735:, about a then-impending nationwide set of demonstrations (called by ANSWER), begin their discussion with a scathing critique of the views of Workers World, IAC, and (by implication) ANSWER. Describing IAC as an "extremely energetic antiwar group" and laying out its relationship to ANSWER, Clark, and Workers World (which they call "WWP"), they declare, "WWP holds many views that we find abhorrent. It considers North Korea 'socialist Korea'... a fantastic distortion of the reality of one of the most rigid dictatorships in the world. IAC expresses its solidarity with Slobodan Milosevic. ... o champion Milosevic is grotesque. The ANSWER website provides an IAC backgrounder on Afghanistan that refers to the dictatorial government that took power in that country in 1978 as 'socialist' and says of the Soviet invasion the next year: the 'USSR intervened militarily at the behest of the Afghani revolutionary government'... In none of IAC's considerable resources on the current Iraq crisis is there a single negative word about Saddam Hussein. There is no mention that he is a ruthless dictator. (This omission is not surprising, given their inability to detect any problem of dictatorship with the Soviet-backed regime in Afghanistan.)..."
950:
and
Germany were opposed to the war and it would have been difficult for their governments had they failed to reflect those sentiments in policy. France's position in particular has been very much maligned within the U.S. After the first UN resolution, France advised the U.S. that it (the USA) had sufficient UN support to launch a war and that it (the USA) need not return to the UN for a second resolution. Nonetheless, the U.S. and the UK did push for a second resolution (to help Mr. Blair gain support for the war within the UK) and France reversed its earlier positions, unable then to agree to what was proposed. The French government took the position that the UN inspection process should be allowed to be completed.
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for what they don't say. That is, they won't praise Saddam
Hussein from the podium, but nor will they utter a critical word about him. However, as long as other speakers can and do express positions with a different point of view, the overall impact of the event will still be positive, particularly in the absence of other options. Most of the people at the demonstration will in fact be unaware of exactly who said what and whether any particular speaker omitted this or that point. What they will experience will be a powerful antiwar protest. And most of the public will see it that way too."
717:. Drawing on that party's tight organization, ANSWER attracted an estimated 8,000 people to their first major action, an "Anti-War, Anti-Racist" rally and march in Washington, D.C., primarily in protest of the then impending invasion of Afghanistan. This rally occurred on September 29, 2001, a mere 18 days after the September 11 attacks. This rally happened several hours after the first national protest against the war, an unpermitted march of 2,000 through the streets of Washington which had been organized by the Anti-Capitalist Convergence.
521:. An international anti-war movement began to arise; in the U.S. and other countries whose governments enacted legislation analogous to the PATRIOT act, it was equally a movement in protest of what were perceived on the left to be assaults on civil liberties and immigrant rights. This movement constituted a loose coalition of groups united in their opposition to U.S. military campaigns in the Middle East. Most prominent in the ranks of the movement were leftists;
502:" and said that she was "greatly concerned that we are about to engage in an extremely hazardous military campaign of unknown duration, with unrealistic objectives and perhaps even ultimately harmful long-term consequences for our nation", adding, "Already there is growing disquiet in the Muslim world that the U.S. is poised to turn its terrorist campaign into a war against Islam." Indian leftist writer
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506:, writing on September 29, strongly condemned both the attackers who had "blown a hole in the world as we knew it" and Bush for reacting by going to war against Afghanistan: "President Bush's ultimatum to the people of the world – 'If you're not with us, you're against us' – is a piece of presumptuous arrogance. It's not a choice that people want to, need to, or should have to make."
25:
926:. By February 2003, the public reaction to the Bush administration actions over Iraq had changed America's image utterly. Instead of being seen in a positive light, the United States under Bush was seen as a 'bully' determined to force the international community to accept its demand for a war against Iraq, and if necessary ignore the international community in the
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the constituent groups in their aim to build a mass-movement to prevent wars in the context of the War on
Terrorism, but diversity in the sense that constituent groups were free to develop their own political analysis and local activities. Over the next two years, the Stop the War Coalition organised a series of mass demonstrations in London, together with the
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482:. A much larger segment (though still a minority) of the left (both in the U.S. and elsewhere) concurred with the clear majority of Muslims that a military attack on Afghanistan was not the correct answer to the September 11 events. This anti-war view was even more widespread among both leftists and Muslims with respect to the later attack on Iraq.
529:; and Arabs and Muslims, including, but by no means limited to, Islamists. Most commentary focuses on the "anti-war movement" in the singular, although in many ways it could be argued that there is a plurality of different anti-war movements, who may not have anything in common with each other beyond their shared opposition to U.S. foreign policy.
930:. Hence, an estimated 100,000 people took part in an anti-war march in Dublin (the organisers had expected 20,000) with demands being made that the United States be refused permission to use Shannon Airport as a stop over point when flying their soldiers from the United States to countries bordering Iraq. Yet opinion polls showed that the Irish
449:, called the attacks, "above all a stupendous crime", but also wrote, "America's best defence against terrorism originating from abroad remains the existence of governments and societies more or less satisfied with American even-handedness on issues which are important to them. Plainly, this is furthest from the case in the Muslim world."
