355:(French National Academy of Medicine) issued this public statement (translated to English): âIt is established that the vaporette is less dangerous than the cigarette⊠It is therefore preferable for a smoker to vape. Since 2016, the High Authority for Health (HAS) considers it âas an aid to stop or reduce the consumption of tobacco by smokers.â SantĂ© Publique France indicates that at least 700,000 smokers have quit using electronic cigarettes. ...Smokers who were about to switch to vaporizing instead of tobacco should not hesitate...â
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usually in concentrations smaller than conventional cigarettes. Studies done to date have been small in size and have had significant methodological flaws, making drawing any definitive conclusions about their ability to aid in smoking cessation impossible. The report concluded that "indiscriminate use" of e-cigarettes is a public health risk and they may encourage young people to start smoking, and therefore advocate regulation of e-cigarettes as a medicine and encourage smoking cessation through other more established means.
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medicine they recommend to choose the least unsafe tobacco product and they stated transitioning to only using e-cigarettes is better than smoking combustible ones. The
American Cancer Society concluded in early 2014, "Because the American Cancer Society doesnât yet know whether e-cigarettes are safe and effective, we cannot recommend them to help people quit smoking. There are proven methods available to help people quit, including pure forms of inhalable nicotine as well as nasal sprays, gums, and patches."
203:(TGA) of Australia stated in 2014 that "the quality and safety of electronic cigarettes is not known" due to the lack of studies, unlike conventional nicotine replacement therapies, and lists possible risks involved with buying or using electronic cigarettes. They also state, "The Australian Government is concerned about the use of electronic cigarettes in Australia. The impact of wide-scale use of these devices on tobacco use is not known, and the outcome in the community could be harmful."
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tobacco", and that "the available evidence to date indicates that e-cigarettes are being used almost exclusively as safer alternatives to smoked tobacco, by confirmed smokers who are trying to reduce harm to themselves or others from smoking, or to quit smoking completely". The RCP report stated that: "in the interests of public health it is important to promote the use of e-cigarettes, NRT and other non-tobacco nicotine products as widely as possible as a substitute for smoking in the UK".
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for harm reduction if smokers use them as substitutes for cigarettes. However, although firm evidence is lacking, there are concerns that e-cigarette use and acceptance of e-cigarettes has the potential to renormalize smoking behavior, sustain dual use, and initiate or maintain nicotine addiction. Their use also could serve as a gateway to reinitiation of smoking by ex-smokers. Unregulated e-cigarette use also has the potential to erode gains in smoking cessation and smoke-free laws."
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Lung
Association issued a warning, saying "E-cigarettes are not safe and can cause irreversible lung damage and lung disease. No one should use e-cigarettes or any other tobacco product. This message is even more urgent today following the increasing reports of vaping-related illnesses and deaths nationwide." On November 19, 2019, the American Medical Association urged for a complete ban on all types of vaping products that are not approved by the US FDA as quitting smoking aids.
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651:(AAP) recommends against e-cigarettes for quitting smoking and stated among adolescents, e-cigarette use is related with reduced quitting smoking. They also support increasing the legal age for sale of tobacco products including e-cigarettes to 21, since, according to the AAP, "80% of smokers began smoking prior to age 18 while adolescence is a period in which people are particularly susceptible to the addictive nature of nicotine." In 2015, the
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aren't otherwise ready or able to quit smoking by providing them with much safer alternatives to smoked tobacco. It is important that regulation does not stifle the development of this market nor make accessing these products by smokers more difficult. However, the current safeguards are insufficient to ensure that these products are as safe as nicotine replacement therapy and to ensure that they are not marketed to non-smokers and children."
72:. Reasons for hesitancy include challenges ensuring that quality control measures on the devices and liquids are met, unknown second hand vapour inhalation effects, uncertainty about EC use leading to the initiation of smoking or effects on people new to smoking who develop nicotine dependence, unknown long-term effects of electronic cigarette use on human health, uncertainty about the effects of ECs on smoking regulations and
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e-cigarettes can contain dangerous substances and can cause short term airway irritation and may be harmful in long term use, and the effects on second hand exposure causing harm cannot be ruled out. The report also concluded that the e-cigarettes, whether it contains nicotine or not, can alleviate cravings and withdrawal symptoms, but their ability to help quit smoking has not been proven.
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e-cigarettes are estimated to be 95% less harmful than smoking. In a policy statement released with the report, Public Health
England said that "PHE looks forward to the arrival on the market of a choice of medicinally regulated products that can be made available to smokers by the NHS on prescription." The studies used to support the 95% estimate were viewed as having a weak methodology.
486:(RCGP) stated in 2016 that "although the long-term safety profile of EC use is still to be evaluated, it is accepted that vaping is an order of magnitude safer than conventional tobacco." The RCGP recommended, among other things, that "Where a patient wants to quit smoking, and has not succeeded with other options, GPs should recommend and support the use of ENDS."
