547:'s campaign for the U.S. presidency in 1980 was focused on the rebuilding of the country. Over the next couple of years, the economy was recovering, new foreign policies were implemented, and the market was booming with independence. By contrast, the Soviet Union's economy was declining, its military power was declining, and the Soviet leaders overestimated the amount of influence which they had in the world. The United States' newfound superpower status allowed American authorities to better engage in negotiations with the Soviet, including terms that would favor the U.S. According to
318:
56:
45:
1350:
567:
new ones have not yet emerged to take their place. Historians will certainly regard the years 1989–1991 as a turning point comparable in importance to the years 1789–1794, or 1917–1918, or 1945–1947; precisely what has 'turned,' however, is much less certain. We know that a series of geopolitical earthquakes have taken place, but it is not yet clear how these upheavals have rearranged the landscape that lies before us.
1172:
241:
566:
The new world of the post–Cold War era is likely to have few, if any, of these characteristics: that is an indication of how much things have already changed since the Cold War ended. We are at one of those rare points of 'punctuation' in history at which old patterns of stability have broken up and
1560:
In the years since then, the
Internet's population and usefulness have grown immensely. Only about 20 million people (less than 0.5 percent of the world's population at the time) were online in 1995, mostly in the United States and several other Western countries. By the mid-2010s, more than a third
1480:
and
Shanghai in late 1990 as well. Restrictions on car ownership were loosened in the early 1990s and caused the bicycle to decline as a form of transport by 2000. The move to capitalism has increased the economic prosperity of China, but many people still live in poor conditions and work for
1308:
The United States, having become the only global superpower, used that ideological victory to reinforce its leadership position in the new world order. It claimed "the United States and its allies are on the right side of history." This new world order is referred to as "liberal hegemony" in
561:
wrote that the characteristics of the new era are not yet certain but he was certain that the characteristics of it would be very different from the characteristics of the Cold War era, which meant that a turning point of world-historical significance took place:
524:
and the United States. Both federations were called the world's superpowers. The underlying geopolitical and ideological differences between the recent allies led to mutual suspicions and shortly afterward, they led to confrontation between the two, known as the
554:(in office 16 June 1977 – 10 November 1982), reducing the tension between the US and USSR was necessary to focus on fixing economic issues in the USSR. He theorized that rebuilding the USSR would ensure greater economic competition with the US.
1341:. That created new potential for worldwide conflict. In response to the rise of China, the United States has strategically "rebalanced" to the Asia-Pacific region, though at the same time, began to retreat from international commitments.
4488:
1249:
The outcome symbolized a victory of democracy and capitalism which became a manner of collective self-validation for countries hoping to gain international respect. With democracy being seen as an important value, more countries began
1544:
as a system to keep in touch after an impending nuclear war. The last restrictions on commercial enterprise online were lifted in 1995. The commercialization of the
Internet and the growth of the mobile phone system increased
4508:
1233:
caused profound changes in nearly every society in the world. It enabled renewed attention to be paid to matters that were ignored during the Cold War and has paved the way for greater international cooperation,
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became democratic and was integrated into the world economy. Most of former Soviet satellites and three former Baltic
Republics were integrated into the European Union and
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487:
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4821:
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1953:
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1492:, but solved their political conflicts because of the removal of the ideological interests of those superpowers. As a result of the apparent victory of democracy and
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in South Africa. Declining Cold War tensions in the later years of the 1980s meant that the apartheid regime was no longer supported by the West because of its
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6179:
4528:
3046:
1504:, as economic power became more prominent than military power in the international arena. However, as the United States maintained global power, its role in
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in the 80's and in 1998 was able to conduct several underground tests. Today the United States, Russia, the United
Kingdom, France, and China all possess
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1505:
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132:
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Aziz, Nusrate, and M. Niaz
Asadullah. "Military spending, armed conflict and economic growth in developing countries in the post–Cold War era."
4881:
2978:
1580:
1576:
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2131:
480:
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1985:
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108:
Relative to the Cold War, the period is characterized by stabilization and disarmament. Both the United States and Russia significantly
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33:
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283:
144:
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5417:
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5407:
5164:
1259:
6785:
5159:
5034:
3551:
2912:
1659:
1639:
1110:
1010:
473:
6764:
6066:
5596:
4679:
125:
6792:
5022:
4954:
4842:
3651:
3586:
2631:
1718:
1193:
65:
7295:
6876:
6775:
5740:
5630:
5065:
4966:
2147:
6865:
5552:
5447:
4640:
2842:
1825:
434:
265:
6514:
5352:
1869:
1275:
1255:
1587:, but are often criticized for being unable to effectively stop a full nuclear attack. Despite advances in their efficacy,
214:—whose wars in some ways connect to some of the previously mentioned wars in the Middle East—is the latest and most recent
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6227:
6214:
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94:
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5613:
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4779:
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3591:
3486:
1572:
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6825:
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3012:
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1235:
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was freed from prison and the regime began steps to end apartheid. This culminated in the first democratic elections
257:
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250:
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6892:
6808:
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1330:
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227:
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401:
396:
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6329:
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3019:
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1686:
1623:
1090:
935:
795:
534:
90:
6726:
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6355:
6281:
6144:
6116:
5907:
5673:
4523:
3409:
3317:
2616:
2611:
1453:
1238:, and nationalist movements. The European Union expanded and further integrated, and power shifted from the
1095:
1030:
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6703:
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5773:
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4292:
4114:
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2708:
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1947:
1611:
975:
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or they date it to the signing of the world's first nuclear disarmament treaty, which occurred in 1987.
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140:
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905:
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3096:
3041:
2859:
2703:
2592:
2470:
Jones, Bruce D., and
Stephen John Stedman. "Civil Wars & the Post–Cold War International Order."
1338:
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785:
716:
711:
691:
597:
187:
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both entered the country in the second half of 1990, the first
American chains in China, aside from
105:
in eastern Europe. This period also marked the United States becoming the world's sole superpower.
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Wood, Luke B. "The politics of identity and security in post–Cold War
Western and Central Europe."
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many of their institutions in the 1990s, and a political debate on modern economics was reopened.
1317:
was able to cut much of its expenditure, but the level rose again to comparable heights after the
55:
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2849:
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2577:
2410:
2338:
1981:
1935:
1918:
Mohapatra, J. K., & Panigrahi, P. K. (1998). "The Post–Cold War Period: New
Configurations".
