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65:
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273:(lateral extensions of each segment). The antennae are relatively thick. These millipedes can have from 20 to 88 segments, with huge variation in segment number within the same species. The body is frequently yellowish or even pink, sometimes featuring characteristic black bands. Legs have six segments. In males, leg pairs 9 and 10 become leglike
277:
in adults. The posterior gonopods typically have from five to seven segments, but the number of segments in the anterior gonopods is more variable. Juveniles hatch with four leg pairs. Females in this order protect their eggs.
264:
Millipedes in this order range from 4 mm to 50 mm in length but are usually 10 mm to 15 mm long. Polyzoniidans have a somewhat domed dorsal surface with a flat ventral side. Their heads are small and cone-like, with few
244:
secretions in this order frequently have a strong camphor-like smell. Poison frogs in South
America and Madagascar evidently obtain some of their poison from these millipedes.
1507:
1546:
521:
485:
323:
This order is distributed worldwide, but in Africa is found only in South Africa and
Madagascar. The family Hirudisomatidae occurs from Spain to the
1677:
1481:
1520:
343:. Siphonotidae has a southern distribution, occurring in Brazil and Chile, South Africa, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.
674:
558:
449:
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1525:
1276:
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252:
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1390:
1377:
236:. This order contains three families and more than 70 described species. The species in this order are also known as
64:
1551:
1460:
1292:
336:
332:
1701:
1473:
667:
327:
in
Eurasia, Japan, and in North America from southwest Canada to central Mexico. The family Polyzoniidae has a
1706:
1663:
382:(Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness): 159-164 .
613:
41:
1330:
429:
1395:
1582:
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1600:
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50:
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1416:
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428:
Enghoff, Henrik; Golovatch, Sergei; Short, Megan; Stoev, Pavel; Wesener, Thomas (2015-01-01).
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United States, eastern Canada, and in Europe from the United
Kingdom and France to
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126:
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24:
20:
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1635:
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711:
705:
684:
324:
226:
116:
106:
96:
76:
608:
1403:
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Treatise on
Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2
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241:
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251:
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1328:
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from the western United States viewed from below and above
1651:
331:(northern hemisphere) distribution, occurring in the
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1239:
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1208:
1175:
1160:
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1120:
1091:
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808:
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770:
745:
367:"Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844"
522:"Geographic distribution of Millipede Families"
474:. Ohio Division of Wildlife. pp. 3, 18–19.
286:The order Polyzoniida contains three families:
1671:
668:
8:
531:. The Field Museum, Chicago. Archived from
495:. The Field Museum, Chicago. Archived from
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1664:
1325:
1236:
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1041:
924:
873:
869:
805:
796:
742:
738:
727:
675:
661:
653:
640:
40:
31:
486:"Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders"
365:Shear, William (2011). Zhang, Z. (ed.).
352:
7:
1632:
1630:
1601:A1418783-BF30-B77F-3C82-FD0CFAEFF817
1562:2e118ba0-c029-42c9-9f42-1f5433b27e61
1474:34b7c0da-5e3f-41c1-bf14-7e53dca01750
1298:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
360:
358:
356:
1650:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1634:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1275:
1270:
1027:
619:
607:
592:
559:"Millipede species: Polyzoniida"
529:Milli-PEET Identification Tables
493:Milli-PEET Identification Tables
430:"Diplopoda — taxonomic overview"
269:. They lack a dorsal groove and
63:
54:from the western United States
1:
465:Henen, Derek; Brown, Jeff.
1723:
1629:
18:
1288:
1268:
1055:
1051:
1040:
1025:
872:
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726:
694:
442:10.1163/9789004188273_017
394:"MilliBase - Polyzoniida"
258:Bdellozonium cerviculatum
205:
198:
177:
172:
60:Scientific classification
58:
48:
39:
34:
1002:(flat-backed millipedes)
19:Not to be confused with
830:(giant pill millipedes)
648:Polyzoniida of Tasmania
314:(12 genera, 32 species)
1646:-related article is a
1166:(worm-like millipedes)
881:(suctorial millipedes)
863:(worm-like millipedes)
305:(6 genera, 22 species)
296:(6 genera, 20 species)
261:
1583:Paleobiology Database
255:
1469:Fauna Europaea (new)
757:(bristle-millipedes)
683:Orders of the class
637:Encyclopedia of Life
616:at Wikimedia Commons
563:Tasmanian Multipedes
569:on 17 December 2014
51:Octoglena bivirgata
16:Order of millipedes
538:on 29 October 2013
468:Millipedes of Ohio
262:
238:camphor millipedes
1659:
1658:
1624:
1623:
1570:Open Tree of Life
1331:Taxon identifiers
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1266:
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1079:Microdecemplicida
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1014:
1011:
1010:
1003:
914:
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865:
853:
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831:
815:
813:(pill millipedes)
766:
765:
758:
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612:Media related to
600:Arthropods portal
557:Mesibov, Robert.
