Polyomaviridae - Knowledge (XXG)

318: 1496:. The reactivation of polyomavirus in the kidneys and urinary tract causes the shedding of infected cells, virions, and/or viral proteins in the urine. This allows urine cytology to examine these cells, which if there is polyomavirus inclusion of the nucleus, is diagnostic of infection. Also as the urine of an infected individual will contain virions and/or viral DNA, quantitation of the viral load can be done through PCR. This is also true for the blood. 58: 390: 251: 33: 526:, present oncogenic potential. Several mechanisms have been described for regulating the transition from early to late gene expression, including the involvement of the LT protein in repressing the early promoter, the expression of un-terminated late mRNAs with extensions complementary to early mRNA, and the expression of regulatory 1503:

Tissue staining using a monoclonal antibody against MCV T antigen shows utility in differentiating Merkel cell carcinoma from other small, round cell tumors. Blood tests to detect MCV antibodies have been developed and show that infection with the virus is widespread although Merkel cell carcinoma

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Renal biopsy can also be used if the two methods just described are inconclusive or if the specific viral load for the renal tissue is desired. Similarly to the urine cytology, the renal cells are examined under light microscopy for polyomavirus inclusion of the nucleus, as well as cell lysis and

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The diagnosis of polyomavirus almost always occurs after the primary infection as it is either asymptomatic or sub-clinical. Antibody assays are commonly used to detect presence of antibodies against individual viruses. Competition assays are frequently needed to distinguish among highly similar

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Description of additional viruses is ongoing. These include the sea otter polyomavirus 1 and Alpaca polyomavirus Another virus is the giant panda polyomavirus 1. Another virus has been described from sigmodontine rodents. Another - tree shrew polyomavirus 1 - has been described in the tree shrew.

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plays a key role in regulating the viral life cycle by binding to the viral origin of DNA replication where it promotes DNA synthesis. Also as the polyomavirus relies on the host cell machinery to replicate the host cell needs to be in s-phase for this to begin. Due to this, large T-antigen also

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The details of transit to the nucleus are not clear and may vary among individual polyomaviruses. It has been frequently reported that an intact, albeit distorted, virion particle is released from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cell cytoplasm, where the genome is released from the capsid,

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LT does not. LT induces DNA replication from the viral genome's non-coding control region (NCCR), after which expression of the early mRNA is reduced and expression of the late mRNA, which encodes the viral capsid proteins, begins. As these interactions begin, the LTs belonging to several

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All the polyomaviruses are highly common childhood and young adult infections. Most of these infections appear to cause little or no symptoms. These viruses are probably lifelong persistent among almost all adults. Diseases caused by human polyomavirus infections are most common among

568:(pRB) family, and stimulating cell growth pathways by binding cellular DNA, ATPase-helicase, DNA polymerase α association, and binding of transcription preinitiation complex factors. This abnormal stimulation of the cell cycle is a powerful force for oncogenic transformation. 1387:

contains only the four human viruses shown in the above table. The Alpha and Beta groups contain viruses that infect a variety of mammals. The Gamma group contains the avian viruses. Clinically significant disease associations are shown only where causality is expected.

1548:, after whom it was once called "SE polyoma". The term "polyoma" refers to the viruses' ability to produce multiple (poly-) tumors (-oma) under certain conditions. The name has been criticized as a "meatless linguistic sandwich" ("meatless" because both 1483:

In cases of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML), a cross-reactive antibody to SV40 T antigen (commonly Pab419) is used to stain tissues directly for the presence of JC virus T antigen. PCR can be used on a biopsy of the tissue or

404:, many water-mediated, is shown at the binding surface by orange lines, with participating protein residues shown as sticks. Mutations of the two residues shown in cyan at the bottom of the figure can significantly affect pathogenicity. From 1512:

The JC virus offers a promising genetic marker for human evolution and migration. It is carried by 70–90 percent of humans and is usually transmitted from parents to offspring. This method does not appear to be reliable for tracing the

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The current ICTV classification system recognises six genera and 117 species, of which five could not be assigned a genus. This system retains the distinction between avian and mammalian viruses, grouping the avian subset into the genus

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modulates cellular signaling pathways to stimulate progression of the cell cycle by binding to a number of cellular control proteins. This is achieved by a two prong attack of inhibiting tumor suppressing genes p53 and members of the

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in "polyoma" are affixes) giving little insight into the viruses' biology; in fact, subsequent research has found that most polyomaviruses rarely cause clinically significant disease in their host organisms under natural conditions.

675:. It is essential for proliferation in the viruses that express it and is thought to be involved in regulating the viral life cycle, particularly replication and viral exit from the host cell, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. 530:. Expression of the late genes results in accumulation of the viral capsid proteins in the host cell cytoplasm. Capsid components enter the nucleus in order to encapsidate new viral genomic DNA. New virions may be assembled in 1450:

without causing disease, but can cause cancer in rodents under laboratory conditions. In the 1950s and early 1960s, well over 100 million people may have been exposed to SV40 due to previously undetected SV40 contamination of

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The polyomaviruses are members of group I (dsDNA viruses). The classification of polyomaviruses has been the subject of several proposed revisions as new members of the group are discovered. Formerly, polyomaviruses and

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Gonçalves Motta Maia F, Marciel de Souza W, Sabino-Santos G, Jorge Fumagalli M, Modha S, Ramiro Murcia P, Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo L (2018). "A novel polyomavirus in sigmodontine rodents from São Paulo State, Brazil".

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There are three main diagnostic techniques used for the diagnosis of the reactivation of polyomavirus in polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN): urine cytology, quantification of the viral load in both urine and blood, and a

862:(TSV) is distantly related to MCV. Two viruses—HPyV6 and HPyV7—are most closely related to KI and WU viruses, while HPyV9 is most closely related to the African green monkey-derived lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPV). 3371:

Siqueira JD, Ng TF, Miller M, Li L, Deng X, Dodd E, Batac F, Delwart E (July 2017). "Endemic infection of stranded southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) with novel parvovirus, polyomavirus, and adenovirus".

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Shuda M, Arora R, Kwun HJ, Feng H, Sarid R, Fernández-Figueras MT, Tolstov Y, Gjoerup O, Mansukhani MM, Swerdlow SH, Chaudhary PM, Kirkwood JM, Nalesnik MA, Kant JA, Weiss LM, Moore PS, Chang Y (September 2009).

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Pallas DC, Shahrik LK, Martin BL, Jaspers S, Miller TB, Brautigan DL, Roberts TM (January 1990). "Polyoma small and middle T antigens and SV40 small t antigen form stable complexes with protein phosphatase 2A".

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Most polyomaviruses do not infect humans. Of the polyomaviruses cataloged as of 2017, a total of 14 were known with human hosts. However, some polyomaviruses are associated with human disease, particularly in

509:, when the host cell's genome is replicated - because host cell DNA replication machinery is needed for viral genome replication. The precise mechanism of this dysregulation depends on the virus; for example, 4986:

Drews K, Bashir T, Dörries K (January 2000). "Quantification of human polyomavirus JC in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by competitive PCR".

454:. However, in general virus-cell interactions are mediated by commonly occurring molecules on the cell surface, and therefore are likely not a major contributor to individual viruses' observed cell-type 5707: 3596:

Gheit T, Dutta S, Oliver J, Robitaille A, Hampras S, Combes JD, McKay-Chopin S, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Fenske N, Cherpelis B, Giuliano AR, Franceschi S, McKay J, Rollison DE, Tommasino M (2017).

1471:, accurate detection is often confounded by high levels of cross-reactivity for SV40 with widespread human polyomaviruses. Most virologists dismiss SV40 as a cause for human cancers. 222:, have been identified in humans to a lesser extent. Most of these viruses are very common and typically asymptomatic in most human populations studied. BK virus is associated with 4157:

Ho J, Jedrych JJ, Feng H, Natalie AA, Grandinetti L, Mirvish E, Crespo MM, Yadav D, Fasanella KE, Proksell S, Kuan SF, Pastrana DV, Buck CB, Shuda Y, Moore PS, Chang Y (May 2015).

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Gheit, Tarik; Dutta, Sankhadeep; Oliver, Javier; Robitaille, Alexis; Hampras, Shalaka; Combes, Jean-Damien; McKay-Chopin, Sandrine; Calvez-Kelm, Florence Le; Fenske, Neil (2017).

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Drachenberg CB, Hirsch HH, Ramos E, Papadimitriou JC (December 2005). "Polyomavirus disease in renal transplantation: review of pathological findings and diagnostic methods".

325:, a human polyomavirus. The early region is shown on the left and contains the TAg (tumor antigen) proteins; the late region is on the right and contains the capsid proteins. 1657: 4021:

Padgett BL, Walker DL, ZuRhein GM, Eckroade RJ, Dessel BH (June 1971). "Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy".