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levels not associated with health risk. The current best estimate is that e-cigarette use carries only around 5% of the risk of smoking. E-cigarettes are still fairly new and we wonât have a full picture on their safety until they have been in use for many years, so it will be important to continue to monitor the evidence as it develops."
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for smokers who switch to vaping." and recommends "encourages smokers who want to use vaping products to quit smoking to seek the support of local stop smoking services". In 2016 they stated, "There is a lack of clarity about long-term health risks to users and the potential adverse effects on non-users exposed to e-cigarette vapour."
531:(FDA) stated that "Although ENDS may potentially provide cessation benefits to individual smokers, no ENDS have been approved as effective cessation aids." They also stated that "Although ENDS likely do not deliver the same level of toxicants as cigarettes, studies show that there are dangers associated with ENDS use".
456:(BMA) stated in 2016 for e-cigarettes to be banned in public places such as bars, cafes, restaurants, museums and schools over concern for second-hand vapor. The BMA reported in 2013 that there was a possibility for smoking cessation benefits, but had concerns that e-cigarettes are less regulated than
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It noted that "E-cigarettes either do not contain or have lower levels of several tobacco-derived harmful and potentially harmful constituents compared with cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. In comparison with NRTs, e-cigarette use has increased at an unprecedented rate, which presents an opportunity
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In 2014, the FDA concluded, "E-cigarettes have not been fully studied, so consumers currently donât know: the potential risks of e-cigarettes when used as intended, how much nicotine or other potentially harmful chemicals are being inhaled during use, or whether there are any benefits associated with
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In April 2016, the RCGP issued a report that concluded: "e-cigarettes appear to be effective when used by smokers as an aid to quitting smoking", that "the hazard to health arising from long-term vapour inhalation from the e-cigarettes available today is unlikely to exceed 5% of the harm from smoking
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The UK National Health
Service concluded in November 2014, "While e-cigarettes may be safer than conventional cigarettes, we donât yet know the long-term effects of vaping on the body. There are clinical trials in progress to test the quality, safety and effectiveness of e-cigarettes, but until these
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has reviewed the evidence around e-cigarettes and has stated, "The long-term health risks associated with vaping products are still unknown but evidence suggests that they are much lower than the risks associated with tobacco smoking. As such it is expected that health risks will reduce significantly
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In
January 2020 the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners updated their advice on smoking cessation, stating that "for people who have tried to achieve smoking cessation with approved pharmacotherapies but failed, but who are still motivated to quit smoking and have brought up e-cigarette
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states, "While use of e-cigarettes may be safer than smoking tobacco, so far there is limited evidence to support their effectiveness as aids in smoking cessation. There are also safety issues to consider and the long-term effects are unknown." This guideline recommends physicians steer patients away
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In May 2018, the Forum of
International Respiratory Societies released a position statement, stating "ENDS are devices that deliver aerosols of nicotine and other volatile chemicals to the lung. Their use has rapidly escalated among youths and they are now the most commonly used tobacco product among
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can help people quit smoking and made various recommendations as to a suitable regulatory framework for them. Smokers should be encouraged to use approved methods for help with quitting, but the same report also noted that experts indicate that e-cigarettes may have a role in helping some smokers who
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In 2014 the UK's
National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training, which provides training and accreditation to NHS "stop smoking practitioners", issued a new guideline downplaying concerns and stating that smoking cessation professionals should support e-cigarette users, though they remain unable
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released a position statement which states, "There is growing evidence that e-cigarettes containing nicotine assist adult smokers to quit smoking tobacco. E-cigarettes pose fewer risks than tobacco and reduce the userâs exposure to numerous toxicants present in tobacco." and that "Adult smokers have
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has stated, "While early studies show some potential benefits, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes with nicotine as a smoking cessation device is not fully conclusive," and expressed concerns about the lack of long-term studies with regard to health effects to the user as well as second-hand exposure.