1885:
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671:
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2276:"One third of the world's population is online : 45% of Internet users below the age of 25"
1614:
of nuclear weapons around the world. Many nations have acquired technology required to produce
1500:, many more countries adapted these systems, which also allowed them access to the benefits of
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2402:
2383:"Science, Technology, and the Cold War: The Military Uses of the Jodrell Bank Radio Telescope"
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2019:
1927:
1714:
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1631:
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1442:
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1213:
During the Cold War, much of the policy and the infrastructure of the Western world and the
1075:
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1020:
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735:
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1278:. As of 2023, only five countries in the world are still ruled as communist states: China,
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proved untenable in its original form, the system lives on in a redesigned state as the
44:
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are often viewed as an additional piece to modern day diplomacy where concepts such as
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102:
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The Triumph of Broken Promises: The End of the Cold War and the Rise of Neoliberalism
2414:
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with China and several other countries, and entered the non-military organizations
113:
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1821:
2010:
GADDIS, JOHN LEWIS (April 1992). "The Cold War, the Long Peace, and the Future".
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1333:(BMD) systems were installed in Eastern Europe. However, from a relatively-weak
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985:
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517:
240:
136:
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1931:
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5017:
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3111:
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2733:
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1786:
1627:
1493:
1418:
1218:
1060:
990:
857:
2406:
2334:
2222:
2031:
1693:. Jodrell Bank and other observatories like it have since been used to track
72:
waving the Russian flag in celebration of Russian democracy on 22 August 1991
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parties, on the other hand, benefited from the fall of the Soviet Union. As
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1303:
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1040:
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1744:
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that were originally launched to detect nuclear detonation following the
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1647:
1619:
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1509:
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1414:
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and communist parties around the world saw drops in membership after the
1080:
1050:
1015:
837:
526:
309:
231:
195:
163:
120:. In the first two decades of the period, NATO underwent three series of
86:
1610:
Alongside continued research defensive countermeasures there has been a
4404:
4270:
4265:
3526:
3381:
3293:
2123:
The Age of Social Democracy: Norway and Sweden in the Twentieth Century
1537:
1532:
allowed many technologies that had been off limits to the public to be
1372:
1291:
501:
268: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2178:
U.S. Foreign Policy Toward the Third World: A Post–Cold War Assessment
6819:
4297:
4282:
3941:
3546:
1702:
1698:
1100:
1536:. The most important of these is the Internet, which was created as
520:
were defeated, the two most powerful states in the world became the
1481:
companies for very low wages and in dangerous and poor conditions.
4468:
4433:
4336:
4059:
3946:
3931:
3511:
3501:
3496:
2968:
2963:
1348:
508:, and a world war, the Western Allies and the Soviet Union formed
148:
2148:"Apple's Chinese suppliers still exploiting workers, says report"
1689:
for use in tracking Sputnik and possible nuclear launches by the
1488:
countries had seen involvement from the United States and/or the
529:, which lasted from about 1947 to 1991. It began with the second
3936:
3641:
2493:
Russia against the Rest: The Post–Cold War Crisis of World Order
1326:
1287:
1279:
117:
7140:
6012:
4877:
4583:
3741:
2512:
1512:
went mostly officially unacknowledged, even when some, such as
1476:, which had entered in 1987. Stock markets were established in
1721:
have been used since then to discover and further investigate
1568:
technologies with the declassification of the Internet. While
1243:
235:
2479:
Conflict in Ukraine: The Unwinding of the Post–Cold War Order
557:
At the dawn of the post–Cold War era, the Cold War historian
151:. Both latter organizations included China, which is a fast
3626:
1239:
64:
Top: the change in borders in eastern Europe following the
2309:"Missile Defense Roles in the Post-Cold War U.S. Strategy"
537:, but some historians date the end of the Cold War to the
1855:
Nationalism and Internationalism in the post–Cold War Era
159:
rebalanced strategic forces to the Asia-Pacific region.
1363:
The end of the Cold War also coincided with the end of
1852:
Goldman, Kjell, Hannerz, Ulf, Westin, Charles (2000).
2486:
Russian-American relations in the post–Cold War world
1966:
Condoleezza Rice, "Promoting the National Interest,"
2095:"The Lost American – Post–Cold War | FRONTLINE"
1454:
started to move towards capitalism in the late 1970s
500:
Faced with the threat of growing German and Italian
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5104:
5074:
5048:
4985:
4922:
4915:
4830:
4765:
4621:
4444:
4185:
4090:
3912:
3820:
3779:
3472:
3390:
3227:
3062:
2801:
2630:
2550:
2211:"Time for a US Apology to El Salvador | The Nation"
1225:ideologies, respectively, and the possibility of a
85:is a period of history that follows the end of the
1520:, resulted in extensive human rights violations.
5653:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)
5236:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)
1904:"The Cold War, the Long Peace, and the Future,"
5828:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
5619:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
5035:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)
4752:Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)
2044:Weisbrode, K. "America's Strategic Surrender,"
1583:continue to be explored and improved upon post
1345:Government, economic, and military institutions
564:
549:Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
2465:Cycles in US Foreign Policy Since the Cold War
1229:. The end of the Cold War and the fall of the
93:in December 1991. This period saw many former
7152:
6024:
4889:
4595:
3753:
2524:
1383:, which resulted in Mandela being elected as
1194:
481:
8:
5013:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)
5008:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)
4962:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)
4807:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)
2089:
2087:
2085:
1952:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1890:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1460:in Beijing, moved even more quickly towards
5023:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
4955:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
2250:"The History of the Internet in a Nutshell"
2126:. Princeton University Press. p. 356.
7159:
7145:
7137:
7029:
6675:
6428:
6204:
6056:
6031:
6017:
6009:
5532:
5495:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)
5384:
5199:
5108:
4945:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4940:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4919:
4896:
4882:
4874:
4602:
4588:
4580:
3760:
3746:
3738:
2531:
2517:
2509:
1452:The People's Republic of China, which had
1309:international relations theory. Using the
1201:
1187:
575:
488:
474:
295:
5295:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
5210:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
4967:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)
2324:
1982:"World Military Spending — Global Issues"
1816:
1814:
284:Learn how and when to remove this message
7254:Internal conflict in Peru (1980–present)
6180:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
5614:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
5347:Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)
5290:South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)
5030:Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)
4780:Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
2477:Menon, Rajan, and Eugene B. Rumer, eds.
