1249:
1560:
694:
806:
495:
1514:
1495:
620:
1530:
1376:
1367:
873:
504 B.C. the two kings, during their invasion of Attica, failed in their undertaking on account of their secret enmity towards each other, it was decreed at Sparta, that in future only one king should command the army, and in consequence should only be accompanied by one of the images of the
Dioscuri. It is not improbable that these images, accompanying the kings into the field, were the ancient δόκανα, which were now disjointed, so that one-half of the symbol remained at Sparta, while the other was taken into the field by one of the kings.
1046:
1010:(θεοξενία), "god-entertaining", was particularly associated with Castor and Pollux. The two deities were summoned to a table laid with food, whether at individuals' own homes or in the public hearths or equivalent places controlled by states. They are sometimes shown arriving at a gallop over a food-laden table. Although such "table offerings" were a fairly common feature of Greek cult rituals, they were normally made in the shrines of the gods or heroes concerned. The domestic setting of the
966:
387:
764:
1545:
893:
1203:
1194:
787:
3854:
61:
934:, who associated them with the Spartan tradition of dual kingship and appreciated that two princes of their ruling house were elevated to immortality. Their connection there was very ancient: a uniquely Spartan aniconic representation of the Tyndaridai was as two upright posts joined by a cross-bar; as the protectors of the Spartan army the "beam figure" or
364:, Helen looks down from the walls of Troy and wonders why she does not see her brothers among the Achaeans. The narrator remarks that they are both already dead and buried back in their homeland of Lacedaemon, thus suggesting that at least in some early traditions, both were mortal. Their death and shared immortality offered by Zeus was material of the lost
689:
Some time later, Idas and
Lynceus visited their uncle's home in Sparta. The uncle was on his way to Crete, so he left Helen in charge of entertaining the guests, which included both sets of cousins, as well as Paris, prince of Troy. Castor and Pollux recognized the opportunity to exact revenge, made
872:
Dokana were ancient symbolical representation of the
Dioscuri. It consisted of two upright beams with others laid across them transversely. The Dioscuri were worshipped as gods of war, and their images accompanied the Spartan kings whenever they took the field against an enemy. But when in the year
377:
The
Dioscuri were regarded as helpers of mankind and held to be patrons of travellers and of sailors in particular, who invoked them to seek favourable winds. Their role as horsemen and boxers also led to them being regarded as the patrons of athletes and athletic contests. They characteristically
938:
was carried in front of the army on campaign. Sparta's unique dual kingship reflects the divine influence of the
Dioscuri. When the Spartan army marched to war, one king remained behind at home, accompanied by one of the Twins. "In this way the real political order is secured in the realm of the
709:
Meanwhile, Castor and Pollux had reached their destination. Castor climbed a tree to keep a watch as Pollux began to free the cattle. Far away, Idas and
Lynceus approached. Lynceus, named for the lynx because he could see in the dark, spied Castor hiding in the tree. Idas and Lynceus immediately
685:
together but fell out over the division of the meat. After stealing the herd, but before dividing it, the cousins butchered, quartered, and roasted a calf. As they prepared to eat, the gigantic Idas suggested that the herd be divided into two parts instead of four, based on which pair of cousins
690:
an excuse that justified leaving the feast, and set out to steal their cousins' herd. Idas and
Lynceus eventually set out for home, leaving Helen alone with Paris, who then kidnapped her. Thus, the four cousins helped set into motion the events that gave rise to the Trojan War.
1406:
attested to the presence of a "cult of
Castores" that the people did not want to abandon. In some instances, the twins appear to have simply been absorbed into a Christian framework; thus 4th century CE pottery and carvings from North Africa depict the Dioskouroi alongside the
1302:
had attributed their success at a legendary battle on the banks of the Sagras to the intervention of the Twins. The Roman legend could have had its origins in the
Locrian account and possibly supplies further evidence of cultural transmission between Rome and Magna Graecia.
710:
understood what was happening. Idas, furious, ambushed Castor, fatally wounding him with a blow from his spear – but not before Castor called out to warn Pollux. In the ensuing brawl, Pollux killed
Lynceus. As Idas was about to kill Pollux, Zeus, who had been watching from
1559:
1494:
1312:
and cavalry. Each year on July 15, Feast Day of the Dioskouroi, 1,800 equestrians would parade through the streets of Rome in an elaborate spectacle in which each rider wore full military attire and whatever decorations he had earned.
686:
finished their meal first. Castor and Pollux agreed. Idas quickly ate both his portion and Lynceus' portion. Castor and Pollux had been duped. They allowed their cousins to take the entire herd, but vowed someday to take revenge.
1513:
1248:
436:
they are treated as alive even though "the corn-bearing earth holds them". The author describes them as "having honour equal to gods", living on alternate days because of the intervention of Zeus. In both the
763:
1529:
449:, Pollux is the son of Zeus while Castor is the son of the mortal Tyndareus. The theme of ambiguous parentage is not unique to Castor and Pollux; similar characterisations appear in the stories of
693:
4254:
1162:", Etruscan counterpart of Zeus. They were often portrayed on Etruscan mirrors. As was the fashion in Greece, they could also be portrayed symbolically; one example is seen in the
989:
tree was regarded by the Spartans as sacred to Castor and Pollux, and images of the twins were hung in its branches. The standard Spartan oath was to swear "by the two gods" (in
678:
wherein each had a son; Phoebe bore Mnesileos to Pollux and Hilaeira bore Anogon to Castor. This began a family feud among the four sons of the brothers Tyndareus and Aphareus.
805:
2528:
2352:
491:. Shortly afterwards, Simonides was told that two young men wished to speak to him; after he had left the banqueting room, the roof fell in and crushed Scopas and his guests.
331:(fr. 24 M–W). The conventional account (attested first in Pindar, Nemean 10) combined these paternities so that only Pollux was fathered by Zeus, while Leda and her husband
1544:
494:
335:
conceived Castor. This explains why they were granted an alternate immortality. The figure of Tyndareus may have entered their tradition to explain their archaic name
3289:
1419:. The church took an ambivalent attitude, rejecting the immortality of the Dioskouroi but seeking to replace them with equivalent Christian pairs. Saints Peter and
4259:
2594:
798:
Castor and Pollux are consistently associated with horses in art and literature. They are widely depicted as helmeted horsemen carrying spears. The Pseudo-
358:
Castor and Pollux are sometimes both mortal, sometimes both divine. One consistent point is that if only one of them is immortal, it is Pollux. In Homer's
4003:
1221:
From the 5th century BCE onwards, the brothers were revered by the Romans, probably as the result of cultural transmission via the Greek colonies of
3415:
1485:
The iconography of Castor and Pollux influenced or has close parallels with depictions of divine male twins in cultures with Greco-Roman relations.
