Knowledge (XXG)

Polynesian Mythology (book)

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550:; each of the elder brothers has three hundred forty soldiers at their command but Hatupatu has none, so he makes a band of warriors out of roots and plants and dresses him in his cloaks. Hatupatu gives a number of speeches to his mock warriors, each in a different garb, to convey the impression of being a number of war chiefs. Hatupatu's brothers' men are driven back in disarray until Hatupatu breaks the enemy's will by striking down a chief in single combat, at which point his men are able to strike down their enemies and Hatupatu is able to find and kill Raumati. The warriors cook the bodies of their enemies and devour them, and they smoke their heads to preserve them. Hatupatu's father, impressed by Hatupatu's killing of Raumati, elevates him above his brothers. 515:
curse, curses Manaia in return, and builds a new canoe and sail to Hawaiki. Once there, the men cover themselves in blood from beating their own noses and pretend to be corpses as if the curse has been made true, and then wage war on Manaia's village. Manaia manages to escape the slaughter, and eventually brings a host of warriors to attack Ngātoro at his fortified village on the island Motiti in the Bay of Plenty. Ngātoro convinces Manaia and his warriors to anchor off the shore and to fight in the morning, and then calls for winds and storms.
17: 305:, their blind ancestor, counting taro roots. At first they trick her by taking the roots when she is not looking, but then Tāwhaki restores her sight to her, and she gives the brothers information about how they can ascend to the heavens by climbing hanging vines. Karihi tries first, but grabs a loose vine and very nearly dies, but Tāwhaki is able to climb a strong vine and reach the heavens. Once there, he disguises himself as an old slave and performs wonders until he reveals himself to his wife and daughter. 345:
happened, and while they want revenge, they know that a group of warriors arriving at Kae's village will be seen as a threat. Instead, a canoe of forty women go to Kae's village so as not to arouse suspicion. They have been told that they will recognise Kae by his overlapping teeth, so when they arrive they perform tricks to get everybody to laugh. Once they have found Kae, they perform enchantments to make everybody in Kae's village to sleep, and then they take Kae back to Tinirau, where he is slain.
815:, where he gains respect and is as a chief. His reputation spreads, and when a visiting party from his village visits Tukutuku, the unmarried daughter of a chiet, they carry back word that she is interested in Pāoa. Pāoa sets out to visit Tukutuku at her village, and though he is initially hesitant, Pāoa accepts Tukutuku's advances and they are wed. They journey through her lands, receiving gifts and admiration, and Tukutuku impresses Pāoa's people in his village. 736:; along the road, he finds a lot of mackerel on the side of the road, and determines from the small footprints that they were caught by fairies. That night he lies in wait for the fairies to return, and because he is of incredibly pale skin, he is able to join in with them in their fishing. Kāhukura delays them, and when the sun comes up and they can see that he is a man, they run away, leaving behind a net from which Kāhukura can learn their knotting patterns. 102:
things being equal, an informant who was born into the pre-contact culture, may be regarded as more reliable than one who knew the unaltered culture only by hearsay. Grey's informants or recorders were often people who had experienced life in a period relatively unaffected by European contact or who had access, in the persons of their fathers, or relatives of the father's generation, to informants who had lived in the pre-European situation."
672:, comes of age, he seeks out Hotunui in Hauraki. Upon arrival, Marutūāhu and his slave encounter the two daughters of Te Whatu, the chief of Hauraki, and the younger and prettier of the two claims him as her future husband. Hotunio is overjoyed to see his son and welcomes him with a feast. Marutūāhu ends up marrying the younger sister, and his younger brother Te Paka marries the older one. Marutūāhu has three children, from whom descend 487:, where Ruaeo has already arrived. Rua' pulls the Arawa ashore with the 140 men that came with him, and he reconnects with his wife. Whakaotirangi mentions Rua' to Tama, who starts beating her, so she leaves with Rua'. Rua' challenges Tama to a one-on-one fight and beats him, and departs with his men but not with Whakataotirangi. They continue to travel and name places after events that occurred there. 216:, was born prematurely and thrown into the sea wrapped in a tress of his mother's topknot; he is found by his ancestor Tama-nui-ki-te-Rangi, who nurses him to health. After introducing himself to his mother and brothers and living with them, he came to wonder where Taranga went to during the day. After investigating, he found that she disappeared into a cave, and so in the form of a 201:, the god of uncultivated food, took refuge hidden within Papa, so Tāwhirimātea could not find them. Finally, Tāwhirimātea fought against Tūmatauenga, but Tūmatauenga stood firm and resisted his brother. Tūmatauenga then turned against his brothers because they had not helped him, so he sought out the food from all of his brothers' domains. His children increased and were mankind. 498:, but struggles to reach the top through the snow, so he prays to the gods of Hawaiki to send fire to him and they turn the mountain into a volcano. Raumati hears that the Arawa is laid up at Maketu, and so goes with his men to burn it; though some consider maintaining peace, as it was war that drove them out of Hawaiki in the first place, they decide to wage war against Raumati. 695:, and Te Paka arranges for her to marry the son of the chief from Aotea. Te Kahureremoa refuses to go with the tribe; when the chief returns with additional gifts she still refuses. Te Kahureremoa instead runs away to Takakōpiri, a great young chief that she has heard of, and marries him. She gives birth to a daughter from whom descend the principle chiefs of 789:. Te Pongo, a young chief from Āwhitu visits Mount Eden, and is entranced by Puhihuia's dancing. He charms her with his dancing, and when they have an opportunity to talk they resolve to escape together. After a formal farewell, Puhihuia flees with Te Ponga and his men; her tribe attempts to pursue them but fails due to Te Ponga's sabotage of their canoes. 1200: 715:. Tāmure sets out by river with his daughter, and they manage to land without being seen. By having his daughter pretend to eat the food they are given and by reciting protective enchantments, Tāmure survives Kiki's enchantments and causes his death. Tāmure and his people escape by canoe, and deceive the villagers that pursue them. 281:, when they attack him and leave him for dead. Hinepiripiri finds him and saves him, and Tāwhaki departs with his family and warriors to build a fortified village atop a mountain. First, Tāwhaki gets revenge on those who attacked him by calling down floods of waters from the heavens. Next, Tāwhaki seeks revenge on the 468:, the wife of Ruaeo; Roa' changes the evening stars and morning stars in response. On the voyage, Tama sleeps with Kearoa, and in anger Ngātoro calls up a whirlpool, leading to the loss of many provisions and some people, before he takes mercy and calms the seas again. Eventually, the canoe arrives at 768:
tribe. The army of Ngāti Awa sieges the pā of Raumahora, but is not able to take it until the tribe starts to die of thirst. Rangirarunga appeals to Takarangi for water; Takarangi thinks that he would not like Raumahora to die of thirst, and so brings water. Raumahora likes the look of Takarangi, and
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Puarata and Tautōhito dwell on the Sacred Mount with an enchanted head that bewitched all that dared approach their fortress, though many tried. Hakawau resolves to conquer it, and in a trance forsees that he will be able to. On the journey to the Sacred Mount, he repeats incantations to protect him,
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During his time in Hauraki, Marutūāhu learns of the insult given to his father by another tribe who had refused to share their fish him. To get revenge, Marutūāhu spends months preparing fishing nets and eventually invites the offending tribe to a feast, under the pretense of stretching the nets. The
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Tūtānekai recognised Hinemoa by her voice, and took her back to his house to consummate their love. The next morning, the other residents of the village were amazed to find Hinemoa there and married to Tūtānekai. Tiki mourned at this, and so Tūtānekai suggested that his younger sister Tupa marry him.
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brothers Hānui, Hāroa, and Karika spend much time trapping birds, but never share the good food with him, so he steals into the storehouse and eats the preserved birds, covering his tracks by making enough trails and giving himself some light injuries and pretending a war party stole the birds. He is
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who have been using Wahieroa's bones to beat out incantations. Rātā learns the incantation and then slays the Ponaturi present and takes Wahieroa's bones. A thousand Ponaturi follow Rātā and his warriors back to their home and engage in a battle; at first 60 of the warriors are slain, but Rātā chants
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Māui takes food to his ancestor Muri-ranga-whenua, who recognises him as her descendant and gives him her jawbone by which he might work great enchantments. The first of these was to take his brothers and ensnare the sun so that it might move more slowly and give longer days. The next of these was to
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Additional critique grapples with ways in which George Grey himself interacted with the source material and contributors. Scholars note that Grey did not acknowledge in writing the contributions of any of the Māori sources that supplied him with manuscript pages (especially Te Rangikāheke), and that
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seaworthy and sacrifices his brother-in-law, who would not travel with him. Manaia's dog smells land and jumps off the canoe, swimming to Aotea, where the tribe finds the carcass of a whale. Conflict between the first canoes to arrive leads Manaia to travel throughout the island, eventually settling
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has the men of the tribe of Tupenu come make spears for him while he goes fishing to feed them. While he is gone, the workmen assault his wife, Rongotiki, which Manaia discovers through the omen of catching a fish by its tail. Manaia seeks revenge by tricking the workmen into making spears too heavy
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In an alternative, different version of the legend of the death of Tūwhakararo, Whakatau is approached for help by Hine-i-te-iwaiwa. He takes six warriors and goes to avenge Tūwhakararo, which he does by first goading the best warriors of the enemy to attack him and kills them one by one and then by
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and understanding the references and allusions made in writings. Grey writes that he felt that translators were not able to adequately explain the context of allusions in written communications and that the additional delays to speaking meant that conversation was inevitably condensed in a way that
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was a well established firm and footed the production costs in exchange for half the profit. The book was aimed at a Victorian audience, with illustrations included and source material excised for reasons of length, repetitive theme, and so as not to offend that audience; modern scholarship of the
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The canoe Aotea was carrying much important cargo, including some dogs. When the canoe starts to take on water, the crew stop at a small island in the middle of the ocean and refit the canoes; they also kill one of the dogs for good and the other one as a sacrifice, and in so doing remove all ill
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Hatupatu returns home to his parents, who shelter him in their storage cave and give him the best food. His brothers notice their food is getting worse, and so when they find Hatupatu again they try to kill him once more. Their father tells them to direct their anger better, and to get revenge on
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saying that if she does so again, he would serve the flesh of her brother the same way. Kuiwai sends her daughter to New Zealand to warn Ngātoro before the winds can bring the curse to him; her daughter and her companions make their way to New Zealand and find Ngātoro, who cleanses himself of the
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The way in which Grey compiled different versions of myths from different sources created a "patchwork which does not truly represent the traditions of any particular region." Nonetheless, the versions compiled can be considered reliable as "a wide range of tribal areas is represented" and "other
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Later, Pāoa, now old, wishes to visit his other children. Despite warnings from his youngest son Horowhenua, he goes and is detained by his first two sons. Horowhenua leads a rescue mission, resulting in a fierce battle; he kills his half-brothers, Toawhena and Toapoto, and brings Pāoa back to
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to his village to perform enchantments for his newborn son Tūhuruhuru. Kae arranges to be taken home on Tinirau's pet whale Tutunui, and once he reaches his village, he kills Tutunui and his village butcher and eat it. Tinirau and his wife smell the cooking whale over the sea and know what has
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To prevent her from going to Tūtānekai, Hinemoa's friends removed all the canoes from the shore of the lake, and so Hinemoa decided to swim across the lake. She used six large gourds as flotation devices and set off under the cover of darkness, guided only by the sound of Tūtānekai's music.
