693:
1492:
1374:
321:
1687:, ponderosas are prized for their rough, flaky bark, contorted trunks, flexible limbs, and dramatic deadwood. Collected specimens can be wildly sculpted by their environment, resulting in beautiful twisted trunks, limbs and deadwood. In the mountains they can be found growing in pockets in the rock, stunting their growth. The main challenge for this species in bonsai cultivation is the natural long length of its needles, which takes years of training and care to reduce.
133:
1672:
467:
58:
88:
110:
1504:
survive weaker fires. In addition to being adapted to dry, fire-affected areas, the species often appears on the edges of deserts as it is comparatively drought resistant, partly due to the ability to close its leaf pores. It can also draw some of its water from sandy soils. Despite being relatively widespread in the
American West, it is
680:, which could reflect the dominance of terpenes (alpha- and beta-pinenes, as well as delta-3-carene). Others state that it has no distinctive scent, while still others state that the bark smells like vanilla if sampled from a furrow. Sources agree that the Jeffrey pine is more strongly scented than the ponderosa pine. When carved into,
1659:
Native
Americans consumed the seeds and sweet inner bark. They chewed the dried pitch, which was also used as a salve. They used the limbs and branches as firewood and building material, and the trunks were carved into canoes. The needles and roots were made into baskets. The needles were also boiled
1416:
areas of
Washington. Stands occur throughout low level valleys in British Columbia reaching as far north as the Thompson, Fraser and Columbia watersheds. In its Northern limits, it only grows below 4,300 feet (1,300 m) elevation, but is most common below 2,600 feet (800 m). Ponderosa covers
874:
Southeast
British Columbia, eastern Washington State and Oregon east of the Cascade Range, 1,200–1,900 m (3,900–6,200 ft) in northeastern California, northwestern Nevada, Idaho and west of the Helena, Montana, transition zone. Cool, relatively moist summers; very cold, snowy winters (except
828:
Western coastal parts of
Washington State; Oregon west of the Cascade Range except for the southward-extending Umpqua–Tahoe Transition Zone; California except for both that transition zone and the Transverse-Tehahchapi Mountains Transition zone in southern California and Critchfield's far Southern
1962:
Safford, H.D. 2013. Natural Range of
Variation (NRV) for yellow pine and mixed conifer forests in the bioregional assessment area, including the Sierra Nevada, southern Cascades, and Modoc and Inyo National Forests. Unpublished report. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Vallejo, CA,
1503:
for ponderosa pine is 5 to 10 years, in which a natural ignition sparks a low-intensity fire. Low, once-a-decade fires are known to have helped specimens live for half a millennium or more. The tree has thick bark, and its buds are protected by needles, allowing even some younger individuals to
966:
Before the distinctions between the North
Plateau and Pacific races were fully documented, most botanists assumed that ponderosa pines in both areas were the same. In 1948, when a botanist and a geneticist from California found a distinct tree on Mt. Rose in western Nevada with some marked
498:
helps distinguish it from other species. Mature to overmature individuals have yellow to orange-red bark in broad to very broad plates with black crevices. Younger trees have blackish-brown bark, referred to as "blackjacks" by early loggers. Ponderosa pine's five
1722:
Pinus ponderosa is the official state tree of
Montana. In a 1908 poll to determine the state tree, Montana schoolchildren chose the tree over the Douglas fir, American larch, and cottonwood. However, the tree was not officially named the state tree until 1949.
1461:), found primarily in the mountains of extreme southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico and sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine, is presently recognized as a separate species. Ponderosa pine are also found in the
668:
The egg-shaped cones, which are often found in great number under trees, are 3–5 in (8–13 cm) long. They are purple when first chewed off by squirrels, but become more brown and spherical as they dry. Each scale has a sharp point.
3293:
925:
East of the Helena, Montana, transition zone, North & South Dakota, but not the central high plains, Wyoming, Nebraska, northern and central
Colorado and Utah, and eastern Nevada. Warm, relatively dry summers; very cold, fairly dry
798:
Four corners transition zone, including southern
Colorado, southern Utah, northern and central New Mexico and Arizona, westernmost Texas, and a single disjunct population in the far northwestern Oklahoma panhandle. The
996:
in western Oregon, is rare. This is likely just one of the many islands of Pacific subspecies of ponderosa pine occurring in the Willamette Valley and extending north to the southeast end of Puget Sound in Washington.
623: in or 68.5–89 millimetres). The central High Plains subspecies is characterized by the fewest needles (1.4 per whorl, on average); stout, upright branches at narrow angles from the trunk; and long green needles—
1650:
throughout the high country of New Zealand, where it is beginning to take over, causing the native species of plants not to be able to grow in those locations. It is also considered a "weed" in parts of Australia.
1663:
In the 19th and 20th centuries, old-growth trees were widely used by settlers as lumber, including for railroads. Younger trees are of poor quality for lumber due to the tendency to warp.
955:
Distributions of the subspecies in the United States are shown in shadow on the map. Distribution of ponderosa pine is from Critchfield and Little. The closely related five-needled
3308:
803:
contains one of the world's largest and healthiest forests. Hot with bimodal monsoonal rainfall; wet winters and summers contrast with dry springs and falls; mild winters.
1714:, where they were planted into the ground and exposed to a nuclear blast to see what the blast wave would do to a forest. The trees were partially burned and blown over.
4346:
4341:
4336:
1949:
1363:
Numbers in columns were derived from multiple measurements of samples taken from 10 (infrequently fewer) trees on a varying number of geographically dispersed plots.
4007:
2362:
949:
Predominantly in northeastern California, and into Nevada and Oregon, at 2,000–3,000 m (6,600–9,800 ft), upper mixed-conifer to lower subalpine habitats.
896:
Southern South Dakota and adjacent northern Nebraska and far eastern Colorado, but neither the northern and southern High Plains nor the Black Hills, which are in
4095:
971:. Subsequent research determined this to be one of the southernmost outliers of the typical North Plateau race of ponderosa pine. Its current classification is
692:
4306:
503:, as classified by some botanists, can be identified by their characteristically bright-green needles (contrasting with blue-green needles that distinguish
708:
lists a ponderosa pine that is 235 ft (72 metres) tall and 27 ft (8.2 m) in circumference. In January 2011, a Pacific ponderosa pine in the
1872:
Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Tufts, Craig; Mathews, Daniel; Nelson, Gil; Spellenberg, Richard; Thieret, John W.; Purinton, Terry; Block, Andrew (2008).