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push its specific positions on NION to the degree that IAC does on ANSWER", pointing out the contrast between the contents of the respective organizations' web sites: "he NION website and its public positions have no connection to the sometimes bizarre views of the RCP. The case for participating in NION events is stronger than for
466:(D-California) dissenting. In a lengthy interview explaining her dissent, Lee pointed to her professional training as a social worker and remarked, "Right now, we're dealing with recovery, and we're dealing with mourning, and there's no way... ... deal with decisions that could escalate violence and spiral out of control."
968:, including the UK's foreign intelligence services, did not believe that American actions would help to end terror, and believed that they would actually increase the ranks and capabilities of terrorist groups; some believed that during the war and immediate post-war period there would be a greatly increased risk that
1056:, Taheri writes "In this month's election for a new European Parliament, voters in several European Union countries, notably France and Britain, are offered common lists of Islamist and leftist candidates... Europe's moribund extreme Left has found a new lease on life thanks to hundreds of young Muslim militants..."
991:). Though few doubt that nuclear and WMD proliferation is a serious threat to stability and well-being, many felt that a war in Iraq would not aid in eliminating this threat and that the real reason was to secure control over the Iraqi oil fields (at a time when arguably links with Saudi Arabia were at risk).
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in which she warned against the antisemitism that seemed to plague their own camp. It was an attack on her fellow leftists for turning a blind eye at what she characterized as the clearly anti-leftist character of some parts of their rallies and demonstrations. The article essentially accused certain
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I felt we should stop putting our head in the sand, saying that these are only fringe effects and therefore 'none of our concern', which leads us to just condemn them and do nothing more... They explained to me that the slogan 'Bush and Sharon are murderers' is not antisemitism but anti-Zionism. But
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is from Carlos the Jackal, a terrorist himself. As discussed above, leftists widely condemned the
September 11 attacks, although some differed from those to their right by contextualizing the attacks in terms of what they see as comparable or worse acts of imperialist violence. More typical examples
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The commonly articulated reasons included: a belief that the UN process (including Hans Blix's inspections) should be allowed to reach its natural conclusion, an aversion to
America's neo-con bellicosity, a belief that the threat posed by Iraq was being exaggerated, a preference for multilateralism,
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The movement (or movements) included an enormous variety of groups and individuals that could not be categorised as "left" in any conventional terms, who had a variety of reasons for opposition to the invasion of
Afghanistan and later of Iraq. In addition to the many non-leftist Arabs and Muslims in
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in the next demonstration as a message of peace and solidarity with Israel's right to exist. As a result, she received threats and an urged meeting of the Green Party decided to forbid party activists to carry any national flag. Fillipetti honored the decision, but said that anti-war protests were
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Such 'anti-Bush' and anti-war sentiments were reflected in many western
European countries, generally with the populace less sympathetic to the U.S. stance even when politicians in a given country (e.g. the UK and Spain) aligned themselves with the U.S. position. The general populations of France
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are bigger in many
European countries than in the U.S., they influenced the movement. (5%–10% for France, 3.7% for Germany, 1.3% for Greece, according to the CIA World Factbook). There has been an organised Muslim component in many European anti-war rallies, reflecting widespread opposition to the
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has been one source of discontent that has served as an excuse to
Islamic fundamentalists to commit acts of violence. Even as the U.S. downscales its presence and existing bases (e.g. Saudi Arabia), it is not clear that the U.S. presence in Iraq will be anything but de-stabilising because many in
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Despite these origins, Albert and Shalom see NION in a rather different light than ANSWER—and this goes far to explain the list of endorsements by prominent members of the U.S. Left. Albert and Shalom acknowledge the broad endorsements of the "eloquent and forceful" pledge and write, "RCP does not
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Finally, they discuss how they expect these politics will and will not affect the demonstration: "IAC demonstrations... have programs skewed in the direction of IAC politics, but without excluding alternative voices. In general, the IAC speakers will not be offensive so much for what they say, but
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was formed within weeks of the 9/11 attacks. The coalition rallied political groups around three main principles: condemnation and rejection of both the War on
Terrorism and the 9/11 attacks ; opposition to the erosion of civil rights and the racist backlash that followed 9/11 ; unity of
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Another argument against the Afghanistan invasion was that war would bring unnecessary suffering on the people of Afghanistan and that it was not the most effective way to dislodge or isolate al-Qaida: that in fact it would inflate their importance and gain them recruits. Similarly, in the case of
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There was widespread and passionate support for the U.S. in Europe after the September 11 attacks, and little opposition to the invasion of Afghanistan and moves against the Al'Qaeda network. However, a large anti-war movement began to develop when the American government started agitating for an
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NION was founded a full six months after ANSWER, as it was becoming clear that the U.S.'s military response to September 11 would not stop with Afghanistan. Despite its wide endorsements, NION's origins too gave pause to some on the left. Quoting again from the same article by Albert and Shalom,
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of leftists working in anti-war coalitions with Muslims would be the membership of American Muslims for Jerusalem in UFPJ or of the Muslim Student Association, American Muslims for Global Peace, and Atlanta Masjid of Al-Islam in ANSWER. These are Muslim groups, but they are not Islamist groups.