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fruit from his village as retaliation. When the villagers discover that their pōporo trees no longer have fruit on them, they lie in wait to find the people stealing from them; Tamatekapua manages to escape, but Whakatūria is caught and hung up in the longhouse to slowly die from the smoke.
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that includes a 96-page supplement, 18-page index, 2 pages of errata, and a preface), and Grey gave several copies to close associates before sailing to England at the end of 1853. In London, he had an expanded version of the Māori-language manuscript, including additional legends from Te
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Some stories, such as the legend of Hatupatu, are considered to be the sole work of Te Rangikāheke; the legend of Hinemoa consists of Te Rangikāheke's work interwoven with portions of the version of that story that Grey obtained directly from the inhabitants of
329:. Rupe arrives in the form of a pigeon just as Hinauri is about to give birth, and he takes her and her baby up to the heavens with him, but as they fly the placenta is accidentally dropped and eaten by a shark. Rupe and Hinauri live with Rehua in the heavens. 575:
had previously explored large parts of New Zealand, so when he hears Turi dragging his canoe and finds that he is intending to flee, he gives him advice about getting to New Zealand. Turi tricks his brother in law Tuau into coming with him on his canoe.
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Tamatekapua visits his brother and at his suggestion, Whakatūria is able to escape by insulting the dancing of his captors and asking to demonstrate better dances. The war continues and Houmaitawhiti and Whakatūria are killed, but Tamatekapua survives.
808:, remarries, and has children. He leaves his new wife for a slave, who he makes his slave wife, and his old slave returns to the principal wife and is prosperous with her. Pāoa is ashamed by his inability to provide for guests, and so departs again. 635:, admired for her beauty and noble birth, was the daughter of Umukaria, a chief of the Ngāti Unui-kara-hapu tribe. Tūtānekai, although born from an affair between Rangiuru and Tūwharetoa, was raised as Whakaue’s son alongside his half-siblings. 538:
who spears birds with nothing but her lips and who eats nothing but raw food. He steals her riches and runs away with Kurangaituku in pursuit; he escapes when he jumps over the hot springs at Rotorua and she wades through them and is burned.
262:, the goddess of the night and of death, by climbing up through her womb and out through her mouth. Māui brought with him some birds as companions and instructed them not to laugh until he was almost out of her mouth, but the 300:
comes down from the heavens to see Tāwhaki and sleep with him; Tangotango bears him a daughter, but is offended by Tāwhaki and so returns to the heavens. Tāwhaki and Karihi set off for the heavens to find them again and find
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successful in this for a time, until his brothers suspect him and lie in wait to catch him, whereupon they kill him. Their parents, suspecting Hatupatu's brothers of killing him, send a spirit to find him and resurrect him.
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was working closely with him and teaching him Te Reo Māori. Te Rangikāheke compiled manuscripts about most aspects of Māori culture, including about myths and tribal history; these formed the basis for at least a quarter of
385:, who killed his father and who rises from the earth every new moon. Rātā waits for the new moon and is able to kill Matuku as he washes his hair but is told that he will need to seek elsewhere to find Wahieroa's bones. 2714: 408:, who is born when the god Rongotakawiu shapes Apakura's discarded apron into life. Whakatau is born in the sea, but eventually Apakura catches him flying a kite on the seashore, and Whakatau comes to live on land. 357:
and Mairatea. After her marriage, Tūwhakararo goes to visit Mairatea at the Āti Hāpai; a young woman there takes a liking to him, which angers the man she has been courting, and so Tūwhakararo is killed and eaten.
644:, from a balcony on Mokoia Island, and the sweet sounds of their instruments would reach Hinemoa across the waters of Lake Rotorua. Hinemoa and Tūtānekai secretly planned for Hinemoa to join him on the island. 320:
turned her husband into a dog, washes ashore at Wairarawa and is found by two brothers. Māuimua, also called Rupe, was unable to find her, so he journeyed to the tenth heaven and consulted with his ancestor
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and a political ally of Grey, was involved in the initial typesetting of manuscript pages in early 1851. By September of 1853, printing was complete of a 432-page Māori-language manuscript bearing the name
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About the time that Te Rangikāheke joined Grey's household in 1848, Grey's collection of manuscripts was destroyed by a fire; this was one factor that made him decide to put his Māori texts into print.