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issued a statement saying "In light of increasing reports of e-cigarette-associated lung illnesses across the country, the AMA urges the public to avoid the use of e-cigarette products until health officials further investigate and understand the cause of these illnesses." The next day the
American
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released a policy statement in which they noted that "current evidence evaluating the efficacy of these products as a cessation aid is sparse, confined to 2 randomized controlled trials and 1 large cross-sectional study, anecdotal reports, and
Internet-based surveys." The statement stated "there is
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released a statement including, "Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are almost certainly much safer than tobacco cigarettes and may help smokers to cut down or quit smoking. We support the use of high quality e-cigarettes because we believe that they have significant potential to help smokers who
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recognizes that there are potential benefits from the use of e-cigarettes but raises concerns that their effectiveness is not yet proven, that e-cigarettes are less effective than nicotine replacement therapy, concerns regarding dual usage of e-cigarettes and tobacco, concerns regarding advertising
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supports every smoker using any way they choose who are contemplating trying to quit smoking and in 2018 they stated to use FDA regulated medicine that have a track record of effectively helping efforts to stop smoking. For some smokers who do not try to quit smoking cigarettes using FDA regulated
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issued a new position statement on nicotine vaping: âThe
Ministry considers vaping products could disrupt inequities and contribute to Smokefree 2025. The evidence on vaping products indicates they carry much less risk than smoking cigarettes but are not risk free. Evidence is growing that vaping
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released a joint position statement in 2014 that stated, "The limited evidence available points to a risk that widespread electronic cigarette use could undo the decades of public policy work in Australia that has reduced the appeal of cigarette use in children" and the "short and long term health
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associated medical associations in the United States, Latin America, Africa, Europe, and Asia, released a statement in which they argued that e-cigarettes have not been demonstrated to be safe and their benefits as a smoking cessation tool or in harm reduction has not been adequately studied. They
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for the effectiveness of vaping for quitting smoking is "scant and of low certainty". Healthcare organizations in the United Kingdom in 2015 have encouraged smokers to try e-cigarettes to help them quit smoking and also encouraged e-cigarette users to quit smoking tobacco entirely. In 2016, the US
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Medical organizations differ in their views about the health implications of vaping and avoid releasing statements about the relative toxicity of electronic cigarettes because of the many different device types, liquid formulations, and new devices that come onto the market. Some healthcare groups
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stated in 2012, "Currently, little scientific evidence exists to show that e-cigarettes are effective cessation devices" and "Further research is needed on the health risks of e-cigarettes, but available evidence suggests harmful effects. They recommend to local health departments to advocate for
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The Spanish Society of Pneumonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) released a position statement which states that the substances found in aerosol from e-cigarettes have not been demonstrated to be safe, and a number of chemicals which are carcinogens and can damage the lung have been found, though
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released a statement saying that there has been little evidence published about the health effects of electronic cigarettes, including whether they help quit smoking. The statement concluded that the available evidence does not support those who advocate for their use either as tools to help quit
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Jimenez Ruiz, CA; Solano Reina, S; de Granda Orive, JI; Signes-Costa Minaya, J; de Higes Martinez, E; Riesco Miranda, JA; Altet GĂłmez, N; Lorza Blasco, JJ; Barrueco Ferrero, M; de Lucas Ramos, P (August 2014). "The electronic cigarette. Official statement of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and
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in Germany released a report in 2013 stating that e-cigarettes cannot be considered safe, in part due to technical flaws that have been found as well as unreliable information about product quality, including information provided by manufacturers. This report concluded the fluids and aerosols in
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released a statement which stated, "Due to the lack of rigorous chemical and animal studies, as well as clinical trials on commercially available e-cigarettes, neither their value as therapeutic aids for smoking cessation nor their safety as cigarette replacements is established. Lack of product
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released a statement asserting that the benefits and safety of e-cigarettes have not been scientifically proven. The statement highlighted concerns with regards to "re-normalization" of smoking behavior and exposure of third parties to possibly dangerous emissions from e-cigarettes, and strongly
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advice page on smoking said "E-cigarettes are not risk free, but on current evidence they carry a fraction of the risk of smoked tobacco. As well as nicotine, e-cigarette liquid and vapour can contain toxic substances, although these are either at lower levels than seen in cigarette smoke or at
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Some consider that the PHE report's specific number is flawed and confusing, by making opinions at odds with existing knowledge. Despite this, most other health organizations have been more cautious in their public statements on the safety of e-cigarettes. For example, the FDA reported that the
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Regional Office for Europe issued a report stating, "There is conclusive evidence that: Completely substituting electronic nicotine and non-nicotine delivery systems for combustible tobacco cigarettes reduces usersâ exposure to numerous toxicants and carcinogens present in combustible tobacco
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report reiterated the approximation that e-cigarettes are 95% less harmful than smoking. In a 2015 joint statement, Public Health England and twelve other UK medical bodies concluded "e-cigarettes are significantly less harmful than smoking." A 2015 Public Health England report stated that
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argued that the FDA should begin its regulatory oversight of electronic cigarettes, because otherwise, "there is no way for the public health, medical community or consumers to know what chemicals are contained in e-cigarettes or what the short and long term health implications might be."
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states in relation to the Tobacco and Vaping Products Act which became law on May 23, 2018, that "vaping is less harmful than smoking. Many of the toxic and cancer-causing chemicals in tobacco and the tobacco smoke form when tobacco is burned." They further state that "vaping products and
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effects of electronic cigarette use remain unknown." They also consider claims that e-cigarettes can help quit smoking as "unsubstantiated" and urge "extreme caution on electronic cigarettes" while urging significant regulations of both nicotinic and non-nicotinic electronic cigarettes.
1097:"Deeming Tobacco Products To Be Subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as Amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Restrictions on the Sale and Distribution of Tobacco Products and Required Warning Statements for Tobacco Products"
136:, found "there is not enough research to quantify the relative risk of ENDS/ENNDS over combustible products. Therefore, no specific figure about how much 'safer' the use of these products is compared to smoking can be given any scientific credibility at this time."