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Albert and Shalom go on to discuss the quandary this presents for people like them opposed to the war: "If there were another large demonstration organized by forces more compatible with the kinds of politics espoused by other antiwar activists, including ourselves, then we would urge people to
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The third major U.S. group, UFPJ, founded around the time Albert and Shalom were writing, has been generally exempt from such accusations of sectarianism. Motivated no doubt in part by some of the same issues raised by Albert and Shalom, UFPJ has been, from the start, a broad coalition of
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terrorist known as "Carlos the Jackal" to the effect that "Islam is the only force capable of persuading large numbers of people to become 'volunteers' for suicide attacks against the US", and directly quoting him, "Only a coalition of Marxists and Islamists can destroy the US."
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coalition", argues Taheri, "does not offer a coherent political platform. Its ideology is built around three themes: hatred of the United States, the dream of wiping Israel off the map, and the hoped-for collapse of the global economic system." Taheri also claims that the
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for "his strong statement... about finding and punishing the perpetrators of this atrocity." Three days after the attacks, Congress passed a resolution authorizing President Bush to use force against "those responsible". The Senate voted 98–0, the House 420–1, with only
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The immediate, worldwide reaction to the attacks was widely described at the time as "shock". No national government claimed responsibility or connection to the attacks. Indeed, the governments most associated with Islamism sought to distance themselves from the attacks.
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was banned from speaking at a February 16, 2003 anti-war rally in San Francisco, less than a month before the U.S. invaded Iraq. It was generally believed that this was done at ANSWER's behest, because Lerner had been critical of what he perceives as ANSWER's
638:, culminating in the largest demonstration in British history on 15. February 2003, with 1–2 million demonstrators. Although the Stop the War Coalition includes a broad range of political groups, it is often criticised because of the strong influence of the
439:, "The attacks must be condemned without reservation. But we must be certain to recognize that these are probably the work of frustrated and alienated human beings hemmed in by forces that are anonymous and that could only be embodied by these structures."
701:
ANSWER was one of the first U.S. left groups to form after the September 11 attacks in order to express dissent from the nascent "War on Terror". With the U.S. left divided on the merits of military action against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the
1309:. He called that "the big treason of the French Left, which came as a shock to the Jews who used to see the Left as their true friend". These accusations have generated great controversy, particularly because they come from within the Left itself.
915:, Ireland declared an unprecedented full national day of mourning for the victims. The reaction was two-fold: horror at the deaths but also a strong degree of sympathy for the United States, whom Ireland saw as a friend, particularly after
498:, speaking on September 24, acknowledged that "We must find and hold accountable all those who perpetrated those most terrible crimes against our nation and its people", but denounced what she saw as impending "suspensions of fundamental
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prefer that one. And there is no doubt we should be working to build alternative organizational structures for the antiwar movement that are not dominated by IAC. But at the moment the ANSWER demonstration is the only show in town."
720:
Notwithstanding their organizational ability, Workers World's role in ANSWER and ANSWER's role in the movement were (and are) controversial, both on the left and elsewhere. In a typical example of a critique from within the left,
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Elected officials generally identified as being on the U.S. "left" also joined in strongly condemning the attacks, in this case almost universally without pointing out a context. For example, the day after the attack, Senator
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On September 11, 2001 a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States killed approximately 3000 people. These attacks appear to have been carried out by a small group of individuals who formed part of the
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and Chairman of the Senior Ulama, said, "Hijacking planes, terrorizing innocent people and shedding blood constitute a form of injustice that can not be tolerated by Islam, which views them as gross crimes and sinful acts."
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was morally wrong though Saddaam Hussein was widely seen as a violent dictator. Many people condemned the latter war because they doubted U.S. and other claims about Saddam's relation to al-Qaida, about his possession of
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events. It still makes overwhelming sense to build better antiwar coalitions, but in the meantime supporting NION activities promotes an antiwar message that we support, with relatively little compromise of our views."
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and would soon oppose the invasion of Iraq, voted to authorize military action against Afghanistan, although he would later characterize it as a "disaster", a "nightmare", and "counterproductive". U.S. Representative
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members of the French left of being hypocrites (for allegedly tolerating the same kind of racist behavior that they were protesting against), and, as such, it came as a major shock and sparked much controversy.
278:
Although which of his programs constitute part of this "war" have has never been formally articulated, the term appears to embrace at least two major Bush administration initiatives: a set of changes to U.S.