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Gossai A, Waterboer T, Nelson HH, Michel A, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Farzan SF, Hoen AG, Christensen BC, Kelsey KT, Marsit CJ, Pawlita M, Karagas MR (January 2016).

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protein is also able to activate several cellular pathways that stimulate cell proliferation. Polyomavirus small T antigens commonly target protein phosphatase 2A (

2709:"The T/t common exon of simian virus 40, JC, and BK polyomavirus T antigens can functionally replace the J-domain of the Escherichia coli DnaJ molecular chaperone" 5700: 1455:, prompting concern about the possibility that the virus might cause disease in humans. Although it has been reported as present in some human cancers, including 711: 9628: 895: 1556:

Dozens of polyomaviruses have been identified and sequenced as of 2017, infecting mainly birds and mammals. Two polyomaviruses are known to infect fish, the

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Antibodies to the monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus have been detected in humans suggesting that this virus - or a closely related virus - can infect humans.

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start sites. Additional genes and other variations on this theme are present in some viruses: for example, rodent polyomaviruses have a third protein called

310:, which is capable of self-assembly into a closed icosahedron; each pentamer of VP1 is associated with one molecule of one of the other two capsid proteins, 5613:"Concurrence of Iridovirus, Polyomavirus, and a Unique Member of a New Group of Fish Papillomaviruses in Lymphocystis Disease-Affected Gilthead Sea Bream" 4420:

Lim ES, Reyes A, Antonio M, Saha D, Ikumapayi UN, Adeyemi M, Stine OC, Skelton R, Brennan DC, Mkakosya RS, Manary MJ, Gordon JI, Wang D (February 2013).

1421: 1147: 710:(that is, genetically related groups): the SV40 clade, the avian clade, and the murine polyomavirus clade. A subsequent proposed reclassification by the 231: 337:

regions called the early and late regions due to the time during infection in which they are transcribed. Each region is transcribed by the host cell's

5693: 9602: 2912:"Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen controls viral replication and oncoprotein expression by targeting the cellular ubiquitin ligase SCFFbw7" 5261:

Carter JJ, Paulson KG, Wipf GC, Miranda D, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG, Lemos BD, Lee S, Warcola AH, Iyer JG, Nghiem P, Galloway DA (November 2009).

3547:"Detection and genome characterization of two novel papillomaviruses and a novel polyomavirus in tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) in China" 3113:"Infection by agnoprotein-negative mutants of polyomavirus JC and SV40 results in the release of virions that are mostly deficient in DNA content" 5163:"Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection II. MCV is a common human infection that can be detected by conformational capsid epitope immunoassays" 2605:

White MK, Gordon J, Reiss K, Del Valle L, Croul S, Giordano A, Darbinyan A, Khalili K (December 2005). "Human polyomaviruses and brain tumors".

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Busam KJ, Jungbluth AA, Rekthman N, Coit D, Pulitzer M, Bini J, Arora R, Hanson NC, Tassello JA, Frosina D, Moore P, Chang Y (September 2009).

1514: 957: 3227:"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Malaria and Some Polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, and Merkel Cell Viruses)" 2301:"Structural and Functional Analysis of Murine Polyomavirus Capsid Proteins Establish the Determinants of Ligand Recognition and Pathogenicity" 534:. The mechanism of viral release from the host cell varies among polyomaviruses; some express proteins that facilitate cell exit, such as the 4962: 3010:"Interaction of polyomavirus internal protein VP2 with the major capsid protein VP1 and implications for participation of VP2 in viral entry" 218:

are primarily mammals and birds. As of 2024, there are eight recognized genera. 14 species are known to infect humans, while others, such as

9674: 5114:"Merkel cell polyomavirus expression in merkel cell carcinomas and its absence in combined tumors and pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas" 3162:

Saribas AS, Coric P, Hamazaspyan A, Davis W, Axman R, White MK, Abou-Gharbia M, Childers W, Condra JH, Bouaziz S, Safak M (October 2016).

2812:"The interaction of SV40 small tumor antigen with protein phosphatase 2A stimulates the map kinase pathway and induces cell proliferation" 2554:

Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Puozzo A, Govoni M, Foschi V, Lanza G, Gafà R, Gaboriaud P, Touzé FA, Selvatici R, Martini F, Tognon M (July 2017).

688:, which share many structural features but have very different genomic organizations, were classified together in the now-obsolete family 466:- a behavior unique among known non-enveloped viruses - where the viral capsid structure is likely to be disrupted by action of host cell 4422:"Discovery of STL polyomavirus, a polyomavirus of ancestral recombinant origin that encodes a unique T antigen by alternative splicing" 3986:

Gardner SD, Field AM, Coleman DV, Hulme B (June 1971). "New human papovavirus (B.K.) isolated from urine after renal transplantation".

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Nguyen KD, Lee EE, Yue Y, Stork J, Pock L, North JP, Vandergriff T, Cockerell C, Hosler GA, Pastrana DV, Buck CB, Wang RC (May 2017).

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regulating both cellular and viral oncoproteins. Unlike for SV40, the MCV small T antigen directly transforms rodent cells in vitro.

3676:"Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection I. MCV T antigen expression in Merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoid tissues and lymphoid tumors" 647:, and in the interior of the capsid each pentamer is associated with one molecule of either VP2 or VP3. Some polyomaviruses, such as 2650:"Polyomavirus-associated Trichodysplasia spinulosa involves hyperproliferation, pRB phosphorylation and upregulation of p16 and p21" 2481: 1541: 633: 438:

to sialylated glycans on the cell surface. In some particular viruses, additional cell-surface interactions occur; for example, the

311: 307: 261:, colored such that areas of the surface closer to the interior center appear blue and areas further away appear red. Rendered from 258: 4206:

Toptan T, Yousem SA, Ho J, Matsushima Y, Stabile LP, Fernández-Figueras MT, Bhargava R, Ryo A, Moore PS, Chang Y (February 2016).

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Gross L (June 1953). "A filterable agent, recovered from Ak leukemic extracts, causing salivary gland carcinomas in C3H mice".

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individuals. MCV is highly divergent from the other human polyomaviruses and is most closely related to murine polyomavirus.

3939:"Identification of a novel polyomavirus in a pancreatic transplant recipient with retinal blindness and vasculitic myopathy" 816: 663:

is a small multifunctional phospho-protein found in the late coding part of the genome of some polyomaviruses, most notably

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containing multiple genes. The early region usually codes for two proteins, the small and large tumor antigens, produced by

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Allander T, Andreasson K, Gupta S, Bjerkner A, Bogdanovic G, Persson MA, Dalianis T, Ramqvist T, Andersson B (April 2007).

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Stewart SE, Eddy BE, Borgese N (June 1958). "Neoplasms in mice inoculated with a tumor agent carried in tissue culture".

837: 57: 2556:"Merkel Cell Carcinomas Arising in Autoimmune Disease Affected Patients Treated with Biologic Drugs, Including Anti-TNF" 3874:

Korup S, Rietscher J, Calvignac-Spencer S, Trusch F, Hofmann J, Moens U, Sauer I, Voigt S, Schmuck R, Ehlers B (2013).

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Watanabe G, Howe A, Lee RJ, Albanese C, Shu IW, Karnezis AN, Zon L, Kyriakis J, Rundell K, Pestell RG (November 1996).

7493: 2507:"Comparisons between Murine Polyomavirus and Simian Virus 40 Show Significant Differences in Small T Antigen Function" 467: 400:. GT1a is shown in yellow and the VP1 monomer with a white surface and a blue protein backbone. A complex network of 3297:

Johne R, Buck CB, Allander T, Atwood WJ, Garcea RL, Imperiale MJ, Major EO, Ramqvist T, Norkin LC (September 2011).

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Gaynor AM, Nissen MD, Whiley DM, Mackay IM, Lambert SB, Wu G, Brennan DC, Storch GA, Sloots TP, Wang D (May 2007).

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Moens U, Calvignac-Spencer S, Lauber C, Ramqvist T, Feltkamp MC, Daugherty MD, Verschoor EJ, Ehlers B (June 2017).

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to amplify the polyomavirus DNA. This allows not only the detection of polyomavirus but also which sub type it is.

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Qi D, Shan T, Liu Z, Deng X, Zhang Z, Bi W, Owens JR, Feng F, Zheng L, Huang F, Delwart E, Hou R, Zhang W (2017).

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small T antigen encodes a unique domain, called the LT-stabilization domain (LSD), that binds to and inhibits the

3725:"Discovery of a new human polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa in an immunocompromized patient" 3415:

Dela Cruz FN, Li L, Delwart E, Pesavento PA (2017). "A novel pulmonary polyomavirus in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)".

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Tolstov YL, Pastrana DV, Feng H, Becker JC, Jenkins FJ, Moschos S, Chang Y, Buck CB, Moore PS (September 2009).

