Grand Pensionary
1607:Treaty of Vienna
1465:convocation sejm
1415:
1397:
1378:Pacte de Famille
1342:Peace of Utrecht
1219:Charles of Parma
1189:was awarded the
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3606:Battle of Orsha
3589:Battle of Varna
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3427:Siege of Głogów
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1856:
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1770:
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1654:Treaty of Turin
1572:
1429:
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1354:Cardinal Fleury
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1105:European powers
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688:Johann Adolf II
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648:Frederick Louis
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624:von Seckendorff
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612:Eugene of Savoy
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5002:Sochi conflict
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4280:
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4276:Third Republic
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4112:
4110:Kiev offensive
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4007:
3997:
3995:Peninsular War
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5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5377:2022 invasion
5375:
5373:
5372:War in Donbas
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:Ili Rebellion
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4942:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4847:Caucasian War
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Lwów uprising
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4175:contributions
4172:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4154:Eastern Front
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4060:Eastern Front
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2506:90-6707-540-X
2502:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2486:0-19-873072-1
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2391:|first2=
2384:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2213:, p. 67.
2212:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2189:, p. 63.
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1780:, across the
1779:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:Great Britain
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:Duke of Parma
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1503:election sejm
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:Maria Theresa
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1286:election sejm
1283:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:Great Britain
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:Pizzighettone
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1006:
996:
991:
989:
984:
982:
977:
976:
973:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
939:
936:
935:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
794:
791:
790:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
772:
766:
765:
762:
757:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
727:
724:
713:
708:
703:
701:
700:von Königsegg
696:
691:
689:
684:
679:
677:
675:
669:
664:
659:
657:
655:
649:
644:
639:
637:
632:
627:
625:
620:
615:
613:
608:
603:
601:
600:Thomas Gordon
596:
591:
589:
584:
579:
577:
572:
567:
566:
564:
559:
554:
549:
547:
542:
537:
535:
530:
525:
523:
518:
513:
511:
506:
501:
499:
494:
489:
487:
482:
477:
475:
473:
467:
462:
457:
455:
450:
445:
443:
433:
431:
421:
420:
418:
417:
412:
406:
395:
392:
380:
377:
366:
364:
353:
351:
340:
338:
328:
327:
325:
320:
309:
307:
303:
298:
293:
291:
286:
281:
278:
266:
264:
254:
253:
251:
250:
245:
237:
233:
231:
227:
224:
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39:
35:
30:
19:
5128:World War II
4719:
4652:Smolensk War
4618:Livonian War
4165:Polish
4149:World War II
3947:
3906:Smolensk War
3647:Livonian War
3630:Commonwealth
3379:Piast Poland
3360:
3229:(since 1990)
3189:World War II
3056:
3044:18th century
3018:(1672–1676)
2999:(1655–1660)
2997:Northern War
2979:(1648–1657)
2945:(1632–1634)
2943:Smolensk War
2917:(1620–1621)
2903:(1618–1648)
2883:(1605–1618)
2849:(1600–1611)
2815:17th century
2775:(1558–1583)
2773:Livonian War
2736:16th century
2710:(1443–1444)
2660:(1409–1411)
2640:15th century
2603:14th century
2580:13th century
2495:
2476:
2457:
2438:
2430:
2425:
2404:
2373:
2363:
2358:
2334:
2315:
2306:
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2249:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2115:
2106:
2102:Gian Gastone
2092:
2082:, including
2073:
2054:
2050:
2021:
2007:, and Capua
1973:Papal States
1969:
1906:
1904:on 17 June.
1892:crossed the
1869:
1829:
1790:
1771:
1726:
1697:
1670:
1651:
1615:
1611:Austrophiles
1588:
1566:and Mantua.
1521:
1500:
1477:
1442:
1430:
1376:
1362:
1335:
1319:Augustus III
1300:
1295:liberum veto
1293:
1279:
1273:
1224:
1195:Duchy of Bar
1180:
1166:lost in the
1141:
1137:Augustus III
1084:
1082:
1042:Philippsburg
1002:
938:Soviet Union
937:
894:
887:
837:
767:
673:
653:
471:
247:Belligerents
180:
97:
88:
77:Please help
69:
29:
5234:Vietnam War
5104: [
4963:World War I
4884:Crimean War
4817:Finnish War
4733:(1740–1748)
4722:(1733–1738)
4647:Ingrian War
4363:(including
4051:World War I
3248:(2003–2011)
3210:(1944–1990)
3172:(1919–1920)
3166:(1918–1919)
3152:(1918–1940)
3141:(1914–1918)
3139:World War I
3130:(1863–1864)
3124:(1830–1831)
3112:(1803–1815)
3069:War of 1792
3065:(1768–1774)
3059:(1733–1735)
3053:(1700–1721)
3031:(1683–1699)
3012:(1666–1671)
2993:(1654–1667)
2958:(1633–1634)
2875:(1626–1629)
2869:(1621–1625)
2863:(1617–1618)
2807:(1594–1596)
2801:(1591–1593)
2795:(1587–1588)
2789:(1563–1570)
2781:(1577–1582)
2769:(1534–1537)
2763:(1512–1522)
2751:(1507–1508)
2745:(1500–1503)
2728:(1492–1494)
2704:(1431–1435)
2649:(1401–1409)
2612:(1340–1392)
2595:(1283–1422)
2497:(1740–1748)
2276:: 141–173.