502:on 7 October 2019
398:www.millibase.org
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1702:Millipede orders
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1539:NBNSYS0100004813
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1293:List of families
1279:
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1215:
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1118:
1074:Eoarthropleurida
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828:Sphaerotheriida
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624:Data related to
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1162:Helminthomorpha
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1134:Zosterogrammida
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1112:
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1083:
1061:Arthropleuridea
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1007:
991:
986:
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919:
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901:Siphonocryptida
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859:Helminthomorpha
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294:Silvestri, 1896
291:Hirudisomatidae
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225:is an order of
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181:Hirudisomatidae
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137:Helminthomorpha
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28:
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1456:Fauna Europaea
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1200:Palaeosomatida
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1124:incertae sedis
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1247:Xyloiuloidea
1222:Pleurojulida
1210:
1195:Euphoberiida
1190:Cowiedesmida
1185:Archidesmida
1122:
1000:Polydesmida
977:Siphoniulida
895:
891:Platydesmida
841:Limacomorpha
704:Superphylum
687:(millipedes)
635:
571:. Retrieved
567:the original
562:
552:
540:. Retrieved
533:the original
528:
516:
504:. Retrieved
497:the original
492:
480:
467:
460:
436:: 363–453 .
433:
401:. Retrieved
397:
388:
379:
373:
322:
319:Distribution
309:Siphonotidae
300:Polyzoniidae
285:
263:
257:
237:
234:Colobognatha
222:
221:
209:Brandt, 1840
207:Ommatophora
206:
191:Siphonotidae
186:Polyzoniidae
159:
150:Colobognatha
143:
133:Infraclass:
49:
35:Polyzoniida
29:
1697:Polyzoniida
1495:iNaturalist
1383:Polyzoniida
1369:Polyzoniida
1363:Wikispecies
1339:Polyzoniida
982:Stemmiulida
967:Callipodida
959:Nematophora
944:Spirobolida
896:Polyzoniida
755:Polyxenida
747:Penicillata
626:Polyzoniida
614:Polyzoniida
573:14 November
248:Description
231:subterclass
223:Polyzoniida
212:Orthozonia
160:Polyzoniida
127:Chilognatha
103:Subphylum:
1691:Categories
1314:Millipedes
1241:Juliformia
1144:Pentazonia
930:Juliformia
801:Pentazonia
716:Subphylum
712:Arthropoda
685:Diplopoda
542:25 October
506:25 October
403:2024-08-04
347:References
312:Cook, 1895
240:, because
227:millipedes
123:Subclass:
97:Arthropoda
25:Pentazonia
21:Polyxenida
1644:myriapoda
1303:Diplopoda
992:Merocheta
823:Glomerida
718:Myriapoda
706:Ecdysozoa
337:northeast
333:northwest
329:holarctic
325:Himalayas
173:Families
117:Diplopoda
107:Myriapoda
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
1404:BugGuide
1354:Q6453302
1348:Wikidata
1232:Eugnatha
920:Eugnatha
700:Animalia
698:Kingdom
282:Families
275:gonopods
271:paranota
200:Synonyms
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
1046:Extinct
710:Phylum
634:at the
375:Zootaxa
341:Siberia
242:ozopore
229:in the
156:Order:
113:Class:
1614:887898
1588:304847
1575:957734
1559:NZOR:
1552:118485
1526:154423
1500:121553
1448:1POLZO
1396:311634
1312:
939:Julida
732:Living
448:
267:ocelli
167:, 1895
1642:This
1609:WoRMS
1596:Plazi
1513:10154
1508:IRMNG
1461:11514
1422:7NFFG
1409:15018
536:(PDF)
525:(PDF)
500:(PDF)
489:(PDF)
472:(PDF)
370:(PDF)
256:Male
144:Clade
1648:stub
1547:NCBI
1521:ITIS
1487:1022
1482:GBIF
1443:EPPO
1435:6510
1391:BOLD
575:2013
544:2013
508:2013
446:ISBN
380:3148
335:and
165:Cook
1534:NBN
1430:EoL
1417:CoL
1378:AFD
438:doi
23:or
1693::
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561:.
527:.
491:.
444:.
432:.
412:^
396:.
378:.
372:.
355:^
146::
1679:e
1672:t
1665:v
1654:.
1113:a
1111:h
1109:t
1107:a
1105:n
1103:g
1101:o
1099:l
1097:i
1095:h
1093:C
792:a
790:h
788:t
786:a
784:n
782:g
780:o
778:l
776:i
774:h
772:C
676:e
669:t
662:v
577:.
546:.
510:.
454:.
440::
406:.
27:.
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