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Salunke DM, Caspar DL, Garcea RL (September 1986). "Self-assembly of purified polyomavirus capsid protein VP1".

583:, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway. 478:

concentration in the cytoplasm. Both expression of viral genes and replication of the viral genome occur in the

5716: 922: 648: 629: 584: 523: 435: 334: 317: 5464:"Glycosaminoglycans and sialylated glycans sequentially facilitate Merkel cell polyomavirus infectious entry" 4807:"Thirty-five year mortality following receipt of SV40- contaminated polio vaccine during the neonatal period" 2961:"Human Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen is an oncoprotein targeting the 4E-BP1 translation regulator" 2352:"Glycosaminoglycans and sialylated glycans sequentially facilitate Merkel cell polyomavirus infectious entry" 9679: 9669: 1058: 358: 4762:

Gazdar AF, Butel JS, Carbone M (December 2002). "SV40 and human tumours: myth, association or causality?".

349:. The late region contains the three capsid structural proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, produced by alternative 9516: 5564:"Genome Sequence of a Fish-Associated Polyomavirus, Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata) Polyomavirus 1" 4354: 3827:"A novel human polyomavirus closely related to the african green monkey-derived lymphotropic polyomavirus" 565: 350: 5023: 3776:"The trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus: virological background and clinical implications" 3064:"Merkel cell polyomavirus and two previously unknown polyomaviruses are chronically shed from human skin" 783: 180: 1112: 1025: 745: 463: 378: 8004: 3248:

Pérez-Losada M, Christensen RG, McClellan DA, Adams BJ, Viscidi RP, Demma JC, Crandall KA (June 2006).

790: 776: 187: 173: 8478: 797: 769: 651:, do not encode or express VP3. The capsid proteins are expressed from the late region of the genome. 194: 166: 9646: 9576: 9055: 8577: 7772: 6051: 5720: 4374: 3887: 3825:

Scuda N, Hofmann J, Calvignac-Spencer S, Ruprecht K, Liman P, Kühn J, Hengel H, Ehlers B (May 2011).

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van der Meijden E, Janssens RW, Lauber C, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Gorbalenya AE, Feltkamp MC (July 2010).

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Kazem S, van der Meijden E, Wang RC, Rosenberg AS, Pope E, Benoit T, Fleckman P, Feltkamp MC (2014).

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Calvignac-Spencer S, Feltkamp MC, Daugherty MD, Moens U, Ramqvist T, Johne R, Ehlers B (June 2016).

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Randhawa PS, Vats A, Zygmunt D, Swalsky P, Scantlebury V, Shapiro R, Finkelstein S (August 2002).

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Egli A, Infanti L, Dumoulin A, Buser A, Samaridis J, Stebler C, Gosert R, Hirsch HH (March 2009).

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A fourteenth virus has been described. Lyon IARC polyomavirus is related to raccoon polyomavirus.

8881: 7954: 7947: 7020: 6655: 6641: 6233: 5360: 5094: 5024:"Polyomavirus infection of renal allograft recipients: from latent infection to manifest disease" 5022:

Nickeleit V, Hirsch HH, Binet IF, Gudat F, Prince O, Dalquen P, Thiel G, Mihatsch MJ (May 1999).

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Carroll-Pankhurst C, Engels EA, Strickler HD, Goedert JJ, Wagner J, Mortimer EA (November 2001).

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Siebrasse EA, Reyes A, Lim ES, Zhao G, Mkakosya RS, Manary MJ, Gordon JI, Wang D (October 2012).

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has an additional capsid protein VP4; some examples have an additional regulatory protein called

239: 3164:"Emerging From the Unknown: Structural and Functional Features of Agnoprotein of Polyomaviruses" 9563: 9177: 8136: 8011: 7990: 7883: 7539: 7197: 6839: 6402: 5995: 5922: 5642: 5593: 5544: 5495: 5444: 5395: 5352: 5315: 5292: 5243: 5192: 5143: 5086: 5045: 5004: 4968: 4958: 4923: 4877: 4836: 4779: 4744: 4706: 4668: 4627: 4586: 4551: 4502: 4451: 4402: 4335: 4286: 4237: 4188: 4139: 4087: 4038: 4003: 3968: 3915: 3856: 3799: 3756: 3705: 3629: 3578: 3519: 3483: 3432: 3389: 3328: 3279: 3193: 3144: 3093: 3039: 2990: 2941: 2892: 2833: 2784: 2748: 2689: 2622: 2587: 2536: 2487: 2477: 2435: 2383: 2332: 2237: 2206:"Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections" 2175: 2107: 2045: 1991: 1939: 1895: 1841: 1792: 1724: 1611: 1561: 1504:

patients have exceptionally higher antibody responses than asymptomatically infected persons.

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López-Bueno A, Mavian C, Labella AM, Castro D, Borrego JJ, Alcami A, Alejo A (October 2016).

5065:"Quantitation of viral DNA in renal allograft tissue from patients with BK virus nephropathy" 4942: 1500:

viral partials in the extra cellular fluid. The viral load as before is also measure by PCR.

8967: 8895: 8788: 8363: 8305: 8268: 7997: 7728: 7686: 7634: 7597: 7567: 7528: 7382: 7308: 7165: 6487: 6450: 6424: 6382: 6183: 6173: 5988: 5840: 5811: 5632: 5624: 5583: 5575: 5534: 5526: 5485: 5475: 5434: 5426: 5387: 5344: 5282: 5274: 5233: 5223: 5182: 5174: 5133: 5125: 5076: 5035: 4996: 4950: 4915: 4867: 4826: 4818: 4771: 4736: 4698: 4658: 4647:"Prevalence of polyomavirus BK and JC infection and replication in 400 healthy blood donors" 4617: 4578: 4541: 4533: 4492: 4482: 4441: 4433: 4392: 4382: 4325: 4317: 4276: 4268: 4227: 4219: 4178: 4170: 4129: 4121: 4077: 4069: 4030: 3995: 3958: 3950: 3905: 3895: 3846: 3838: 3789: 3746: 3736: 3695: 3687: 3619: 3609: 3568: 3558: 3511: 3473: 3463: 3424: 3381: 3318: 3310: 3269: 3261: 3183: 3175: 3134: 3124: 3083: 3075: 3029: 3021: 2980: 2972: 2931: 2923: 2882: 2872: 2823: 2776: 2738: 2728: 2679: 2669: 2614: 2577: 2567: 2555: 2526: 2518: 2469: 2425: 2417: 2373: 2363: 2322: 2312: 2227: 2217: 2167: 2097: 2089: 2035: 2025: 1981: 1973: 1929: 1885: 1875: 1831: 1823: 1782: 1774: 1714: 1704: 1601: 1593: 1413: 1331: 227: 9427: 9298: 9133: 9081: 8994: 8950: 8939: 8777: 8629: 8570: 8394: 8115: 8045: 7933: 7916: 7851: 7448: 7403: 7124: 6631: 6413: 6324: 6244: 6140: 4358: 1298: 1199: 1166: 1131: 1091: 734: 451: 219: 118: 5670: 5263:"Association of Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific antibodies with Merkel cell carcinoma" 4378: 3891: 2868: 2724: 2665: 2085: 9470: 9448: 9416: 9381: 9287: 9252: 9188: 9031: 9020: 8983: 8825: 8709: 8599: 8528: 8518: 8279: 8071: 8034: 7940: 7735: 7319: 7292: 6939: 6928: 6832: 6797: 6790: 6776: 6769: 6718: 6690: 6620: 6609: 6574: 6358: 6030: 5967: 5901: 5879: 5801: 5637: 5612: 5588: 5563: 5490: 5463: 5439: 5414: 5287: 5262: 5238: 5211: 5187: 5162: 5138: 5113: 4831: 4806: 4546: 4521: 4497: 4470: 4446: 4421: 4397: 4362: 4330: 4305: 4281: 4256: 4232: 4207: 4183: 4158: 4134: 4082: 4057: 3963: 3938: 3910: 3875: 3851: 3826: 3751: 3724: 3700: 3675: 3624: 3597: 3573: 3546: 3478: 3451: 3323: 3298: 3274: 3249: 3188: 3163: 3139: 3112: 3088: 3063: 3034: 3009: 2985: 2960: 2936: 2911: 2684: 2649: 2531: 2506: 2430: 2405: 2378: 2351: 2327: 2300: 2232: 2205: 2102: 2069: 2040: 2013: 1986: 1962:"BK polyoma virus infection and renal disease in non-renal solid organ transplantation" 1961: 1890: 1863: 1836: 1811: 1787: 1762: 1606: 1581: 1557: 685: 602: 443: 370: 276: 215: 5000: 4689:

Poulin DL, DeCaprio JA (September 2006). "Is there a role for SV40 in human cancer?".