59:
and then tobacco. There is concern among tobacco control academics and advocates that prevalent universal vaping "will bring its own distinct but as yet unknown health risks in the same way tobacco smoking did, as a result of chronic exposure", among other things.
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Bam, T. S.; Bellew, W.; Berezhnova, I.; Jackson-Morris, A.; Jones, A.; Latif, E.; Molinari, M. A.; Quan, G.; Singh, R. J.; Wisotzky, M. (1 January 2014). "Position statement on electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems ".
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But in 2022, French health body le Haut Conseil de la santé publique (HCSP) changed its advice, and now says health professionals should not recommend e-cigarettes for quitting, as there is not enough information on risks and benefits.
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is unclear. Many in the public health community acknowledge the potential for their quitting smoking and decreasing harm benefits, but there remains a concern over their long-term safety and potential for a new era of users to get
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called for e-cigarettes to be subject to the same FDA regulations as tobacco and nicotine products. The Association extended this policy in 2014, and endorsed measures aimed at preventing marketing of e-cigarettes to minors.
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using these products. Additionally, it is not known whether e-cigarettes may lead young people to try other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes, which are known to cause disease and lead to premature death."
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Bals, Robert; Boyd, Jeanette; Esposito, Susanna; Foronjy, Robert; Hiemstra, Pieter S.; Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A.; Katsaounou, Paraskevi; Lindberg, Anne; Metz, Carlos; Schober, Wolfgang; Spira, Avrum; Blasi, Francesco (2019).
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Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; McRobbie, Hayden; Butler, Ailsa R.; Lindson, Nicola; Bullen, Chris; Begh, Rachna; Theodoulou, Annika; Notley, Caitlin; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Turner, Tari; Fanshawe, Thomas R.; Hajek, Peter (2021-09-14).
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557:(NIOSH) states that users of e-cigarettes are exposed to many different types of chemical compounds, very small particles, and hazardous metals. Chemicals emitted in e-cigarette aerosols can include carcinogens such as
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Ferkol, Thomas W.; Farber, Harold J.; La Grutta, Stefania; Leone, Frank T.; Marshall, Henry M.; Neptune, Enid; Pisinger, Charlotta; Vanker, Aneesa; Wisotzky, Myra; Zabert, Gustavo E.; Schraufnagel, Dean E. (2018).
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said âProhibitive policies that treat vaping in the same way as smoking simply continue to expose people to tobacco harm and run the risk of missing out on the massive public health prize represented by vaping.â
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can help people to quit smoking. There is no international evidence that vaping products are undermining the long-term decline in cigarette smoking among adults and youth, and may in fact be contributing to it.â
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issued a report that found e-cigarettes expose users and bystanders to harmful chemicals, there is no scientific evidence they help smokers quit, they are being heavily marketed, and teen use is growing rapidly.
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to provide information to help quit smoking, did not recommend the use of e-cigarettes, saying "The bottom line is that we just donât know enough about e-cigs, so we donât recommend that you use them".
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and young people and finally concerns regarding e-cigarettes undermining "decades of lobbying by public health related organisations" that led to the "smoking ban and tobacco control legislation".
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stated that "The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term." Following hundreds of possible cases of severe
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479:(NICE) guideline in 2013 recommended licensed nicotine replacement therapy as part of a program for harm reduction, but did not recommend e-cigarettes as they are unregulated.
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They also note public health officials' concerns about renormalizing smoking behavior undermining current tobacco control as well as being a gateway for nicotine addiction and
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testing does not permit the conclusion that e-cigarettes do not produce any harmful products even if they produce fewer dangerous substances than conventional cigarettes."
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concluded there is insufficient evidence to recommend e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, and recommended clinicians instead recommend more proven smoking cessation aids.
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stated that "The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term." However, in 2020 the
104:(FDA) stated that "Although ENDS may potentially provide cessation benefits to individual smokers, no ENDS have been approved as effective cessation aids." In 2019 the
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have failed to quit by other means. The report stated that "Smokers will obtain the maximum health benefit if they completely quit both tobacco and nicotine use."
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adolescents. Initiation of electronic cigarette use is strongly associated with the subsequent initiation of combustible tobacco product use among adolescents."
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Bhatnagar, A.; Whitsel, L. P.; Ribisl, K. M.; Bullen, C.; Chaloupka, F.; Piano, M. R.; Robertson, R. M.; McAuley, T.; Goff, D.; Benowitz, N. (24 August 2014).
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not yet enough evidence for clinicians to counsel their patients who are using combustible tobacco products to use e-cigarettes as a primary cessation aid."
539:
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McRobbie, Hayden; Bullen, Chris; Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; Hajek, Peter; McRobbie, Hayden (2014). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction".