1669:brought with it increased research into
162:Major crises of the period included the
101:nations, as well as the introduction of
80:
6722:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
6397:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
4822:Macedonian inter-ethnic violence (2012)
1810:
586:
307:
133:Collective Security Treaty Organization
5395:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
4993:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
2288:from the original on 25 September 2013
2256:from the original on 25 September 2013
2154:from the original on 26 September 2013
2101:from the original on 26 September 2013
1970:, 79/1, (January/February 2000): p 45.
1945:
1883:
1828:from the original on 11 September 2013
1577:Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System
1564:Further research continued into other
1561:of the world's population was online.
7259:Insurgency in Paraguay (2005–present)
6911:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict
6832:2012–2013 Tana River District clashes
5543:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
5082:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)
5003:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4935:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4631:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
2171:
2169:
155:. Reacting to the rise of China, the
89:, which represents history after the
7:
7186:List of conflicts in Central America
5686:Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)
5474:2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes
4775:Slovenian War of Independence (1991)
4690:Russian constitutional crisis (1993)
4658:Transnistria conflict (1990–present)
3838:Post-classical history (Middle Ages)
2005:
2003:
1872:from the original on 15 January 2023
1847:
1845:
1843:
1824:. Johndclare.net. 21 November 2008.
1642:in an attempt to curb the spread of
1298:United States foreign policy changes
572:Subsequent events after the Cold War
266:adding citations to reliable sources
27:Period after the end of the Cold War
6996:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
6952:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
6468:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
5774:Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)
5607:Western Iran clashes (2016–present)
4735:Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)
2307:Pugacewicz, Tomasz (23 June 2021).
2070:from the original on 1 October 2013
1429:in general declined in popularity.
1371:, but it was now condemned with an
68:. Bottom: former Russian president
7191:List of conflicts in South America
7181:List of conflicts in North America
6716:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict
6252:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
5795:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
5764:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
5724:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
5674:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997
5669:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)
5040:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)
4730:Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)
3807:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2024:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1992.tb00499.x
1735:International relations since 1989
1595:and treaties such as that between
126:reintegrated into the NATO command
34:International relations since 1989
25:
7249:Colombian conflict (1964–present)
6946:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
6650:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
5490:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)
5311:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)
5124:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)
3722:Western European and Others Group
1458:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
1456:and faced public anger after the
7228:Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996)
6776:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention
5810:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)
5160:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis
5061:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)
4977:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)
2381:Spinardi, Graham (August 2006).
1988:from the original on 12 May 2019
1681:lead to an increase funding for
1660:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
1640:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
1593:Mutual assured destruction (MAD)
1579:(BMDS). Countermeasures such as
1337:, China appeared as a fledgling
1170:
316:
239:
110:reduced their nuclear stockpiles
54:
43:
7244:Mapuche conflict (1997–present)
7212:Mexican Drug War (2006–present)
6793:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
5962:Sinai insurgency (2011–present)
5854:Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
5837:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)
5252:Myanmar conflict (1948–present)
4998:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
4930:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
4843:List of ongoing armed conflicts
4685:East Prigorodny conflict (1992)
2326:10.12797/politeja.14.2017.50.12
2176:Ruland, Jurgen (22 July 2016).
1719:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
1397:fell, and the public felt that
1154:Latin America and the Caribbean
249:needs additional citations for
91:dissolution of the Soviet Union
66:dissolution of the Soviet Union
5706:ISIL insurgency (2017–present)
5602:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)
5342:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)
5337:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)
5231:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)
5087:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)
4812:Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)
4705:Second Chechen War (1999–2009)
4670:Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)
2150:. CBS News. 27 February 2013.
2060:"Left and radical :: SWP"
210:. It has been argued that the
192:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1:
7089:2014 Lesotho political crisis
7046:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)
6215:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
5226:Papua conflict (1969–present)
4838:List of Post-Soviet conflicts
4790:Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)
4757:Wagner Group rebellion (2023)
4695:First Chechen War (1994–1996)
4653:Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)
2503:European Politics and Society
2058:Archivist (14 January 2013).
1421:had "won," as people saw it,
966:Democracy and economic growth
7207:Chiapas conflict (1994–2014)
7083:SADC intervention in Lesotho
6691:OLA insurgency, 2018–present
6645:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)
6402:ECOWAS military intervention
6122:2011–2014 factional violence
5928:Yemeni crisis (2011–present)
5696:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
5368:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)
5066:JVP insurrection (1987–1989)
4725:Revolution of Dignity (2014)
4710:Tuzla Island conflict (2003)
4663:Transnistria War (1990–1992)
2495:(Cambridge UP, 2017) 362pp
1573:Strategic Defense Initiative
1358:1994 South African elections
1159:Middle East and North Africa
1026:Peaceful transition of power
6765:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
6621:Insurgency in Northern Chad
5933:Houthi takeover (2014–2015)
5800:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
5746:Syrian arena (2012–present)
5729:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
5646:Syrian arena (2012–present)
5597:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
5183:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
5119:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
4972:Religious violence in India
4745:Russian invasion of Ukraine
4680:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
4675:South Ossetia War (1991–92)
2467:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).
2433:Journal of Economic Studies
1980:Shah, Anup (30 June 2013).
1236:international organizations
1056:Proportional representation
7342:
7051:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
6877:Abyei conflict (2022–2023)
6732:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
6598:Djotodia period, 2013–2014
6409:Western Togoland Rebellion
5983:Operation Inherent Resolve
5805:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
5741:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
5734:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
5631:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
5592:Kurdish separatism in Iran
4474:Asia and the Pacific Group
2120:Francis Sejersted (2011).
1932:10.1177/097492849805400111
1654:are also in possession of
1624:Pakistan's nuclear program
1321:and the initiation of the
1301:
1254:. Communism ended also in
225:
218:of the post-Cold War era.