1428:
1065:, was named after them. In addition, according to legend the city was founded by them. According to another legend, the city was founded by their
4317:
1331:(act i, ll. 67–71) where she swears by Castor in line 67, then the negative prefix in line 71 denotes a refutation against swearing by Pollux.
770:
624:
300:. Pollux asked Zeus to let him share his own immortality with his twin to keep them together, and they were transformed into the constellation
1017:
The image of the twins attending a goddess are widespread and link the Dioskouroi with the male societies of initiates under the aegis of the
4352:
4322:
3375:
825:, a pair of shields, or a pair of snakes. They are also often shown wearing felt caps, sometimes with stars above. They are depicted on
4397:
2288:; her twin's name Hilaeira ("the serene") is also a lunar attribute, their names "appropriate selectively to the new and the full moon".
1306:
The Romans believed that the twins aided them on the battlefield. Their role as horsemen made them particularly attractive to the Roman
487:
was rebuked by Scopas, his patron, for devoting too much space to praising Castor and Pollux in an ode celebrating Scopas' victory in a
619:
4367:
4271:
2904:
31:
1294:. According to legend, the twins fought at the head of the Roman army and subsequently brought news of the victory back to Rome. The
3199:
3117:
3092:
3048:
3023:
2998:
2867:
2842:
2817:
2251:
2196:
2142:
2091:
1997:
1874:
1810:
1727:
1273:
599:, on the throne of Athens. Aethra was then forced to become Helen's slave. She was ultimately returned to her home by her grandsons
721:
or giving half his immortality to his mortal brother. He opted for the latter, enabling the twins to alternate between Olympus and
461:' Fragment 34a, though whether this poem antedates the Homeric Hymn to the twins is unknown. They appear together in two plays by
273:. Though accounts of their birth are varied, they are sometimes said to have been born from an egg, along with their twin sisters
4392:
2348:
348:
3295:
4387:
4065:
1659:
270:
38:
3304:'s themes of the unequal brothers and faithfulness and salvation, with the Christian parallels in the dual nature of Christ.
2737:
short prose work which purports to be a first hand account of the Trojan War by Dares, a Trojan priest of Hephaestus in the
1176:
is painted for them. Another is symbolised in a painting depicted as two pointed caps crowned with laurel, referring to the
1233:("To Castor and Pollux, the Dioskouroi"), suggests a direct transmission from the Greeks; the word "qurois" is virtually a
419:("... there are two commanders I do not see, / Castor the horse breaker and the boxer / Polydeuces, my brothers..." –
1753:
4357:
3408:
958:
where Helen, Menelaus, Castor and Pollux were all said to be buried. Castor himself was also venerated in the region of
309:
4312:
1257:
897:
2478:
985:. Lesser shrines to Castor, Pollux and Helen were also established at a number of other locations around Sparta. The
4377:
4342:
4302:
3936:
3910:
1653:
1327:, women generally swear by Castor, and men by Pollux; this is exemplified by the slave-woman character Staphyla in
1375:
1366:
4372:
4327:
4070:
3905:
1473:
mentions the Dioskouroi in a neutral context, as the figurehead of an Alexandrian ship boarded by Paul in Malta (
838:
663:
4332:
4185:
4164:
4154:
3561:
3424:
1424:
682:
592:
2461:
4169:
3401:
1277:
1163:
998:
884:
state that δόκανα was the name of the graves of the Dioscuri at Sparta, and derived from the verb δέχομαι.
4382:
3997:
2753:
1744:
1675:
1605:
1385:
1342:
726:
301:
2897:
Amilla: The Quest for Excellence. Studies Presented to Guenter Kopcke in Celebration of His 75th Birthday
2444:
Parker, Robert Christopher Towneley (2003), "Dioscuri", in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Anthony (eds.),
2305:
VI), it was asserted that "these three heroes were the first strangers upon whom this gift was bestowed."
4347:
4216:
4113:
3769:
3688:
3436:
1045:
978:
826:
651:
3388:
965:
857:(πῖλος), which was already explained in antiquity as the remnants of the egg from which they hatched.
817:
reliefs they are depicted with a variety of symbols representing the concept of twinhood, such as the
343:
in literature, in turn occasioning incompatible accounts of their parentage. Their other sisters were
4211:
4095:
4049:
3839:
3683:
3456:
2661:
2281:
1504:
1470:
1439:
1124:
1112:
750:
671:
643:
344:
177:
427:
386:
4362:
4249:
4055:
3941:
3915:
3774:
3623:
3613:
3576:
3333:
De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (1991). "Etruscan Twins and Mirror Images: The Dioskouroi at the Door."
1765:
1447:
969:
Relief (2nd century BCE) depicting the Dioskouroi galloping above a winged Victory, with a banquet
881:
473:
458:
163:
3133:
907:
The Dioskouroi were worshipped by the Greeks and Romans alike; there were temples to the twins in
654:("white horse"). Both women were already betrothed to cousins of the Dioscuri, the twin brothers
4307:
4128:
3754:
3718:
3678:
3653:
3556:
3536:
3476:
3356:
3338:
1656:, twins gods in Mesopotamian mythology also thought to be represented by the constellation Gemini
1574:
1501:
1412:
809:
One of the twins wearing the egg-shaped cap, here marked with a celestial symbol (2nd century CE)
698:
655:
600:
323:
There is much contradictory information regarding the parentage of the Dioscuri. In the Homeric
305:
717:
Returning to the dying Castor, Pollux was given the choice by Zeus of spending all his time on
327:(11.298–304), they are the sons of Tyndareus alone, but they were sons of Zeus in the Hesiodic
4266:
4226:
3880:
3834:
3708:
3698:
3648:
3521:
3501:
3481:
3371:
3195:
3113:
3088:
3044:
3019:
2994:
2900:
2863:
2838:
2813:
2765:
2588:
1680:
1086:
892:
629:
484:
4159:
3890:
3809:
3749:
3608:
3586:
3571:
3214:
3187:
3175:
2686:
Kazhdan, Alexander; Talbot, Alice-Mary (1991), "Dioskouroi", in Kazhdan, Alexander P (ed.),
2216:
2161:
2110:
2062:
1917:
1833:
1781:
1701:
1617:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1420:
1308:
846:
786:
722:
258:
147:
1202:
1193:
4337:
4281:
4276:
4195:
4190:
4043:
4011:
3895:
3428:
3080:
1408:
1234:
734:
526:
243:
239:
3250:
3151:
2643:
525:
Both Dioscuri were excellent horsemen and hunters who participated in the hunting of the
4133:
4022:
3885:
3603:
3393:
3237:
2665:
1736:
1670:
1645:
1550:
1317:
1287:
1225:
in southern Italy. An archaic Latin inscription of the 6th or 5th century BCE found at
1050:
1026:
861:
773:
Roman sarcophagus (160 CE) depicting the rape of the Leucippides, Phoebe, and Hilaeira
742:
60:
3853:
3389:
The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Castor and Pollux—the Dioscuri)
1252:
Star crosses indicate the constellation Gemini on this Roman oil lamp (1st century CE)
4296:
4060:
3984:
3900:
3829:
3799:
3779:
3628:
3551:
3541:
3442:
2314:
Kerényi draws attention especially to the rock carvings in the town of Akrai, Sicily.