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and policy makers have hesitated to recommend e-cigarettes with nicotine for quitting smoking, despite some evidence of effectiveness (when compared to
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released a statement noting that further research was needed regarding the regulation of electronic cigarettes. The statement also called on the FDA
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113:
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Drope, Jeffrey; Cahn, Zachary; Kennedy, Rosemary; Liber, Alex C.; Stoklosa, Michal; Henson, Rosemarie; Douglas, Clifford E.; Drope, Jacqui (2017).
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policy position statement recommendations included banning flavoring, taxation of tobacco products to encompass e-cigarettes, and regulations of
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179:(now known as Vital Strategies) applauded the 2014 WHO report's recommendation for tighter regulation of e-cigarettes due to concerns about the
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boards were considering reviewing their ban on e-cigarette use on hospital grounds, after 'new evidence showed they can help smokers quit'.
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Many vigorously criticized the validity of the estimate that vaping is 95% less harmful than smoking. It was also criticized by the journal
565:, as well as various organic compounds that are irritating to the lung. Among flavoring compounds emitted in some e-cigarette aerosols are
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2691:"AACR, ASCO, Two Leading U.S. Cancer Organizations, Call for Regulation of E-cigarettes and Other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems"
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1900:"The tobacco-using periodontal patient: role of the dental practitioner in tobacco cessation and periodontal disease management"
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577:, a devastating lung disease in workers. Additionally there is also a risk of burns following spontaneous combustion of the
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usage with their healthcare practitioner, nicotine-containing e-cigarettes may be a reasonable intervention to recommend."
626:
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Gualano, Maria Rosaria; Passi, Stefano; Bert, Fabrizio; La Torre, Giuseppe; Scaioli, Giacomo; Siliquini, Roberta (2015).
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stated on September 6, 2019, that people should consider not using vaping products while their investigation is ongoing.
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1851:"Key issues surrounding the health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and other sources of nicotine"
706:"Electronic cigarettes: assessing the efficacy and the adverse effects through a systematic review of published studies"
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stated that while this investigation is ongoing, people should consider not using e-cigarette products. In 2016, the US
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50:. The public health community is divided over whether to support e-cigarettes, because their safety and efficacy for
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from e-cigarettes to "more established" methods of smoking cessation until safety and efficacy are established.
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409:. It was later discovered that many of the authors who came up with the "95% safer" assertion have ties to the
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42:. There is concern among public health experts that e-cigarettes could renormalize smoking, weaken measures to
2163:
1505:
1278:"Electronic cigarette use in youths: a position statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies"
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Some have advocated bans on e-cigarette sales and others have suggested that e-cigarettes may be regulated as
2779:
Biyani, Sneh; Derkay, Craig S. (2017). "E-cigarettes: An update on considerations for the otolaryngologist".
2417:"Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions"
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e-cigarettes deliver nicotine in a less harmful way than smoking, and may reduce health risks for smokers".
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are complete, the government canât give any advice on them or recommend their use." In December 2015, the
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states "e-cigarettes are not supported as an alternative to smoking or to facilitate smoking cessation."
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has concluded, e-cigarettes "have not been scientifically proven to help people quit" smoking tobacco.
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for constructing its conclusions on 'flimsy' evidence, which included citing literature with apparent
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Franck, Caroline; Filion, Kristian B.; Kimmelman, Jonathan; Grad, Roland; Eisenberg, Mark J. (2016).
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has also taken a strong position against the use of electronic cigarettes, citing safety concerns.
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On September 9, 2019, following an upsurge of reports of lung disease associated with vaping, the
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1057:"Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS/ENNDS)"
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2021:"A Comparative Health Risk Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes"
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Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) on the efficacy, safety and regulation of electronic cigarettes".
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now advises hospitals to let patients vape indoors - and even in bed. The director of the
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In early 2015, Smokefree.gov, a website run by the Tobacco Control Research Branch of the
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Couch, Elizabeth T.; Chaffee, Benjamin W.; Gansky, Stuart A.; Walsh, Margaret M. (2016).
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access to quality-controlled e-cigarettes/e-liquid and tobacco smoking cessation advice.
2718:"Clinical Practice Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke"
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1368:"WMA Statement on Electronic Cigarettes and Other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems"
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919:. Framework Convention Alliance on Tobacco Control. 13â18 October 2014. Archived from
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McNeill, A; Brose, LS; Calder, R; Hitchman, SC; Hajek, P; McRobbie, H (August 2015).
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in the United States and Europe are primarily concerned with the possible effect of
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2441:. Tobacco Control Research Branch of the National Cancer Institute. Archived from
2300:. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 28 April 2016. Archived from
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1145:"Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society"
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2533:"Electronic Cigarettes: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association"
2227:"Doctors call for e-cigarette ban in public places over 'passive vaping' fears"
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In July 2014, a WHO report found there was not enough evidence to determine if
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401:
2800:
2746:
2076:
2046:
1980:
1923:
1876:
1817:
1303:
1170:
976:
881:
822:
731:
3044:
3019:
3003:
2016:
722:
705:
152:
2808:
2754:
2737:
2673:
2568:
2064:
2037:
1998:
1941:
1884:
1835:
1708:
1350:
1311:
1178:
1039:
994:
899:
840:
739:
644:
to regulate all e-cigarettes that meet the definition of tobacco products.