1095:(PCF) "commissioned a study of the possibilities of electoral alliances with Muslim organizations." He does not say that these Muslim organizations were Islamists or that anything ever came of the study.
1044:, view portions of the anti-war movement in Western Europe as "an alliance between the radical Left and hard-line Islamists." In an article published in a somewhat edited version on June 10, 2004 in the
906:
The scale of the change in attitudes in Europe between 9/11 and late 2002 was astonishing, with the enormous goodwill and support of the immediate 9/11 period having been greatly eroded. Changes in the
987:
Perhaps the most commonly heard criticism, at least outside of the U.S., was that the Bush Administration's reason for going to war with Saddam was to gain control over Iraqi natural resources (i.e.,
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outside, red inside)." He points to a similar alliance of the French Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) and Workers' Struggle (LO) with radical Islamists. "Are these not the new slaves?" he quotes
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and prefiguring what would be a widespread concern for the left worldwide: "...the crime is a gift to the hard jingoist right, those who hope to use force to control their domains." Similarly, from
423:
On the left, condemnation of the attacks was equally general, although often including (even in the days immediately after the attack) condemnation of ostensibly related aspects of U.S. policies.
1501:"International Reaction – The 09-11-2001 Attacks on the USA With Archived News, Images, Photos, & Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on New York City & the Pentagon"
1063:, he discusses the membership of its steering committee: "18 come from various hard Left groups: communists, Trotskyites, Maoists, and Castroists. Three others belong to the radical wing of the
478:, although as of 2002, al-Qaida responsibility for the attacks may have been a minority view in majority-Muslim countries, though not among Muslims in the U.S. A small segment of the population
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rulers and al-Qaida. However, various leftists opposed the Afghanistan invasion and the subsequent invasion of Iraq on the following grounds: pacifism; belief that the war was illegal under
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622:. However this view was mostly rejected by those on the left, who generally rejected the doctrine that the world is divvied up in to civilisations with fundamentally opposed cultures.
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the Muslim world resent the "infidel" presence in the Middle East, using this as a means of inciting the disenfranchised in their populations to violence. On the other hand, a stable
1342:
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Some have speculated that European countries were against a war because of a resurgence of "anti-American" sentiment. Contributing to these feelings were the positions taken by the
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and Palestinian flags. "It was a violent event" she recalls. "I said to myself that if I would carry the flags of Israel and Palestinian, I then would face some serious troubles."
557:. These latter groups sometimes participated in the same demonstrations with other opponents of the war, but seldom were actively involved in any of the same organized coalitions.
658:. Some of the most prominent organizations began by opposing the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan. Others formed only after the Afghanistan invasion and after Bush's January 29, 2002
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802:, ... an organization with a gruesome record of violently targeting other progressive groups. For the RCP, freedom doesn't include the right of a minority to dissent (this is a
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sentiments were expressed at most of these anti-war protests in Europe. Some rallies even turned into violent events, with attacks on police, shops and passers-by, such as the
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without formal backing from any state (though there were and are suspicions that Al-Qaida was aided and funded by several Arab/Muslim countries). Following them U.S. president
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427:'s statement in the immediate wake of the attacks begins by condemning this "major atrocit" and "horrendous crime", but also by contextualizing it in terms of the
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Within a few weeks after September 11, it became clear that two major prongs of the Bush administration's "war on terrorism" were to be a set of changes to U.S.
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1079:(who he describes as "leader of the French Trotskyites"), "Is it not natural that they should unite with the working class to destroy the capitalist system?"
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into action. They also point to what they perceive as the ineffectiveness of Bush's strategy for actually reducing terrorism and the lack of any link between
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ANSWER attracted significant numbers to their rallies, but acquired few formal endorsements. In contrast, the list of early endorsers of NION's spring 2002
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and many newspapers in the Arab world—for example the Islamist opposition press in Egypt—openly celebrated the September 11 attacks. Moreover, states like
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politics. Lerner, though irked that NION and UFPJ did not stand up for his inclusion as a speaker, continued to encourage people to attend the rally.
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said, "We completely condemn this serious operation... We were completely shocked..." Many, though, considered those reactions as hypocrisy, since
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it had United Nations approval. What they would not support was a non-UN-sanctioned war declared in defiance of the UN by the Bush administration.
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values of the left and all "leftist" values in general. He clearly implies that this coalition could go on to embrace terrorism, paraphrasing
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could have a stabilising influence. Clearly, there was a gamble there, and only the post-war period will prove which viewpoint was correct.
957:, the terrorist group that attacked the U.S., expressed puzzlement that the U.S. would consider military action against Iraq and not against
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correspondent Sefi Handler, she criticized some of her fellow French left-wingers for creating an anti-Israeli atmosphere which encourages
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The groups have collaborated at times on events, although collaboration has not always been easy. In perhaps the most infamous incident,
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described the attack as "vicious and horrifying... acts of unspeakable cruelty... a massive tragedy for America", and commended
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administration on international issues: for example, American policies on global warming and environmental protection, on the
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a belief that war might just "serve as a recruiting sergeant for Al-Qaida", and fear of the "fog of war" i.e. the
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However, a 2004 Pew poll showed that in Europe, favourability ratings are much higher for Jews than for Muslims.
