75:. As originally enacted, this Act, and earlier Marriage Acts, offered no definition of marriage and did not specify the sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or number of partners that may be involved in a marriage leaving this to the common law. From the 19th of August 2013, the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013 amendment the 1955 Act to explicitly allow same-sex marriages by adding a definition that defined marriage as: "marriage means the union of 2 people, regardless of their sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity". The Commentary on the Bill referred back from the select committee indicates that the definition inserted was to "clarify that a marriage is between two people regardless of their sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity" but gives no indication that the question of polygamy was considered.
19:
136:
was drawn from the parliamentary ballot in 2012 to legalise same-sex marriage, opponents of the bill warned that allowing same-sex couples to marry could lead to polygamy being legalised in New
Zealand. Supporters of the bill responded that they were opposed to any such recognition of polygamy, and
116:
Small libertarian organisations and some individual members of non-Christian religious faiths have advocated for the full legalisation of polygamy in New
Zealand. However, there is little public support for legalised polygamy among New Zealanders, nor has it been endorsed by any major political
40:
Advocacy for full legalisation of polygamy in New
Zealand has come from some libertarian individuals and from individual members of non-Christian religious groups. However, polygamy has little public support among New Zealanders, and no major political party has endorsed its legalisation.
124:
was alleged to have given a speech supporting diverse family structures, including "triples". Dyson denied giving the speech, given that she did not cite such material within the original draft within her actual speech, and confirmed that the government had no plans to legalise polygamy.
78:
A person who is married or in a civil union recognised by New
Zealand law, and who subsequently enters into a formal marriage or civil union recognised by New Zealand law with another person in New Zealand, can be charged with bigamy, which is a crime under section 205 of the
37:, which have been legal in New Zealand since 2005. However, polygamous marriages legally performed in another country have limited recognition in New Zealand law, provided that no person involved was living in New Zealand at the time of the union.
149:
case law which upheld
Section 293 of the Canadian Criminal Code and still prohibits polygamy in Canada. They argued that given this recent Commonwealth case law, any pro-polygamy litigation would face opposition for legal recognition
59:(tribal chiefs). When New Zealand was annexed into the British Empire in 1840, British law took effect that prohibited polygamous marriage. Colonial law permitted Māori to marry under their own marriage
63:, which continued until 1888 (although polygamy was practised in Māori society – legally or otherwise – well into the 20th century). But in general, polygamy has remained prohibited in New Zealand law.
1036:
863:
430:
501:
257:
1084:
676:
235:
184:
511:
642:
1110:
423:
86:
Polygamous marriages cannot be solemnised in New
Zealand. However, polygamy receives limited recognition in New Zealand under the
129:
29:
may not be performed in New
Zealand. A married person who enters into another marriage in New Zealand is guilty of the crime of
1261:
868:
1226:
721:
750:
1302:
1297:
1031:
416:
1266:
1125:
1077:
898:
107:
where the law of the country in which each of the parties is domiciled at the time of the union then permits polygamy
1276:
1221:
1236:
1216:
1188:
1145:
1155:
978:
923:
858:
87:
1256:
1211:
1251:
1231:
1006:
973:
815:
810:
605:
574:
315:
133:
342:
626:
463:
286:
159:
301:
1120:
1070:
983:
953:
908:
903:
790:
579:
531:
478:
347:
1271:
1170:
270:
1246:
1165:
1105:
948:
918:
820:
705:
551:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1241:
1115:
993:
958:
928:
878:
825:
742:
597:
516:
491:
146:
988:
963:
873:
853:
805:
795:
772:
767:
671:
616:
584:
506:
473:
468:
207:
968:
943:
938:
893:
883:
843:
777:
652:
637:
564:
544:
483:
888:
848:
800:
681:
647:
621:
589:
569:
559:
539:
526:
521:
72:
373:
1193:
933:
913:
782:
496:
138:
80:
230:
50:
18:
1291:
60:
1026:
408:
319:
34:
121:
1021:
55:
1016:
1011:
439:
101:(a) is entered into outside New Zealand; and
26:
179:
1062:
403:
1050:
30:
17:
231:"Marriage and partnering: Marriage in traditional Māori society"
212:
Transactions and
Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand
1066:
412:
258:
Marriage (Definition of
Marriage) Amendment Act 2013, Section 5
128:
Polygamy also featured during the public debate surrounding
103:(b) is at any time polygamous,—
389:
374:
http://www.gaynz.com/articles/publish/31/article_12156.php
83:
and carries a two to seven years imprisonment penalty.