31:
7321:Aftermath of the Cold War
7176:
7171:conflicts in the Americas
6893:Second Sudanese Civil War
5636:South Lebanon (1985–2000)
5155:Maritime border incidents
4797:Albanian Civil War (1997)
4715:Russo-Georgian War (2008)
4479:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
4210:Southern/Eastern/Northern
3863:Asian and Pacific Theatre
3492:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
2933:Standard Average European
2399:10.1080/14682740600795428
1385:President of South Africa
1331:Ballistic Missile Defense
440:List of related conflicts
228:Aftermath of World War II
135:to replace the dissolved
32:For the main trends, see
6593:Civil War (2012–present)
6562:Pool Department conflict
5938:Civil War (2014–present)
5887:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
5576:Bahraini uprising (2011)
5272:Civil war (2021–present)
4853:List of frozen conflicts
3632:Lancaster House Treaties
3122:Christian existentialism
3082:Ancient Roman philosophy
3072:Ancient Greek philosophy
2447:Harvard University Press
1687:Jodrell Bank Observatory
1658:but have not signed the
1356:casting his vote in the
1217:had revolved around the
1111:Wars between democracies
1091:Territorial peace theory
936:Democratic confederalism
535:fall of the Soviet Union
510:an alliance of necessity
6991:Hanish Islands conflict
6528:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
6379:Guinea-Bissau Civil War
6221:Herder–farmer conflicts
6145:Western Sahara conflict
5923:South Yemen (2009–2015)
5779:Lebanon conflict (2008)
5701:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
5516:Andijan massacre (2005)
5511:Fergana massacre (1989)
5056:JVP insurrection (1971)
4817:Unrest in Kosovo (2004)
4785:Bosnian War (1992–1995)
3410:Equality before the law
2617:Romano-Germanic culture
2046:Internationale Politik,
1750:Middle-Eastern Cold War
1697:as well as investigate
1589:Anti-ballistic missiles
1096:Tyranny of the majority
1031:Political demonstration
941:Democratic peace theory
916:Deliberative referendum
6814:Somali–Kenyan conflict
6710:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
6704:Second Afar insurgency
6311:Sierra Leone Civil War
5469:2010 Kyrgyz Revolution
4802:Kosovo War (1998–1999)
4720:Maidan Uprising (2013)
4700:War in Abkhazia (1998)
3890:Middle Eastern Theatre
3868:Middle Eastern Theatre
3787:Cradle of civilization
3572:Eastern European Group
3161:Continental philosophy
3092:Judeo-Christian ethics
3077:Hellenistic philosophy
2558:Cradle of civilization
2439:Bartel, Fritz (2022).
1908:, 16/2, (1992): p 235.
1474:Kentucky Fried Chicken
1441:are often now seen as
1360:
1325:in 2001. Accompanying
1315:United States military
921:Democratic backsliding
911:Criticism of democracy
569:
533:and it ended with the
341:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
7068:Bophuthatswana crisis
6737:Oromia–Somali clashes
6656:Boko Haram insurgency
6616:Civil War (2005–2010)
6233:Boko Haram insurgency
6156:Clashes, 2020–present
5430:Republican insurgency
5129:Tibetan unrest (2008)
4115:Vietnamese philosophy
3853:Industrial Revolution
3692:Three Seas Initiative
3667:Pacific Islands Forum
3532:British–Irish Council
3280:Greek Orthodox Church
2739:Industrial Revolution
2709:Scientific Revolution
2505:18.4 (2017): 552–556.
2463:Henriksen, Thomas H.
2186:10.4324/9781315497495
1880:– via SAGE Pub.
1618:since the end of the
1462:free-market economics
1352:
976:Electoral competition
956:Democratic transition
931:Democratic centralism
926:Democratic capitalism
445:Post-Soviet conflicts
141:strategic partnership
7316:Contemporary history
7040:Mozambican Civil War
7000:Burundian conflicts
6985:Djiboutian Civil War
6698:Insurgency in Ogaden
6326:Liberian Civil Wars
6239:Niger Delta conflict
5913:al-Qaeda (1998–2015)
5892:Turkey–ISIL conflict
5691:Iraq War (2003–2011)
3687:Special Relationship
3097:Christian philosophy
3042:Western Christianity
2704:Age of Enlightenment
2578:Hellenistic Kingdoms
2474:146#4 (2017): 33-44.
2252:. Sixrevisions.com.
1984:. Globalissues.org.
1858:. Psychology Press.
1638:and have signed the
1439:Scandinavian nations
1319:September 11 attacks
951:Democratic socialism
402:Cold War (1985–1991)
397:Cold War (1979–1985)
392:Cold War (1962–1979)
387:Cold War (1953–1962)
382:Cold War (1948–1953)
377:Cold War (1947–1948)
262:improve this article
188:September 11 attacks
157:Obama administration
7079:Lesothan conflicts
7004:1993–2005 Civil War
6727:Afar–Somali clashes
6515:2022–2023 offensive
6510:2012–2013 rebellion
6352:Ivorian Civil Wars
6185:Tunisian revolution
6127:2014–2020 civil war
6107:2008 Kufra conflict
6044:conflicts in Africa
5092:Operation All Clear
4615:conflicts in Europe
4145:Buddhist philosophy
4105:Japanese philosophy
3848:Early modern period
3712:West Nordic Council
3577:Eastern Partnership
3166:Analytic philosophy
2867:Classical tradition
2689:Early modern period
2645:Classical antiquity
2640:European Bronze Age
2484:Peterson, James W.
2435:44.1 (2017): 47–68.
2319:(5 (50)): 263–293.
1822:"Cold War Revision"
1506:many regime changes
1339:emerging superpower
1252:adopting that value
1177:Politics portal
971:Democracy promotion
946:Democratic republic
539:Revolutions of 1989
204:Russo-Ukrainian War
7126:Colour revolutions
6929:Sudanese civil war
6781:2009–present phase
6522:Batwa–Luba clashes
6391:Casamance conflict
6268:Tuareg rebellions
6228:Religious violence
6174:Algerian Civil War
6090:Terrorism in Egypt
5998:Colour revolutions
5918:Houthi (2004–2015)
5859:Regional spillover
5769:Lebanon War (2006)
5641:Lebanon War (2006)
4848:List of proxy wars
4529:EAEU Customs Union
4459:Arab Customs Union
4381:Oriental Orthodoxy
4155:Islamic philosophy
4125:Iranian philosophy
4100:Chinese philosophy
3171:Post-structuralism
3134:Christian humanism
2764:Universal suffrage
2488:(Oxford UP, 2017).
2481:(MIT Press, 2015).
2229:on 16 January 2020
2012:Diplomatic History
1906:Diplomatic History
1770:Digital Revolution
1656:nuclear technology
1401:ideology had won.