4182:
2932:
Smith, R. H. (1981). "Variation in cone color of immature ponderosa pine (Pinaceae) in northern California and southern Oregon". Madroño 28: 272–275.
709:
3945:
2065:
1906:
4020:
3958:
3032:
567: in (9.2–14.4 cm)—and stout needles growing in scopulate (bushy, tuft-like) fascicles of two or three. The southwestern subspecies has
4203:
4131:
2786:
2677:
2637:
2438:
1824:
850:
100–2,700 m (330–8,860 ft) on coastal-draining slopes of major mountain ranges in California, and in southwestern Oregon, Washington.
637:–7 in (14.8–17.9 cm)—extending farthest along the branch, resembling a fox tail. Needles are widest, stoutest, and fewest (averaging
4331:
4326:
2230:
2149:
1881:
764:, with differing botanical characters and adaptations to different climatic conditions. Four of these have been termed "geographic races" in
1679:. This tree is estimated to be over 40 years old. The long length of the needles is the main challenge when training this species as bonsai.
3859:
4311:
983:
428:
and has been introduced in temperate regions of Europe and in New Zealand. It was first documented in modern science in 1826 in eastern
132:
768:
literature. Some botanists historically treated some races as distinct species. In modern botanical usage, they best match the rank of
4351:
4321:
3893:
3854:
3714:
2762:
2616:
2538:
4113:
4386:
3482:
875:
in the very hot and very dry summers of central Oregon, most notably near Bend, which also has very cold and generally dry winters).
3438:
Conkle, MT; Critchfield, WB (1988). "Genetic variation and hybridization of ponderosa pine". In Baumgartner, DM; Lotan, JE (eds.).
1400:. Like most western pines, the ponderosa is generally associated with mountainous topography. However, it is found on banks of the
1491:
1975:
2417:
3994:
2000:
933:
539:–8 in (12–20.5 cm)—and relatively flexible needles in fascicles of three. The Rocky Mountains subspecies has shorter—
117:
3078:
4381:
4371:
4361:
4265:
4061:
2812:
2758:
2703:
2663:
2612:
2534:
2464:
1858:
705:
4025:
3279:
1699:
3628:
Mirov, NT (1929). "Chemical analysis of the oleoresins as a means of distinguishing Jeffrey pine and western yellow pine".
4082:
3226:
3028:
1703:
1373:
4376:
4229:
3782:
2907:
1438:
712:
in Oregon was measured with a laser to be 268 ft 4 in (81.79 m) high. The measurement was performed by
451:
3330:
1897:
3255:
4366:
4356:
4270:
4216:
1554:
and other beetles can be found consuming the bark. The seeds are eaten by squirrels, chipmunks, quail, grouse, and
4100:
2841:
Haller, JR (1961). "Some recent observations on ponderosa, Jeffrey, and Washoe pines in northeastern California".
4056:
2370:
1798:
748: in (83.45 m), which surpassed the ponderosa pine previously considered the world's tallest pine tree.
713:
264:
4136:
3014:
864:
437:
307:
38:
4221:
2309:
967:
differences from the ponderosa pine they knew in California, they described it as a new species, Washoe pine
829:
California Race. Mediterranean hot, dry summers in California; mild wet winters with heavy snow in mountains.
3932:
3189:
On the Stakey Experimental Forest in northeastern Oregon, piliated woodpeckers nested in dead ponderosa pine
3006:
1624:
1551:
697:
320:
3937:
3911:
3294:"Ponderosa Pine - Pacific and Columbia sub species - Potted tree seedling - Landscape, Timber Tree, Bonsai"
3906:
3820:
3800:
3725:
3704:
2720:
2577:
2559:
2204:
2181:
2095:
1397:
3687:
2073:
2948:
1588:
1486:
291:
248:
31:
3963:
3501:
Haller, JR (1965). "The role of 2-needle fascicles in the adaptation and evolution of ponderosa pine".
3374:
2980:"A classification of forest habitat types of the southern Arizona and portions of the Colorado Plateau"
1600:
1555:
3364:
1616:
1610:
446:(red pine). In 1829, Douglas concluded that he had a new pine among his specimens and coined the name
4123:
3867:
3763:
3510:
3053:
1964:
1732:
1547:
1434:
724:. The tree was climbed on October 13, 2011, by Ascending The Giants (a tree-climbing company in
3054:"Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine, Interior Ponderosa PIne, Black Hills Ponderosa Pine, Ponderosa Pine"
2051:
The agriculturist's manual: being a familiar description of agricultural plants cultivated in Europe
1566:
1559:
1470:
728:) and directly measured with tape-line at 268 ft 3 in (81.77 m) high. As of 2015, a
433:
77:
4074:
3696:
3422:
2986:. Fort Collins, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins: 26, 28
2790:
2442:
1775:
4278:
3924:
3919:
3846:
3534:
3526:
3180:
2869:
2742:
2681:
2641:
2596:
2518:
2141:
1943:
429:
127:
4208:
1828:
4012:
4157:
3828:
3478:
3460:
Critchfield, WB; Allenbaugh, GL (1965). "Washoe pine on the Bald Mountain Range, California".
3386:
3378:
3141:
2806:
2697:
2657:
2458:
2226:
2155:
2145:
1877:
1852:
1628:
1529:
1405:
1382:
993:
730:
522:
311:
232:
2328:
4162:
3559:
3518:
3417:
3360:
3172:
3024:
1770:
1711:
1647:
1462:
1450:
915:
788:
725:
421:
30:
This article is about the tree. For the plant community that is dominated by this tree, see
4038:
3986:
3107:. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service. p. 177. Miscellaneous Publication 1339.
1671:
4144:
1643:
1605:
1505:
1466:
1426:
1409:
800:
4195:
3514:
1702:
in 1953, a nuclear test was performed in which 145 ponderosa pines were cut down by the
4316:
4190:
3650:
Wagener, WW (1960). "A comment on cold susceptibility of ponderosa and Jeffrey pines".
1425:. It is found on foothills and mid-height peaks of the northern, central, and southern
1401:
466:
442:
157:
3643:
Genetic variation in ponderosa pine: A 15-Year Test of provenances in the Great Plains
2943:
2887:
Lauria, F (1997). "The taxonomic status of (Pinus washoensis) H. Mason & Stockw".