4357:, Isa P, Phan TG, Martínez MA, de la Luz Sanchez M, Contreras JF, Santos-Preciado JI, 4034: 3999: 3876:"Identification of a novel human polyomavirus in organs of the gastrointestinal tract" 3545:

Liu P, Qiu Y, Xing C, Zhou JH, Yang WH, Wang Q, Li JY, Han X, Zhang YZ, Ge XY (2019).

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1642: 434:. The attachment of polyomaviruses to host cells is mediated by the binding of 9198: 9154: 9048: 8809: 7618: 7608: 7360: 6960: 6287: 6037: 5348: 4223: 3563: 3515: 3468: 3314: 1709: 1692: 1460: 706:, and Va for "vacuolating.") The polyomaviruses were divided into three major 498: 295: 40: 5579: 5562:

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infected cell—large (blue) cell below-center-left. Urine cytology specimen.

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using host cell machinery. The early genes - comprising at minimum the

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A rendering of an icosahedral viral capsid comprising 72 pentamers of

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control or regulatory region containing the early and late regions'

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in shape (T=7 symmetry). The capsid is composed of 72 pentameric

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was the first polyomavirus discovered, having been reported by

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The genome of a typical polyomavirus codes for between 5 and 9

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in the early region, which is extremely efficient at inducing

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HPyV6 associated pruritic and dyskeratotic dermatosis (H6PD)

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expressed from the late region. The genome also contains a

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The polyomavirus life cycle begins with entry into a