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Parallel to the controversy over the flags, Filipetti published an article in the left-oriented French newspaper
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for me, when you burn the flag of Israel, it is antisemitism. The meaning is the delegitimation of Israel's
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Many Islamists and Arabs, and a few leftists, saw the military campaigns as battles in a religious war—a
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were often set on fire. In one case, the inflammatory atmosphere led to a serious case of violence: two
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practiced by successive American governments culminating in the Bush administration and especially the
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1606:"Statement by Senator Edward M. Kennedy on the Terrorist Attacks in New York and Washington, D.C."
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The left was somewhat fragmented with respect to the invasion of Afghanistan. U.S. Representative
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Antisemitic and anti-Israeli slogans in anti-war protests and Pro-Palestinian protests in the USA
2056:"A Year After Iraq War: Summary of Findings – Pew Research Center for the People & the Press"
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the later invasion of Iraq, many felt that Iraq was not a threat to the United States and that a
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has been cited by commentators such as Taheri in questioning the anti-war groups' commitment to
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groups in opposition to perceived U.S. or Israeli imperialism, alliances between leftists and
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in the run-up to the invasion of Iraq). There was also an uneasy relationship with explicitly
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campaign, often because of Arab/Muslim solidarity. In some groups, such as the British
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Allegations of anti-Americanism and anti-Semitism within the European anti-war movement
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Some observers, being then unconvinced that Iraq's secular government had any links to
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Walsh, Edward (November 20, 2003). "Kucinich Denounces U.S. Tactics in Afghanistan".
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the war was widespread in Europe. Many were angered by what was seen as a stubborn
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anti-war groups; and with certain political fringe groups, such as the followers of
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in Paris, was among the organizers of the demonstration. In an interview she gave
887:, on pre-emptive attack, and what has long been perceived as a policy of stubborn
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are relatively unusual, and Taheri's sole example of a leftist actually praising
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government, declared, "We denounce this terrorist attack, whoever is behind it."
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Taheri clearly views this alliance with Islamists as compromising traditional
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Anti-Israeli slogans and acts, allegedly most often chanted and committed by
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president, said he felt "deep regret and sympathy with the victims." Shaykh
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as proof that Bush was merely using the atrocities as an excuse to put the
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reads like a Who's Who of the U.S. left, ranging from celebrities such as
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wrote that the French Left seems to hold a double standard: opposing
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1736:"The Office of Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney Special Order Remarks"
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are an example of this. In the aftermath of the destruction of the
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1673:"Poll: Muslims call U.S. 'ruthless, arrogant' – February 26, 2002"
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Within days of the September 11 events, it was widely agreed that
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Many of those on the left and others who would come to oppose the
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on February 15, 2003. The largest of these rallies were in Rome,
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were known for long-year funding of terrorist networks such as
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was widely seen on the left as threatening confrontation with
412:. Also, Al-Qaida training camps were operating undisturbed in
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groups who charged that the war was being waged on behalf of
1694:"Hamilton College – Muslim America Poll – Executive Summary"
1434:"Psychological Shock Of September 11 – PEWS Research Report"
1925:"THE BLACK-RED ALLIANCE – Amir Taheri – Benador Associates"
1305:), but not when it comes from the "oppressed world" of the
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Allegations of hypocrisy and influence of "radical" groups
619:
The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order
560:
Almost no one denied the connection between Afghanistan's
1301:(and particularly from the French Far Right, such as the
1256:
As a protest, Fillipetti promised to carry both flags of
1987:"Anti-war fever coupled with anti-Semitism roils France"
1223:, were attacked in a demonstration in Paris against the
922:'s welcome interventions during the negotiation of the
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organizations; NION itself is a member of UFPJ, as are
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International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan
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would fall into the wrong hands (including Al-Qaida).
1955:"The London Streets, Who are these anti-Bush people?"
537:
uncomfortable with U.S. unilateralism (their numbers
310:
did not believe that it was really a response to the
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declared a campaign with the stated aim of defeating
1900:"Europe | Polls find Europeans oppose Iraq war"
1413:"World shock over U.S. attacks – September 11, 2001"
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America's presence in Middle-Eastern countries like
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Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
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1479:"Scholars of Islam & the Tragedy of Sept. 11th"
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1405:
1403:
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Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
137:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2298:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
2008:
2006:
1652:"Congresswoman Barbara Lee Explains Her Lone Vote"
1001:, which climaxed in an international synchronized
686:The most prominent U.S.-based movement groups are
525:and others with longtime associations with global
778:"Significant impetus behind NION comes from the
16:Social movement in response to the war on terror
706:(IAC), a group founded in 1992 by former U.S.