2223:Israel 1995
1699:Reichskrieg
1686:Wittelsbach
1449:Czartoryski
1303:Augustus II
1268:Augustus II
588:von Münnich
378:(from 1734)
197:Territorial
91:August 2022
83:introducing
5442:Categories
5269:Ogaden War
5219:Korean War
5138:Winter War
5007:Heimosodat
4594:Tsardom of
4171:resistance
3715:The Deluge
3003:The Deluge
2677:Gollub War
2671:Hunger War
2175:Lodge 1931
2150:References
1917:de Broglie
1786:Strasbourg
1758:Adam Tarło
1749:Königsberg
1729:Peter Lacy
1556:Don Felipe
1536:Don Carlos
1507:Peter Lacy
1253:Background
1115:, the two
1052:San Pietro
768:Kievan Rus
576:Peter Lacy
522:Belle-Isle
442:Adam Tarło
222:to Austria
4889:Åland War
4857:Murid War
4696:18th–19th
3519:Great War
2572:(to 1795)
2383:cite book
2339:Routledge
2298:155803033
1949:Guastalla
1945:Quistello
1937:Königsegg
1927:and in a
1821:Frederick
1809:Heilbronn
1801:Karlsruhe
1797:Ettlingen
1768:Rhineland
1694:George II
1579:Fusiliers
1381:in 1733.
1333:instead.
1301:In 1697,
1154:, and in
1148:Rhineland
1127:, whilst
1121:Habsburgs
1067:Guastalla
955:1919-1921
950:1918-1919
945:1914-1918
930:1863-1864
925:1830-1831
915:1806-1807
900:1768-1772
895:1733-1735
880:1654–1667
875:1632-1634
870:1605–1618
865:1558-1583
860:1512-1522
850:1487-1494
825:1139-1142
815:1121-1124
805:1069-1071
800:1030-1031
454:Charles I
430:Jan Tarło
166:Rhineland
5422:Cold War
5284:Gulf War
4640:and the
4513:Internal
4369:Imperial
4294:Iraq War
3246:Iraq War
2128:See also
1692:, where
1664:and the
1637:, where
1631:its army
1593:and the
1461:interrex
1315:Louis XV
1313:married
1281:szlachta
1217:whereas
1213:went to
1037:Trarbach
793:2nd Kiev
668:de Mercy
636:von Daun
546:Albornoz
306:Sardinia
157:Location
121:Part of
5362:Outline
5345:century
4946:century
4698:century
4381:Related
4365:Tsarist
4169:,
4167:history
4058:on the
3422:Bohemia
2290:3678511
2233:Sources
2088:Tortona
1977:Mignano
1961:Cremona
1941:Secchia
1848:Clausen
1825:Prussia
1799:, near
1641:troops
1585:(1735)
1581:of the
1516:Vistula
1480:Livonia
1445:Potocki
1327:Prussia
1239:Livonia
1215:Austria
1117:Bourbon
1072:Clausen
1047:Colorno
1032:Bitonto
674:†
654:†
510:Broglie
486:Villars
472:†
466:Berwick
405:Prussia
199:changes
79:improve
4672:Deluge
4596:Russia
4375:times)
4373:Soviet
4361:Russia
3199:(1941)
3180:(1923)
3118:(1812)
3076:(1794)
2985:(1651)
2970:(1638)
2964:(1637)
2939:(1630)
2933:(1625)
2909:(1619)
2897:(1606)
2889:(1610)
2855:(1605)
2757:(1508)
2679:(1422)
2673:(1414)
2503:
2483:
2464:
2448:
2412:
2345:
2322:
2296:
2288:
2095:Medici
2084:Novara
2080:Ticino
2001:Sicily
1985:Naples
1921:Coigny
1885:Mantua
1737:Danzig
1733:Warsaw
1711:Poland
1662:Sweden
1552:Sicily
1548:Naples
1532:Mantua
1519:king.
1471:, the
1288:. The
1164:Sicily
1160:Naples
1133:Russia
1129:Saxony
1109:France
1089:Polish
1027:Danzig
670:
650:
498:Coigny
468:
402:
391:Saxony
388:
373:
360:
350:Russia
347:
316:
277:France
274:
177:Result
162:Poland
5108:]
2429:[
2362:[
2294:S2CID
2286:JSTOR
1993:Gaeta
1981:Capua
1957:Oglio
1913:Parma
1909:Parma
1902:Turin
1873:Milan
1854:Italy
1840:Trier
1832:Mainz
1784:from
1782:Rhine
1564:Milan
1311:Marie
1156:Italy
1113:Spain
1062:Capua
1057:Gaeta
770:'
302:Savoy
290:Spain
170:Italy
64:, or
5343:21st
4944:20th
4371:and
2501:ISBN
2481:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2395:help
2343:ISBN
2320:ISBN
2086:and
1989:Bari
1965:Adda
1919:and
1894:Alps
1776:and
1550:and
1459:and
1447:and
1290:Sejm
1247:fief
1193:and
1162:and
1131:and
1111:and
1083:The
1017:Kehl
960:1939
920:1812
910:1794
905:1792
855:1508
830:1180
820:1135
810:1092
788:1018
783:1022
147:Date
2435:288
2278:doi
1846:at
1823:of
1815:to
1719:An
1706:War
778:981
228:to
212:to
5444::
5106:ru
4367:,
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2387::
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2100:,
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