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Cellular receptors for polyomaviruses are 4208:"Survey for human polyomaviruses in cancer" 3649:"Virus Is Linked to a Powerful Skin Cancer" 3344: 3342: 9511: 9433: 9422: 9411: 9400: 9389: 9375: 9304: 9293: 9282: 9271: 9260: 9246: 9242: 9183: 9026: 8989: 8945: 8831: 8794: 8783: 8772: 8761: 8750: 8736: 8635: 8400: 8389: 8348: 8311: 8274: 8187: 8176: 8121: 8077: 8040: 7868: 7857: 7846: 7835: 7824: 7810: 7692: 7681: 7640: 7603: 7545: 7534: 7523: 7512: 7501: 7487: 7483: 7388: 7377: 7366: 7314: 7182: 7171: 7130: 7093: 7082: 7071: 7026: 7015: 7004: 6945: 6934: 6923: 6912: 6901: 6887: 6696: 6685: 6626: 6615: 6604: 6493: 6456: 6419: 6408: 6309: 6250: 6239: 6228: 6217: 6146: 6135: 6124: 6113: 5973: 5962: 5907: 5896: 5885: 5874: 5796: 5785: 5774: 5763: 5752: 5738: 5734: 5708: 5694: 5686: 5519:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 5118:The American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2410:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 1955: 1953: 1864:"Seroepidemiology of human polyomaviruses" 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1422:progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 1148:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 879: 490:(LT) - are expressed first, from a single 232:progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 31: 20: 5636: 5587: 5538: 5489: 5479: 5438: 5415:"Characteristics of the SE polyoma virus" 5286: 5237: 5227: 5186: 5137: 5080: 5039: 4871: 4830: 4662: 4621: 4545: 4496: 4486: 4445: 4396: 4386: 4329: 4280: 4231: 4182: 4133: 4081: 3962: 3909: 3899: 3850: 3793: 3750: 3740: 3699: 3623: 3613: 3572: 3562: 3477: 3467: 3322: 3273: 3187: 3138: 3128: 3087: 3033: 2984: 2935: 2886: 2876: 2827: 2742: 2732: 2683: 2673: 2581: 2571: 2530: 2429: 2377: 2367: 2326: 2316: 2231: 2221: 2101: 2039: 2029: 1985: 1933: 1911: 1909: 1889: 1879: 1835: 1786: 1718: 1708: 1605: 698:derived from three abbreviations: Pa for 5513:Gottlieb KA, Villarreal LP (June 2001). 5380:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 5267:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2707:Kelley WL, Georgopoulos C (April 1997). 2007: 2005: 609:system where middle T is coupled to the 2294: 2292: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 1572: 605:developed to study cancer, such as the 377:, transcriptional start sites, and the 3933:Mishra N, Pereira M, Rhodes RH, An P, 2607:Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews 1857: 1855: 1763:"A cornucopia of human polyomaviruses" 1515:recent African origin of modern humans 958:Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus 817:Rhynchobatus djiddensis polyomavirus 1 5413:Eddy BE, Stewart SE (November 1959). 2965:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1761:DeCaprio JA, Garcea RL (April 2013). 1404:people; disease associations include 7: 1281:HPyV7-related epithelial hyperplasia 831:Trematomus bernacchii polyomavirus 1 810:Centropristis striata polyomavirus 1 501:- dysregulating the transition from 1658:"Taxonomy browser (Polyomaviridae)" 838:Trematomus pennellii polyomavirus 1 632:, and one or two minor components, 4651:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 4163:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 3943:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1446:SV40 replicates in the kidneys of 14: 4947:Polyomaviruses and Human Diseases 2619:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.04.007 634:minor capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 5082:10.1097/00007890-200208270-00009 2404:Inoue T, Tsai B (January 2013). 2272:"Introduction to Polyomaviruses" 1816:American Journal of Epidemiology 56: 5167:International Journal of Cancer 4860:International Journal of Cancer 4729:International Journal of Cancer 3680:International Journal of Cancer 1586:The Journal of General Virology 1532:in 1953 as an extract of mouse 513:LT can directly bind host cell 5531:10.1128/mmbr.65.2.288-318.2001 4989:Journal of Virological Methods 4941:Viscidi RP, Clayman B (2006). 3350:"Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release" 3168:Journal of Cellular Physiology 1508:Use in tracing human migration 290:. The genome is packaged in a 1: 5001:10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00128-7 4920:10.1016/j.humpath.2005.08.009 4035:10.1016/S0140-6736(71)91777-6 4000:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91776-4 3647:Altman LK (18 January 2008). 2573:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2899 2474:10.1016/S0065-230X(10)06001-X 2031:10.12688/f1000research.7071.1 396:VP1 in complex with the GT1a 5481:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002161 5229:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000578 5130:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181aa30a5 4691:Journal of Clinical Oncology 4388:10.1371/journal.pone.0049449 3901:10.1371/journal.pone.0058021 3742:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001024 3429:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.005 3374:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2829:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90533-V 2781:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90726-u 2675:10.1371/journal.pone.0108947 2369:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002161 2318:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005104 2223:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030064 2172:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90071-1 1881:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000363 1767:Nature Reviews. Microbiology 1643:"ICTV Report Polyomaviridae" 869:List of human polyomaviruses 824:Sparus aurata polyomavirus 1 9675:Infectious causes of cancer 4610:Reviews in Medical Virology 4583:10.1016/j.virol.2012.12.015 4488:10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.007 4438:10.1016/j.virol.2012.12.005 3615:10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.007 2462:Advances in Cancer Research 2422:10.1101/cshperspect.a013250 904:Clinical correlate (if any) 616:. There it functions as an 9696: 4538:10.6061/clinics/2018/e558s 4126:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.11.035 3080:10.1016/j.chom.2010.05.006 2928:10.1016/j.chom.2013.06.008 2012:Adang L, Berger J (2015). 1916:Jamboti JS (August 2016). 1439: 522:polyomaviruses, including 385:Replication and life cycle 9388: 9374: 9259: 9245: 8749: 8735: 7823: 7809: 7500: 7486: 6900: 6886: 5751: 5737: 5349:10.3181/00379727-83-20376 4811:British Journal of Cancer 4224:10.1172/jci.insight.85562 3564:10.1186/s12985-019-1141-9 3516:10.1007/s00705-018-3913-8 3469:10.1186/s12985-017-0867-5 3315:10.1007/s00705-011-1008-x 1710:10.1007/s00705-016-2794-y 974:Trichodysplasia spinulosa 546:, releasing the virions. 155: 150: 51: 39: 30: 23: 5580:10.1128/genomeA.01476-14 4854:Shah KV (January 2007). 4703:10.1200/JCO.2005.03.7101 3026:10.1093/emboj/17.12.3233 2878:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12861 2560:Clinical Cancer Research 1107:Polyomavirus-associated 923:Merkel cell polyomavirus 649:Merkel cell polyomavirus 630:major capsid protein VP1 585:Merkel cell polyomavirus 524:Merkel cell polyomavirus 474:possibly due to the low 321:Genome structure of the 5431:10.2105/AJPH.49.11.1486 4955:10.1007/0-387-32957-9_5 3417:Veterinary Microbiology 3212:"ICTV Taxonomy Website" 3130:10.1186/1743-422X-8-255 3068:Cell Host & Microbe 2916:Cell Host & Microbe 2094:10.1126/science.1152586 1966:Clinical Kidney Journal 1469:non-Hodgkin's lymphomas 1362:Lyon IARC polyomavirus 1059:New Jersey polyomavirus 359:cellular transformation 5392:10.1093/jnci/20.6.1223 5312:DNA for Archaeologists 4823:10.1054/bjoc.2001.2065 4764:Nature Reviews. Cancer 2734:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3679 877:sequenced as of 2017: 757:. The six genera are: 415: 326: 298:in diameter, which is 282:viruses with circular 272: 4175:10.1093/infdis/jiu524 3955:10.1093/infdis/jiu250 1355:Human polyomavirus 14 1323:Human polyomavirus 11 1290:Human polyomavirus 10 1113:haemorrhagic cystitis 1050:Human polyomavirus 13 1026:Human polyomavirus 12 1017:Human polyomavirus 12 492:alternatively spliced 464:endoplasmic reticulum 392: 379:origin of replication 320: 253: 5721:virus classification 5629:10.1128/JVI.01369-16 5568:Genome Announcements 5041:10.1681/ASN.V1051080 4945:. In Ahsan N (ed.). 4322:10.1128/JVI.01690-12 4273:10.1128/JVI.01210-12 4074:10.1128/JVI.00028-07 3843:10.1128/jvi.02602-10 3504:Archives of Virology 3303:Archives of Virology 3266:10.1128/JVI.00056-06 2523:10.1128/JVI.05034-11 1697:Archives of Virology 1662:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1598:10.1099/jgv.0.000839 1536:capable of inducing 1266:Human polyomavirus 7 1257:Human polyomavirus 7 1233:Human polyomavirus 6 1224:Human polyomavirus 6 1191:Human polyomavirus 4 1158:Human polyomavirus 3 1123:Human polyomavirus 2 1083:Human polyomavirus 1 993:Human polyomavirus 9 984:Human polyomavirus 9 949:Human polyomavirus 8 914:Human polyomavirus 5 849:Human polyomaviruses 599:middle tumor antigen 355:middle tumor antigen 347:alternative splicing 306:of a protein called 246:Structure and genome 53:Virus classification 8703:Permutotetraviridae 6462:Orthopolintovirales 5937:Malacoherpesviridae 5617:Journal of Virology 5279:10.1093/jnci/djp332 4526:Clinics (Sao Paulo) 4379:2012PLoSO...749449Y 4310:Journal of Virology 4261:Journal of Virology 4062:Journal of Virology 3892:2013PLoSO...858021K 3831:Journal of Virology 3386:10.7589/2016-04-082 3254:Journal of Virology 2869:1996PNAS...9312861W 2725:1997PNAS...94.3679K 2666:2014PLoSO...9j8947K 2517:(20): 10649–10658. 2511:Journal of Virology 2086:2008Sci...319.1096F 1779:10.1038/nrmicro2992 1526:Murine polyomavirus 1486:cerebrospinal fluid 784:Epsilonpolyomavirus 573:small tumor antigen 561:large tumor antigen 519:murine polyomavirus 488:large tumor antigen 484:small tumor antigen 468:disulfide isomerase 394:Murine polyomavirus 333:, divided into two 280:double-stranded DNA 275:Polyomaviruses are 256:murine polyomavirus 181:Epsilonpolyomavirus 7021:Malgrandaviricetes 6656:Sphaerolipoviridae 6642:Matshushitaviridae 6234:Nucleocytoviricota 4532:(suppl 1): e558s. 3653:The New York Times 2080:(5866): 1096–100. 1978:10.1093/ckj/sfv143 1828:10.1093/aje/kwv155 1430:Merkel cell cancer 1395:Clinical relevance 939:Merkel cell cancer 746:Avian polyomavirus 416: 327: 273: 240:Merkel cell cancer 9657: 9656: 9517:Taxon identifiers 9508: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9488: 9487: 9484: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9370: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9362: 9361: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9232: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9220: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9178:Yunchangviricetes 9171: 9170: 9014: 9013: 8977: 8976: 8933: 8932: 8819: 8818: 8731: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8686: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8623: 8622: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8336: 8335: 8299: 8298: 8262: 8261: 8164: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8137:Carmotetraviridae 8109: 8108: 8065: 8064: 8028: 8027: 8012:Gammaflexiviridae 8005:Deltaflexiviridae 7991:Alphaflexiviridae 7884:Alphatetraviridae 7805: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7749: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7669: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7628: 7627: 7591: 7590: 7540:Chrymotiviricetes 7473: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7425: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7302: 7301: 7198:Bacilladnaviridae 7159: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7118: 7117: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7051: 7050: 6992: 6991: 6988: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6882: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6840:Portogloboviridae 6753: 6752: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6592: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6481: 6480: 6444: 6443: 6403:Preplasmiviricota 6396: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6297: 6296: 6205: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6088: 5996:Autographiviridae 5950: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5923:Alloherpesviridae 5862: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5179:10.1002/ijc.24509 4964:978-0-387-29233-5 4873:10.1002/ijc.22425 4741:10.1002/ijc.11517 4120:(5): 932–940.e3. 