2025:
57:
4300:
4033:
3408:
3163:
Bull, Evelyn L. (1987). "Ecology of the pileated woodpecker in northeastern Oregon".
3149:
1761:
1430:
1393:
681:
495:
411:
97:
92:
3538:
3399:
2392:
1752:
1453:
and on mid-height peaks (6,000 to 9,300 feet; 1,800 to 2,800 m) in Arizona and
4283:
3833:
3670:
3122:
2205:"Pinus ponderosa: Geographic Races and Subspecies Based on Morphological Variation"
1707:
1542:
1446:
1422:
956:
504:
407:
3787:
3774:
3496:. University of California Publications in Botany. Vol. 34. pp. 123–166.
3201:
2979:
2496:
4234:
4048:
4257:
4087:
4069:
3971:
3757:
2860:
Haller, JR (1965). "Pinus washoensis: taxonomic and evolutionary implications".
1519:
1515:
1418:
1413:
1365:
Numbers in each cell show calculated mean ± standard error and number of plots.
3679:
2182:"Pinus ponderosa: A Taxonomic Review with Five Subspecies in the United States"
3564:
3547:
3370:
2801:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team; with distribution map.
2692:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team; with distribution map.
2652:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team; with distribution map.
2453:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team; with distribution map.
2159:
1582:
1500:
1454:
769:
677:
500:
425:
170:
17:
4172:
3898:
3748:
2478:
595: in (11.2–19.8 cm), stout needles in fascicles of three (averaging
3880:
3710:
491:
4247:
3390:
2135:
918:
in S.Watson) E. Murray, Kalmia 12:23, 1982 – Rocky Mountains ponderosa pine
4149:
2137:
Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees
1976:"Ponderosa pine named Spokane's official city tree | The Spokesman-Review"
4242:
4108:
3742:
3447:
Critchfield, WB (1984). "Crossability and relationships of Washoe Pine".
3280:"Ponderosa Pines (Pinus ponderosa) as a Bonsai – East Bay Bonsai Society"
1690:
This species is grown as an ornamental plant in parks and large gardens.
765:
717:
210:
3810:
3950:
3841:
3530:
3184:
2873:
1477:, at elevations between 4,000 and 8,000 feet (1,200 and 2,400 m).
1442:
484:
455:
200:
190:
180:
454:, a Scottish nurseryman. It was adopted as the official state tree of
3976:
3795:
3615:
Hartw. (Pinaceae), a taxon deserving renewed botanical examination".
3442:. Cooperative Extension, Washington State University. pp. 27–44.
3130:. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. p. 20.
2830:. USDA Forest Service. Miscellaneous Publication 991, p. 16 (Map 47).
1684:
1676:
721:
3719:
3522:
3176:
867:
ex C. Lawson – Columbia ponderosa pine, North plateau ponderosa pine
450:
for its heavy wood. In 1836, it was formally named and described by
889:
Robert Z. Callaham subsp. novo – central High Plains ponderosa pine
414:. It is the most widely distributed pine species in North America.
3999:
3885:
1910:
1874:
National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
1670:
1594:
1490:
1474:
1372:
691:
521:
inches (19.8 centimetres)—and most flexible needles in plume-like
474:
465:
403:
144:
942:(H. Mason & Stockw.) J.R. Haller & Vivrette – Washoe pine
3872:
3382:
2978:
Muldavin, Esteban H.; DeVelice, Robert L.; Ronco, Frank (1996).
1522:
757:
487:
220:
3723:
1009:
can be distinguished by measurements along several dimensions:
900:. Hot, dry, very windy summers; continental cold, wet winters.
3573:
Lauria, F (1991). "Taxonomy, systematics, and phylogeny of
436:(of which it is the official city tree). On that occasion,
3494:
Variation and hybridization in ponderosa and Jeffrey pines
1936:
United States Pines, Local Nomenclatures and Their Origins
2418:"Oregon Forest Home for World's Tallest Living Pine Tree"
2296:
A field guide to California and Pacific Northwest forests
1565:
Various animals nest in the ponderosa pines, such as the
2248:
Monoterpenes of ponderosa pine in Western United States
756:
Modern forestry research has identified five different
2908:"Loggers give unique Oregon ponderosa pine a lifeline"
1839:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
2715:
2713:
2281:
A field guide to Rocky Mountain and southwest forests
1417:
1 million acres (4,000 km), or 80%, of the
37:"Ponderosa pines" redirects here. For the place, see
3013:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
2072:. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Archived from
3732:
2736:
2734:
2053:. Edinburgh U.K.: William Blackwood and Sons. 1836.
843:
J.R. Haller & Vivrette – Pacific ponderosa pine
3254:Victorian Resources Online, Agriculture Victoria.
3124:Field Guide to the Forest Plants of Northern Idaho
1361:Names of taxa and transition zones are on the map.
3309:"How Do We Know Nuclear Bombs Blow Down Forests?"
2828:Geographic distribution of the pines of the world
2781:
2779:
2512:
2510:
3077:Stecker, Tiffany; ClimateWire (March 22, 2013).
2134:Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) .
1540:from the galleries of all species in the genus
525:of three. The Columbia ponderosa pine has long—
3366:Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains
2727:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
2584:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
2566:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
2268:. University of California Press. p. 111.
3645:. USDA Forest Service. Research Paper RM-265.
3440:Ponderosa pine the species and its management
3423:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42401A2977432.en
3079:"U.S. Starts Massive Forest-Thinning Project"
2889:Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien
2259:
2257:
1776:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42401A2977432.en
8:
3477:(2nd ed.). Leiden & Boston: Brill.
3005:Oliver, William W; Ryker, Russell A (1990).
1948:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1876:. New York, New York: Sterling. p. 89.
1660:into a solution to treat coughs and fevers.
684:-filled stumps emit a scent of fresh pitch.
665: in or 56–71 mm) for the species.
1404:in Nebraska. Scattered stands occur in the
1350: green & red-brown to dark purple
1344: green & red-brown to dark purple
1341: green & red-brown to dark purple
27:Species of large pine tree in North America
3720:
3581:Loudon (Pinaceae). Alternative concepts".
507:). The Pacific subspecies has the longest—
424:southward and eastward through 16 western
319:
108:
86:
56:
45:
3697:Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of
3563:
3421:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
1774:
982:An additional variety, tentatively named
4347:Flora of the South-Central United States
3225:Wilding Pines, Quick ID (October 2018).