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and he sends forth the spirits under his control to destroy the evil spirits of the fortress. Once in the fortress, he uses his sorcery to destroy all who resided within, including the sorcerer there.
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took him into the water to be baptized, but Makeatutara in his haste skipped over a portion of the blessings, which he knew would mean that the gods would be sure to punish by causing Māui to die.
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wrote that the work "holds a place comparable to that of Malory’s ‘Morte d’Arthur’ in English literature. Sir George Grey is the Caxton to whom we owe gratitude for preserving this masterpiece.”
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holds a large ceremony to remove tapu; his wife Kuiwai does not heat her oven hot enough and the food for after the ceremony is undercooked. Manaia beats Kuiwai for that, and curses her brother
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Rātā at first struggles to carve a canoe as spirits repair and regrow the tree he has felled to do so, but eventually the spirits help him and he takes 140 warriors with him to seek out the
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has been described as "one of the earliest published collections of Maori traditional material ... also the most authoritative" and "an achievement unparalleled in Polynesian literature."
449:, and returns to Hawaiki to bring news of that. In Hawaiki there is much war, so a group of people choose to leave, and a group of large canoes are constructed to make the voyage. 583:
The tribe loses one boat, when Potoru is convinced that he should sail west rather than east. Turi has a child born during the voyage. Eventually, they reach New Zealand at the
178:, the god of winds and storms, but the brothers were not able to do so until finally Tānemahuta placed his head in the earth and his feet against the sky and stood up. 239:
to collect more. After extinguishing all bar one of her flaming fingernails, Mahuika grew angry at Māui and sent fire after him to destroy him, but Māui called out to
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Uenuku witnesses a dog owned by Houmaitawhiti and his sons Tamatekapua and Whakatūria eating a discarded bandage of his; in retaliation, Uenuku eats the dog. When
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nearly thousand men, occupied with the task, are trapped in the nets and slaughtered by Marutūāhu and 140 men in an event known as "the feast of rotten wood."
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block up the windows to their house so that the Ponaturi will be tricked into staying above the sea after dawn, at which point the sun's rays can destroy them.
232:; although he told his brothers not to cut into it until he had appeased the gods, they did, so the fish thrashed around and created the mountainous geography. 3651: 1231: 2520: 569:, Turi's wife, hears Uenuku singing in his house and ascertains that he intends to kill Turi, and so he gets a canoe named Aotea from his father in law. 834:
was well received by the European public, with Grey receiving many letters of praise. In particular, the story of Hinemoa was popular enough to inspire
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Hinemoa and Tūtānekai fell in love during tribal gatherings, although her family forbade her from marrying. Tūtānekai often played music with Tiki, his
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In a preface to the book, George Grey writes that he felt he was unable to effectively communicate with Māori leaders and petitioners without speaking
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reported that Te Rangikāheke "had never been educated as a priest, and consequently many old men of the Arawa tribe will tell you that his work is a
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with his dogs when his hunting party is set on by a troop of fairies. To attempt to amuse and please the fairies to save his life, he takes off his
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jewelry, and the fairies take similitudes of them and leave the people alone. In the morning, the hunting party leaves as soon as they are able.
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Māui returned to the land of his father, where he is told that because he was baptised incorrectly, he will die. Māui set out to defeat
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hears of this and takes warriors to get revenge, which he is able to do by disguising himself with charcoal and cutting his hair.
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When news of the ambush spreads, Manaia's tribe starts to come under attack, so he decides to seek a new land. He makes the canoe
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could not help but laugh, and so Hinenuitepō woke up, closed her legs together, and killed Māui. As a result, humans are mortal.
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Te Paka's daughter, Te Kahureremoa, reaches age for marriage at about the same time that a large party of visitors arrives from
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Exhausted, she reached a hot spring on Mokoia Island, where she disguised herself and broke calabashes to draw out Tūtānekai.
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tribe, goes on a journey after his wife leaves following a quarrel, but is unable to find her. He eventually settles in
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Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand Race as Furnished by Their Priests and Chiefs
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Wanting to know where fire came from, Māui put out all the fires in the village so he would be sent to
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of great power and killing ability; word of his skill reaches Tāmure, another skilled sorcerer from
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and Whakatūria come looking for the dog, they hear it barking from within Uenuku, so they steal
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haul up a great fish from the depths of the sea with his enchanted fish-hook which became the
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he made changes to those manuscripts that were not authentic to the tradition of the myths.
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discusses the difficulties of constructing a single authentic version of the myths.
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The Story of Marutūāhu, the Son of Hotunui, and of Kahureremoa, the Daughter of Paka
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legend of Hinemoa and Tutānekai look at the relationship between Tutānekai and his
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Rangikāheke's manuscripts, printed and bound by Remnant and Edmonds under the name
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While Grey's earlier publications had been smaller, the English translation of
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who was slain shortly after Rātā's birth. Rātā finds a man who tells him of
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In revenge for these actions, Tāwhirimātea waged war against his brothers.
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Legend of the Emigration of Manaia, the Progenitor of the Ngāti Awa Tribes
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was a considerably larger publication and a commercial venture. Publisher
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son, and so Turi gets revenge by doing the same to Uenuku. One evening,
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hearkens to the calls, and the host of Manaia are destroyed overnight.
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Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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Coleridge, Kathleen. "Governor George Grey publishes Maori poetry."