2905:"State Health Officer's Report on E-Cigarettes: A Community Health Threat"
2886:. National Association of County and City Health Officials. Archived from
1342:
27:
Positions of the scientific community with regard to electronic cigarettes
3064:
3059:
3054:
570:
2916:
172:
supported regulation of electronic cigarettes, preferably as medicines.
3029:
2966:
2298:"Nicotine products can help people to cut down before quitting smoking"
1957:"Cardiovascular Perspective of the Promises and Perils of E-Cigarettes"
1867:
1850:
1773:"E-cigarettes: a new foundation for evidence-based policy and practice"
1722:
McNeill, A; Brose, LS; Calder, R; Bauld, L; Robson, D (February 2018).
872:
228:
7 reported deaths in the US associated with vaping-induced lung illness
2824:"AMA urges public to avoid e-cigarette use amid lung illness outbreak"
2664:
2647:
2079: by Jinsong Chen, Chris Bullen, and Kim Dirks available under the
1915:
1030:
797:"Ethical considerations of e-cigarette use for tobacco harm reduction"
183:
and the possible increased nicotine or tobacco addiction among youth.
2608:"American Cancer Society Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes"
2442:
1546:"Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), including E-cigarettes"
1196:"Outbreak of Lung Illness Associated with Using E-cigarette Products"
523:
Following five confirmed deaths in the US, on September 6, 2019, the
2864:"AMA calls for total ban on all vaping products not approved by FDA"
2716:
Farber, H. J.; Walley, S. C.; Groner, J. A.; Nelson, K. E. (2015).
2648:"Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2015: Summary of Revisions"
2366:"Vape shops open on NHS hospital sites, in bid to stub out smoking"
1898:
Chaffee, Benjamin W.; Couch, Elizabeth T.; Ryder, Mark I. (2016).
1724:"Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products 2018"
18:
Positions of medical organizations regarding electronic cigarettes
2503:"AMA Strengthens Position on Regulation of Electronic Cigarettes"
2485:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2166:, "Evidence for best practice within NHS Stop Smoking Services";
2025:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1593:. Food and Drug Administration of the Philippines. Archived from
1209:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3084:
3079:
3049:
3034:
1635:"ELECTRONIC NICOTINE AND NON-NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A BRIEF"
1453:. Cancer Council Australia, Heart Foundation of Australia. 2014.
680:
regulation as a tobacco product to the extent allowable by law.
2920:
430:
761:. Heart and Stroke Foundation. September 2014. Archived from
156:
recommended banning their use, or regulation as medicines or
1621:"Medical association urges local gov'ts to ban e-cigarettes"
2327:"To vape or not to vape? The RCGP position on e-cigarettes"
1569:. Cancer Society of New Zealand. June 2011. Archived from
1331:
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
914:"FCA Policy briefing Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems"
417:
potential health risks of using e-cigarettes are unclear.
2196:"People who want to quit smoking should consult their GP"
1234:. World Health Organization. 21 July 2014. pp. 1â13.
169:
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
677:
National Association of County and City Health Officials
2910:. California Department of Public Health. January 2015.
2168:
NCSCT Final Report on their first 3 years to March 2012
2147:"Five Scottish health boards review e-cigarette policy"
856:"E-cigarettes for the management of nicotine addiction"
2881:"Regulation of Electronic Cigarettes ("E-Cigarettes")"
2781:
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
1548:. New Zealand Ministry of Health. 2014. Archived from
114:
five confirmed deaths associated with vaping in the US
2622:"What about electronic cigarettes? Aren't they safe?"
2583:"American Lung Association Statement on E-Cigarettes"
2476:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
759:"Heart and Stroke Foundation: E-cigarettes in Canada"
555:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
160:
if not banned, until adequate studies are performed.
2839:"American Lung Association: Do Not Use E-Cigarettes"
2273:"Cancer Research UK Briefing: Electronic Cigarettes"
1787:
1785:
501:
shops in 2019 in conjunction with a ban on smoking.
234:
stated on September 18, 2019, that they reiterate a
87:
but with less nicotine content or be regulated as a
3134:
3093:
3012:
2954:
2774:
2772:
1778:. Public Health England. 19 August 2015. p. 5.
1741:"E-cigarettes: an emerging public health consensus"
1500:
1498:
1496:
1078:"E-cigarettes: an emerging public health consensus"
76:measures, and uncertainty about involvement of the
2866:. American Medical Association. 19 November 2019.
2393:. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
2010:
2008:
1487:Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
477:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2344:"Nicotine without smoke: Tobacco harm reduction"
2338:
2336:
2247:"E-cigarettes not proven quitting aid, says BMA"
495:Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
2329:. Royal College of General Practitioners. 2016.
1588:"Consumer Information on Electronic Cigarettes"
1137:
1135:
1080:. UK: Public Health England. 15 September 2015.