2250:. USDA Forest Service. Tech. Bull. 1532.
2001:"Hey, Spokane, you now have a city tree"
1907:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1562:can climb up to 12 feet up a ponderosa.
1558:, while mule deer browse the seedlings.
1011:
4342:Flora of the Southwestern United States
4337:Flora of the Northwestern United States
3116:
3114:
3033:United States Department of Agriculture
2483:Catalog of the Woody Plants of Oklahoma
1743:
1514:needles are the only known food of the
3042:– via Southern Research Station.
2804:
2695:
2655:
2456:
2203:Callaham, Robert Z. (September 2013).
2180:Callaham, Robert Z. (September 2013).
2129:
2127:
2125:
1941:
1850:
3692:(ponderosa pine, western yellow pine)
2799:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2690:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2650:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2451:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
1837:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1195: Branch angle (° from vertical)
734:specimen was measured at 273 ft
676:. Some state that the bark smells of
7:
4271:dc0d71d5-6a18-47dd-a7a2-85d35afc9d58
4124:6ec7779f-3d74-4591-bda7-875260550886
3331:"Ponderosa Pine: Montana State Tree"
2826:Critchfield, WB; Little, EL (1966).
1095: Foliage length on branch (cm)
710:Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest
4307:IUCN Red List least concern species
3611:Lauria, F (1996). "Typification of
3594:Lauria, F (1996). "The identity of
3409:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2965:Pines of Mexico and Central America
2327:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
1762:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3715:University of California, Berkeley
3256:"Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)"
3165:The Journal of Wildlife Management
3146:A Natural History of Western Trees
2906:Ryan, Catherine (March 19, 2012).
2763:University of California, Berkeley
2617:University of California, Berkeley
2539:University of California, Berkeley
2445:Pinus ponderosa subsp. brachyptera
2225:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
2210:. USDA Forest Service. PSW RP-265.
2187:. USDA Forest Service. PSW RP-264.
1938:. Bonanza Books. pp. 420–422.
1338: apple green to yellow green
772:and have been formally published.
420:grows in various erect forms from
410:to mountainous regions of western
25:
3598:Douglas ex C.Lawson (Pinaceae)".
3546:Haller, JR; Vivrette, NJ (2011).
3103:Furniss, RL; Carolin, VM (1977).
2967:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
2721:"Pinus ponderosa var. washoensis"
2479:"Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine"
2369:. Medford, Oregon. Archived from
2361:Fattig, Paul (January 23, 2011).
2140:(field guide ed.). Seattle:
1550:), which has caused much damage.
1437:, and in the maritime-influenced
1075: Years needles remain green
963:) extends southward into Mexico.
406:tree species of variable habitat
4222:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:307165-2
3307:Finkbeiner, Ann (May 31, 2013).
3227:"Wilding Conifer:Quick ID Guide"
2578:"Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa"
2298:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 107.
2283:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 194.
2030:Douglas ex C. Lawson (Pinaceae)"
1030: Central High Plains
716:and Mario Vaden, a professional
131:
3121:Patterson, Patricia A. (1985).
2942:Meierhenry, Mark (March 2008).
2793:Pinus ponderosa var. washoensis
2684:Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum
2560:"Pinus ponderosa var. pacifica"
2266:A Natural History of California
672:Sources differ on the scent of
2644:Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa
2314:National Register of Big Trees
1536:, is introduced in sapwood of
1315: Seed + wing length (mm)
706:National Register of Big Trees
1:
2485:. Oklahoma Biological Survey.
2264:Schoenherr, Allan A. (1995).
1218: 101.4±2.48, N=25
1215: Seed cones length (mm)
791:– southwestern ponderosa pine
4332:Flora of Northwestern Mexico
4327:Flora of Northeastern Mexico
3058:Texas Native Plants Database
3029:United States Forest Service
2741:Jepson Flora Project (ed.).
2595:Jepson Flora Project (ed.).
2517:Jepson Flora Project (ed.).
2037:Linzer Biologische Beitraege
1704:United States Forest Service
1327: 23.3±0.68, N=15
1324: 22.9±0.63, N=17
1321: 24.8±0.62, N=14
1318: 32.3±0.58, N=23
1267: 0.86±0.02, N=20
1264: 0.90±0.02, N=22
1261: 0.84±0.03, N=36
1258: 0.80±0.03, N=25
1247: 62.6±1.77, N=20
1244: 61.5±1.08, N=22
1241: 71.6±0.73, N=36
1238: 77.1±1.35, N=25
1235: Seed cones width (mm)
1227: 74.9±2.51, N=20
1224: 70.7±2.20, N=22
1221: 88.7±1.24, N=36
1167: 44.8±0.87, N=24
1164: 46.4±0.68, N=23
1161: 47.8±0.51, N=48
1158: 45.9±0.49, N=30
1127: 14.7±0.45, N=24
1124: 11.2±0.27, N=23
1121: 16.8±0.29, N=48
1118: 19.8±0.44, N=30
1024: Rocky Mountains
2497:"Arizona Mountains forests"
2221:Eckenwalder, James (2009).
1330: 23.1±0.78, N=5
1307: 4.3±0.09, N=16
1304: 4.1±0.05, N=17
1301: 4.9±0.08, N=14
1298: 4.9±0.05, N=23
1287: 6.4±0.18, N=16
1284: 6.3±0.09, N=17
1281: 7.6±0.16, N=14
1278: 7.5±0.08, N=23
1270: 0.90±0.03, N=5
1250: 63.3±2.18, N=5
1230: 71.1±2.46, N=5
1187: 3.4±0.25, N=23
1184: 3.0±0.17, N=23
1181: 3.7±0.11, N=50
1178: 4.4±0.13, N=30
1170: 49.7±0.61, N=5
1147: 3.0±0.03, N=24
1144: 2.6±0.06, N=23
1141: 3.0±0.00, N=48
1138: 3.0±0.00, N=30
1135: Needles per fascicle
1130: 15.6±0.57, N=5
1107: 21.8±2.7, N=24
1104: 21.1±1.7, N=23
1101: 26.2±2.2, N=50
1098: 25.1±2.4, N=30
1087: 4.3±0.18, N=24
1084: 5.7±0.28, N=23
1081: 4.7±0.14, N=50
1078: 3.9±0.25, N=30
4403:
4312:NatureServe secure species
3675:ponderosa (ponderosa pine)
3641:Van Haverbeke, DF (1986).