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realises that his canoe, the Arawa, has no priest aboard, so tricks
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and turns him into the first dog. Distraught with grief, his sister
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is an 1855 collection of Māori mythology compiled and translated by
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the incantation he learned and the warriors are returned to life.
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tribe whose beauty was known to Takarangi, son of a chief of the
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and his wife Kearoa aboard and sets sail. Tama also steals away
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List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
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Bulletin (Bibliographical Society of Australia and New Zealand)
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Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
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https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/ielapa.200700063
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on the way back from fishing with the brothers of his wife,
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Raumahora is the daughter of Rangirarunga, a chief of the
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sneaking into the house and collapsing it upon everybody.
185:, the god of the ocean, fled to the sea, but his children 957:"The Sources of Sir George Grey's Nga Mahi a Nagi Tupuna" 793:
The History of Pāoa, the Ancestor of the Ngāti Pāoa Tribe
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The Art of Netting Learned by Kāhukura from the Fairies
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to effectively use and slaughtering them in an ambush.
900:(2nd ed.). London: John Murry, Albermarle Street. 396:
Rātā takes Tongarautawhiri as a wife and their son is
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who had killed his father and imprisoned his mother,
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"George Grey, 1812 – 1898". 850:, and New Zealand's first feature film in 1914. 777:Puhihuia is the chief's daughter in what is now 811:Pāoa settles in the village Mirimirirau on the 773:Stratagem of Puhihuia’s Elopement with Te Ponga 57:) originally published in New Zealand in 1853. 3174: 2912: 2245: 1995: 1225: 1091: 740:Te Kanawa’s Adventure with a Troop of Fairies 472:and discovers the coast full of red-flowered 377:, sets out to avenge the death of his father 55:The Traditional Chants and Songs of the Māori 8: 122:Ko nga moteatea, me nga hakirara o nga Maori 51:Ko ngā mōteatea, me ngā hakirara o ngā Māori 913:"Wiremu Maihi Te Rangikāheke, c. 1815–1896" 476:and that they have landed near the Tainui. 316:, having thrown herself into the sea after 3181: 3167: 3159: 2919: 2905: 2897: 2252: 2238: 2230: 2002: 1988: 1980: 1973: 1232: 1218: 1210: 1098: 1084: 1076: 416:The Legend of Toitehuatahi and Tamatekapua 296:Having heard of his deeds and his beauty, 41:. The English edition is a translation of 3399:Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements 769:takes him for a husband, ending the war. 479:The Tainui makes it to the small port of 441:by Hine-tū-a-hōanga and finds the island 20:Title page of Polynesian Mythology (1855) 353:Tūhuruhuru has many children, including 917:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 888: 523:The Legend of Hatupatu and His Brothers 70:made it harder to connect with people. 333:The Legend of Kae’s Theft of the Whale 1387:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei) 1036:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 961:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 707:Kiki is a sorcerer that lives on the 73:By 1849, a Māori tribal leader named 7: 3127:For other topics including Oceanian 1520:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands 1170:Tahiti and Society Islands mythology 1025: 1023: 1003: 1001: 984: 982: 950: 948: 946: 944: 942: 756:The Loves of Takarangi and Raumahora 197:, the god of cultivated plants, and 819:safety. Pāoa's descendants are the 534:Hatupatu is taken by a woman named 37:, with significant assistance from 3198:Indigenous people of New Zealand ( 2466:Austral Islands (French Polynesia) 543:Raumati for destroying the Arawa. 