316:Food and Drug Administration of the Philippines
132:(WHO) for the Conference of the Parties to the
3152:Effects of nicotine on human brain development
2419:. United States Preventive Services Task Force
1798:The Journal of the American Dental Association
782:"WHO Right to Call for E-Cigarette Regulation"
464:evidence concerning their safety or efficacy.
2932:
2875:
2873:
1564:"Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes"
1323:
1321:
953:"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation"
609:Another statement released that month by the
8:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2385:
2383:
2123:. UK National Health Service. Archived from
1681:
1679:
1677:
1465:"AMA Backs Strong Response to Vaping Deaths"
540:United States Preventive Services Task Force
149:Forum of International Respiratory Societies
2685:
2683:
2585:. American Lung Association. 25 August 2014
2321:
2319:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1582:
1580:
1445:
1443:
1370:. World Medical Association. Archived from
1243:
1241:
1010:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
957:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
854:Bullen, Chris; Knight-West, Oliver (2016).
134:WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
2939:
2925:
2917:
2602:
2600:
2497:
2495:
2198:. Faculty of Public Health. Archived from
1451:"Position Statement Electronic Cigarettes"
1416:
1414:
1391:
1389:
1362:
1360:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1200:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1190:
1188:
1091:
1089:
1087:
525:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
118:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2736:
2663:
2624:. American Cancer Society. Archived from
2610:. American Cancer Society. February 2018.
2558:
2548:
2346:. Royal College of Physicians. 2016-04-28
2054:
2036:
1988:
1931:
1866:
1825:
1729:. UK: Public Health England. p. 175.
1522:. Canadian Cancer Society. Archived from
1293:
1160:
1051:
1049:
1029:
984:
889:
871:
830:
812:
776:
774:
772:
753:
751:
749:
721:
128:In August 2016, a report produced by the
3111:List of vaping bans in the United States
1761:. UK: Public Health England. p. 76.
784:. World Lung Federation. 26 August 2014.
634:American Association for Cancer Research
2822:Harris, Patrice A. (9 September 2019).
696:
3121:2019â2020 vaping lung illness outbreak
2391:"Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes)"
1229:"Electronic nicotine delivery systems"
1121:
1110:
685:California Department of Public Health
484:Royal College of General Practitioners
68:or e-cigarettes without nicotine) and
2837:Wimmer, Harold (September 10, 2019).
1662:. German Cancer Research Center. 2013
1657:"Electronic Cigarettes â An Overview"
1483:"RACGP endorses vaping for cessation"
638:American Society of Clinical Oncology
7:
945:
943:
941:
573:, which NIOSH has linked to causing
444:A 2015 policy statement by the UK's
1855:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
1422:"e-Cigarettes: a safe way to quit?"
3116:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
3106:Positions of medical organizations
1756:"E-cigarettes: an evidence update"
1743:. UK: Public Health England. 2015.
1424:. NPS MedicineWise. Archived from
1399:. Therapeutic Goods Administration
1262:10.1097/01.COT.0000453432.31465.77
860:Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation
25:
293:Ministry of Health of New Zealand
283:Ministry of Health of New Zealand
3211:Medical and health organizations
3170:
3169:
2480:
2472:"Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace"
2075: This article incorporates
2070:
1794:"The changing tobacco landscape"
1204:
238:for the use of vaping products.
201:Therapeutic Goods Administration
2826:. American Medical Association.
2101:. Are e-cigarettes safe to use?
1107:(90): 28974â29106. 10 May 2016.
422:English National Health Service
319:smoking or for harm reduction.
2368:. Daily Telegraph. 9 July 2019
2278:. Cancer Research UK. May 2014
2225:Mark Chandler (23 June 2016).
2164:UCL Research Impact case study
2015:Chen, Jinsong; Bullen, Chris;
1508:. Health Canada. 27 June 2018.
1469:Australian Medical Association
1022:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub2
969:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub6
659:associated with e-cigarettes.
653:American College of Physicians
649:American Academy of Pediatrics
507:UK Vaping Industry Association
353:Académie Nationale de Médecine
324:Philippine Medical Association
232:Australian Medical Association
1:
1973:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308723
1619:Uy, Jocelyn (July 19, 2013).
1506:"Smoking, vaping and tobacco"
1066:. August 2016. pp. 1â11.
627:American Diabetes Association
460:(NRT), and that there was no
371:German Cancer Research Center
303:Cancer Society of New Zealand
206:A 2014 practice guideline by
46:, and serve as a gateway for
3070:R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company
2793:10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.12.027
2550:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107
1701:10.1016/j.arbres.2014.02.006
1689:Archivos de Bronconeumologia
1623:. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
1282:European Respiratory Journal
1149:European Respiratory Journal
664:American Medical Association
591:American Medical Association
529:Food and Drug Administration
458:nicotine replacement therapy
336:European Respiratory Society
151:, which represents multiple
106:European Respiratory Society
102:Food and Drug Administration
95:(WHO) report found that the
66:Nicotine Replacement Therapy
2251:British Medical Association
1295:10.1183/13993003.00278-2018
1162:10.1183/13993003.01151-2018
642:Center for Tobacco Products
454:British Medical Association
441:to prescribe e-cigarettes.