3548:"Ponderosa pine revisited"
3373:(illustrations). Chicago:
3260:vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au
2862:American Journal of Botany
2811:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2702:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2662:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2463:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2246:Smith, Richard H. (1977).
1857:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1484:
1392:is a dominant tree in the
1310: 4.5±0.10, N=5
1290: 7.0±0.12, N=5
1190: 2.3±0.11, N=5
1150: 2.4±0.11, N=5
1110: 42.2±6.7, N=5
1090: 4.7±0.18, N=5
817:Robert Z. Callaham subsp.
36:
29:
4352:Flora of British Columbia
4322:Trees of Northern America
3617:Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien
3565:10.5642/aliso.20112901.07
2294:Kricher, John C. (1998).
1700:Operation Upshot–Knothole
1445:, it predominates on the
1255: Seed cone form W/L
1207: 48±3.1, N=24
1204: 50±2.3, N=23
1201: 51±1.7, N=50
1198: 56±1.8, N=30
1175: Branches per whorl
1115: Needle length (cm)
1027: Southwestern
1001:Distinguishing subspecies
327:
318:
297:
290:
128:Scientific classification
126:
106:
84:
75:
64:
55:
48:
4387:Plants described in 1836
3671:USDA Plants Profile for
3021:Silvics of North America
2984:General Technical Report
2310:"Pacific ponderosa pine"
2279:Kricher, John C (1998).
1847:; with distribution map.
1495:Ponderosa pine seedlings
1449:and is scattered on the
1335: Mature cone color
1210: 36±1.9, N=5
821:– Pacific ponderosa pine
776:Subspecies and varieties
382:, commonly known as the
39:Ponderosa Pines, Montana
3142:Peattie, Donald Culross
2341:The Gymnosperm Database
1396:plant association, the
1275: Seed length (mm)
1155: Needle thickness
3375:A.C. McClurg & Co.
3234:wildingconifers.org.nz
3105:Western Forest Insects
2963:Perry, JP Jr. (1991).
2944:"The Old Growth Pines"
2503:. World Wildlife Fund.
2501:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1680:
1635:As an invasive species
1496:
1398:ponderosa shrub forest
1386:
1295: Seed width (mm)
1035: Scientific name
701:
477:
4382:Plants used in bonsai
4372:Flora of South Dakota
4362:Flora of North Dakota
3680:Gymnosperm Database:
3152:. pp. 83–84, 86.
2949:South Dakota Magazine
2373:on September 23, 2012
2363:"Tallest of the tall"
2223:Conifers of the World
1934:Marcus, M, P (1969).
1805:. Arlington, Virginia
1674:
1589:Phaeolus schweinitzii
1494:
1487:Ponderosa pine forest
1408:of Oregon and in the
1376:
1040:P. p. critchfieldiana
1021: Columbia
695:
469:
32:Ponderosa pine forest
3416:: e.T42401A2977432.
2759:The Jepson Herbarium
2613:The Jepson Herbarium
2535:The Jepson Herbarium
1797:NatureServe (2024).
1769:: e.T42401A2977432.
1733:Southern yellow pine
1646:" and spreads as an
1560:American black bears
1548:mountain pine beetle
1534:Grosmannia clavigera
1526:Chionodes retiniella
1018: Pacific
440:misidentified it as
3688:Calflora Database:
3630:Journal of Forestry
3623:(B Suppl): 427–446.
3515:1965Britt..17..354H
3492:Haller, JR (1962).
3398:Farjon, A. (2013).
3083:Scientific American
2420:. US Forest Service
2397:Gymnosperm Database
2393:"Pinus lambertiana"
2316:. American Forests.
2024:Lauria, F. (1996).
1751:Farjon, A. (2013).
1706:and transported to
1675:Pinus ponderosa as
1567:piliated woodpecker
1506:intolerant of shade
1471:Guadalupe Mountains
696:Ponderosa pines at
396:western yellow-pine
78:Conservation status
4377:Symbols of Montana
3600:Linzer Biol. Beitr
3583:Linzer Biol. Beitr
3473:Farjon, A (2005).
3353:General references
2914:. Paonia, Colorado
2144:. pp. 49–57.
2142:Mountaineers Books
2096:"American Profile"
1694:In nuclear testing
1681:
1556:Clark's nutcracker
1497:
1387:
1015: Common name
1005:The subspecies of
702:
478:
402:, is a very large
4367:Flora of Oklahoma
4357:Flora of Nebraska
4294:
4293:
4158:Open Tree of Life
3726:Taxon identifiers
3613:Pinus benthamiana
3361:Chase, J. Smeaton
3337:. 14 October 2014
3335:State Symbols USA
2912:High Country News
2232:978-0-88192-974-4
2151:978-1-68051-329-5
2098:. March 13, 2021.
2076:on April 29, 2015
2026:"The identity of
1980:www.spokesman.com
1883:978-1-4027-3875-3
1642:is classed as a "
1629:western gall rust
1601:Atropellis canker
1530:Blue stain fungus
1406:Willamette Valley
1383:Custer State Park
1354:
1353:
1061:P. p. brachyptera
994:Willamette Valley
731:Pinus lambertiana
432:near present-day
375:
374:
328:Natural range of
283:P. ponderosa
121:
101:
16:(Redirected from
4394:
4287:
4286:
4274:
4273:
4261:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4238:
4237:
4225:
4224:
4212:
4211:
4199:
4198:
4186:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4153:
4152:
4140:
4139:
4127:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4104:
4103:
4091:
4090:
4088:NHMSYS0000461723
4078:
4077:
4065:
4064:
4052:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4029:
4028:
4016:
4015:
4003:
4002:
3990:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3967:
3966:
3954:
3953:
3941:
3940:
3928:
3927:
3915:
3914:
3902:
3901:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3875:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3849:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3804:
3803:
3791:
3790:
3778:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3721:
3713:photo database,
3659:
3646:
3637:
3624:
3607:
3590:
3569:
3567:
3542:
3497:
3488:
3469:
3456:
3443:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3394:
3377:pp. 16–18.
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3206:www.iucngisd.org
3198:
3192:
3191:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3025:Washington, D.C.
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2802:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2693:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2454:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2131:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2070:Montana Outdoors
2066:"Ponderosa Pine"
2061:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1999:Groover, Heidi.