2749:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces
2104:
1114:While many leftists have happily worked with
674:, which Bush referred to collectively as an "
8:
1363:Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan
1323:American popular opinion of invasion of Iraq
650:The anti-war movement has organized massive
688:Act Now to Stop War and End Racism (ANSWER)
416:and the organization held bank accounts in
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2111:
2097:
2089:
2084:An anti-fear and anti-war music video page
1696:. Hamilton.edu. 2002-05-30. Archived from
2702:Global Day of Action on Military Spending
1578:Woollacott, Martin (September 12, 2001).
580:; belief that the wars were motivated by
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:Learn how and when to remove this message
901:uncertain and unpredictable consequences
860:invasion of Iraq. Before and during the
782:. RCP identifies itself as followers of
476:the attacks were carried out by al-Qaida
90:of all important aspects of the article.
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1348:Japanese history textbook controversies
1211:were common in anti-war rallies, while
1003:anti-war demonstration around the world
533:the movement, there were also European
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1785:. Zmag.org. 2002-10-24. Archived from
794:. Their website expresses support for
86:Please consider expanding the lead to
2621:World March for Peace and Nonviolence
1761:Roy, Arundhati (September 29, 2001).
1059:Without actually naming the UK-based
713:and perceived as closely tied to the
146:"Post–September 11 anti-war movement"
7:
2778:Third Party Non-violent Intervention
1738:. September 21, 2001. Archived from
1563:. September 14, 2001. Archived from
1545:. September 14, 2001. Archived from
1455:"September 11 Executive Summary – 1"
480:also calls this belief into question
316:Project for the New American Century
135:adding citations to reliable sources
1829:"Tikkun Magazine – Tikkun Magazine"
780:Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP)
696:United for Peace and Justice (UFPJ)
229:post–September 11 anti-war movement
3003:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
2900:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014)
2188:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp
1877:. Commondreams.org. Archived from
1783:"ZNet – Anti War Activism Q and A"
1388:Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq
1017:Criticism of the anti-war movement
656:opposition to the War on Terrorism
646:Anti-war organizations and rallies
14:
2495:International Day of Non-Violence
2153:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
1763:"The algebra of infinite justice"
995:Popular opposition to war on Iraq
806:formulation, they say, pushed by
338:Immediate reaction to the attacks
34:This article has multiple issues.
2905:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
729:writing on October 24, 2002 for
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1373:Opposition to the 2003 Iraq War
1297:when it comes from the Western
568:; opposition to perceived U.S.
433:Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory
301:Department of Homeland Security
122:needs additional citations for
78:may be too short to adequately
42:or discuss these issues on the
2198:List of pacifist organisations
2058:. People-press.org. 2004-03-16
1338:Criticism of the war on terror
386:several Arab and Muslim states
240:September 11 terrorist attacks
88:provide an accessible overview
1:
1875:"The Banning of Rabbi Lerner"
1633:. CNN.com. September 15, 2001
1415:. CNN.com. September 11, 2001
1358:Protests against the Iraq war
1036:Some critics, such as exiled
964:Many critics of the American
903:of invading another country.
682:Left and anti-war in the U.S.
636:Muslim Association of Britain
2604:World Peace Bell Association
2505:Dialogue Among Civilizations
2208:New Socialist Party of Japan
2193:Iraq War resisters in Canada
2158:Coalition of Women for Peace
1831:. Tikkun.org. Archived from
1675:. CNN.com. February 26, 2002
1522:"Special Dispatch – No. 281"
885:International Criminal Court
833:National Council of Churches
293:2001 invasion of Afghanistan
2772:The whole world is watching
2540:Peace & Love (festival)
2490:Imagine Piano Peace Project
1953:Taheri, Amir (2004-12-06).