1625:
1299:
1222:
1172:
738:
730:
718:
711:
642:
Castor and Pollux aspired to marry the Leucippides ("daughters of the white horse"),
420:
274:
185:
1384:
Late Roman Imperial Dioscuri, transferred from a temple of Castor and Pollux to the
409:
Ancient Greek authors tell a number of versions of the story of Castor and Pollux.
4123:
4118:
4080:
3977:
3526:
3466:
1399:
1177:
1131:
1116:
1106:
864:
as "blond haired, large eyed, fair complexioned, and well-built with trim bodies".
850:
791:
488:
467:
391:
312:
308:. They were also associated with horsemanship, in keeping with their origin as the
278:
235:
212:
189:
3531:
3218:
2495:
1637:
1466:, father of Pollux, in what MacDonald calls a form of early Christian Dioscurism.
1127:
849:
of the egg containing Helen. They can be recognized in some vase-paintings by the
17:
2297:
In the oration of the Athenian peace emissary sent to Sparta in 69, according to
3875:
3309:
1520:
1416:
1261:
1090:
990:
509:
378:
intervened at the moment of crisis, aiding those who honoured or trusted them.
4085:
3992:
3759:
3744:
3734:
3663:
3643:
2749:
2747:
1403:
1389:
1350:
1022:
821:(δόκανα – two upright pieces of wood connected by two cross-beams), a pair of
596:
371:
3348:
Lippolis, Enzo (2009). "Rituali DI Guerra: I Dioscuri a Sparta e a Taranto".
1500:
Etruscan inscription to the Dioskouroi as "sons of Zeus" at the bottom of an
304:. The pair were regarded as the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as
4231:
3819:
3713:
2719:
1535:
1455:
1291:
1167:
1143:
1058:
1030:
1006:
927:
842:
667:
548:
462:
332:
269:, who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan. The pair are thus an example of
262:
153:
981:, and as deceased mortals in Hades, whose spirits had to be propitiated by
1423:
were thus adopted in place of the Dioskouroi as patrons of travelers, and
413:
portrays them initially as ordinary mortals, treating them as dead in the
4138:
4075:
4016:
3920:
3739:
3693:
3668:
3598:
3506:
3491:
3486:
3461:
2941:
2714:
2298:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1282:
1226:
982:
959:
947:
912:
754:
746:
702:
647:
560:
556:
505:
498:
450:
352:
181:
103:
3360:
3342:
3164:
802:
manuscript depicts the brothers hunting, both on horseback and on foot.
3794:
3784:
3703:
3673:
3658:
3618:
3516:
3321:
The Twin Horse Gods: The Dioskouroi in Mythologies of the Ancient World
2952:
2930:
1631:
1591:
1538:
silver platter with warrior twins on winged horses (5th/6th century CE)
1474:
1459:
1334:
1324:
1212:
1120:
1082:
1066:
1062:
1034:
1033:. The Dioscuri are the inventors of war dances, which characterize the
951:
822:
584:
501:
454:
432:
2460:
Alcæus of Mytilene (1982), "Fragment 34", in David A. Campbell (ed.),
1427:
took over their function as healers. Some have also associated Saints
4221:
3963:
3957:
3870:
3804:
3789:
3764:
3546:
3471:
3301:
3276:
2919:
2285:
2047:
1595:
1338:
1070:
1018:
931:
923:
908:
876:
The name δόκανα seems that it comes from δοκός which meant beam, but
830:
814:
799:
675:
604:
588:
572:
568:
564:
552:
480:
446:
442:
366:
113:
2477:
Alcæus of Mytilene (May 2011), "Fragment 34a", in Tout Coule (ed.),
1553:
textile with elevated twins receiving offerings (7th/8th century CE)
757:
rewarded them with horses to ride and power to aid shipwrecked men.
1241:, while "Podlouquei" is effectively a transliteration of the Greek
919:, as well as shrines in many other locations in the ancient world.
725:. The brothers became the two brightest stars in the constellation
4090:
3814:
3638:
3593:
3581:
3566:
3511:
3294:, translated by Douglas Hedley and Russell Manning, archived from
3043:, vol. 1. A History, Cambridge University Press, p. 21,
1665:
1570:
1295:
1267:
1247:
1159:
1057:
The ancient city of Dioscurias or Dioskurias (Διοσκουριάς) on the
1044:
964:
891:
804:
785:
692:
618:
530:
493:
415:
410:
402:
385:
360:
3366:
Robbins, Emmet (2013). "The Divine Twins in Early Greek Poetry".
1624:; alongside their father, they are the guardians of the gates of
1450:. MacDonald cites the origin of this identification to 1913 when
1402:, the Dioskouroi continued to be venerated. The 5th century pope
563:. After returning from the voyage, the Dioscuri helped Jason and
3971:
3824:
3288:
Ringleben, Joachim, "An Interpretation of the 10th Nemean Ode",
2042:
1599:
1566:
1463:
1280:
in 495 BCE. The establishment of a temple may also be a form of
986:
916:
901:
877:
659:
608:
535:
266:
232:
159:
3397:
1458:, a Greek version probably of an Aramaic name meaning "Sons of
261:, but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of
3633:
2234:
2188:
2179:
2131:
2128:
1944:
1863:
1719:
2860:
Objects on a Table: Harmonious Disarray in Art and Literature
1857:
1014:
was a characteristic distinction accorded to the Dioskouroi.
3852:
1264:
at the heart of their city, was undertaken to fulfill a vow
1097:(Διοσκουρίδου νήσος), meaning "the island of the Dioscuri".
