140:
120:
316:
is also present. Two of the most widely studied uses for luminescence in ponyfish are camouflage by ventral counterillumination and species-specific sexual dimorphism. The light organ systems of ponyfishes are highly variable across species and often between sexes.
300:. They also possess a highly integrated light organ in their throats that houses symbiotic bioluminescent bacteria that project light through the animal's underside. Typically, the harbored bacterium is only
291:
Ponyfishes are small and laterally compressed in shape, with a bland, silvery colouration. They are distinguished by highly extensible mouths, and the presence of a mechanism for locking the spines in the
1055:
Chakrabarty, P.; Davis, M.P.; Smith, W.L.; Berquist, R.; Gledhill, K.M.; Frank, L.R.; Sparks, J.S. (2011). "Evolution of the light organ system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)".
1192:
Sparks, J.S.; Chakrabarty, P. (2015). "Description of a new genus of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), with a review of the current generic-level composition of the family".
767:
McFall-Ngai, M.J.; Dunlap, P.V. (1984). "External and internal sexual dimorphism in leiognathid fishes: Morphological evidence for sex-specific bioluminescent signaling".
1354:
1380:
401:
986:"Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera"
569:
643:
1480:
1328:
1367:
440:
1117:
710:
1475:
505:
1432:
653:
1372:
1470:
985:
277:. They inhabit marine and brackish waters in the Indian and West Pacific Oceans. They can be used in the preparation of
139:
1289:
1276:
1385:
389:
818:
Kaeding, A.J.; Ast, J.C.; Pearce, M.M.; Urbanczyk, H.; Kimura, S.; Endo, H.; Nakamura, M.; Dunlap, P.V. (2007).
581:
388:
378:
390:
380:
1460:
1229:
820:"Phylogenetic Diversity and Cosymbiosis in the Bioluminescent Symbioses of "Photobacterium mandapamensis""
385:
216:
944:"Camouflage by Disruptive Illumination in Leiognathids, a Family of Shallow-Water, Bioluminescent Fishes"
681:
397:
392:
387:
1406:
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343:
381:
362:
1424:
1294:
393:
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398:
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1209:
1174:
1113:
1080:
1072:
1026:
1018:
963:
916:
908:
883:
Hastings, J.W. (1971). "Light to Hide by: Ventral
Luminescence to Camouflage the Silhouette".
865:
847:
792:
784:
706:
648:
618:
546:
475:
432:
419:
383:
1359:
1133:
R. Betancur-Rodriguez; E. Wiley; N. Bailly; A. Acero; M. Miya; G. Lecointre; G. Ortí (2017).
395:
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73:
1038:
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1092:
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470:
427:
225:
904:
701:
Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
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48:
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346:
329:
201:
151:
98:
42:
1213:
1178:
1084:
1030:
920:
869:
622:
349:. This clade contains 7 families which appear to have some relationship to
959:
796:
1246:
1107:
1013:
843:
686:
326:
297:
171:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
17:
1068:
595:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
483:
279:
103:
78:
729:
Haneda, Y.; Tsuji, F.I. (1976). "Luminescent systems of pony fishes".
1346:
161:
109:
1333:
1223:
119:
1419:
339:
1227:
409:
377:
1320:
1135:"Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes – Version 4"
361:. Other authorities have placed the family in the order
1106:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
1236:
642:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
984:Sparks, J.S.; Dunlap, P.V.; Smith, W.L. (2005).
570:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
8:
273:, are a small family of fishes in the order
1224:
705:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 186.
118:
31:
1168:
1158:
1012:
859:
612:
942:McFall-Ngai, M.J.; Morin, J.G. (1991).
560:
435:, 1904 (previously as replacement name
325:Leiognathidae is classified within the
824:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
634:
632:
1050:
1048:
979:
977:
597:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
7:
1425:865687AC-8E31-4450-FF0F-09E2FB7F7EB8
1112:(5th ed.). Wiley. p. 453.
762:
760:
724:
722:
672:
670:
644:"Genera in the family Leiognathidae"
338:, but they are placed in an unnamed
574:Bulletins of American Paleontology
304:, but in the two ponyfish species
25:
1005:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00067.x
138:
1481:Extant Eocene first appearances
948:Journal of Experimental Biology
654:California Academy of Sciences
531:Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2015
1:
905:10.1126/science.173.4001.1016
314:Photobacterium mandapamensis
743:10.1002/jmor.1976.150.2.539
1497:
306:Photopectoralis panayensis
1206:10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.2
1160:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
614:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
302:Photobacterium leiognathi
249:
244:
231:
224:
135:Scientific classification
133:
126:
117:
34:
1476:Ray-finned fish families
1139:BMC Evolutionary Biology
690:. February 2015 version.
680:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
781:10.1002/jmor.1051820105
342:which sits outside the
703:Encyclopedia of Fishes
682:"Family Leiognathidae"
332:by the 5th edition of
310:Photopectoralis bindus
1407:Paleobiology Database
1057:Journal of Morphology
960:10.1242/jeb.156.1.119
769:Journal of Morphology
731:Journal of Morphology
640:Eschmeyer, William N.
580:: 560. Archived from
568:Sepkoski, J. (2002).
365:alongside the family
234:Leiognathus argenteus
128:Eubleekeria splendens
844:10.1128/AEM.02212-06
1471:Bioluminescent fish
1151:2017BMCEE..17..162B
1109:Fishes of the World
897:1971Sci...173.1016W
891:(4001): 1016–1017.