14: 433:The Legend of Poutini and Whaiapu 131:Ko Nga Mahinga a Nga Tupuna Maori 43:Ko ngā mahinga a ngā tūpuna Māori 3682:Influence on New Zealand English 1920:World Invitational Hula Festival 1198: 591:, and form the ancestors of the 554:Legend of the Emigration of Turi 158:The Children of Heaven and Earth 61:Compilation from primary sources 1440:Australian Aboriginal astronomy 35:Governor-General of New Zealand 3369:Minister for Māori Development 2947:Federated States of Micronesia 2830:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi) 2521:Federated States of Micronesia 2280:Federated States of Micronesia 2030:Federated States of Micronesia 1525:Federated States of Micronesia 911:Curnow, Jenifer (2008-06-07). 490:Īhenga claims the land around 445:; he finds that it is full of 404:as a wife, and their child is 189:, the father of reptiles, and 1: 1241:Culture of indigenous Oceania 255:throws herself into the sea. 115:, then the proprietor of the 3239:United Tribes of New Zealand 2669:Oceanian legendary creatures 494:by trickery. Ngātoro climbs 483:, and the Arawa makes it to 3149:Category:Culture of Oceania 3764: 3687:Language immersion schools 2751:Chatham Islander (Moriori 1649:Weriyeng navigation school 47:The Deeds of the Ancestors 3692:Māori Language Commission 3196: 3125: 1493:traditions and ceremonies 1247: 1196: 453:The Voyage to New Zealand 349:The Legend of Tūwhakararo 3098:Northern Mariana Islands 2553:Northern Mariana Islands 2431:Northern Mariana Islands 2181:Northern Mariana Islands 1952:Festival of Pacific Arts 3063:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2396:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2146:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1915:Merrie Monarch Festival 1030:Skinner, H. D. (1950). 955:Simmons, David (1966). 925:10.26686/knznq.v7i2.658 863:Scholarly critiques of 719:The Magical Wooden Head 149:Tiki in a queer light. 126:Auckland Public Library 96:Hēnare Mātene Te Whiwhi 3702:Te Wiki o te Reo Māori 3697:Māori language revival 3266:Māori protest movement 3217:Māori migration canoes 2875:Torres Strait Islander 2261:Literature of Oceania 1617:Micronesian Navigation 1123:Cook Islands mythology 580:luck from the canoes. 546:The brothers head for 437:Ngāhoe is driven from 162:Originally, there was 124:(a copy exists in the 21: 3633:Representative teams 3041:and other territories 2845:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i) 2731:Indigenous Australian 2629:Australian Aboriginal 2374:and other territories 2124:and other territories 2011:Languages of Oceania 1612:Polynesian Navigation 1592:Torres Strait Islands 896:Grey, George (1855). 744:Te Kanawa is hunting 270:The Legend of Tāwhaki 117:New Zealand Spectator 19: 2928:Religion in Oceania 2860:Taiwanese aborigines 2214:Languages of Oceania 1140:Mangarevan mythology 1107:Polynesian mythology 1066:Polynesian Mythology 898:Polynesian Mythology 865:Polynesian Mythology 854:Polynesian Mythology 844:Nicholas Chevalier's 832:Polynesian Mythology 628:The Story of Hinemoa 620:at the mouth of the 400:. Tūwhakararo takes 340:brings the magician 138:Polynesian Mythology 80:Polynesian Mythology 3404:Tino rangatiratanga 3384:Māori King movement 3133:indigenous currency 1412:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony 1150:Marquesan mythology 1115:Mythology by region 992:28.4 (2004): 5-19. 660:Hotunui arrives in 502:The Curse of Manaia 245:Whaitiri-mātakataka 106:Publication history 3459:Polynesian culture 3447:Ghosts and spirits 3261:Land confiscations 3244:Treaty of Waitangi 1728:Polynesian sailing 1190:Tuvaluan mythology 1175:Tikopian mythology 1160:Rapa Nui mythology 1135:Hawaiian mythology 1128:Mangaian mythology 373:, the grandson of 366:The Legend of Rātā 309:The Legend of Rupe 205:The Legend of Māui 22: 3720: 3719: 3379:Māori electorates 3156: 3155: 3121: 3120: 3113:Wallis and Futuna 3058:Clipperton Island 3016:Associated states 2613:Wallis and Futuna 2454: 2453: 2446:Wallis and Futuna 2391:Clipperton Island 2349:Associated states 2220: 2219: 2204: 2203: 2196:Wallis and Futuna 2141:Clipperton Island 2099:Associated states 1947:Pacific Community 1935:Pasifika Festival 1668:Aboriginal dugout 1607:Wallis and Futuna 1207: 1206: 1185:Tuamotu mythology 1155:Moriori mythology 858:Katharine Luomala 840:Ranolf and Amohia 703:The Two Sorcerers 94:story, came from 3755: 3707:Māori Television 3249:New Zealand Wars 3183: 3176: 3169: 3160: 3103:Pitcairn Islands 3073:French Polynesia 3053:Christmas Island 2982:Papua New Guinea 2962:Marshall Islands 2935:Sovereign states 2921: 2914: 2907: 2898: 2815:Norfolk Islander 2760:Fijian (iTaukei) 2563:Papua New Guinea 2436:Pitcairn Islands 2406:French Polynesia 2386:Christmas Island 2315:Papua New Guinea 2295:Marshall Islands 2268:Sovereign states 2254: 