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1909:. Archived from
1904:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1748:
1712:Nevada Test Site
1683:Cultivated as a
1648:invasive species
1617:Verticicladiella
1611:Polyporus anceps
1457:. Arizona pine (
1451:Mogollon Plateau
1379:P. p, scopulorum
1054:P. p. scopulorum
1012:
969:Pinus washoensis
898:P. p. scopulorum
747:
746:
742:
739:
726:Portland, Oregon
664:
663:
659:
656:
650:
649:
645:
642:
636:
635:
631:
628:
622:
621:
617:
614:
608:
607:
603:
600:
594:
593:
589:
586:
580:
579:
575:
572:
566:
565:
561:
558:
552:
551:
547:
544:
538:
537:
533:
530:
520:
519:
515:
512:
422:British Columbia
323:
303:
136:
135:
115:
112:
111:
95:
90:
89:
60:
46:
21:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4282:
4277:
4269:
4264:
4256:
4254:
4246:
4241:
4233:
4228:
4220:
4215:
4207:
4202:
4194:
4189:
4183:pinus-ponderosa
4181:
4179:
4173:Pinus_ponderosa
4171:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4148:
4145:Observation.org
4143:
4135:
4130:
4122:
4120:
4114:Pinus~ponderosa
4112:
4107:
4099:
4094:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4068:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4046:MichiganFlora:
4045:
4037:
4032:
4024:
4019:
4011:
4006:
3998:
3993:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3970:
3962:
3957:
3949:
3944:
3936:
3931:
3925:Pinus ponderosa
3923:
3918:
3910:
3905:
3897:
3892:
3884:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3860:Pinus_ponderosa
3858:
3853:
3845:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3819:
3817:
3809:
3807:
3801:pinus-ponderosa
3799:
3794:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3764:Pinus ponderosa
3762:
3761:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3734:Pinus ponderosa
3728:
3706:Pinus ponderosa
3699:Pinus ponderosa
3690:Pinus ponderosa
3682:Pinus ponderosa
3667:
3662:
3649:
3640:
3627:
3610:
3596:Pinus ponderosa
3593:
3572:
3545:
3523:10.2307/2805029
3500:
3491:
3485:
3472:
3459:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3426:
3402:Pinus ponderosa
3397:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3264:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3177:10.2307/3801036
3162:
3161:
3157:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3023:. Vol. 1.
3009:Pinus ponderosa
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2803:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2745:Pinus ponderosa
2740:
2739:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2694:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2654:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2599:Pinus ponderosa
2594:
2593:
2589:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2521:Pinus ponderosa
2516:
2515:
2508:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2455:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2331:Pinus ponderosa
2326:
2325:
2321:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2167:
2152:
2133:
2132:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2032:
2028:Pinus ponderosa
2023:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1831:Pinus ponderosa
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1801:Pinus ponderosa
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1755:Pinus ponderosa
1750:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1729:
1720:
1696:
1669:
1657:
1640:Pinus ponderosa
1637:
1606:dwarf mistletoe
1580:is affected by
1578:Pinus ponderosa
1575:
1512:Pinus ponderosa
1489:
1483:
1427:Rocky Mountains
1410:Okanagan Valley
1390:Pinus ponderosa
1371:
1364:
1362:
1047:P. p. ponderosa
1003:
992:, found in the
973:Pinus ponderosa
961:Pinus arizonica
935:Pinus ponderosa
908:Pinus ponderosa
883:Pinus ponderosa
858:Pinus ponderosa
837:Pinus ponderosa
815:critchfieldiana
811:Pinus ponderosa
801:Gila Wilderness
782:Pinus ponderosa
778:
754:
744:
740:
737:
735:
698:Quartz Mountain
690:
661:
657:
654:
652:
647:
643:
640:
638:
633:
629:
626:
624:
619:
615:
612:
610:
605:
601:
598:
596:
591:
587:
584:
582:
577:
573:
570:
568:
563:
559:
556:
554:
549:
545:
542:
540:
535:
531:
528:
526:
517:
513:
510:
508:
481:Pinus ponderosa
471:Pinus ponderosa
464:
448:Pinus ponderosa
418:Pinus ponderosa
379:Pinus ponderosa
371:
361:
351:
341:
330:Pinus ponderosa
314:
305:
301:Pinus ponderosa
299:
286:
130:
122:
113:
109:
102:
91:
87:
80:
66:Pinus ponderosa
50:Pinus ponderosa
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4400:
4398:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4299:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:wfo-0000481903
4275:
4262:
4252:
4239:
4226:
4213:
4200:
4187:
4177:
4167:
4154:
4141:
4128:
4118:
4105:
4092:
4079:
4066:
4053:
4043:
4030:
4017:
4004:
3991:
3981:
3968:
3955:
3942:
3929:
3916:
3903:
3890:
3877:
3864:
3851:
3838:
3825:
3815:
3805:
3792:
3779:
3769:
3754:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3702:
3694:
3685:
3677:
3666:
3665:External links
3663:
3661:
3660:
3647:
3638:
3625:
3608:
3606:(2): 999–1052.
3591:
3570:
3543:
3509:(4): 354–382.
3498:
3489:
3483:
3470:
3457:
3444:
3435:
3395:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3322:
3299:
3285:
3271:
3246:
3217:
3193:
3171:(2): 472–481.
3155:
3133:
3110:
3095:
3069:
3045:
2997:
2970:
2955:
2934:
2925:
2898:
2879:
2852:
2833:
2818:
2775:
2730:
2709:
2669:
2629:
2587:
2569:
2551:
2506:
2488:
2470:
2430:
2416:Riggs, Keith.
2408:
2384:
2353:
2319:
2301:
2286:
2271:
2253:
2238:
2231:
2213:
2190:
2165:
2150:
2101:
2087:
2064:Dickson, Tom.