845:, as well as in religious ceremonies and at the delivery to
3064:
Smith, Christopher (2007), "The Religion of Archaic Rome",
2267:
2083:
2071:
2025:
1989:
1980:
1956:
1947:
1929:
1926:
1894:
1796:
1758:
1523:
with a star connected to each twin's head (30 BCE – 395 CE)
745:). As emblems of immortality and death, the Dioscuri, like
445:, they are described as the sons of Tyndareus and Leda. In
53:
Twin gods, patrons of sailors, associated with horsemanship
2463:
Sappho, Alcaeus. Greek Lyric, Volume I: Sappho and Alcaeus
2068:
1974:
1962:
1854:
1842:
1790:
1290:
from a defeated town to Rome, where cult would be offered
3368:
Thalia Delighting in Song: Essays on Ancient Greek Poetry
2402:
Howatson, M. C.; Chilvers, Ian, eds. (1996), "Dioscūri",
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2237:
2225:
2182:
2167:
2119:
2077:
1971:
1941:
1848:
1710:
977:
They were commemorated both as gods on Olympus worthy of
714:, hurled a thunderbolt, killing Idas and saving his son.
591:
to rescue her. In revenge they abducted Theseus's mother
551:, Pollux took part in a boxing contest and defeated King
265:, the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of
2808:
Sekunda, Nicholas "Nick" Victor; Hook, Richard (1998),
3244:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 212–13
2583:] (in Greek), vol. II, Athens, pp. 20–23
841:
regularly show them capturing Phoebe and Hilaeira, as
2252:
2243:
2228:
2197:
2170:
2143:
2134:
2122:
2116:
2092:
2080:
1998:
1968:
1965:
1938:
1935:
1920:
1875:
1866:
1860:
1836:
1811:
1802:
1799:
1728:
1713:
1707:
37:"Heavenly Twins" redirects here. For other uses, see
2404:
The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature
2240:
2231:
2222:
2185:
2176:
2164:
2125:
1986:
1977:
1953:
1923:
1845:
1839:
1793:
1787:
1716:
1648:, extinct dog breed said to have been bred by Castor
4242:
4204:
4178:
4147:
4106:
4034:
3950:
3929:
3863:
3727:
3435:
3087:, vol. II, Kessinger Publishing, p. 191,
2754:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Dokana
2219:
2173:
2113:
2074:
2065:
1959:
1932:
1851:
1784:
1704:
1215:, was named for the paintings flanking the entrance
401:, holding a horse's reins and spears and wearing a
208:
200:
195:
173:
140:
135:
127:
119:
109:
99:
70:
46:
3370:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 238–253.
3014:de Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika (2006),
2895:Hockmann, Ursula (2013). Koehl, Robert B. (ed.).
2648:Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter
2284:("the pure") is a familiar epithet of the moon,
595:and took her to Sparta while setting his rival,
3039:Beard, Mary; North, John; Price, Simon (1998),
1573:observe the birth of Helen and Dioscuri (Dutch
2989:Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2002),
2570:
2568:
1316:Castor and Pollux are also represented in the
674:. Castor and Pollux carried the women off to
3409:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
65:Statues of Castor and Pollux (3rd century AD)
8:
3316:. Excerpts in English of classical sources.
2993:, Manchester University Press, p. 204,
2837:, US: Oxford University Press, p. 114,
2381:
2379:
922:The Dioskouroi and their sisters grew up in
749:, were said to have been initiated into the
3112:, Cambridge University Press, p. 187,
2899:. INSTAP Academic Press. pp. 367–368.
2627:Routledge (2002), "Castor and Polydeuces",
2032:
1901:
1438:identifies Castor and Pollux as models for
587:, the half-brothers invaded his kingdom of
3449:
3416:
3402:
3394:
3223:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–4
2681:
2679:
2593:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2418:
2416:
2414:
1640:, the divine twins in Lithuanian mythology
930:; they were particularly important to the
284:In Latin, the twins are also known as the
59:
3268:Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture
3194:, Yale University Press, pp. 24–32,
3018:, University of Texas Press, p. 60,
2439:
2437:
2435:
1276:in gratitude at the Roman victory in the
946:or grave-shrine was on a mountain top at
681:The cousins carried out a cattle-raid in
571:in revenge for the treachery of its king
3192:The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark
1341:, and the god made him a gift of Dotor (
705:sculpture group (latter 5th century BCE)
583:When their sister Helen was abducted by
3323:. London, New York: I. B. Tauris, 2015.
2882:
2795:
2783:
2701:
2539:
2423:Roberts, John, ed. (2007), "Dioscūri",
2370:
2325:
1692:
1662:, when two males father fraternal twins
1490:
1429:Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Melapsippus
3257:, Thames and Hundson, pp. 105–12
2942:Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 22.8.24
2586:
2386:Cotterell, Arthur (1997), "Dioscuri",
954:from Sparta, at a shrine known as the
837:(Ἀργώ) and rustling cattle with Idas.
625:The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus
43:
3165:Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts, 190.50
2976:
2609:
2607:
2605:
1634:, the divine twins of Vedic mythology
1337:wrote that Polydeuces was a lover of
7:
3335:Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin
1320:by the use of eggs as lap counters.