2247: 2240: 2231: 2186:Pitcairn Islands 2156:French Polynesia 2136:Christmas Island 2065:Papua New Guinea 2045:Marshall Islands 2018:Sovereign states 2004: 1997: 1990: 1981: 1974: 1959:Papua New Guinea 1622:Marshall Islands 1572:Pitcairn Islands 1567:Papua New Guinea 1507:Lomilomi massage 1453:Caroline 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2943: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2531:New Caledonia 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2486:Easter Island 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2421:New Caledonia 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2401:Easter Island 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2171:New Caledonia 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2151:Easter Island 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1688:Dugout (boat) 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535:New Caledonia 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1475:Easter Island 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1426:Geo-specific, 1424: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1375:Broad culture 1373: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1246: 1242: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1201: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1004: 1002: 998: 995: 991: 985: 983: 979: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 951: 949: 947: 945: 943: 939: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 907: 904: 899: 892: 889: 882: 880: 876: 874: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 826: 824: 822: 816: 814: 809: 807: 803: 799: 792: 790: 788: 784: 780: 772: 770: 767: 763: 755: 753: 751: 747: 739: 737: 735: 727: 725: 718: 716: 714: 710: 709:Waikato River 702: 700: 698: 694: 689: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 655: 653: 649: 645: 643: 642: 641:hoa takatāpui 636: 634: 627: 625: 623: 622:Waitara River 618: 613: 610: 602: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 585:Aotea Harbour 581: 577: 574: 570: 568: 564: 560: 553: 551: 549: 544: 540: 537: 532: 529: 522: 520: 518: 513: 512:Ngātoroirangi 509: 501: 499: 497: 493: 488: 486: 482: 477: 475: 471: 467: 466:Whakaotirangi 463: 462:Ngātoroirangi 459: 452: 450: 448: 444: 440: 432: 430: 427: 423: 415: 413: 409: 407: 403: 399: 394: 391: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 365: 363: 361: 356: 348: 346: 343: 339: 332: 330: 328: 324: 319: 315: 308: 306: 304: 299: 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 269: 267: 265: 264:water wagtail 261: 256: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 233: 231: 225: 223: 219: 215: 212:, the son of 211: 204: 202: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 157: 152: 150: 148: 143: 139: 134: 132: 127: 123: 118: 114: 113:Robert Stokes 105: 103: 99: 97: 93: 89: 88:Mokoia Island 83: 81: 76: 71: 68: 60: 58: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 28: 27: 18: 3659:Sportspeople 3642:Rugby league 3579:Conservation 3561:Wood carving 3284:Conservation 3039:Dependencies 3025:Cook Islands 2736:Austronesian 2481:Cook Islands 2372:Dependencies 2358:Cook Islands 2122:Dependencies 2108:Cook Islands 1931:New Zealand 1786:fire dancing 1647: 1640: 1626: 1505: 1491: 1484: 1470:Cook Islands 1456: 1417:Wood carving 1392:Kava culture 1279:Cook Islands 1064: 1042:(1): 93–95. 1039: 1035: 1013: 1009: 989: 964: 960: 916: 906: 897: 891: 877: 872: 864: 862: 853: 852: 847: 839: 831: 830: 817: 810: 796: 776: 759: 743: 731: 722: 706: 690: 686: 674:Ngāti Rongoū 659: 650: 646: 640: 637: 631: 614: 607:In Hawaiki, 606: 582: 578: 571: 557: 545: 541: 536:Kurangaituku 533: 526: 517:Tāwhirimātea 506:In Hawaiki, 505: 492:Lake Rotorua 489: 478: 470:Whangaparāoa 456: 436: 419: 410: 395: 387: 369: 352: 336: 312: 295: 279:Hinepiripiri 273: 257: 241:Tāwhirimātea 234: 230:North Island 226: 208: 187:Tūtewehiwehi 180: 176:Tāwhirimātea 161: 137: 135: 130: 121: 116: 109: 100: 84: 79: 72: 67:Te Reo Māori 64: 54: 50: 46: 42: 25: 24: 23: 3647:Rugby union 3534:Instruments 3234:Musket Wars 2972:New Zealand 2805:Micronesian 2795:Marshallese 2664:Micronesian 2536:New Zealand 2476:Austronesia 2305:New Zealand 2209:by category 2055:New Zealand 1940:Te Matatini 1791:firewalking 1540:New Zealand 1486:Lau Islands 1448:Austronesia 1316:nguzu nguzu 1304:New Zealand 1274:Austronesia 1016:(2): 19–26. 