836:2007ApEnM..73.3173K
335:Fishes of the World
1069:10.1002/jmor.10941
373:Timeline of genera
1448:
1447:
1394:Open Tree of Life
1230:Taxon identifiers
1119:978-1-118-34233-6
830:(10): 3173–3182.
712:978-0-12-547665-2
649:Catalog of Fishes
550:
532:
522:
509:
496:
479:
466:
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363:Chaetodontiformes
256:
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16:(Redirected from
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271:slimys / slimies
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108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
27:Family of fishes
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287:Characteristics
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1200:(2): 181–190.
1184:
1125:
1118:
1098:
1063:(6): 704–721.
1044:
999:(4): 305–327.
973:
954:(1): 119–137.
934:
875:
810:
756:
737:(2): 539–552.
718:
711:
693:
678:Froese, Rainer
666:
628:
607:(2): 001–230.
587:
584:on 2011-07-23.
559:
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527:Photolateralis
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510:
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367:Chaetodontidae
355:Monodactylidae
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239:Lacépède, 1802
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182:Actinopterygii
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2:
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1461:Leiognathidae
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1282:Leiognathidae
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1269:
1268:Leiognathidae
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1238:Leiognathidae
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359:Priacanthidae
356:
352:
351:Acanthuroidei
348:
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311:
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259:Leiognathidae
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212:Leiognathidae
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55:
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35:Leiognathidae
33:
30:
19:
1237:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1145:(162): 162.
1142:
1138:
1128:
1108:
1101:
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1056:
996:
992:
951:
947:
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888:
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878:
827:
823:
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775:(1): 71–83.
772:
768:
734:
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702:
696:
685:
657:. Retrieved
647:
604:
600:
590:
582:the original
577:
573:
563:
535:
525:
512:
499:
482:
469:
465:Fowler, 1904
459:
455:Fowler, 1904
449:
436:
428:Deveximentum
426:
413:
408:
333:
324:
313:
309:
305:
301:
290:
278:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
250:
232:
226:Type species
211:
127:
29:
1342:iNaturalist
1262:Wikispecies
659:18 November
501:Leiognathus
489:Chakrabarty
461:Eubleekeria
415:Aurigequula
344:superfamily
275:Perciformes
192:Perciformes
1455:Categories
993:Cladistics
555:References
514:Nuchequula
267:slipmouths
263:ponyfishes
217:T. N. Gill
198:Suborder:
112:to Present
41:56–0
1466:Percoidei
1077:1097-4687
1023:1096-0031
968:0022-0949
913:0036-8075
852:0099-2240
789:1097-4687
451:Equulites
347:Percoidea
330:Percoidei
298:anal fins
251:see text
202:Percoidei
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
1247:Wikidata
1214:25947728
1179:28683774
1085:21433053
1039:53063530
1031:34892969
921:17796582
870:17369329
805:23956409
751:91711575
687:FishBase
623:25543675
541:Sparks,
506:Lacepède
437:Secutor
327:suborder
321:Taxonomy
208:Family:
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
18:Ponyfish
1253:Q634284
1194:Zootaxa
1170:5501477
1147:Bibcode
1093:9331522
929:5680392
893:Bibcode
885:Science
861:1907103
832:Bibcode
797:6492170
601:Zootaxa
519:Whitley
484:Karalla
476:Rüppell
280:bagoong
245:Genera
188:Order:
178:Class:
1438:125542
1412:266300
1399:563241
1373:168797
1360:114864
1212:
1177:
1167:
1116:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1037:
1029:
1021:
966:
927:
919:
911:
868:
858:
850:
803:
795:
787:
749:
709:
621:
549:, 2005
545:&
543:Dunlap
521:, 1932
508:, 1802
495:, 2008
493:Sparks
491:&
478:, 1835
443:, 1848
441:Gistel
433:Fowler
422:, 1918
420:Fowler
405:Genera
357:, and
294:dorsal
261:, the
219:, 1893
110:Eocene
1433:WoRMS
1420:Plazi
1386:30846
1355:IRMNG
1347:52729
1308:6259Q
1089:S2CID
1035:S2CID
989:(PDF)
925:S2CID
801:S2CID
747:S2CID
547:Smith
471:Gazza
340:clade
1381:NCBI
1368:ITIS
1334:4283
1329:GBIF
1321:5300
1290:BOLD
1210:PMID
1198:3947
1175:PMID
1114:ISBN
1081:PMID
1073:ISSN
1027:PMID
1019:ISSN
964:ISSN
917:PMID
909:ISSN
866:PMID
848:ISSN
793:PMID
785:ISSN
707:ISBN
661:2020
619:PMID
605:3882
308:and
296:and
49:PreꞒ
1316:EoL
1303:CoL
1295:492
1277:AFD
1202:doi
1165:PMC
1155:doi
1065:doi
1061:272
1009:hdl
1001:doi
956:doi
952:156
901:doi
889:173
856:PMC
840:doi
777:doi
773:182
739:doi
735:150
609:doi
578:364
269:or
1457::
1435::
1422::
1409::
1396::
1383::
1370::
1357::
1344::
1331::
1318::
1305::
1292::
1279::
1264::
1249::
1208:.
1196:.
1173:.
1163:.
1153:.
1143:17
1141:.
1137:.
1087:.
1079:.
1071:.
1059:.
1047:^
1033:.
1025:.
1017:.
1007:.
997:21
995:.
991:.
976:^
962:.
950:.
946:.
923:.
915:.
907:.
899:.
887:.
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