2056:
2042:
2016:
1991:
1967:
1955:
1926:
1899:BSBI List 2007
1889:
1882:
1864:
1816:
1789:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1695:
1692:
1668:
1665:
1656:
1653:
1636:
1633:
1574:
1571:
1485:Main article:
1482:
1479:
1402:Niobrara River
1385:, South Dakota
1370:
1367:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:P. p. readiana
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1002:
999:
989:willamettensis
953:
952:
951:
950:
944:
943:
930:
929:
928:
927:
920:
919:
904:
903:
902:
901:
891:
890:
879:
878:
877:
876:
869:
868:
854:
853:
852:
851:
845:
844:
833:
832:
831:
830:
823:
822:
807:
806:
805:
804:
793:
792:
777:
774:
753:
750:
714:Michael Taylor
689:
686:
463:
460:
452:Charles Lawson
443:Pinus resinosa
400:filipinus pine
392:blackjack pine
384:ponderosa pine
373:
372:
362:
352:
342:
332:
325:
324:
316:
315:
306:
295:
294:
288:
287:
280:
278:
274:
273:
262:
258:
257:
246:
242:
241:
230:
226:
225:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
161:
160:
155:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
124:
123:
107:
104:
103:
85:
82:
81:
76:
73:
72:
62:
61:
53:
52:
26:
24:
18:Ponderosa Pine
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4399:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3589:(1): 129–202.
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3484:90-04-13916-8
3480:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3150:Bonanza Books
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3096:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3001:
2998:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:Jepson eFlora
2752:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2609:Jepson eFlora
2606:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2531:Jepson eFlora
2528:
2526:
2522:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1916:on 2015-06-26
1912:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1790:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:Sierra Nevada
1432:
1431:Cascade Range
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1359:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
990:
986:
980:
978:
974:
970:
964:
962:
958:
948:
947:
946:
945:
941:
940:
936:
932:
931:
924:
923:
922:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:
905:
899:
895:
894:
893:
892:
888:
884:
881:
880:
873:
872:
871:
870:
866:
863:
859:
856:
855:
849:
848:
847:
846:
842:
838:
835:
834:
827:
826:
825:
824:
820:
816:
812:
809:
808:
802:
797:
796:
795:
794:
790:
787:
783:
780:
779:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
751:
749:
733:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
699:
694:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
666:
524:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
486:
482:
476:
472:
468:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:
439:
438:David Douglas
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
413:
412:North America
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
370:
366:
360:
356:
350:
346:
340:
336:
331:
326:
322:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
296:
293:
292:Binomial name
289:
285:
284:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
267:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
251:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
235:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:Tracheophytes
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
125:
119:
105:
99:
94:
93:Least Concern
83:
79:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3733:
3705:
3698:
3689:
3681:
3672:
3655:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3629:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3558:(1): 53–57.
3555:
3551:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3474:
3465:
3461:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3413:
3407:
3401:
3365:
3339:. Retrieved
3334:
3325:
3313:. Retrieved
3302:
3288:
3274:
3263:. Retrieved
3259:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3233:
3220:
3209:. Retrieved
3205:
3196:
3188:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3148:. New York:
3145:
3136:
3123:
3104:
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3082:
3072:
3061:. Retrieved
3057:
3048:
3037:. Retrieved
3020:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2983:
2973:
2964:
2958:
2947:
2937:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2911:
2901:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2827:
2821:
2798:
2792:
2766:. Retrieved
2754:
2748:
2744:
2724:
2689:
2683:
2672:
2649:
2643:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2608:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2530:
2524:
2520:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2450:
2444:
2433:
2422:. Retrieved
2411:
2400:. Retrieved
2396:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2371:the original
2367:Mail Tribune
2366:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2340:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2265:
2247:
2241:
2222:
2216:
2136:
2090:
2080:February 18,
2078:. Retrieved
2074:the original
2069:
2059:
2050:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2019:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
1994:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:
1970:
1958:
1935:
1929:
1918:. Retrieved
1911:the original
1898:
1892:
1873:
1867:
1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1830:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1800:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1766:
1760:
1754:
1746:
1721:
1697:
1689:
1682:
1662:
1658:
1644:wilding pine
1639:
1638:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1552:Western pine
1543:Dendroctonus
1541:
1538:P. ponderosa
1537:
1533:
1525:
1516:caterpillars
1511:
1510:
1498:
1459:P. arizonica
1458:
1447:Mogollon Rim
1423:South Dakota
1389:
1388:
1378:
1369:Distribution
1360:
1356:
1355:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1007:P. ponderosa
1006:
1004:
988:
984:
981:
976:
972:
968:
965:
960:
957:Arizona pine
954:
938:
934:
911:
907:
897:
886:
882:
861:
857:
840:
836:
818:
814:
810:
785:
781:
762:P. ponderosa
761:
755:
729:
703:
700:Pass, Oregon
674:P. ponderosa
673:
671:
667:
505:Jeffrey pine
494:) tree. The
480:
479:
470:
447:
441:
417:
416:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
377:
376:
368:
365:P. ponderosa
364:
358:
355:P. ponderosa
354:
348:
345:P. ponderosa
344:
338:
335:P. ponderosa
334:
329:
300:
298:
282:
281:
269:
265:
261:Subsection:
253:
249:
237:
233:
221:
171:Gymnospermae
164:
151:
69:
65:
49:
43:
4196:kew-2562565
4070:NatureServe
3972:iNaturalist
3758:Wikispecies
3577:subsection
3429:12 November
3371:Eytel, Carl
3341:13 February
3311:. Slate.com
2990:20 November
2377:January 27,
2335:benthamiana
1782:12 November
1667:Cultivation
1625:needle cast
1622:Elytroderma
1439:Coast Range
1419:Black Hills
1414:Puget Sound
1377:Subspecies
786:brachyptera
483:is a large
462:Description
426:U.S. states
369:brachyptera
349:benthamiana
118:NatureServe
4301:Categories
4191:Plant List
3818:Calflora:
3658:: 217–219.
3636:: 176–187.
3579:Ponderosae
3455:: 144–170.
3265:2022-03-11
3211:2021-03-10
3063:2024-03-16
3039:2020-03-12
2895:: 655–671.
2868:(6): 646.
2849:: 126–132.
2787:USDA, NRCS
2768:January 9,
2749:washoensis
2678:USDA, NRCS
2638:USDA, NRCS
2622:January 9,
2544:January 9,
2439:USDA, NRCS
2424:2021-04-24
2402:2021-04-24
2346:January 9,
2160:1141235469
2010:2021-02-04
1985:2021-02-04
1920:2014-10-17
1843:31 January
1825:USDA, NRCS
1739:References
1595:Fomes pini
1583:Armillaria
1501:fire cycle
1455:New Mexico
977:washoensis
939:washoensis
912:scopulorum
770:subspecies
678:turpentine
501:subspecies
485:coniferous
430:Washington
359:scopulorum
270:Ponderosae
229:Subgenus:
177:Division:
3938:200005351
3912:200005351
3711:CalPhotos
3503:Brittonia
3239:March 10,
3088:April 19,
2918:March 28,
2603:ponderosa
1944:cite book
1809:18 August
1573:Pathology
1520:gelechiid
1433:, in the
1429:, in the
862:ponderosa
523:fascicles
492:evergreen
458:in 1949.