266:Heart and Stroke Foundation
3227:
2999:Composition of the aerosol
1810:10.1016/j.adaj.2016.01.008
1256:(15): 49â50. August 2014.
599:American Heart Association
575:obliterative bronchiolitis
3165:
2843:American Lung Association
2121:"Stop smoking treatments"
1955:Bhatnagar, Aruni (2016).
1064:World Health Organization
814:10.1186/s12931-016-0370-3
611:American Lung Association
563:polyaromatic hydrocarbons
547:National Cancer Institute
340:World Health Organization
188:World Medical Association
130:World Health Organization
93:World Health Organization
2478:. CDC. 16 November 2016.
710:Journal of Public Health
671:State and local agencies
446:Faculty of Public Health
216:Cancer Council Australia
3025:Dragonite International
2232:London Evening Standard
2185:, accessed 1 March 2015
2095:"Electronic cigarettes"
1397:"Electronic cigarettes"
619:American Cancer Society
259:Canadian Cancer Society
2738:10.1542/peds.2015-3108
2038:10.3390/ijerph14040382
236:precautionary approach
181:safety of e-cigarettes
74:smoke free legislation
3206:Electronic cigarettes
2948:Electronic cigarettes
2183:Electronic cigarettes
1343:10.5588/ijtld.13.0815
723:10.1093/pubmed/fdu055
647:In October 2015, the
503:Public Health England
493:Two hospitals run by
407:conflicts of interest
393:Public Health England
186:In October 2012, the
177:World Lung Foundation
167:In January 2014, the
141:electronic cigarettes
3013:Brands and companies
2974:Environmental impact
2628:on 23 September 2014
1961:Circulation Research
1471:. 18 September 2019.
801:Respiratory Research
597:In August 2014, the
271:tobacco use disorder
147:In August 2014, the
57:addicted to nicotine
36:electronic cigarette
32:scientific community
2893:on 6 November 2014.
2505:. AMA. 10 June 2014
2445:on 17 December 2015
2397:on 17 November 2014
2304:on 19 November 2015
2214:Full statement, PDF
2153:. 25 December 2015.
2127:on 21 December 2015
1904:Periodontology 2000
1600:on 28 December 2013
1573:on 7 November 2014.
1489:. January 28, 2020.
1202:. 6 September 2019.
519:Government agencies
433:reported that five
97:scientific evidence
48:smoking among youth
3157:Nicotine marketing
3147:Nicotine poisoning
1868:10.3322/caac.21413
1526:on 8 December 2015
1374:on 8 December 2015
1120:Unknown parameter
873:10.2147/SAR.S94264
657:emission standards
553:In late 2016, the
469:Cancer Research UK
3193:
3192:
2665:10.2337/dc15-S003
2543:(16): 1418â1436.
2253:. 30 January 2013
2181:, NCSCT briefing
1967:(12): 1872â1875.
1916:10.1111/prd.12120
585:Medical societies
89:medicinal product
16:(Redirected from
3218:
3173:
3172:
3142:Flavored tobacco
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2740:
2731:(5): 1008â1017.
2722:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2697:. 8 January 2015
2687:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2658:(38): S4. 2015.
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2499:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2176:
2170:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2074:
2068:
2058:
2040:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1870:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1683:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1428:on 19 March 2017
1418:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1297:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1248:"E-Cigarettes".
1245:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1164:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1101:Federal Register
1093:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1016:(12): CD010216.
1005:
999:
998:
988:
947:
936:
935:
933:
931:
925:
918:
910:
904:
903:
893:
875:
851:
845:
844:
834:
816:
792:
786:
785:
778:
767:
766:
755:
744:
743:
725:
701:
567:2,3-pentanedione
411:tobacco industry
220:Heart Foundation
208:NPS MedicineWise
158:tobacco products
85:tobacco products
78:tobacco industry
52:quitting smoking
21:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3161:
3130:
3089:
3008:
2950:
2945:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2530:
2529:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2481:
2470:
2469:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2205:
2203:
2202:on 15 June 2016
2194:
2193:
2189:
2177:
2173:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1685:
1684:
1675:
1665:
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1659:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1420:
1419:
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1400:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1119:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1007:
1006:
1002:
963:(9): CD010216.
949:
948:
939:
929:
927:
926:on 6 March 2016
923:
916:
912:
911:
907:
853:
852:
848:
794:
793:
789:
780:
779:
770:
757:
756:
747:
703:
702:
698:
694:
673:
587:
581:in the device.
579:lithium battery
521:
516:
389:
380:
367:
349:
332:
312:
279:
248:
197:
126:
44:control tobacco
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3224:
3222:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Health effects
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
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