829:(an element of a Doric frieze) from
2931:Pomponius Mela, Chorographia, 1.111
2650:, Princeton: Bollingen, p. 122
457:. The Dioscuri are also invoked in
3176:Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts - GR
2688:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1683:, sometimes linked to the Dioscuri
833:showing them on the voyage of the
32:Castor and Pollux (disambiguation)
25:
3108:McDonnell, Myles Anthony (2006),
2812:, Osprey Publishing, p. 53,
2735:History of the Fall of Troy 12. A
2427:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
2425:Dictionary of the Classical World
1462:", thunder being associated with
1274:Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis
1029:, the Dioscuri were venerated in
131:Feast of the Dioskouroi (July 15)
2629:Who's Who in Classical Mythology
2215:
2160:
2109:
2061:
1916:
1832:
1780:
1700:
1558:
1543:
1528:
1512:
1493:
1374:
1365:
1201:
1192:
762:
2446:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2388:A Dictionary of World Mythology
2337:, London: Bloomsbury Publishing
2333:Bloomsbury (1996), "Dioscuri",
1660:Heteropaternal superfecundation
1323:In translations of comedies by
615:Leucippides, Lynceus, and death
271:heteropaternal superfecundation
39:Heavenly Twins (disambiguation)
559:, a savage mythical people in
1:
4318:Characters in the Argonautica
3066:A Companion to Roman Religion
3016:The Religion of the Etruscans
2037:'sons of Zeus', from
1594:, a Spartan epithet used for
1231:Castorei Podlouqueique qurois
1111:The heavenly twins appear in
633:
547:During the expedition of the
529:and later joined the crew of
516:above a warship (369–363 BCE)
508:strangling snakes (top), and
395:
4353:Family of Calyce (mythology)
4323:Children of Leda (mythology)
2268:
2026:
1895:
1759:
1119:brother-horsemen called the
926:, in the royal household of
339:in Spartan inscriptions, or
77:Dioskouroi (Latin, Dioscuri)
3190:(2000), "Sons of thunder",
3138:www.tribunesandtriumphs.org
2862:, Basic Books, p. 63,
1258:Temple of Castor and Pollux
1211:The House of the Dioscuri,
1138:Etruscan Kastur and Pultuce
1115:tradition as the effulgent
1093:, was called by the Greeks
898:Temple of Castor and Pollux
896:Fragmentary remains of the
4414:
4398:Princes in Greek mythology
3911:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
3850:
2953:Solinus, Polyhistor, 15.17
2516:, Bristol: Classical Press
2260:
2018:
1887:
1748:
1654:Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea
1434:The New Testament scholar
1346:
1184:Italy and the Roman Empire
1104:
1069:, Amphitus and Cercius of
1049:One of the Dioscuri, on a
89:Polydeuces (Latin, Pollux)
36:
29:
4368:Greek mythological heroes
3906:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
3452:
2833:Pomeroy, Sarah B (2002),
2772:, Oxford University Press
2770:A Dictionary of the Bible
2690:, Oxford University Press
2575:Stratikis, Potis (1987),
2448:, Oxford University Press
2406:, Oxford University Press
2390:, Oxford University Press
58:
51:
4165:Rape of the Sabine Women
3266:Maier, Bernhard (1997),
3255:The Heroes of the Greeks
2615:Encyclopædia Britannica.
2512:Campbell, David (1967),
1425:Saints Cosmas and Damian
1256:The construction of the
1164:Tomb of the Funereal Bed
1130:, and possibly Germanic
246:, known together as the
209:Indo-European equivalent
4393:Life-death-rebirth gods
4170:Battle of Lacus Curtius
3068:, Blackwell, p. 37
2858:Davenport, Guy (1999),
2704:, p. 107 note 584.
1602:, and Castor and Pollux
1398:Even after the rise of
1286:, the transferral of a
1278:Battle of Lake Regillus
1146:venerated the twins as
1101:Indo-European analogues
1053:pillar (2nd century CE)
1019:Anatolian Great Goddess
973:laid out for them below
860:They were described by
567:to destroy the city of
483:tells the story of how
4388:Mythological Laconians
3857:
3425:Ancient Roman religion
3270:, Boydell & Brewer
2014:
1906:'much sweet '.
1819:
1740:
1606:Alexiares and Anicetus
1386:Piazza del Campidoglio
1253:
1154:, collectively as the
1085:, located between the
1054:
1021:and the great gods of
974:
904:
810:
795:
706:
639:
517:
406:
3856:
2991:The Etruscan Language
2920:Hyginus, Fabulae, 275
1519:Limestone stele from
1431:with the Dioskouroi.
1292:in exchange for favor
1251:
1048:
968:
895:
808:
789:
697:A twin supported by
696:
622:
504:stele depicting baby
497:
389:
4050:Interpretatio graeca
3350:Archeologia Classica
3152:"Plautus: Aulularia"
2768:(1997), "Dioscuri",
2010:-yuu-ry, -ree
1471:Acts of the Apostles
1440:James son of Zebedee
962:in northern Greece.
751:Eleusinian mysteries
30:For other uses, see
27:Greek mythical twins
4358:Gemini in astrology
4250:Classical mythology
4071:Theology of victory
3916:Kings of Alba Longa
3085:The History of Rome
2631:, London: Routledge
1469:More directly, the
1454:published his work
882:Etymologicum Magnum
650:, whose father was
201:Etruscan equivalent
4313:Astronomical myths
3858:
2766:Browning, W. R. F.
2733:Dares of Phrygia.
2577:Ελληνική Μυθολογία
2514:Greek Lyric Poetry
2335:Dictionary of Myth
1413:Raising of Lazarus
1254:
1237:of the Greek word
1077:Island of Dioscuri
1055:
1041:City of Dioscurias
975:
905:
811:
796:
707:
640:
607:after the fall of
518:
407:
204:Kastur and Pultuce
166:(father of Pollux)
156:(father of Castor)
18:Pollux (mythology)
4378:Greek war deities
4343:Deeds of Poseidon
4303:Castor and Pollux
4290:
4289:
4267:Etruscan religion
3881:Romulus and Remus
3864:Legendary figures
3848:
3847:
3497:Castor and Pollux
3376:978-1-4426-1343-0
3319:Walker, Henry J.
3215:Harris, J. Rendel
3188:MacDonald, Dennis
3041:Religions of Rome
2266:
2259:; Ancient Greek:
2036:
2024:
2017:; Ancient Greek:
1905:
1893:
1886:; Ancient Greek:
1770:'beaver'.