4029:(7712): 1257–60. 3795:10.1111/apm.12092 3692:10.1002/ijc.24510 3510:(10): 2913–2915. 3180:10.1002/jcp.25329 2566:(14): 3929–3934. 1935:10.1111/nep.12728 1562:gilthead seabream 1426:Merkel cell virus 1402:immunocompromised 1385:Deltapolyomavirus 1382: 1381: 901:Year of discovery 856:immunocompromised 791:Gammapolyomavirus 777:Deltapolyomavirus 763:Alphapolyomavirus 755:Gammapolyomavirus 720:Orthopolyomavirus 448:Merkel cell virus 343:pre-messenger RNA 339:RNA polymerase II 236:Merkel cell virus 203: 202: 188:Gammapolyomavirus 174:Deltapolyomavirus 160:Alphapolyomavirus 16:Family of viruses 9687: 9650: 9649: 9637: 9636: 9624: 9623: 9611: 9610: 9598: 9597: 9585: 9584: 9572: 9571: 9559: 9558: 9557: 9544: 9543: 9542: 9512: 9434: 9423: 9412: 9401: 9390: 9382:dsDNA-RT viruses 9376: 9305: 9294: 9283: 9272: 9261: 9253:ssRNA-RT viruses 9247: 9243: 9184: 9027: 8995:Serpentovirales 8990: 8968:Orthomyxoviridae 8946: 8896:Peribunyaviridae 8832: 8795: 8789:Chunqiuviricetes 8784: 8773: 8762: 8751: 8743:(–)ssRNA viruses 8737: 8636: 8479:Nanghoshaviridae 8401: 8390: 8364:Botourmiaviridae 8349: 8312: 8306:Howeltoviricetes 8275: 8269:Amabiliviricetes 8188: 8177: 8122: 8078: 8041: 7998:Betaflexiviridae 7869: 7858: 7847: 7836: 7825: 7817:(+)ssRNA viruses 7811: 7729:Picobirnaviridae 7693: 7687:Duplopiviricetes 7682: 7641: 7635:Vidaverviricetes 7604: 7598:Resentoviricetes 7568:Megabirnaviridae 7546: 7535: 7529:Duplornaviricota 7524: 7513: 7502: 7488: 7484: 7389: 7383:Huolimaviricetes 7378: 7367: 7315: 7309:Repensiviricetes 7183: 7172: 7166:Cressdnaviricota 7131: 7094: 7083: 7072: 7027: 7016: 7005: 6946: 6935: 6924: 6913: 6902: 6888: 6697: 6686: 6627: 6616: 6605: 6494: 6488:Tectiliviricetes 6457: 6451:Polintoviricetes 6425:Priklausovirales 6420: 6409: 6383:Marseilleviridae 6310: 6251: 6240: 6229: 6218: 6184:Papillomaviridae 6174:Zurhausenvirales 6147: 6136: 6125: 6114: 5989:Ackermannviridae 5974: 5963: 5908: 5897: 5886: 5875: 5841:Tristromaviridae 5812:Lipothrixviridae 5797: 5786: 5775: 5764: 5753: 5739: 5735: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5687: 5666:: Polyomaviridae 5651: 5650: 5640: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5591: 5574:(1): e01476-14. 5559: 5553: 5552: 5542: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5493: 5483: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5442: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5290: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5241: 5231: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5190: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5141: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5084: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5043: 5019: 5013: 5012: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4903: 4894: 4893: 4875: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4834: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4724: 4715: 4714: 4686: 4677: 4676: 4666: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4625: 4623:10.1002/rmv.1711 4601: 4595: 4594: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4549: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4500: 4490: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4449: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4400: 4390: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4333: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4284: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4235: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4186: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4137: 4105: 4096: 4095: 4085: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4018: 4012: 4011: 3994:(7712): 1253–7. 3983: 3977: 3976: 3966: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3913: 3903: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3854: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3797: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3754: 3744: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3703: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3627: 3617: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3576: 3566: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3481: 3471: 3456:Virology Journal 3447: 3441: 3440: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3326: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3277: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3191: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3142: 3132: 3117:Virology Journal 3108: 3102: 3101: 3091: 3059: 3048: 3047: 3037: 3014:The EMBO Journal 3005: 2999: 2998: 2988: 2977:10.1172/JCI46323 2956: 2950: 2949: 2939: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2890: 2880: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2831: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2746: 2736: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2687: 2677: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2585: 2575: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2534: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2457: 2444: 2443: 2433: 2401: 2392: 2391: 2381: 2371: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2330: 2320: 2311:(10): e1005104. 2296: 2287: 2286: 2276: 2267: 2246: 2245: 2235: 2225: 2201: 2192: 2191: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2133: 2116: 2115: 2105: 2065: 2054: 2053: 2043: 2033: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1989: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1937: 1913: 1904: 1903: 1893: 1883: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1790: 1758: 1733: 1732: 1722: 1712: 1688: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1639: 1620: 1619: 1609: 1592:(6): 1159–1160. 1577: 1480:polyomaviruses. 1414:renal transplant 1332:STL polyomavirus 1325: 1292: 1259: 1226: 1193: 1160: 1125: 1085: 1052: 1019: 986: 951: 916: 880: 798:Zetapolyomavirus 770:Betapolyomavirus 731:Wukipolyomavirus 686:papillomaviruses 640:form the closed 413: 270: 228:renal transplant 195:Zetapolyomavirus 167:Betapolyomavirus 61: 60: 35: 21: 9695: 9694: 9690: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9653: 9645: 9640: 9632: 9627: 9619: 9614: 9606: 9601: 9593: 9588: 9580: 9575: 9567: 9562: 9553: 9552: 9547: 9538: 9537: 9532: 9519: 9509: 9476: 9454: 9428:Revtraviricetes 9384: 9346: 9299:Revtraviricetes 9255: 9204: 9167: 9134:Paramyxoviridae 9082:Mononegavirales 9075: 9056:Crepuscuviridae 9010: 8973: 8951:Articulavirales 8940:Insthoviricetes 8929: 8815: 8778:Negarnaviricota 8745: 8715: 8678: 8656: 8630:Stelpaviricetes 8619: 8583: 8578:Polycipiviridae 8571:Dicistroviridae 8512: 8395:Pisoniviricetes 8369: 8332: 8295: 8258: 8229: 8156: 8116:Tolucaviricetes 8105: 8061: 8046:Amarillovirales 8024: 7974: 7934:Closteroviridae 7917:Martellivirales 7910: 7852:Kitrinoviricota 7819: 7789: 7773:Polymycoviridae 7741: 7661: 7624: 7587: 7496: 7461: 7449:Finnlakeviridae 7409: 7404:Pleolipoviridae 7342: 7298: 7276: 7247: 7225: 7203: 7151: 7125:Quintoviricetes 7114: 7047: 6980: 6896: 6870: 6749: 6731: 6661: 6632:Halopanivirales 6580: 6558: 6536: 6514: 6477: 6440: 6414:Maveriviricetes 6388: 6352: 6330: 6325:Phycodnaviridae 6293: 6271: 6245:Pokkesviricetes 6189: 6167: 6141:Papovaviricetes 6085: 6052:Rountreeviridae 5942: 5846: 5824: 5747: 5724: 5714: 5659: 5654: 5623:(19): 8768–79. 5610: 5609: 5605: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5474:(7): e1002161. 5461: 5460: 5456: 5425:(11): 1486–92. 5412: 5411: 5407: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5322: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5273:(21): 1510–22. 5260: 5259: 5255: 5222:(9): e1000578. 5209: 5208: 5204: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5069:Transplantation 5062: 5061: 5057: 5021: 5020: 5016: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4965: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4914:(12): 1245–55. 4908:Human Pathology 4905: 4904: 4897: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4726: 4725: 4718: 4697:(26): 4356–65. 4688: 4687: 4680: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4267:(19): 10321–6. 4254: 4253: 4249: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4107: 4106: 4099: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4020: 4019: 4015: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3735:(7): e1001024. 3722: 3721: 3717: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3174:(10): 2115–27. 3161: 3160: 3156: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3061: 3060: 3051: 3020:(12): 3233–40. 3007: 3006: 3002: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2863:(23): 12861–6. 2850: 2849: 2845: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2765: 2764: 2760: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2660:(10): e108947. 2647: 2646: 2642: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2484: 2459: 2458: 2447: 2403: 2402: 2395: 2362:(7): e1002161. 2349: 2348: 2344: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2249: 2203: 2202: 2195: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2135: 2134: 2119: 2067: 2066: 2057: 2011: 2010: 2003: 1959: 1958: 1951: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1874:(3): e1000363. 1861: 1860: 1853: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1760: 1759: 1736: 1690: 1689: 1676: 1666: 1664: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1641: 1640: 1623: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1523: 1510: 1477: 1444: 1438: 1397: 1321: 1299:MW polyomavirus 1288: 1255: 1222: 1200:WU polyomavirus 1189: 1167:KI polyomavirus 1156: 1132:JC polyomavirus 1121: 1092:BK polyomavirus 1081: 1048: 1015: 982: 947: 912: 871: 851: 742:Avipolyomavirus 735:KI polyomavirus 681: 657: 626: 624:Capsid proteins 603:model organisms 557: 552: 532:viral factories 462:and enters the 452:heparan sulfate 405: 387: 335:transcriptional 294:of about 40-50 286:of around 5000 262: 248: 220:Simian Virus 40 210:is a family of 120:Papovaviricetes 55: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9693: 9691: 9683: 9682: 9680:Virus families 9677: 9672: 9670:Polyomaviridae 9662: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9651: 9638: 9625: 9612: 9599: 9586: 9573: 9560: 9555:Polyomaviridae 9545: 9529: 9527: 9525:Polyomaviridae 9521: 9520: 9515: 9506: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9498: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9471:Caulimoviridae 9466: 9464: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9449:Hepadnaviridae 9444: 9442: 9431: 9420: 9417:Artverviricota 9409: 9398: 9386: 9385: 9379: 9372: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9352: 9351: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9323: 9315: 9313: 9302: 9291: 9288:Artverviricota 9280: 9269: 9257: 9256: 9250: 9240: 9234: 9233: 9230: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9194: 9192: 9189:Goujianvirales 9181: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9165: 9158: 9151: 9144: 9137: 9130: 9123: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9095: 9087: 9085: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9066: 9059: 9052: 9045: 9037: 9035: 9032:Jingchuvirales 9024: 9021:Monjiviricetes 9016: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9008: 9000: 8998: 8987: 8984:Milneviricetes 8979: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8964: 8956: 8954: 8943: 8935: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8920: 8913: 8906: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8878: 8875:Leishbuviridae 8871: 8864: 8857: 8850: 8842: 8840: 8829: 8826:Ellioviricetes 8821: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8813: 8805: 8803: 8792: 8781: 8770: 8759: 8747: 8746: 8740: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8710:Sarthroviridae 8706: 8694: 8692: 8688: 8687: 8684: 8683: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8676: 8668: 8666: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8646: 8644: 8633: 8625: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8617: 8610: 8603: 8600:Alvernaviridae 8595: 8593: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8553: 8546: 8543:Solinviviridae 8539: 8532: 