388:bull pine
363:yellow -
339:ponderosa
277:Species:
268:subsect.
254:Trifoliae
245:Section:
191:Pinopsida
181:Pinophyta
141:Kingdom:
70:ponderosa
4266:VicFlora
4255:VASCAN:
4248:24900205
4243:Tropicos
4170:PalDat:
4109:NSWFlora
4075:2.137495
4013:10195162
4000:307165-2
3855:eFloraSA
3808:BioLib:
3743:Wikidata
3539:32656015
3468:: 63–64.
3383:11004975
3363:(1911).
3144:(1953).
3031:(USFS),
3016:Conifers
2807:cite web
2789:(n.d.).
2725:Calflora
2698:cite web
2680:(n.d.).
2658:cite web
2640:(n.d.).
2582:Calflora
2564:Calflora
2525:pacifica
2459:cite web
2441:(n.d.).
2005:Inlander
1853:cite web
1827:(n.d.).
1727:See also
926:winters.
887:readiana
841:pacifica
766:forestry
752:Taxonomy
718:arborist
333:green -
312:C.Lawson
211:Pinaceae
207:Family:
98:IUCN 3.1
4057:MoBotPF
3951:5285053
3873:1061751
3842:Ecocrop
3749:Q460523
3709:in the
3652:Madroño
3531:2805029
3511:Bibcode
3462:Madroño
3449:Madroño
3391:3477527
3315:May 31,
3185:3801036
2874:2440143
2843:Madroño
2601:subsp.
2333:subsp.
1718:Culture
1710:of the
1698:During
1518:of the
1481:Ecology
1443:Arizona
1394:Kuchler
1347:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
916:Engelm.
885:subsp.
865:Douglas
860:subsp.
813:subsp.
789:Engelm.
784:subsp.
743:⁄
660:⁄
646:⁄
632:⁄
618:⁄
604:⁄
590:⁄
576:⁄
562:⁄
548:⁄
534:⁄
516:⁄
456:Montana
434:Spokane
367:subsp.
357:subsp.
353:blue -
347:subsp.
337:subsp.
308:Douglas
217:Genus:
201:Pinales
197:Order:
187:Class:
145:Plantae
116: (
114:Secure
96: (
68:subsp.
4204:PLANTS
4163:736900
4150:139173
4121:NZOR:
4062:285000
4026:183365
3899:150615
3796:ARKive
3788:116327
3775:184070
3772:APDB:
3537:
3529:
3481:
3389:
3381:
3202:"GISD"
3183:
3035:(USDA)
2872:
2229:
2158:
2148:
1880:
1708:Area 5
1685:bonsai
1677:bonsai
1627:, and
1469:, and
1463:Chisos
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
722:Oregon
408:native
343:red -
252:sect.
236:subg.
4317:Pinus
4235:13123
4180:PPE:
4132:NZPCN
4101:55062
4039:42401
4008:IRMNG
3984:IPA:
3977:48461
3964:28530
3920:FoAO2
3894:EUNIS
3886:PIUPO
3834:4J2F3
3673:Pinus
3575:Pinus
3552:Aliso
3535:S2CID
3527:JSTOR
3475:Pines
3230:(PDF)
3181:JSTOR
3128:(PDF)
2870:JSTOR
2747:var.
2523:var.
2208:(PDF)
2185:(PDF)
2033:(PDF)
1914:(xls)
1903:(xls)
1475:Texas
1467:Davis
1441:. In
1357:Notes
987:var.
985:P. p.
975:var.
937:var.
910:var.
839:var.
720:from
682:pitch
475:Idaho
398:, or
238:Pinus
222:Pinus
165:Clade
152:Clade
4258:7191
4217:POWO
4209:PIPO
4137:3088
4096:NCBI
4049:2871
4034:IUCN
4021:ITIS
3995:IPNI
3987:2217
3959:GRIN
3946:GBIF
3881:EPPO
3847:2545
3821:6521
3811:2334
3783:APNI
3479:ISBN
3431:2021
3414:2013
3387:OCLC
3379:LCCN
3343:2020
3317:2013
3241:2021
3090:2014
2992:2023
2920:2012
2813:link
2770:2018
2704:link
2664:link
2624:2018
2546:2018
2465:link
2379:2011
2348:2018
2227:ISBN
2156:OCLC
2146:ISBN
2082:2015
1950:link
1878:ISBN
1859:link
1845:2016
1811:2024
1784:2021
1767:2013
1655:Uses
1523:moth
1499:The
1412:and
819:novo
758:taxa
704:The
688:Size
496:bark
488:pine
404:pine
4279:WFO
4230:RHS
4083:NBN
3933:FoC
3907:FNA
3868:EoL
3829:CoL
3560:doi
3519:doi
3418:doi
3173:doi
2893:99B
1771:doi
1473:of
1421:of
760:of
473:in
310:ex
4303::
4281::
4268::
4245::
4232::
4219::
4206::
4193::
4160::
4147::
4134::
4111::
4098::
4085::
4072::
4059::
4036::
4023::
4010::
3997::
3974::
3961::
3948::
3935::
3922::
3909::
3896::
3883::
3870::
3857::
3844::
3831::
3798::
3785::
3760::
3745::
3656:15
3654:.
3634:27
3632:.
3621:98
3619:.
3604:28
3602:.
3587:23
3585:.
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3554:.
3550:.
3533:.
3525:.
3517:.
3507:17
3505:.
3466:18
3464:.
3453:31
3451:.
3412:.
3406:.
3385:.
3369:.
3333:.
3258:.
3232:.
3204:.
3187:.
3179:.
3169:51
3167:.
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3081:.
3056:.
3027::
3019:.
2982:.
2946:.
2910:.
2891:.
2866:52
2864:.
2847:16
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2757:.
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2154:.
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386:,
266:P.
250:P.
234:P.
167::
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651:–
648:4
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639:2
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627:+
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599:+
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592:4
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585:+
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550:2
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529:+
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