1769:
1757:
1681:Thracian horseman
1260:, located in the
1087:Guardafui Channel
888:Shrines and rites
753:. In some myths,
485:Simonides of Ceos
399: 460–450 BC
382:Classical sources
292:, as well as the
257:Their mother was
218:
217:
100:Major cult center
47:Castor and Pollux
16:(Redirected from
4405:
4373:Greek underworld
4328:Children of Zeus
4160:Founding of Rome
3930:Legendary beings
3891:Tullus Hostilius
3728:Abstract deities
3587:Lares Familiares
3450:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3395:
3315:
3299:
3283:
3281:Tenth Nemean Ode
3271:
3261:
3245:
3225:
3224:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3184:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3134:"Circus Maximus"
3130:
3124:
3122:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3081:Mommsen, Theodor
3077:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2810:The Spartan Army
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2751:
2742:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2674:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2572:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2374:
2368:
2355:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2330:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:romanized:
2264:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2023:romanized:
2022:
2020:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1892:romanized:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1697:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1516:
1502:Attic red-figure
1497:
1452:J. Rendel Harris
1442:and his brother
1436:Dennis MacDonald
1378:
1369:
1357:Christianization
1348:
1205:
1196:
1156:tinas cliniiaras
775:(Vatican Museum)
766:
638:
635:
400:
397:
63:
44:
21:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4333:Chthonic beings
4293:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4282:Myth and ritual
4277:Greek mythology
4238:
4200:
4196:Pignora imperii
4191:Parabiago Plate
4174:
4143:
4102:
4036:
4030:
4012:Sibylline Books
3946:
3925:
3896:Servius Tullius
3859:
3844:
3723:
3439:
3431:
3422:
3385:
3330:
3328:Further reading
3314:, Theoi Project
3307:
3287:
3275:
3265:
3249:
3238:Burkert, Walter
3236:
3233:
3228:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3110:Roman Manliness
3107:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2732:
2728:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2660:
2656:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2585:
2581:Greek Mythology
2574:
2573:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2358:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2296:
2292:
2280:
2276:
2253:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1985:
1952:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1880:
1876:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1812:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1729:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1646:Castorian (dog)
1608:, twin-sons of
1588:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1507:(c. 515–510 BC)
1498:
1483:
1409:Twelve Apostles
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1359:
1235:transliteration
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1140:
1109:
1103:
1079:
1043:
890:
870:
853:they wear, the
794:with Dioskouroi
784:
779:
778:
777:
772:
767:
735:Alpha Geminorum
729:("the twins"):
636:
617:
581:
545:
527:Calydonian Boar
523:
398:
384:
321:
306:St. Elmo's fire
244:Roman mythology
169:
95:
66:
54:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4411:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4295:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4134:Pythagoreanism
4131:
4129:Peripateticism
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4023:The Golden Ass
4014:
4009:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3981:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3942:Barnacle goose
3939:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3886:Numa Pompilius
3883:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3433:
3432:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3383:External links
3381:
3380:
3379:
3364:
3346:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3308:"Dioskouroi",
3305:
3291:Ars Disputandi
3285:
3273:
3263:
3247:
3242:Greek Religion
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3206:
3200:
3179:
3168:
3157:
3143:
3125:
3118:
3100:
3093:
3072:
3056:
3049:
3031:
3024:
3006:
2999:
2981:
2969:
2956:
2945:
2934:
2923:
2912:
2906:978-1931534734
2905:
2887:
2885:, p. 111.
2875:
2868:
2850:
2843:
2825:
2818:
2800:
2798:, p. 107.
2788:
2776:
2757:
2743:
2726:
2706:
2694:
2675:
2654:
2635:
2619:
2601:
2544:
2542:, p. 109.
2532:
2520:
2504:
2486:
2469:
2452:
2431:
2410:
2394:
2375:
2373:, p. 212.
2356:
2340:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2307:
2290:
2274:
2207:
2152:
2101:
2053:
1908:
1824:
1772:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1603:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1551:Byzantine silk
1549:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1448:Gospel of Mark
1383:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1318:Circus Maximus
1288:tutelary deity
1229:, which reads
1210:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1139:
1136:
1105:Main article:
1102:
1099:
1081:The island of
1078:
1075:
1061:coast, modern
1051:Las Incantadas
1042:
1039:
1027:Archaic period
911:, such as the
889:
886:
869:
866:
862:Dares Phrygius
783:
780:
769:
768:
761:
760:
759:
743:Beta Geminorum
616:
613:
580:
579:Rescuing Helen
577:
544:
541:
522:
519:
430:), but in the
383:
380:
320:
317:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
175:
171:
170:
168:
167:
157:
151:
144:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4410:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Horse deities
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Imperial cult
4054:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:and practices
4033:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3985:Metamorphoses
3982:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Ancus Marcius
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Tranquillitas
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:Dii Consentes
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:. pp. 10–31.
3336:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3298:on 2013-04-14
3297:
3293:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:Kerényi, Karl
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3201:0-300-08012-3
3197:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3119:0-521-82788-4
3115:
3111:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3094:1-4191-6625-5
3090:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3052:
3050:0-521-45646-0
3046:
3042:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3025:0-292-70687-1
3021:
3017:
3010:
3007:
3002:
3000:0-7190-5540-7
2996:
2992:
2985:
2982:
2979:, p. 96.
2978:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2869:1-58243-035-7
2865:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2844:0-19-513067-7
2840:
2836:
2835:Spartan Women
2829:
2826:
2821:
2819:1-85532-659-0
2815:
2811:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2644:Kerényi, Karl
2639:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:Apollodorus,
2524:
2521:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2258:
2257:
2248:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2139:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2088:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2012:
2011:
1994:
1912:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1884:
1871:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1745:Ancient Greek
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Gozu and Mezu
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:Mount Olympus
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1343:Ancient Greek
1340:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:A Pot of Gold
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1300:Magna Graecia
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:Magna Graecia
1214:
1204:
1195:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1178:Phrygian caps
1175:
1174:
1173:lectisternium
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Indo-European
1108:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:. During the
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
993:: νά τώ θεὼ,
992:
988:
984:
980:
972:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
903:
899:
894:
887:
885:
883:
879:
874:
867:
865:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
807:
803:
801:
793:
788:
781:
776:
771:
765:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:Mount Olympus
715:
713:
712:Mount Olympus
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
631:
627:
626:
621:
614:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
542:
540:
538:
537:
533:'s ship, the
532:
528:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
476:
475:
470:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
434:
429:
426:
422:
418:
417:
412:
405:-style helmet
404:
393:
388:
381:
379:
375:
373:
369:
368:
363:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
316:
314:
311:
310:Indo-European
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:("twins") or
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:Helen of Troy
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:half-brothers
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
191:
187:
186:Helen of Troy
183:
179:
176:
172:
165:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
73:
69:
62:
57:
50:
45:
40:
33:
19:
4348:Divine twins
4186:Gubernaculum
4155:Golden Bough
4124:Neoplatonism
4119:Epicureanism
4048:
4021:
4002:
3983:
3976:
3962:
3496:
3467:Anna Perenna
3441:
3367:
3352:
3349:
3334:
3320:
3310:
3296:the original
3290:
3280:
3267:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3219:
3209:
3191:
3182:
3171:
3160:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3109:
3103:
3084:
3075:
3065:
3059:
3040:
3034:
3015:
3009:
2990:
2984:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2948:
2937:
2926:
2915:
2896:
2890:
2883:Kerényi 1959
2878:
2859:
2853:
2834:
2828:
2809:
2803:
2796:Kerényi 1959
2791:
2784:Burkert 1985
2779:
2769:
2760:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2718:
2709:
2702:Kerényi 1959
2697:
2687:
2669:
2666:
2657:
2647:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2613:"Dioscuri".