1361:
1335:developing country
1116:Waves of democracy
1076:Right to candidacy
1046:Popular referendum
1036:Political equality
906:Citizens' assembly
460:Timeline of events
200:Russo-Georgian War
184:Second Chechen War
131:Russia formed the
7296:Post–Cold War era
7283:
7282:
7134:
7133:
7099:
7098:
7019:
7018:
6975:Rwandan Civil War
6923:Blue Nile clashes
6905:Nomadic conflicts
6861:Nomadic conflicts
6665:
6664:
6504:March 23 Movement
6439:Angolan Civil War
6418:
6417:
6194:
6193:
6006:
6005:
5953:Inter-continental
5948:
5947:
5882:DHKP/C insurgency
5877:Maoist insurgency
5524:
5523:
5376:
5375:
5267:Rohingya conflict
5191:
5190:
5100:
5099:
5018:Kargil War (1999)
4950:Kargil War (1999)
4909:conflicts in Asia
4871:
4870:
4577:
4576:
4376:Eastern Orthodoxy
4120:Indian philosophy
4110:Korean philosophy
3904:Post–Cold War era
3735:
3734:
3562:Council of Europe
3464:International law
3417:Constitutionalism
3275:Eastern Orthodoxy
2781:Post–Cold War era
2714:Age of Revolution
2568:Greco-Roman world
2248:Cameron Chapman.
2209:Bonner, Raymond.
2133:978-0-691-14774-1
1765:Nuclear arms race
1677:. The success of
1632:enriching uranium
1601:Mikhail Gorbachev
1211:
1210:
1066:Right to petition
559:John Lewis Gaddis
498:
497:
294:
293:
286:
176:Second Congo Wars
18:Post Cold War era
16:(Redirected from
7333:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7138:
7074:Caprivi conflict
7030:
7009:2015–2018 unrest
6820:Likoni massacres
6809:Ethnic conflicts
6771:Somali Civil War
6676:
6474:Second Congo War
6429:
6205:
6084:Post-coup unrest
6078:Sinai insurgency
6057:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6010:
5908:Civil war (1994)
5533:
5464:1990 Osh clashes
5448:Ethnic conflicts
5385:
5362:
5355:
5200:
5165:2017–2018 crisis
5143:
5109:
4920:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4875:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4581:
4396:Eastern Churches
4140:Hindu philosophy
3762:
3755:
3748:
3739:
3607:EU Customs Union
3139:Secular humanism
3087:Christian ethics
3037:East–West Schism
3020:Physical culture
2744:Great Divergence
2694:Age of Discovery
2533:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2491:Sakwa, Richard.
2460:
2419:
2418:
2387:Cold War History
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2328:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2225:. Archived from
2206:
2200:
2199:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2055:
2049:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1943:
1926:(1–2): 129–140.
1915:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1849:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1818:
1723:Gamma-ray bursts
1715:Vela (satellite)
1683:Radio telescopes
1671:radio technology
1605:Reykjavík Summit
1603:following their
1431:Social Democrats
1203:
1196:
1189:
1175:
1174:
1071:Right to protest
1021:Nomination rules
576:
490:
483:
476:
430:Cold War in Asia
407:Frozen conflicts
320:
296:
289:
282:
278:
275:
269:
243:
236:
208:Israel-Hamas war
206:and the ongoing
139:, established a
103:market economies
95:Soviet republics
82:
58:
47:
21:
7341:
7340:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7330:
7326:Western culture
7311:Information Age
7306:Historical eras
7286:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7263:
7232:
7221:Central America
7216:
7195:
7172:
7165:
7135:
7130:
7095:
7056:
7025:Southern Africa
7015:
6963:
6934:
6881:
6866:Ethnic violence
6843:
6838:Baragoi clashes
6797:
6753:
6661:
6633:
6623:(2016–present)
6604:
6579:
6578:Central African
6573:
6539:
6533:
6462:First Congo War
6450:
6414:
6367:
6341:
6315:
6306:Ndogboyosoi War
6294:
6257:
6241:(2003–present)
6217:(1998–present)
6190:
6162:
6147:(1970–present)
6133:
6095:
6073:2011 revolution
6067:Egyptian Crisis
6046:
6037:
6007:
6002:
5966:
5954:
5944:
5896:
5865:
5842:
5816:
5783:
5752:
5712:
5657:
5580:
5564:
5520:
5499:
5478:
5452:
5436:
5400:Afghan conflict
5372:
5358:
5351:
5325:
5299:
5278:
5262:Kachin conflict
5240:
5214:
5187:
5171:
5150:Korean conflict
5141:
5139:
5133:
5096:
5070:
5044:
4981:
4911:
4902:
4872:
4867:
4826:
4767:Southern Europe
4761:
4617:
4608:
4578:
4573:
4446:
4440:
4181:
4150:Jain philosophy
4130:Buddhist ethics
4086:
3908:
3875:Interwar period
3828:Ancient history
3816:
3775:
3766:
3736:
3731:
3697:UKUSA Agreement
3637:Lublin Triangle
3522:Baltic Assembly
3474:
3468:
3386:
3223:
3058:
2928:Eurolinguistics
2797:
2786:Information age
2759:Interwar period
2626:
2546:
2537:
2457:
2438:
2428:
2426:Further reading
2423:
2422:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2361:treaties.un.org
2355:
2354:
2350:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2064:Socialist Party
2057:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1968:Foreign Affairs
1965:
1961:
1944:
1920:India Quarterly
1917:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1899:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1792:Interwar period
1740:Second Cold War
1731:
1675:nuclear weapons
1644:nuclear weapons
1636:nuclear weapons
1616:nuclear weapons
1528:The end of the
1526:
1443:social democrat
1433:in Scandinavia
1347:
1306:
1300:
1227:nuclear warfare
1207:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1001:Majoritarianism
961:Democratization
896:
888:
887:
622:
612:
581:Politics series
574:
552:Leonid Brezhnev
494:
465:
464:
455:Second Cold War
450:Reagan Doctrine
420:
412:
411:
372:
364:
363:
362:
330:
308:History of the
290:
279:
273:
270:
255:
234:
226:Main articles:
224:
216:global conflict
76:
75:
74:
73:
61:
60:
59:
50:
49:
48:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7339:
7337:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7288:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7271:
7269:
7268:Related topics
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7230:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7156:
7149:
7141:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7104:Related topics
7101:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7077:
7071:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7053:(2017–present)
7048:
7043:
7036:
7034:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7006:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6958:Kasese clashes
6955:
6954:(1996–present)
6949:
6948:(1987–present)
6942:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6931:(2023–present)
6926:
6920:
6914:
6908:
6907:(2009–present)
6902:
6896:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6879:
6874:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6835:
6829:
6823:
6817:
6816:(1963–present)
6811:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6768:
6767:(1998–present)
6761:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6719:
6713:
6707:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6686:Oromo conflict
6682:
6680:
6673:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6658:(2009–present)
6653:
6652:(1987–present)
6647:
6641:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6627:2021 offensive
6618:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6590:
6583:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6543:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6501:
6500:(2009–present)
6498:Ituri conflict
6495:
6492:Dongo conflict
6489:
6488:(2004–present)
6483:
6480:Ituri conflict
6477:
6471:
6470:(1996–present)
6465:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6447:(1975–present)
6442:
6435:
6433:
6426:
6424:Central Africa
6420:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6411:(2020–present)
6406:
6405:
6404:
6394:
6393:(1982–present)
6388:
6385:Guinea clashes
6382:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6291:(2012–present)
6286:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6254:(2021–present)
6249:
6248:
6247:
6236:
6235:(2009–present)
6230:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6211:
6209:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6182:
6177:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6151:War, 1975–1991
6141:
6139:
6138:Western Sahara
6135:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6117:2011 civil war
6109:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6092:(2013–present)
6087:
6081:
6080:(2011–present)
6075:
6070:
6063:
6061:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6013:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5971:Related topics
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5833:Qatif conflict
5824:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5681:Iraqi conflict
5678:
5677:
5676:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5624:Qatif conflict
5616:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5539:
5537:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5356:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5257:Karen conflict
5248:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5197:
5196:Southeast Asia
5193:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5146:
5144:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4926:
4924:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4831:Related topics
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4627:
4625:
4623:Eastern Europe
4619:
4618:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4584:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4519:Easternization
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4320:Zoroastrianism
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:Islamic ethics
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3855:
3850:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3727:Westernization
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3707:Visegrád Group
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:Nordic Council
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3542:Bucharest Nine
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3507:Arctic Council
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3117:Existentialism
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2650:Late antiquity
2642:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2436:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2393:(3): 279–300.
2373:
2348:
2299:
2267:
2240:
2201:
2194:
2165:
2139:
2132:
2112:
2081:
2050:
2037:
2018:(2): 234–246.
1999:
1972:
1959:
1910:
1897:
1864:
1839:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1557:in reaction).
1525:
1522:
1464:in the 1990s.
1377:Nelson Mandela
1354:Nelson Mandela
1346:
1343:
1311:peace dividend
1302:Main article:
1299:
1296:
1242:to the larger
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1106:War referendum
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
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274:September 2023
260:) Please help
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7275:War on Terror
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6917:Heglig Crisis
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6899:War in Darfur
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6888:
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6855:Heglig Crisis
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6747:War in Amhara
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6245:2016 conflict
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6112:Libyan Crisis
6110:
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5978:War on terror
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4858:War on terror
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4740:War in Donbas
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4641:2016 conflict
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3843:Modern period
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3769:Eastern world
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3672:PROSUR/PROSUL
3670:
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3567:Craiova Group
3565:
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3482:ABCANZ Armies
3480:
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3306:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3287:Protestantism
3285:
3281:
3278:
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3257:
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3207:Sovereigntism
3205:
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3196:
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3102:Scholasticism
3100:
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2800:
2792:
2791:War on terror
2789:
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2684:Modern period
2682:
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2540:Western world
2534:
2529:
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2522:
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2515:
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2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:online review
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2456:9780674976788
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2255:
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2205:
2202:
2197:
2195:9781315497495
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2047:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1907:
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1898:
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1865:9780415238908
1861:
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1799:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:War on terror
1780:
1778:
1777:
1776:Postmodernism
1773:
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1653:
1650:, India, and
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:proliferation
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:Ronald Reagan
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:globalization
1543:
1539:
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1511:
1507:
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1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:anticommunism
1366:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:War on Terror
1320:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1297:
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1289:
1285:
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1277:
1273:
1269:
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1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Right to vote
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
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1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Majority rule
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
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957:
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952:
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934:
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927:
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922:
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912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
892:
891:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
873:Supermajority
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:Participatory
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:Hybrid regime
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
621:
616:
615:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
593:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
577:
571:
568:
563:
560:
555:
553:
550:
546:
545:Ronald Reagan
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:Shōwa statism
503:
491:
486:
484:
479:
477:
472:
471:
469:
468:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
425:Arab Cold War
423:
422:
416:
415:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
368:
367:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
342:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
329:
324:
323:
319:
315:
314:
311:
306:
302:
298:
297:
288:
285:
277:
267:
263:
259:
253:
252:
247:This section
245:
242:
238:
237:
233:
229:
221:
219:
217:
213:
212:war on terror
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:Yugoslav Wars
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:. The former
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:–Cold War era
71:
70:Boris Yeltsin
67:
57:
46:
35:
30:
19:
6977: /
6540:of the Congo
6299:Sierra Leone
6052:North Africa
5821:Saudi Arabia
5529:Western Asia
5381:Central Asia
4863:War on drugs
4514:Eastern Bloc
4484:Asia Council
4445:Contemporary
4391:Latin Church
4359:Christianity
4288:Confucianism
4160:Collectivism
3974:Architecture
3903:
3880:World War II
3717:Western Bloc
3517:AUSCANNZUKUS
3473:Contemporary
3422:Human rights
3268:Latin Church
3242:Christianity
3192:
3151:Conservatism
2996:contemporary
2833:Architecture
2780:
2769:World War II
2729:Emancipation
2724:Abolitionism
2612:Romanization
2607:Roman legacy
2588:Roman Empire
2502:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2441:
2432:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2292:21 September
2290:. Retrieved
2270:
2260:21 September
2258:. Retrieved
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:the original
2214:
2204:
2177:
2158:21 September
2156:. Retrieved
2142:
2122:
2115:
2105:21 September
2103:. Retrieved
2074:21 September
2072:. Retrieved
2063:
2053:
2048:Summer 2006.