8529:Picornaviridae 8524: 8522: 8519:Picornavirales 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8489: 8486:Nanhypoviridae 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8458:Medioniviridae 8454: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8430:Cremegaviridae 8426: 8419: 8411: 8409: 8398: 8387: 8379: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8359: 8357: 8346: 8338: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8322: 8320: 8309: 8301: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8285: 8283: 8280:Wolframvirales 8272: 8264: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8249: 8241: 8239: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8220: 8213: 8206: 8198: 8196: 8185: 8174: 8166: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8147: 8140: 8132: 8130: 8119: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8103: 8100:Sinhaliviridae 8096: 8088: 8086: 8075: 8072:Magsaviricetes 8067: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8051: 8049: 8038: 8035:Flasuviricetes 8030: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7986: 7984: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7951: 7944: 7941:Endornaviridae 7937: 7930: 7922: 7920: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7887: 7879: 7877: 7866: 7855: 7844: 7833: 7821: 7820: 7814: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7784:Botybirnavirus 7776: 7769: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7736:Partitiviridae 7732: 7725: 7718: 7715:Curvulaviridae 7711: 7703: 7701: 7690: 7679: 7671: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7651: 7649: 7638: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7614: 7612: 7601: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7578: 7571: 7564: 7556: 7554: 7543: 7532: 7521: 7510: 7498: 7497: 7491: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7407: 7399: 7397: 7386: 7375: 7364: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7333: 7325: 7323: 7320:Geplafuvirales 7312: 7304: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7293:Redondoviridae 7288: 7286: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7267: 7259: 7257: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7237: 7235: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7215: 7213: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7193: 7191: 7180: 7169: 7161: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7141: 7139: 7128: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7104: 7102: 7091: 7080: 7069: 7061: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7037: 7035: 7024: 7013: 7002: 6994: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6975:Plectroviridae 6971: 6968:Paulinoviridae 6964: 6956: 6954: 6943: 6940:Faserviricetes 6932: 6929:Hofneiviricota 6921: 6910: 6898: 6897: 6891: 6884: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6861: 6850: 6843: 6836: 6833:Polydnaviridae 6829: 6822: 6815: 6808: 6801: 6798:Globuloviridae 6794: 6791:Fuselloviridae 6787: 6780: 6777:Bicaudaviridae 6773: 6770:Ampullaviridae 6761: 6759: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6722: 6719:Hytrosaviridae 6715: 6707: 6705: 6694: 6691:Naldaviricetes 6683: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6637: 6635: 6624: 6621:Laserviricetes 6613: 6610:Dividoviricota 6602: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6575:Corticoviridae 6570: 6568: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6548: 6546: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6526: 6524: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6504: 6502: 6491: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6467: 6465: 6454: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6430: 6428: 6417: 6406: 6398: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6364: 6362: 6359:Pimascovirales 6354: 6353: 6351: 6350: 6342: 6340: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6320: 6318: 6307: 6299: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6283: 6281: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6261: 6259: 6248: 6237: 6226: 6215: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6179: 6177: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6162:Polyomaviridae 6157: 6155: 6144: 6133: 6122: 6111: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6059:Salasmaviridae 6055: 6048: 6041: 6034: 6031:Herelleviridae 6027: 6020: 6017:Drexlerviridae 6013: 6010:Demerecviridae 6006: 5999: 5992: 5984: 5982: 5971: 5968:Caudoviricetes 5960: 5952: 5951: 5948: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5933: 5926: 5918: 5916: 5905: 5902:Herviviricetes 5894: 5883: 5880:Heunggongvirae 5872: 5864: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5836: 5834: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5815: 5807: 5805: 5802:Ligamenvirales 5794: 5783: 5772: 5761: 5749: 5748: 5742: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5705: 5698: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5676: 5674:: Polyomavirus 5668: 5658: 5657:External links 5655: 5653: 5652: 5603: 5554: 5505: 5468:PLOS Pathogens 5454: 5405: 5386:(6): 1223–43. 5370: 5327: 5321:978-1598746815 5320: 5302: 5253: 5216:PLOS Pathogens 5202: 5153: 5124:(9): 1378–85. 5104: 5055: 5014: 4978: 4963: 4933: 4895: 4846: 4797: 4776:10.1038/nrc947 4770:(12): 957–64. 4754: 4716: 4678: 4664:10.1086/597126 4637: 4596: 4561: 4512: 4461: 4432:(2): 295–303. 4412: 4373:(11): e49449. 4345: 4296: 4247: 4198: 4169:(10): 1560–5. 4149: 4097: 4048: 4013: 3978: 3949:(10): 1595–9. 3925: 3866: 3837:(9): 4586–90. 3817: 3766: 3729:PLOS Pathogens 3715: 3665: 3639: 3588: 3537: 3493: 3442: 3407: 3380:(3): 532–542. 3363: 3338: 3309:(9): 1627–34. 3289: 3260:(12): 5663–9. 3240: 3217: 3203: 3154: 3103: 3049: 3000: 2971:(9): 3623–34. 2951: 2902: 2843: 2802: 2758: 2719:(8): 3679–84. 2699: 2640: 2597: 2546: 2497: 2482: 2445: 2416:(1): a013250. 2393: 2356:PLOS Pathogens 2342: 2305:PLOS Pathogens 2288: 2247: 2210:PLOS Pathogens 2193: 2166:(6): 895–904. 2150: 2117: 2055: 2001: 1949: 1905: 1868:PLOS Pathogens 1851: 1802: 1734: 1703:(6): 1739–50. 1674: 1648: 1621: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1558:black sea bass 1522: 1519: 1509: 1506: 1476: 1473: 1440:Main article: 1437: 1434: 1396: 1393: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1329: 1326: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1263: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1230: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1164: 1161: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1137: 1134: 1129: 1126: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1094: 1089: 1086: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1061: 1056: 1053: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1023: 1020: 1012: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1003: 998: 995: 990: 987: 979: 978: 976: 971: 968: 963: 960: 955: 952: 944: 943: 941: 936: 933: 928: 925: 920: 917: 909: 908: 905: 902: 899: 893: 890: 887: 886:Proposed genus 884: 870: 867: 850: 847: 842: 841: 834: 827: 820: 813: 802: 801: 794: 787: 780: 773: 766: 750: 749: 744:(type species 738: 733:(type species 727: 722:(type species 700:Papillomavirus 680: 677: 656: 653: 625: 622: 566:retinoblastoma 556: 555:Tumor antigens 553: 551: 550:Viral proteins 548: 444:5HT2A receptor 402:hydrogen bonds 386: 383: 247: 244: 214:whose natural 207:Polyomaviridae 201: 200: 199: 198: 191: 184: 177: 170: 163: 153: 152: 148: 147: 144:Polyomaviridae 140: 136: 135: 128: 124: 123: 116: 112: 111: 104: 100: 99: 92: 88: 87: 80: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 49: 48: 37: 36: 28: 27: 25:Polyomaviridae 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9692: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9648: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9565: 9561: 9556: 9550: 9546: 9541: 9535: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9513: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9462: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9439:Blubervirales 9435: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9418: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9407: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9373: 9343: 9342: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9334:Pseudoviridae 9331: 9329: 9328: 9324: 9322: 9321: 9320:Belpaoviridae 9317: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9289: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9248: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9201: 9200: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9190: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9157: 9156: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9148:Rhabdoviridae 9145: 9143: 9142: 9141:Pneumoviridae 9138: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9129: 9128: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9120:Mymonaviridae 9117: 9115: 9114: 9110: 9108: 9107: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9096: 9094: 9093: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9083: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9070:Natareviridae 9067: 9065: 9064: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9044: 9043: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9033: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9007: 9006: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8963: 8962: 8961:Amnoonviridae 8958: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8952: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8926: 8925: 8924:Wupedeviridae 8921: 8919: 8918: 8914: 8912: 8911: 8910:Phenuiviridae 8907: 8905: 8904: 8903:Phasmaviridae 8900: 8898: 8897: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8872: 8870: 8869: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8858: 8856: 8855: 8851: 8849: 8848: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8838: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8827: 8822: 8812: 8811: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8767:Orthornavirae 8763: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8738: 8734: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8705: 8704: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8675: 8674: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8664: 8663:Stellavirales 8659: 8653: 8652: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8642: 8641:Patatavirales 8637: 8634: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8616: 8615: 8614:Solemoviridae 8611: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8590:Sobelivirales 8586: 8580: 8579: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8550:Caliciviridae 8547: 8545: 8544: 8540: 8538: 8537: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8509: 8508: 8507:Tobaniviridae 8504: 8502: 8501: 8497: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8474: 8473: 8472:Mononiviridae 8469: 8467: 8466: 8465:Mesoniviridae 8462: 8460: 8459: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8451:Gresnaviridae 8448: 8446: 8445: 8444:Euroniviridae 8441: 8439: 8438: 8437:Coronaviridae 8434: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8423:Arteriviridae 8420: 8418: 8417: 8416:Abyssoviridae 8413: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8366: 8365: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8329: 8328: 8324: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8317:Cryppavirales 8313: 8310: 8308: 8307: 8302: 8292: 8291: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8270: 8265: 8255: 8254: 8253:Steitzviridae 8250: 8248: 8247: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8224:Solspiviridae 8221: 8219: 8218: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8203:Atkinsviridae 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8182:Leviviricetes 8178: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8171:Lenarviricota 8167: 8153: 8152: 8151:Tombusviridae 8148: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8112: 8102: 8101: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8084: 8083:Nodamuvirales 8079: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8058: 8057: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8021: 8020: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7982: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7952: 7950: 7949: 7945: 7943: 7942: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7905:Matonaviridae 