2580:
2576:
2540:Kerényi 1959
2535:
2523:
2513:
2507:
2496:
2489:
2479:
2472:
2462:
2455:
2445:
2424:
2403:
2397:
2387:
2371:Burkert 1985
2343:
2334:
2328:
2310:
2302:
2293:
2277:
2210:
2155:
2104:
2056:
2046:
2038:
1911:
1827:
1775:
1695:
1484:
1468:
1433:
1400:Christianity
1397:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1281:
1265:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1220:
1171:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1110:
1107:Divine twins
1095:Dioskouridou
1094:
1080:
1056:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:The rite of
1003:
994:
976:
970:
955:
943:
941:
935:
921:
906:
875:
871:
859:
854:
834:
818:
812:
797:
792:Antiochus VI
774:
716:
708:
688:
680:
641:
623:
582:
546:
543:As Argonauts
534:
524:
513:
489:chariot race
479:
472:
466:
438:
431:
424:
414:
408:
392:calyx krater
390:Castor on a
376:
365:
359:
357:
340:
336:
328:
324:
322:
297:
293:
289:
285:
283:
279:Clytemnestra
256:
251:
247:
228:
224:
220:
219:
213:Divine twins
190:Clytemnestra
92:The Two Gods
4260:Persecution
4212:Gallo-Roman
4004:Res divinae
3876:Rhea Silvia
2670:Astronomica
2349:Apollodorus
2006:-e(y)e, dy-
1521:Roman Egypt
1417:Saint Peter
1262:Roman Forum
1158:, "Sons of
1091:Arabian Sea
1067:charioteers
999:Dual number
991:Doric Greek
971:(theoxenia)
950:across the
839:Greek vases
782:Iconography
670:'s brother
637: 1618
510:Athena Alea
313:horse twins
196:Equivalents
71:Other names
4363:Greek gods
4297:Categories
4205:Variations
4107:Philosophy
4086:Capitolium
3993:Propertius
3760:Averruncus
3745:Aeternitas
3735:Abundantia
3664:Proserpina
3355:: 117–59.
2977:Maier 1997
2480:tout coule
2321:References
2269:Tundarídai
2261:Τυνδαρίδαι
2027:Dióskouroi
2019:Διόσκουροι
1896:Polydeúkēs
1888:Πολυδεύκης
1404:Gelasius I
1390:Capitoline
1351:Thessalian
1243:Πολυδεύκης
1125:Lithuanian
1023:Samothrace
995:ná tō theō
956:Meneláeion
666:, sons of
597:Menestheus
514:Dioskouroi
372:Epic cycle
341:Tyndaridai
337:Tindaridai
294:Tyndaridae
252:Dioskouroi
229:Polydeuces
180:, Phoebe,
4308:Argonauts
4232:Mithraism
4217:Mysteries
4066:Palladium
4044:Festivals
3820:Securitas
3770:Concordia
3714:Vertumnus
3532:Dīs Pater
3429:mythology
3259:et passim
3220:Boanerges
2963:Tacitus,
2720:Lycophron
2715:Scholiast
2303:Hellenica
2051:('boys').
2013:; Latin:
1818:; Latin:
1754:romanized
1638:Ašvieniai
1536:Sassanian
1456:Boanerges
1168:Tarquinia
1144:Etruscans
1128:Ašvieniai
1059:Black Sea
1031:Naukratis
1012:theoxenia
1007:theoxenia
997:, in the
983:libations
979:holocaust
928:Tyndareus
851:skull-cap
843:Argonauts
701:, from a
668:Tyndareus
652:Leucippus
549:Argonauts
521:Mythology
463:Euripides
428:3.253–255
333:Tyndareus
329:Catalogue
298:Tyndarids
263:Tyndareus
154:Tyndareus
136:Genealogy
128:Festivals
86:Tyndarids
4272:Glossary
4243:See also
4139:Stoicism
4114:Cynicism
4076:Pomerium
4035:Concepts
4017:Apuleius
3937:She-wolf
3921:Hersilia
3840:Victoria
3740:Aequitas
3694:Summanus
3684:Silvanus
3669:Quirinus
3599:Libertas
3562:Hercules
3507:Cloacina
3492:Carmenta
3487:Bona Dea
3462:Angerona
3457:Agenoria
3361:44367982
3343:40514336
3311:Ouranios
3253:(1959),
3240:(1985),
3217:(1913),
3083:(2004),
2965:Germania
2646:(1967),
2589:citation
2347:Compare
2299:Xenophon
2256:-də-ridz
2015:Dioscūrī
1622:Juventas
1614:Hercules
1610:Heracles
1586:See also
1575:majolica
1415:or with
1296:Locrians
1283:evocatio
1272:made by
1227:Lavinium
1170:where a
1089:and the
960:Kastoria
948:Therapne
932:Spartans
913:Anakeion
880:and the
823:amphorae
790:Coin of
755:Poseidon
747:Heracles
672:Aphareus
664:Messenia
648:Hilaeira
601:Demophon
561:Bithynia
557:Bebryces
512:and the
506:Herakles
499:Boeotian
451:Herakles
353:Philonoe
345:Timandra
290:Castores
248:Dioscuri
182:Philonoe
178:Timandra
174:Siblings
150:(mother)
104:Anakeion
83:Castores
4255:Decline
4179:Objects
4081:Temples
4061:Charity
3795:Laverna
3785:Fortuna
3775:Feronia
3704:Veritas
3674:Salacia
3659:Priapus
3644:Penates
3624:Neptune
3619:Minerva
3614:Mercury
3577:Jupiter
3517:Dea Dia
3482:Bellona
3437:Deities
3231:Sources
2662:Hyginus
2500:, Theoi
2494:Homer,
2147:-ər-eez
2096:-in-eye
2045:') and
2035:
1904:
1768:
1756::
1632:Ashvins
1592:Ambulia
1577:, 1550)
1481:Gallery
1475:Acts 28
1460:Thunder
1446:in the
1392:in 1585
1388:on the
1353:horse.
1349:), the
1335:Photius
1325:Plautus
1309:equites
1239:κούροις
1213:Pompeii
1152:Pultuce
1121:Ashvins
1083:Socotra
1063:Sukhumi
1035:Kuretes
952:Eurotas
939:Gods".