997:in Europe led to a wave of
970:weapons of mass destruction
704:International Action Center
625:In the United Kingdom, the
599:weapons of mass destruction
314:attacks. They point to the
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2895:2011 intervention in Libya
2515:List of places named Peace
2500:International Day of Peace
2218:Peace and conflict studies
2138:Anti-nuclear organizations
1138:
1025:
660:State of the Union Address
470:An anti-war movement forms
347:, the foreign minister of
287:(most notably through the
3011:
2530:Nobel Peace Prize Concert
2525:Mother's Day Proclamation
2475:Dances of Universal Peace
2288:The Women's Peace Crusade
2035:"חדשות NRG – הקשר הצרפתי"
1992:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1929:www.benadorassociates.com
1164:Some also allege that as
748:"Statement of Conscience"
2791:Violence begets violence
2724:Non-aggression principle
2594:The Non-Violence Project
2574:Promoting Enduring Peace
2557:Promoting Enduring Peace
2213:Pacifist Socialist Party
1543:"Calamitous Perspective"
1145:Red-green-brown alliance
1032:Red-green-brown alliance
762:, to intellectuals like
431:-era U.S. attack on the
2885:Military action in Iran
2520:Monuments and memorials
2470:Concert Yutel for Peace
2273:React, Include, Recycle
2203:List of peace activists
2168:Conscientious objectors
1503:. September 11 News.com
1231:, a spokeswoman of the
868:of Iraq, opposition to
640:Socialist Workers Party
519:invasion of Afghanistan
238:that emerged after the
2806:Opposition to specific
2761:Swords to ploughshares
2755:Soldiers are murderers
2148:Anti-war organizations
2037:(in Hebrew). Nrg.co.il
1855:Cite journal requires
1809:Cite journal requires
1254:
1219:teenagers, members of
1175:Stop the War Coalition
1093:French Communist Party
1061:Stop the War Coalition
1011:Stop the War Coalition
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692:Not in Our Name (NION)
627:Stop the War Coalition
549:; with the few, small
539:would greatly increase
489:, who had opposed the
345:Wakeel Ahmed Mutawakel
2808:wars or their aspects
2729:Nonviolent resistance
2579:Show of Peace Concert
2344:Anti-nuclear movement
1245:
1104:Ilich Ramírez Sánchez
944:
924:Good Friday Agreement
365:Abdul Aziz al-Ashaikh
297:2003 invasion of Iraq
271:which he called the "
2890:Sri Lankan Civil War
2784:Turn the other cheek
2599:University for Peace
2510:List of peace prizes
1999:on October 17, 2004.
1481:. Groups.colgate.edu
1289:activist, professor
1155:March 24, 2003 rally
1077:Olivier Besançonneau
844:Rabbi Michael Lerner
614:Samuel P. Huntington
131:improve this article
2932:Nuclear disarmament
2915:in Russian Far East
2672:Department of Peace
2657:Counter-recruitment
2652:Conflict resolution
2642:Central Park be-ins
2630:Slogans and tactics
2609:Japanese Peace Bell
2399:Non-interventionism
2394:Modern-war pacifism
2332:Christian anarchism
1604:Kennedy, Edward M.
1128:Islamist terrorists
909:Republic of Ireland
835:, and Albert's own
715:Workers World Party
242:in response to the
2826:American Civil War
2718:Make love, not war
2692:Economic sanctions
2647:Civil disobedience
2480:Festival for Peace
2453:Media and cultural
2439:Testimony of peace
2359:Christian pacifism
1467:on August 3, 2004.
1333:Civil disobedience
1229:Aurélie Filippetti
947:
945:Protests in France
913:World Trade Center
855:Anti-war in Europe
586:petroleum politics
576:and the spread of
3037:Anti-war movement
3024:
3023:
2927:Military taxation
2797:War tax resisters
2364:Deterrence theory
2143:Anti-war movement
1742:on March 30, 2002
1561:"On the Bombings"
1353:New anti-Semitism
1209:Palestinian flags
1166:Muslim minorities
1149:Some allege that
982:democracy in Iraq
727:Stephen R. Shalom
605:support for war.
594:preemptive attack
578:political freedom
574:counter-terrorism
566:international law
441:Martin Woollacott
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2851:list of protests
2712:Lesson of Munich
2667:Demilitarisation
2545:Peace journalism
2339:Anti-imperialism
2322:Anarcho-pacifism
2258:Peace psychology
2238:Peace conference
2233:Peace commission
2178:Culture of Peace
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1995:. Archived from
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1291:Amnon Rubinstein
1265:still full with
1221:Hashomer Hatzair
1141:New antisemitism
1028:Euston Manifesto
999:anti-war rallies
893:neoconservatives
808:John Stuart Mill
708:attorney general
652:anti-war rallies
496:Cynthia McKinney
390:anti-Americanism
357:Mohammad Khatami
324:neoconservatives
308:War on Terrorism
273:War on Terrorism
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1053:National Review
1034:
1024:
1019:
864:and subsequent
857:
752:Laurie Anderson
684:
648:
555:Lyndon LaRouche
527:peace movements
515:immigration law
500:civil liberties
487:Dennis Kucinich
472:
351:'s then-ruling
340:
289:USA PATRIOT Act
285:immigration law
252:
236:social movement
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2183:ECOPEACE Party
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1567:on 2001-09-14.
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1285:left wing and
1250:right to exist
1136:
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1082:"The European
1047:Jerusalem Post
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934:support a war
928:United Nations
881:George W. Bush
870:George W. Bush
856:
853:
812:Rosa Luxemburg
723:Michael Albert
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603:United Nations
582:neocolonialism
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459:President Bush
455:Edward Kennedy
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328:Saddam Hussein
265:George W. Bush
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120:This article
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2841:World War II
2697:Flower power
2549:
2389:Isolationism
2263:Peace treaty
2060:. Retrieved
2050:
2039:. Retrieved
2029:
2018:. Retrieved
1997:the original
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1965:the original
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1933:the original
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1906:. 2003-02-11
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1879:the original
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1837:. Retrieved
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1787:the original
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1768:The Guardian
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1746:November 11,
1744:. Retrieved
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1654:. Daveyd.com
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1610:the original
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1584:The Guardian
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1499:Webmanship.