7902: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7886: 7885: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7874:Hepelivirales 7870: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7863:Alsuviricetes 7859: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7842: 7841:Orthornavirae 7837: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7812: 7808: 7786: 7785: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7708:Amalgaviridae 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7699: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7621: 7620: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7575:Quadriviridae 7572: 7570: 7569: 7565: 7563: 7562: 7561:Chrysoviridae 7558: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7552: 7551:Ghabrivirales 7547: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7519: 7518:Orthornavirae 7514: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7494:dsRNA viruses 7489: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7444: 7443: 7442:Anelloviridae 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7394:Haloruvirales 7390: 7387: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7362: 7357: 7339: 7338: 7337:Genomoviridae 7334: 7332: 7331: 7330:Geminiviridae 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7305: 7295: 7294: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7268: 7266: 7265: 7264:Metaxyviridae 7261: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7177:Arfiviricetes 7173: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7162: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7077:Cossaviricota 7073: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6977: 6976: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6951:Tubulavirales 6947: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6894:ssDNA viruses 6889: 6885: 6867: 6866: 6865:Rhizidiovirus 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6847:Thaspiviridae 6844: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6826:Plasmaviridae 6823: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6812:Halspiviridae 6809: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6714: 6713: 6712:Baculoviridae 6709: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6649:Simuloviridae 6646: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6599:Helvetiavirae 6595: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6521:Kalamavirales 6517: 6511: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6499:Belfryvirales 6495: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6474: 6473: 6472:Adintoviridae 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6437: 6436: 6435:Lavidaviridae 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6337:Imitervirales 6333: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6304:Megaviricetes 6300: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6152:Sepolyvirales 6148: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6130:Cossaviricota 6126: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6082: 6081: 6080:Zobellviridae 6077: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6066:Schitoviridae 6063: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6024:Guelinviridae 6021: 6019: 6018: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6007: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5930:Herpesviridae 5927: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5913:Herpesvirales 5909: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5891:Peploviricota 5887: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5869:Duplodnaviria 5865: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5791:Tokiviricetes 5787: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5780:Taleaviricota 5776: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5745:dsDNA viruses 5740: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5706: 5704: 5699: 5697: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5558: 5555: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5458: 5455: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5409: 5406: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5374: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5343:(2): 414–21. 5342: 5338: 5331: 5328: 5323: 5317: 5314:. Routledge. 5313: 5306: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5173:(6): 1250–6. 5172: 5168: 5164: 5157: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5034:(5): 1080–9. 5033: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5015: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4979: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4866:(2): 215–23. 4865: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4817:(9): 1295–7. 4816: 4812: 4808: 4801: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4657:(6): 837–46. 4656: 4652: 4648: 4641: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4616:(6): 354–77. 4615: 4611: 4607: 4600: 4597: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4513: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4416: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4316:(19): 10887. 4315: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4202: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4068:(8): 4130–6. 4067: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4014: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3982: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3886:(3): e58021. 3885: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3788:(8): 770–82. 3787: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3686:(6): 1243–9. 3685: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3666: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3364: 3351: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3293: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3244: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3074:(6): 509–15. 3073: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3004: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2922:(2): 125–35. 2921: 2917: 2913: 2906: 2903: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2822:(5): 887–97. 2821: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2775:(1): 167–76. 2774: 2770: 2762: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2601: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2583:11392/2378829 2579: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2483:9780123747716 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2151: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2018:F1000Research 2015: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1928:(8): 647–54. 1927: 1923: 1919: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1806: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1773:(4): 264–76. 1772: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1649: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1542:Sarah Stewart 1539: 1538:parotid gland 1535: 1531: 1527: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1481: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1465:mesotheliomas 1462: 1458: 1454: 1453:polio vaccine 1449: 1443: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 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145: 141: 138: 137: 134: 133: 132:Sepolyvirales 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 117: 114: 113: 110: 109: 108:Cossaviricota 105: 102: 101: 98: 97: 93: 90: 89: 86: 85: 81: 78: 75: 74: 71: 68: 65: 64: 59: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 29: 26: 22: 19: 9524: 9469: 9461:Ortervirales 9459: 9447: 9437: 9426: 9415: 9406:Pararnavirae 9404: 9393: 9341:Retroviridae 9339: 9332: 9325: 9318: 9310:Ortervirales 9308: 9297: 9286: 9277:Pararnavirae 9275: 9264: 9197: 9187: 9176: 9162:Xinmoviridae 9160: 9153: 9146: 9139: 9132: 9127:Nyamiviridae 9125: 9118: 9113:Lispiviridae 9111: 9104: 9099:Bornaviridae 9097: 9090: 9080: 9068: 9063:Myriaviridae 9061: 9054: 9047: 9042:Aliusviridae 9040: 9030: 9019: 9003: 8993: 8982: 8966: 8959: 8949: 8938: 8922: 8917:Tospoviridae 8915: 8908: 8901: 8894: 8889:Nairoviridae 8887: 8880: 8873: 8868:Hantaviridae 8866: 8859: 8854:Arenaviridae 8852: 8847:Cruliviridae 8845: 8837:Bunyavirales 8835: 8824: 8808: 8798: 8787: 8776: 8765: 8754: 8708: 8701: 8697: 8673:Astroviridae 8671: 8661: 8649: 8639: 8628: 8612: 8607:Barnaviridae 8605: 8598: 8588: 8576: 8569: 8562: 8555: 8548: 8541: 8536:Marnaviridae 8534: 8527: 8517: 8505: 8498: 8493:Olifoviridae 8491: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8463: 8456: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8404: 8393: 8384:Pisuviricota 8382: 8362: 8354:Ourlivirales 8352: 8343:Miaviricetes 8341: 8325: 8315: 8304: 8290:Narnaviridae 8288: 8278: 8267: 8251: 8246:Blumeviridae 8244: 8236:Timlovirales 8234: 8222: 8217:Fiersviridae 8215: 8208: 8201: 8193:Norzivirales 8191: 8180: 8169: 8149: 8144:Luteoviridae 8142: 8135: 8125: 8114: 8098: 8091: 8081: 8070: 8056:Flaviviridae 8054: 8044: 8033: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7979: 7969:Virgaviridae 7967: 7960: 7953: 7946: 7939: 7932: 7927:Bromoviridae 7925: 7915: 7903: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7872: 7861: 7850: 7839: 7828: 7782: 7778: 7771: 7766:Birnaviridae 7764: 7760: 7734: 7727: 7720: 7713: 7706: 7698:Durnavirales 7696: 7685: 7676:Pisuviricota 7674: 7656:Cystoviridae 7654: 7646:Mindivirales 7644: 7633: 7617: 7607: 7596: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7549: 7538: 7527: 7516: 7505: 7456:Spiraviridae 7454: 7447: 7440: 7436: 7402: 7392: 7381: 7372:Saleviricota 7370: 7359: 7335: 7328: 7318: 7307: 7291: 7283:Recrevirales 7281: 7269: 7262: 7254:Mulpavirales 7252: 7242:Smacoviridae 7240: 7232:Cremevirales 7230: 7220:Circoviridae 7218: 7210:Cirlivirales 7208: 7196: 7188:Baphyvirales 7186: 7175: 7164: 7146:Parvoviridae 7144: 7136:Piccovirales 7134: 7123: 7109:Bidnaviridae 7107: 7097: 7088:Mouviricetes 7086: 7075: 7066:Shotokuvirae 7064: 7042:Microviridae 7040: 7032:Petitvirales 7030: 7019: 7010:Phixviricota 7008: 6997: 6973: 6966: 6959: 6949: 6938: 6927: 6916: 6907:Monodnaviria 6905: 6863: 6858:Dinodnavirus 6856: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6819:Ovaliviridae 6817: 6810: 6805:Guttaviridae 6803: 6796: 6789: 6784:Clavaviridae 6782: 6775: 6768: 6764: 6742: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6700: 6689: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6630: 6619: 6608: 6597: 6573: 6563: 6553:Adenoviridae 6551: 6541: 6531:Tectiviridae 6529: 6519: 6509:Turriviridae 6507: 6497: 6486: 6470: 6460: 6449: 6433: 6423: 6412: 6401: 6381: 6376:Iridoviridae 6374: 6367: 6357: 6345: 6335: 6323: 6313: 6302: 6286: 6278:Chitovirales 6276: 6266:Asfarviridae 6264: 6254: 6243: 6232: 6223:Bamfordvirae 6221: 6212:Varidnaviria 6210: 6182: 6172: 6161: 6160: 6150: 6139: 6128: 6119:Shotokuvirae 6117: 6108:Monodnaviria 6106: 6078: 6073:Siphoviridae 6071: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6043: 6036: 6029: 6022: 6015: 6008: 6003:Chaseviridae 6001: 5994: 5987: 5979:Caudovirales 5977: 5966: 5955: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5911: 5900: 5889: 5878: 5867: 5839: 5831:Primavirales 5829: 5817: 5810: 5800: 5789: 5778: 5767: 5756: 5679: 5671: 5663: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5383: 5379: 5373: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5311: 5305: 5270: 5266: 5256: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5170: 5166: 5156: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5075:(4): 485–8. 5072: 5068: 5058: 5031: 5027: 5017: 4995:(1): 23–36. 4992: 4988: 4981: 4946: 4936: 4911: 4907: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4814: 4810: 4800: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4732: 4728: 4694: 4690: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4577:(2): 63–72. 4574: 4570: 4564: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4370: 4366: 4355:Greninger AL 4348: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4166: 4162: 4152: 4117: 4113: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4026: 4022: 4016: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3946: 3942: 3928: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3785: 3779: 3769: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3683: 3679: 3668: 3656:. 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