139:
234:
78:
from late April into May 1778. She taught them how to make a soup with the corn, nuts, and fruits to increase its nutritional value. Not wanting to be paid for her service, she was presented with a black shawl, which has been esteemed by Cooper and the Oneida people. It has been loaned to the Oneida
198:
After the war, the Oneida's lost most of their land. The words written about Oneida's role in
American history have been delayed and understated for two centuries. According to Carlton E. Spitzer, modern television documentaries generally exclude the roles that Native Americans and Black Americans
323:
There are other theories, like Martha
Washington invited Cooper to Philadelphia, or a dark brown gossimer shawl may have been purchased by the other officer's wives according to Valley Forge staff. The National Park Service published a document about women at Valley Forge that said that Martha
182:
The
Continental Army tried to pay Polly Cooper for her valiant service, but she refused any recompense, stating that it was her duty to help her friends in their time of need. According to Oneida oral tradition, Cooper was given bonnet and a dark shawl by
300:
Polly Cooper is said to be also known as Dolly Cobus, but there is no information that says that Dolly Cobus is Polly Cooper and the information is limited. There was also a Polly Cooper who fought in the
254:
commissioned a bronze statue by sculptor, Edward Hlavka to share the oral tradition of Polly Cooper. The twenty-two foot tall, 2,200 pound monument "Allies in War, Partners in Peace" was gifted to the
886:
190:
The shawl is still in the care of the Cooper descendants and is in nearly perfect condition. It has been loaned for display on special occasions at the Shako:wi, The Oneida Nation
Cultural Center.
174:
soldiers how to make the native's hulled corn soup, mixed with nuts and fruits to improve its nutritional quality. Cooper stayed to care for ill soldiers. She also became
Washington's cook.
199:
played in the colonial war. In 2001, Valley Forge was replacing the film it shows visitors with one that reflects the role Native
Americans and black soldiers played in America's history.
209:
871:
324:
Washington gave Cooper the shawl. Martha, at the encampment until June 1778, was known for keeping people's spirits up. It is also said that she saw a shawl in a window and
170:. They walked through cold weather and deep snow to reach the soldiers who were starving and dying of exposure and hunger. They arrived in May 1778. Cooper taught the
126:, they were scouts, and they provided intelligence of British troop movements during the war. Doing so meant that they fought against the other nations of the
891:
742:
881:
876:
79:
Nation
Cultural Center. Cooper is depicted in a bronze statue, "Allies in War, Partners in Peace", made by Edward Hlavka. It is on display at the
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80:
847:
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532:
896:
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108:
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17:
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who sided with the
British. In 1777, the Seneca, some Mohawk, and Cuyoga officially chose to fight with the British.
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71:
47:
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84:
866:
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743:"New Sound-and-Light Installation Brings to Life the Oneida Nation's Aid to the American Revolution"
213:
74:. She was among 47 Oneida and Seneca people who carried bushels of corn 250 miles (400 km) to
793:
613:
314:
Loew states that Dolly Cobus, also known as Polly Cooper, cooked for
Washington in Philadelphia.
843:
822:
528:
278:. Skenandoa represents the warriors who fought with the patriots during the Revolutionary War.
267:
184:
147:
96:
262:
and is displayed on the Oneida floor. It depicts Polly Cooper carrying a basket of corn with
217:
171:
159:
158:
On April 25, a group of forty-seven Oneida and Seneca men along with Polly Cooper left with
123:
67:
522:
104:
658:
Hulbert, Guy C. (February 22, 1994). "Oneidas Will
Display Gift from Martha Washington".
283:
In 2005, she was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the Oneida County Historical Society.
837:
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carrying bushels of corn 250 miles (400 km) and supplies to assist Washington at
860:
271:
59:
36:
816:
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75:
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Reflections on American Indian history : honoring the past, building a future
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112:
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and his army. They supported the American cause due to the leadership of the
263:
590:"The Oneida Nation in the American Revolution (U.S. National Park Service)"
107:
and their disdain for the British appointed native superintendents, Sir
818:
Forgotten allies : the Oneida Indians and the American revolution
674:"The Polly Cooper Shawl: Testimony to a Pact of the Revolutionary War"
839:
Indian nations of Wisconsin : histories of endurance and renewal
305:
and received a pension, but she was 31 at the time, born about 1782.
558:
Valley Forge National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)
137:
118:
The Oneida and Tuscarora people played a significant role in the
776:
774:
154:, 1866, engraving, based on a painting by Henry Brueckner
527:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 64–66.