1494:
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1428:
1417:. Retrieved
1311:
1287:Human rights
1281:
1273:
1271:
1262:Palestinians
1255:
1246:
1243:. She said:
1241:antisemitism
1202:
1198:anti-Western
1194:anti-Zionist
1187:
1183:human rights
1163:
1148:
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1123:
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1115:
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1097:
1081:
1065:Labour Party
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977:Saudi Arabia
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917:US President
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796:Shining Path
776:
764:Noam Chomsky
745:
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719:
711:Ramsey Clark
700:
685:
676:axis of evil
649:
624:
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535:nationalists
531:
511:criminal law
508:
484:
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451:
446:The Guardian
444:
425:Noam Chomsky
422:
418:Saudi Arabia
373:Saudi Arabia
341:
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281:criminal law
277:
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187:October 2023
184:
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129:Please help
124:verification
121:
93:
77:
75:lead section
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2988:Switzerland
2973:Netherlands
2846:Vietnam War
2836:World War I
2707:Human Be-In
2444:World peace
2409:Nonviolence
2374:Finvenkismo
2354:Appeasement
2268:Peaceworker
2016:. Nrg.co.il
2014:"NRG מעריב"
1233:Green Party
1225:war in Iraq
1203:In France,
1161:, Germany.
1069:Watermelons
1042:Amir Taheri
959:North Korea
895:within it.
772:Howard Zinn
760:John Cusack
672:North Korea
570:imperialism
543:antisemitic
464:Barbara Lee
414:Afghanistan
378:Palestinian
369:Grand Mufti
349:Afghanistan
320:Imperialist
3031:Categories
2953:Costa Rica
2739:Peace walk
2551:Peace News
2429:Satyagraha
2414:Pacificism
2404:Nonkilling
2318:Anarchism
2307:Ideologies
2223:Peace camp
2062:2009-07-16
2041:2009-07-16
2020:2009-07-16
1971:2016-11-11
1939:2016-11-11
1910:2009-07-16
1885:2009-07-16
1839:2009-07-16
1793:2009-07-16
1704:2009-07-16
1679:2009-07-16
1658:2009-07-16
1637:2009-07-16
1616:2004-09-16
1590:2009-07-16
1528:2009-07-16
1507:2009-07-16
1485:2009-07-16
1440:2009-07-16
1419:2009-07-16
1395:References
1299:right wing
1295:neo-Nazism
1275:Libération
1139:See also:
1108:Venezuelan
1026:See also:
866:occupation
839:magazine.
551:right-wing
491:Kosovo War
388:encourage
380:President
291:) and the
250:Background
157:newspapers
39:improve it
2941:Countries
2922:Landmines
2910:in Russia
2868:Criticism
2677:Desertion
2163:Code Pink
1190:Islamists
1179:Islamists
1169:American
1124:Islamists
1007:Barcelona
804:bourgeois
523:pacifists
402:Hezbollah
312:terrorist
269:terrorism
261:Islamists
259:network:
80:summarize
45:talk page
3016:Category
2873:Protests
2863:Iraq War
2766:Teach-in
2419:Pacifism
2120:Anti-war
1904:BBC News
1586:. London
1368:Pacifism
1328:Anti-war
1316:See also
1260:and the
1200:events.
1100:humanist
1088:Islamist
955:Al-Qaida
862:invasion
788:Leninism
634:and the
332:al-Qaida
295:and the
257:al-Qaida
233:anti-war
96:May 2020
2958:Germany
2589:Symbols
2535:Museums
1524:. MEMRI
1283:Israeli
1159:Hamburg
1084:Marxist
1040:writer
1038:Iranian
784:Marxism
610:crusade
562:Taliban
517:and an
429:Clinton
361:Iranian
353:Taliban
171:scholar
2963:Israel
2948:Canada
2687:Die-in
2637:Bed-in
2384:Hippie
2314:Ahimsa
1258:Israel
1237:Maariv
1217:Jewish
1120:Muslim
1106:, the
849:Israel
831:, the
829:MoveOn
820:ANSWER
814:)..."
792:Maoism
770:, and
758:, and
694:, and
670:, and
547:Israel
359:, the
231:is an
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2983:Sudan
2978:Spain
2968:Japan
2584:Songs
2569:Plays
2485:Films
2465:Books
2424:Peace
2283:Unity
1307:Arabs
1205:Iraqi
1073:Green
932:would
847:anti-
654:, in
406:Hamas
398:Syria
178:JSTOR
164:books
2122:and
1861:help
1815:help
1748:2016
1267:Iraq
1207:and
1196:and
1143:and
1116:Arab
1030:and
810:and
800:Peru
725:and
668:Iran
664:Iraq
584:and
513:and
408:and
396:and
394:Iran
330:and
283:and
227:The
150:news
2460:Art
1157:in
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