2045:
2040:
2015:
2011:
1992:21 September
1990:. Retrieved
1975:
1967:
1962:
1948:cite journal
1923:
1919:
1913:
1905:
1900:
1874:. Retrieved
1854:
1832:21 September
1830:. Retrieved
1796:
1774:
1755:AI Arms Race
1713:such as the
1695:Space probes
1691:Soviet Union
1664:
1609:
1563:
1559:
1549:(as well as
1542:the Pentagon
1534:declassified
1527:
1502:global trade
1490:Soviet Union
1483:
1451:
1447:Nordic model
1389:
1362:
1307:
1248:
1231:Soviet Union
1215:Eastern Bloc
1212:
878:Totalitarian
761:Non-partisan
741:Majoritarian
722:Jeffersonian
662:Deliberative
652:Cosmopolitan
647:Conservative
627:Anticipatory
579:Part of the
565:
556:
543:
522:Soviet Union
516:. After the
514:World War II
499:
358:Iron Curtain
353:Western Bloc
348:Eastern Bloc
336:World War II
280:
271:
251:verification
248:
161:
153:rising power
130:
114:Eastern Bloc
107:
79:
77:
29:
7121:Arab Winter
7116:Arab Spring
7085:(1998–1999)
7076:(1994–1999)
7042:(1977–1992)
6987:(1991–1994)
6981:(1990–1994)
6925:(2022–2023)
6913:(2011–2020)
6901:(2003–2020)
6895:(1983–2005)
6873:(2013–2020)
6848:South Sudan
6834:(2012–2013)
6828:(2007–2008)
6718:(2000–2018)
6712:(1998–2000)
6706:(1995–2018)
6700:(1994–2018)
6671:East Africa
6589:(2004–2007)
6570:(2016–2017)
6564:(2002–2003)
6546:Civil wars
6530:(2016–2019)
6524:(2013–2018)
6482:(1999–2007)
6476:(1998–2003)
6464:(1996–1997)
6445:Cabinda War
6441:(1975–2002)
6381:(1998–1999)
6200:West Africa
6187:(2010–2011)
6176:(1991–2002)
6086:(2013–2014)
6069:(2011–2014)
5993:Arab Winter
5988:Arab Spring
5388:Afghanistan
5321:2006 crisis
5316:1999 crisis
4464:Arab League
4447:integration
4386:Catholicism
4244:Vaishnavism
4018:Esotericism
3885:Pacific War
3858:World War I
3802:Indic world
3797:Sinic world
3780:Foundations
3657:Open Balkan
3475:integration
3405:Rule of law
3400:Natural law
3377:Agnosticism
3355:Hellenistic
3333:Anglo-Saxon
3263:Catholicism
3202:Atlanticism
3107:Rationalism
2913:Immigration
2896:Esotericism
2754:World War I
2719:Romanticism
2699:Reformation
2679:Renaissance
2657:Middle Ages
2622:Christendom
2551:Foundations
2281:. Itu.int.
2233:15 November
1798:Road to Now
1673:as well as
1652:North Korea
1630:capable of
1628:Centrifuges
1551:nationalism
1514:El Salvador
1508:during the
1486:Third World
1484:Many other
1411:nationalist
1403:Libertarian
1399:free-market
1395:Berlin Wall
1375:. In 1990,
1329:expansion,
1284:North Korea
1272:Afghanistan
1246:economies.
986:Kleroterion
868:Substantive
843:Semi-direct
518:Axis powers
504:, Japanese
137:Warsaw Pact
124:and France
122:enlargement
7290:Categories
7033:Mozambique
6742:Tigray War
5558:Second War
5536:Azerbaijan
5504:Uzbekistan
5483:Tajikistan
5457:Kyrgyzstan
5441:Kazakhstan
5404:Civil War
5304:East Timor
5142:and South)
4916:South Asia
4646:Second War
4175:Philippine
4092:Philosophy
4077:Philosophy
4050:Literature
3677:Rio Treaty
3188:Relativism
3146:Liberalism
3112:Empiricism
3064:Philosophy
3052:Secularism
3003:Philosophy
2940:Literature
2734:Capitalism
2215:The Nation
1805:References
1787:Cold peace
1711:Satellites
1707:Meteoroids
1524:Technology
1494:capitalism
1466:McDonald's
1435:privatized
1419:capitalism
1407:neoliberal
1268:Yugoslavia
1219:capitalist
1149:Historical
1061:Referendum
1016:Ochlocracy
991:Liberalism
981:Initiative
858:Sociocracy
786:Procedural
756:Multiparty
717:Jacksonian
712:Industrial
692:Grassroots
677:Electronic
222:Background
6871:Civil War
6555:1997–1999
6550:1993–1994
6506:conflict
6361:2010–2011
6356:2002–2007
6335:1999–2003
6330:1989–1996
6277:2007–2009
6272:1990–1995
5788:Palestine
5548:First War
5418:1996–2001
5413:1992–1996
5408:1989–1992
5219:Indonesia
5105:East Asia
5049:Sri Lanka
4636:First War
4332:Abrahamic
4227:Vajrayana
4217:Theravada
4072:Mythology
4045:Languages
3833:Silk Road
3792:Old World
3622:Five Eyes
3617:EU–UK TCA
3459:Democracy
3348:Old Norse
3237:Abrahamic
3194:Peritrope
3176:Tolerance
3156:Socialism
2986:Mythology
2974:Classical
2923:Languages
2901:Astrology
2749:Modernism
2563:Old World
2415:154984982
2407:1468-2745
2343:211313948
2335:2391-6737
2223:0027-8378
2032:0145-2096
1940:157453375
1886:cite book
1760:Arms race
1679:Sputnik 1
1626:acquired
1518:Argentina
1470:Pizza Hut
1427:communism
1423:socialism
1391:Socialist
1365:apartheid
1304:Post-9/11
1223:communist
1086:Sortition
1041:Polyarchy
901:Anarchism
883:Workplace
863:Sovereign
853:Socialist
833:Sectarian
811:Christian
801:Religious
776:Pluralist
731:Illiberal
707:Inclusive
682:Empowered
657:Defensive
642:Consensus
588:Democracy
531:Red Scare
99:sovereign
7301:Cold War
7169:Cold War
6979:genocide
6679:Ethiopia
6587:Bush War