827:metopes
703:Locrian
683:Arcadia
656:Lynceus
585:Theseus
555:of the
502:proxeny
474:Elektra
459:Alcaeus
455:Theseus
441:and in
439:Odyssey
433:Odyssey
370:in the
325:Odyssey
164:Jupiter
141:Parents
4338:Cybele
4222:Cybele
4148:Events
4096:Celtic
3964:Aeneid
3958:Virgil
3871:Aeneas
3805:Pietas
3790:Fontus
3765:Caelus
3755:Annona
3750:Africa
3719:Vulcan
3679:Saturn
3654:Pomona
3557:Genius
3547:Faunus
3537:Egeria
3477:Aurora
3472:Apollo
3374:
3359:
3341:
3302:Pindar
3277:Pindar
3198:
3116:
3091:
3047:
3022:
2997:
2903:
2866:
2841:
2816:
2673:2.22.2
2529:1.9.16
2353:1.9.16
2286:Selene
2282:Phoebe
2202:-id-ee
2048:koûroi
1820:Pollūx
1760:Kástōr
1749:Κάστωρ
1741:Castōr
1596:Athena
1569:, and
1565:Zeus,
1477::11).
1411:, the
1339:Hermes
1148:Kastur
1071:Sparta
944:herōon
942:Their
936:dókana
924:Sparta
915:, and
909:Athens
868:Dokana
831:Delphi
819:dokana
815:votive
800:Oppian
739:Pollux
737:) and
731:Castor
727:Gemini
699:Triton
676:Sparta
644:Phoebe
630:Rubens
605:Acamas
593:Aethra
589:Attica
573:Pelias
569:Iolcus
565:Peleus
553:Amycus
481:Cicero
447:Pindar
443:Hesiod
367:Cypria
351:, and
349:Phoebe
302:Gemini
286:Gemini
231:) are
225:Pollux
221:Castor
120:Gender
114:Horses
80:Gemini
4091:Cella
3998:Varro
3978:Fasti
3951:Texts
3835:Terra
3815:Salus
3780:Fides
3709:Vesta
3699:Venus
3649:Pluto
3639:Orcus
3594:Liber
3582:Lares
3567:Janus
3552:Flora
3542:Fauna
3522:Diana
3512:Cupid
3502:Ceres
3357:JSTOR
3339:JSTOR
2739:Iliad
2617:2008.
2579:[
2004:SKURE
1883:-seez
1737:Latin
1688:Notes
1666:Janus
1505:kylix
1347:Δώτορ
1268:votum
1160:Tinia
1132:Alcis
1117:Vedic
855:pilos
723:Hades
531:Jason
468:Helen
425:Iliad
421:Helen
416:Iliad
411:Homer
403:pilos
361:Iliad
319:Birth
240:Greek
110:Mount
4227:Isis
3972:Ovid
3825:Spes
3810:Roma
3609:Mars
3604:Luna
3572:Juno
3527:Dies
3427:and
3372:ISBN
3196:ISBN
3114:ISBN
3089:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3020:ISBN
2995:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2864:ISBN
2839:ISBN
2814:ISBN
2595:link
2497:Hymn
2200:DARR
2198:tin-
2145:KAST
2043:Zeus
2039:Dîos
2033:lit.
1902:lit.
1879:-ih-
1815:-əks
1766:lit.
1732:-tər
1618:Hebe
1616:and
1600:Zeus
1571:Amor
1567:Hera
1464:Zeus
1444:John
1421:Paul
1150:and
1142:The
987:pear
917:Rome
902:Rome
878:Suda
847:Leda
835:Argo
660:Idas
658:and
646:and
609:Troy
603:and
536:Argo
471:and
453:and
277:and
267:Zeus
259:Leda
242:and
233:twin
227:(or
223:and
188:and
160:Zeus
148:Leda
123:Male
3800:Pax
3689:Sol
3634:Ops
3629:Nox
2967:43.
2254:TIN
2094:JEM
2008:OSK
2002:-ə-
1945:ʊər
1881:DEW
1877:POL
1813:POL
1730:KAS
1671:Nio
1298:of
1166:at
1001:).
900:in
813:On
662:of
628:by
394:of
296:or
250:or
238:in
4299::
3353:60
3300:.
3279:,
3136:.
2746:^
2717:,
2678:^
2667:De
2664:,
2604:^
2591:}}
2587:{{
2547:^
2434:^
2413:^
2378:^
2359:^
2351:,
2263:,
2235:ər
2189:iː
2180:ær
2132:iː
2129:ər
2084:aɪ
2069:dʒ
2041:('
2030:,
2021:,
2000:DY
1984:,-
1981:aɪ
1957:aɪ
1948:aɪ
1927:aɪ
1899:,
1890:,
1864:iː
1858:uː
1855:dj
1763:,
1751:,
1747::
1743:;
1739::
1735:;
1720:ər
1598:,
1345::
1245:.
1180:.
1134:.
1123:,
1073:.
1037:.
634:c.
632:,
611:.
575:.
539:.
477:.
465:,
423:,
396:c.
374:.
355:.
347:,
315:.
281:.
254:.
184:,
3446:)
3440:(
3417:e
3410:t
3403:v
3378:.
3363:.
3345:.
3284:.
3272:.
3262:.
3246:.
3154:.
3140:.
3123:.
3098:.
3070:.
3054:.
3029:.
3004:.
2909:.
2873:.
2848:.
2823:.
2786:.
2774:.
2741:.
2724:.
2692:.
2652:.
2633:.
2599:.
2597:)
2518:.
2502:.
2484:.
2467:.
2450:.
2429:.
2408:.
2392:.
2301:(
2272:.
2247:/
2244:z
2241:d
2238:ɪ
2232:d
2229:n
2226:ɪ
2223:t
2220:ˈ
2217:/
2205:.
2192:/
2186:d
2183:ɪ
2177:d
2174:ˈ
2171:n
2168:ɪ
2165:t
2162:/
2150:.
2138:/
2135:z
2126:t
2123:s
2120:æ
2117:k
2114:ˈ
2111:/
2099:.
2087:/
2081:n
2078:ɪ
2075:m
2072:ɛ
2066:ˈ
2063:/
1993:/
1990:i
1987:r
1978:r
1975:ʊ
1972:j
1969:k
1966:s
1963:ɒ
1960:ˈ
1954:d
1951:,
1942:j
1939:k
1936:s
1933:ˈ
1930:ə
1924:d
1921:ˌ
1918:/
1870:/
1867:z
1861:s
1852:ˈ
1849:ɪ
1846:l
1843:ɒ
1840:p
1837:ˌ
1834:/
1822:.
1806:/
1803:s
1800:k
1797:ə
1794:l
1791:ɒ
1788:p
1785:ˈ
1782:/
1723:/
1717:t
1714:s
1711:æ
1708:k
1705:ˈ
1702:/
1628:.
1620:/
1612:/
1270:)
1266:(
741:(
733:(
162:–
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