1202:
1179:
1098:
834:
733:
694:
661:
456:
447:
368:Craig Young: "Marriage Equality: Un/Tainted Love"
145:case from November 2011) as an example of recent
53:society to a limited extent, mostly practised by
272:Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Bill
178:Royal, Te Ahukaramū Charles (29 November 2011).
97:includes a union in the nature of marriage that—
92:
1078:
1044:Kurdish-controlled areas criminalize polygamy
424:
8:
71:Marriage is regulated in New Zealand by the
1085:
1071:
1063:
453:
431:
417:
409:
236:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
185:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
170:
316:"Minister denies support for polygamy"
120:In 2008, Social Development Minister
7:
90:. Section 2 of the Act states that:
343:"50,000 sign against gay marriage"
14:
341:Davison, Isaac (28 August 2012).
758:Hong Kong (performed until 1971)
384:British Columbia Supreme Court:
130:same-sex marriage in New Zealand
49:Polygamy existed in traditional
388:reference case: November 2011:
1111:Federated States of Micronesia
1:
300:Family Proceedings Act 1980,
229:Cook, Megan (27 April 2011).
180:"Māori: Pre-European society"
1037:Marriage practice by country
404:New Zealand Polyamory Group
305:. Retrieved 24 October 2012
290:. Retrieved 24 October 2012
88:Family Proceedings Act 1980
1319:
112:Public debate and advocacy
33:. Similar rules apply for
1002:
275:Retrieved 23 October 2016
261:Retrieved 23 October 2016
1262:Northern Mariana Islands
390:http://canlii.ca/t/fnzqf
208:"Maori Marriage Customs"
1227:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
160:Marriage in New Zealand
348:The New Zealand Herald
109:
23:
1205:and other territories
206:Best, Elsdon (1903).
134:private member's bill
21:
1049:Regions governed by
725:(2008; welfare only)
147:British Commonwealth
27:Polygamous marriages
1303:Polygamy by country
1298:Polygamy in Oceania
1093:Polygamy in Oceania
1032:Polygamy by country
440:Polygamous marriage
24:
1285:
1284:
1277:Wallis and Futuna
1222:Clipperton Island
1180:Associated states
1060:
1059:
751:Equatorial Guinea
690:
689:
285:Crimes Act 1961,
141:Supreme Court's
73:Marriage Act 1955
1310:
1267:Pitcairn Islands
1237:French Polynesia
1217:Christmas Island
1146:Papua New Guinea
1126:Marshall Islands
1099:Sovereign states
1087:
1080:
1073:
1064:
1053:
1045:
734:Recognized under
726:
718:
710:
454:
433:
426:
419:
410:
392:
382:
376:
366:
360:
359:
357:
355:
338:
332:
331:
329:
327:
322:. 12 August 2008
312:
306:
297:
291:
282:
276:
268:
262:
254:
248:
247:
245:
243:
226:
220:
219:
203:
197:
196:
194:
192:
175:
139:British Columbia
1318:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1204:
1198:
1181:
1175:
1156:Solomon Islands
1094:
1091:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1043:
998:
899:Iraqi Kurdistan
836:
835:Other countries
830:
735:
729:
724:
716:
708:
698:
696:
686:
657:
449:
443:
437:
400:
395:
383:
379:
367:
363:
353:
351:
340:
339:
335:
325:
323:
314:
313:
309:
298:
294:
283:
279:
269:
265:
255:
251:
241:
239:
228:
227:
223:
205:
204:
200:
190:
188:
177:
176:
172:
168:
156:
114:
104:
102:
98:
81:Crimes Act 1961
69:
47:
12:
11:
5:
1316:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:Norfolk Island
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:American Samoa
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1182:of New Zealand
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
840:
838:
832:
831:
829:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
748:
745:
739:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:United Kingdom
719:
711:
702:
700:
699:legally abroad
692:
691:
688:
687:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
665:
663:
659:
658:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
632:
629:
624:
619:
614:
611:
608:
603:
600:
595:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
554:
549:
548:
547:
542:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
460:
458:
451:
445:
444:
438:
436:
435:
428:
421:
413:
407:
406:
399:
398:External links
396:
394:
393:
377:
361:
333:
307:
292:
277:
263:
249:
221:
198:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
155:
152:
113:
110:
68:
65:
46:
43:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1315:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:New Caledonia
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Easter Island
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:United States
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Côte d'Ivoire
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
839:
833:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
755:Guinea-Bissau
754:
752:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
738:
736:customary law
732:
723:
720:
715:
712:
707:
704:
703:
701:
695:Recognized if
693:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
667:
666:
664:
660:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
612:
609:
607:
604:
601:
599:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
555:
553:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
459:
455:
452:
446:
441:
434:
429:
427:
422:
420:
415:
414:
411:
405:
402:
401:
397:
391:
387:
381:
378:
375:
371:
365:
362:
350:
349:
344:
337:
334:
321:
317:
311:
308:
304:
303:
296:
293:
289:
288:
281:
278:
274:
273:
267:
264:
260:
259:
253:
250:
238:
237:
232:
225:
222:
217:
213:
209:
202:
199:
187:
186:
181:
174:
171:
165:
161:
158:
157:
153:
151:
148:
144:
140:
135:
131:
126:
123:
118:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
91:
89:
84:
82:
76:
74:
66:
64:
62:
58:
57:
52:
44:
42:
38:
36:
32:
28:
20:
16:
1203:Dependencies
1189:Cook Islands
1135:
1027:Non-monogamy
1007:Legal status
974:Turkmenistan
816:South Africa
811:Sierra Leone
747:Burkina Faso
713:
606:Saudi Arabia
385:
380:
372:23.08.2012:
369:
364:
352:. Retrieved
346:
336:
324:. Retrieved
310:
299:
295:
284:
280:
271:
266:
256:
252:
240:. Retrieved
234:
224:
215:
211:
201:
189:. Retrieved
183:
173:
142:
127:
119:
115:
106:
100:
94:
93:
85:
77:
70:
54:
48:
39:
35:civil unions
25:
15:
1136:New Zealand
837:and regions
714:New Zealand
627:South Sudan
464:Afghanistan
320:Stuff.co.nz
287:section 205
242:28 December
67:Legislation
1292:Categories
984:Uzbekistan
954:Tajikistan
909:Kyrgyzstan
904:Kazakhstan
791:Mozambique
580:Mauritania
532:The Gambia
479:Bangladesh
457:Nationwide
442:by country
370:Gaynz.Com:
354:24 October
326:24 October
191:24 October
166:References
137:cited the
122:Ruth Dyson
1106:Australia
1022:Polyandry
949:Sri Lanka
919:Mauritius
821:Swaziland
706:Australia
697:performed
677:Palestine
662:Statewide
613:Singapore
552:Indonesia
545:Polyandry
448:Performed
386:Bountiful
302:section 2
143:Bountiful
132:. When a
56:rangatira
1121:Kiribati
1017:Polygyny
1012:Polygamy
994:Malaysia
959:Thailand
929:Mongolia
879:Ethiopia
864:DR Congo
826:Zimbabwe
787:Malaysia
743:Botswana
631:Tanzania
598:Pakistan
575:Maldives
540:Polygyny
517:Djibouti
492:Cameroon
218:: 14–67.
154:See also
95:marriage
22:Polygyny
1272:Tokelau
1171:Vanuatu
989:Vietnam
964:Tunisia
874:Eritrea
854:Burundi
806:Nigeria
796:Namibia
773:Liberia
768:Lesotho
764:Lebanon
672:Nigeria
617:Somalia
610:Senegal
590:Myanmar
585:Morocco
507:Comoros
474:Bahrain
469:Algeria
450:legally
117:party.
61:customs
45:History
1247:Hawaii
1166:Tuvalu
1051:Sharia
969:Turkey
944:Rwanda
939:Russia
924:Mexico
894:Guinea
884:France
859:Canada
844:Angola
778:Malawi
761:Jordan
717:(1980)
709:(2008)
653:Zambia
638:Uganda
565:Kuwait
536:India
488:Brunei
484:Bhutan
31:bigamy
1161:Tonga
1151:Samoa
1141:Palau
1131:Nauru
889:Ghana
849:Benin
801:Niger
682:Syria
648:Yemen
622:Sudan
602:Qatar
570:Libya
560:Kenya
527:Gabon
522:Egypt
512:Congo
51:Māori
1242:Guam
1194:Niue
1116:Fiji
934:Niue
914:Laos
783:Mali
668:Iraq
634:Togo
594:Oman
556:Iran
497:Chad
356:2012
328:2012
244:2012
193:2012
643:UAE
502:CAR
1294::
345:.
318:.
233:.
216:36
214:.
210:.
182:.
1086:e
1079:t
1072:v
432:e
425:t
418:v
358:.
330:.
246:.
195:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