6580:Republic
6568:Pool War
6538:Republic
6455:DR Congo
6289:Mali War
6041:Cold War
5955:conflict
5283:Thailand
5203:Cambodia
4986:Pakistan
4906:Cold War
4612:Cold War
4325:Yazidism
4308:Tengrism
4259:Smartism
4254:Shaktism
4249:Shaivism
4234:Hinduism
4222:Mahayana
4200:Buddhism
4187:Religion
4170:Japanese
4082:Religion
4033:Japanese
4023:Folklore
4001:Buddhist
3991:Calendar
3962:Cyrillic
3922:Alphabet
3897:Cold War
3812:Islamdom
3682:Schengen
3612:Eurozone
3452:Property
3447:Religion
3338:Frankish
3328:Germanic
3308:Paganism
3229:Religion
3217:European
3129:Humanism
3032:Religion
2991:Painting
2957:Internet
2908:Folklore
2879:Clothing
2850:Calendar
2826:Cyrillic
2811:Alphabet
2774:Cold War
2313:Politeja
2283:Archived
2254:Archived
2152:Archived
2099:Archived
2068:Archived
1986:Archived
1876:11 March
1870:Archived
1826:Archived
1745:Cold War
1729:See also
1685:such as
1667:Cold War
1648:Pakistan
1620:Cold War
1585:Cold War
1570:Reagan's
1566:Cold War
1555:populism
1530:Cold War
1510:Cold War
1498:Cold War
1478:Shenzhen
1415:Islamist
1256:Mongolia
1051:Populism
806:Buddhist
751:Monitory
672:Economic
637:Cellular
632:Athenian
527:Cold War
310:Cold War
301:a series
299:Part of
232:Cold War
196:Iraq War
164:Gulf War
87:Cold War
6758:Somalia
6320:Liberia
6208:Nigeria
5757:Lebanon
5569:Bahrain
5245:Myanmar
4489:BIMSTEC
4410:Culture
4405:Judaism
4369:Eastern
4364:Culture
4342:Culture
4315:Iranian
4293:Shenism
4271:Jainism
4266:Sikhism
4239:Culture
4205:Culture
4195:Dharmic
4028:Chinese
4013:Cuisine
3996:Chinese
3984:History
3952:Brahmic
3914:Culture
3821:History
3773:culture
3527:Benelux
3432:Thought
3382:Atheism
3323:Finnish
3299:Culture
3294:Judaism
3256:Eastern
3252:Western
3247:Culture
3181:Paradox
3047:Decline
3008:Science
2884:History
2872:Studies
2855:Cuisine
2843:Periods
2803:Culture
2632:History
2598:Eastern
2593:Western
2544:culture
2472:Dædalus
2097:. PBS.
1703:Pulsars
1699:Quasars
1538:ARPANET
1496:in the
1381:in 1994
1373:embargo
1292:Vietnam
1264:Albania
816:Islamic
791:Radical
781:Popular
727:Liberal
608:Indices
598:History
512:during
502:fascism
371:Periods
328:Origins
97:become
7070:(1994)
7061:Others
6968:Others
6960:(2016)
6939:Uganda
6919:(2012)
6857:(2012)
6840:(2012)
6822:(1997)
6786:AMISOM
6638:Others
6494:(2009)
6432:Angola
6387:(2013)
6372:Others
6167:Others
5870:Turkey
5717:Israel
5330:Others
5176:Taiwan
5140:(North
5138:Korea
5075:Others
4427:Baháʼí
4417:Bábism
4298:Shinto
4283:Taoism
4165:Values
4038:Korean
3957:Arabic
3942:Hangul
3547:CANZUK
3437:Speech
3365:Slavic
3343:Gothic
3318:Celtic
3313:Baltic
3212:Values
3013:Values
2573:Greece
2453:
2413:
2405:
2366:12 May
2357:"UNTC"
2341:
2333:
2221:
2192:
2130:
2030:
1938:
1862:
1705:, and
1313:, the
1290:, and
1276:Angola
1274:, and
1144:Europe
1134:Africa
1128:Region
1101:Voting
1011:Motion
848:Social
826:Mormon
821:Jewish
736:Liquid
697:Guided
687:Ethnic
667:Direct
603:Theory
170:, the
7167:Post–
6886:Sudan
6802:Kenya
6100:Libya
6060:Egypt
6039:Post–
5901:Yemen
5847:Syria
5112:China
4923:India
4904:Post–
4610:Post–
4564:SEATO
4554:SAARC
4509:CPTPP
4494:CAREC
4469:ASEAN
4434:Druze
4422:Azali
4347:Sunni
4337:Islam
4303:Muism
4278:Taoic
4060:Chant
4055:Music
4006:Hindu
3967:Latin
3947:Hanja
3932:Kanji
3927:Hanzi
3702:USMCA
3557:CEFTA
3512:AUKUS
3502:ANZUS
3497:ANZUK
3442:Press
3360:Roman
3025:Sport
2969:Chant
2964:Music
2952:Media
2945:Canon
2891:Dance
2821:Latin
2816:Greek
2662:early
2411:S2CID
2339:S2CID
2286:(PDF)
2279:(PDF)
1936:S2CID
1445:(see
1260:Congo
746:Media
620:Types
180:First
172:First
149:BRICS
6609:Chad
6282:2012
6262:Mali
5662:Iraq
5585:Iran
5360:Moro
4549:RCEP
4524:EAEU
4504:CSTO
4454:APEC
4352:Shia
4065:Folk
3937:Kana
3771:and
3662:OSCE
3642:NATO
3587:EFTA
3552:CBSS
3537:BSEC
3427:Life
2979:Folk
2860:Diet
2672:late
2667:high
2583:Rome
2542:and
2451:ISBN
2403:ISSN
2368:2024
2331:ISSN
2294:2013
2262:2013
2235:2018
2219:ISSN
2190:ISBN
2160:2013
2128:ISBN
2107:2013
2076:2013
2028:ISSN
1994:2013
1954:link
1892:link
1878:2021
1860:ISBN
1834:2013
1665:The
1599:and
1581:BMDS
1553:and
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1468:and
1425:and
1413:and
1327:NATO
1288:Laos
1280:Cuba
1221:and
1139:Asia
838:Semi
766:Oral
258:talk
230:and
182:and
174:and
147:and
118:NATO
81:post
78:The
5353:NPA
4569:TCO
4559:SCO
4544:OTS
4539:GCC
4534:ECO
4499:CAU
3979:Art
3652:OAS
3597:ESA
3592:EPC
3582:EEA
3487:AER
3392:Law
3370:Neo
2918:Law
2838:Art
2395:doi
2321:doi
2182:doi
2020:doi
1928:doi
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1449:).
1244:G20
264:by
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