721:
Daughters of the American Revolution - National Society
641:
639:
887:
People of New York (state) in the American Revolution
463:
461:
459:
210:
National Society Daughters of the American Revolution
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42:
32:
25:
815:Glatthaar, Joseph T.; Martin, James Kirby (2006).
66:who took part in a expedition to aid the starving
842:. Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society Press.
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630:
576:
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385:
383:
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360:
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8:
692:"Oneida tribe hoping to set record straight"
95:The Oneida had a friendly relationship with
46:Feeding soldiers at Valley Forge during the
872:Native Americans in the American Revolution
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432:
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717:"New York - State and Chapter Web Sites"
187:, who was at the encampment until June.
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548:
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260:National Museum of the American Indian
223:
81:National Museum of the American Indian
16:For the Archie Comics character, see
7:
645:
467:
439:"The legend of Polly Cooper's shawl"
554:"The Women Present at Valley Forge"
892:18th-century Native American women
761:"Allies in War, Partners in Peace"
437:Spitzer, Carlton E. (2001-01-04).
238:"Allies in War, Partners in Peace"
14:
882:Native American women in warfare
877:Women in the American Revolution
521:Hurtado, Albert L., ed. (2008).
490:George Washington's Mount Vernon
232:
208:The Polly Cooper Chapter of the
122:. They fought and died with the
394:"Oneida cast for silver screen"
794:"Polly Cooper: Oneida Heroine"
614:"Polly Cooper: Oneida Heroine"
1:
902:18th-century Native Americans
392:Wideman, Steve (1995-11-18).
18:Polly Cooper (Archie Comics)
897:18th-century American women
821:. New York: Hill and Wang.
781:Glatthaar & Martin 2006
631:Glatthaar & Martin 2006
577:Glatthaar & Martin 2006
509:Glatthaar & Martin 2006
373:Glatthaar & Martin 2006
361:Glatthaar & Martin 2006
349:Glatthaar & Martin 2006
918:
120:American Revolutionary War
72:American Revolutionary War
48:American Revolutionary War
15:
231:
698:. 1995-11-18. p. 19
256:Smithsonian Institution
242:Smithsonian Institution
85:Smithsonian Institution
363:, pp. 57, 66, 67.
155:
660:Oneida Daily Dispatch
141:
836:Loew, Patty (2001).
798:Oneida Indian Nation
765:Oneida Indian Nation
747:Smithsonian Magazine
678:Oneida Indian Nation
618:Oneida Indian Nation
579:, pp. 205, 208.
511:, pp. 203, 205.
252:Oneida Indian Nation
240:, by Edward Hlavka,
128:Iroquois Confederacy
351:, pp. 95, 116.
144:Valley Forge prayer
111:and his son-in-law
91:American Revolution
156:
849:978-0-87020-332-9
828:978-0-8090-4601-0
696:The Post-Crescent
534:978-0-8061-3896-1
443:The Star-Democrat
398:The Post-Crescent
375:, pp. 70–86.
268:George Washington
247:
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185:Martha Washington
148:George Washington
97:George Washington
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160:Louis de Tousard
124:Continental Army
68:Continental Army
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264:Chief Skenandoa
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146:, with General
142:John C. McRae,
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109:William Johnson
105:Samuel Kirkland
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64:New York colony
62:woman from the
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43:Known for
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867:Oneida people
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809:Bibliography
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724:. Retrieved
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447:. Retrieved
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402:. Retrieved
400:. p. 17
397:
368:
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328:paid for it.
319:
310:
296:
276:Valley Forge
197:
189:
181:
168:Pennsylvania
164:Valley Forge
157:
152:Valley Forge
143:
134:Valley Forge
117:
101:Presbyterian
94:
76:Valley Forge
56:Polly Cooper
55:
54:
27:Polly Cooper
594:www.nps.gov
445:. p. 5
303:War of 1812
150:praying at
113:Guy Johnson
70:during the
33:Nationality
861:Categories
702:2024-05-12
599:2024-05-12
563:2024-05-12
495:2024-05-12
449:2024-05-12
404:2024-05-12
336:References
270:, and two
266:, General
103:preacher,
646:Loew 2001
468:Loew 2001
214:Chappaqua
178:The shawl
486:"Oneida"
326:Congress
218:New York
726:May 11,
272:Oneidas
83:of the
58:was an
846:
825:
531:
203:Legacy
60:Oneida
288:Notes
844:ISBN
823:ISBN
728:2024
529:ISBN
274:at
258:'s
115:.
863::
796:.
773:^
763:.
745:.
719:.
694:.
676:.
638:^
616:.
592:.
556:.
543:^
488:.
475:^
458:^
441:.
413:^
396:.
380:^
216:,
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220:.
20:.
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