869:Percy Smith 813:Piako River 734:Rangiaowhia 458:Tamatekapua 422:Tamatekapua 398:Tūwhakararo 355:Tūwhakararo 260:Hinenuitepō 222:Makeatutara 195:Rongomātāne 168:Tūmatauenga 142:John Murray 3727:Categories 3596:Navigation 3479:Taha Māori 2825:Polynesian 2800:Melanesian 2741:Sama-Bajau 2674:Polynesian 2654:Melanesian 2639:Mangarevan 2516:Micronesia 2226:Literature 1896:Australia 1642:navigation 883:References 821:Ngāti Pāoa 779:Mount Eden 697:Ngāti Pāoa 597:Ngāti Manu 587:, move to 567:Rongorongo 528:Hatupatu's 474:pōhutukawa 303:Matakerepō 298:Tangotango 172:Tānemahuta 3629:Mau rākau 3619:Kī-o-rahi 3551:Tattooing 3512:Kapa haka 3494:Whakapapa 3437:Mythology 3292:Australia 3288:Diaspora 2942:Australia 2865:Tokelauan 2694:Vanuatuan 2622:Mythology 2578:Slit drum 2568:Polynesia 2511:Melanesia 2471:Australia 2275:Australia 2025:Australia 1969:Languages 1890:Festivals 1816:kapa haka 1713:Outrigger 1435:Australia 1407:Polynesia 1382:areca nut 1269:Australia 1048:0032-4000 973:0032-4000 933:1174-6955 846:painting 800:, of the 766:Ngāti Awa 670:Marutūāhu 593:Whanganui 147:Takatāpui 3674:Language 3664:Waka ama 3584:Kaitiaki 3556:Textiles 3464:Religion 3427:Funerals 3356:Politics 3336:Religion 3200:Aotearoa 3141:folklore 2957:Kiribati 2894:Religion 2880:Visayans 2855:Tahitian 2835:Rapa Nui 2765:Hawaiian 2746:Chamorro 2703:Research 2689:Tuvaluan 2679:Rapa Nui 2659:Menehune 2501:Kiribati 2290:Kiribati 2040:Kiribati 1906:Hawaiʻi 1881:'upa'upa 1821:Kiribati 1771:ʻAparima 1693:Hōkūleʻa 1515:Kiribati 1366:tivaevae 1346:taʻovala 1294:magimagi 762:Taranaki 617:Tokomaru 599:tribes. 443:Aotearoa 406:Whakatau 390:Ponaturi 379:Wahieroa 287:Urutonga 283:Ponaturi 183:Tangaroa 3637:Cricket 3624:Tapu ae 3571:Science 3546:Pounamu 3442:Deities 3422:Cuisine 3414:Culture 3276:Society 3229:Moriori 3209:History 3145:cuisine 3108:Tokelau 3007:Vanuatu 2850:Tagalog 2840:Rotuman 2810:Negrito 2780:Ivatans 2770:Ilocano 2755:Rekohu) 2608:Vanuatu 2593:Tokelau 2441:Tokelau 2340:Vanuatu 2191:Tokelau 2090:Vanuatu 1977:by area 1866:tautoga 1801:hivinau 1703:Karakoa 1602:Vanuatu 1428:general 1336:tā moko 1331:reimiro 1321:Oceania 873:pokanoa 848:Hinemoa 823:tribe. 806:Waikato 787:Waikato 750:pounamu 664:on the 633:Hinemoa 447:Pounamu 439:Hawaiki 402:Apakura 375:Tāwhaki 338:Tinirau 327:Tinirau 314:Hinauri 275:Tāwhaki 253:Hinauri 249:Irawaru 237:Mahuika 214:Taranga 191:Ikatere 33:, then 3541:Poetry 3346:Whānau 3309:Hauora 3254:Kūpapa 3147:, see 3129:cinema 3083:Hawaii 3002:Tuvalu 2870:Tongan 2820:Papuan 2775:Igorot 2724:People 2684:Samoan 2634:Fijian 2603:Tuvalu 2588:Tahiti 2416:Hawaii 2335:Tuvalu 2166:Hawaii 2085:Tuvalu 1876:Tuvalu 1861:tāmūrē 1856:Tahiti 1846:Rotuma 1836:pa'o'a 1831:'ote'a 1811:kailao 1678:Bangka 1661:Canoes 1597:Tuvalu 1397:Lapita 1356:tattoo 1046:  1010:Kōtare 971:  931:  838:novel 783:Āwhitu 713:Kāwhia 680:, and 666:Tainui 662:Kāwhia 609:Manaia 563:Turi's 559:Uenuku 548:Maketu 508:Manaia 485:Maketu 481:Kawhia 426:pōporo 291:Karihi 218:pigeon 3606:Sport 3589:Rāhui 3529:Music 3324:Marae 3190:Māori 3137:dress 2997:Tonga 2987:Samoa 2977:Palau 2967:Nauru 2790:Māori 2785:Lumad 2649:Māori 2644:Maohi 2598:Tonga 2573:Sāmoa 2558:Palau 2541:Māori 2526:Nauru 2459:Music 2330:Tonga 2320:Samoa 2310:Palau 2300:Nauru 2080:Tonga 2070:Samoa 2060:Palau 2050:Nauru 1871:Tonga 1764:Dance 1755:Walap 1738:Vinta 1723:Paraw 1587:Tonga 1577:Sāmoa 1562:Palau 1545:Māori 1530:Nauru 1402:Māori 1361:tēfui 1351:tapa 1341:tabua 1309:Māori 693:Aotea 589:Pātea 323:Rehua 3517:Haka 3504:Arts 3489:Taua 3474:Tapu 3432:Mana 3314:Hapū 3222:waka 3143:and 3078:Guam 3030:Niue 2952:Fiji 2885:Yami 2548:Niue 2506:Lali 2496:Guam 2491:Fiji 2411:Guam 2363:Niue 2285:Fiji 2161:Guam 2113:Niue 2035:Fiji 1927:Fiji 1851:siva 1826:meke 1806:hula 1796:haka 1781:fara 1776:cibi 1748:list 1743:Waka 1733:Proa 1698:Kaep 1683:Drua 1552:Niue 1501:Guam 1480:Fiji 1299:moai 1044:ISSN 969:ISSN 929:ISSN 798:Pāoa 785:and 746:kiwi 595:and 573:Kupe 371:Rātā 318:Māui 243:and 210:Māui 92:Māui 3522:Poi 3319:Iwi 1841:poi 1636:Yap 1459:Pwo 1289:Lei 1264:Ahu 1256:Art 1069:at 921:doi 342:Kae 3729:: 3329:pā 3139:, 3135:, 3131:, 2753:or 1455:, 1040:59 1038:. 1034:. 1022:^ 1012:. 1000:^ 981:^ 965:75 963:. 959:. 941:^ 927:. 919:. 915:. 842:, 699:. 684:. 676:, 624:. 133:. 3202:) 3182:e 3175:t 3168:v 3151:. 2920:e 2913:t 2906:v 2253:e 2246:t 2239:v 2003:e 1996:t 1989:v 1457:- 1442:) 1233:e 1226:t 1219:v 1099:e 1092:t 1085:v 1050:. 1014:7 975:. 935:. 923:: 53:( 45:(

Index


Sir George Grey
Governor-General of New Zealand
Te Rangikāheke
Te Reo Māori
Te Rangikāheke
Mokoia Island
Māui
Hēnare Mātene Te Whiwhi
Robert Stokes
Auckland Public Library
John Murray
Takatāpui
Rangi and Papa
Tūmatauenga
Tānemahuta
Tāwhirimātea
Tangaroa
Tūtewehiwehi
Ikatere
Rongomātāne
Haumia-tikitiki
Māui
Taranga
pigeon
Makeatutara
North Island
Mahuika
Tāwhirimātea
Whaitiri-mātakataka

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