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1275:, and while using Arabic numerals for the denominations, did not include the country's name in Latin letters as required of UPU nations. The addition of "CHINA" to stamps' inscriptions began in 1992. Western collectors typically differentiate earlier stamps both by the serial numbers in the lower corner, and by the first character of the country name 中, the "square box with a vertical bar" being visually distinct from the inscription used by any other Asian country.
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resulted in a few stamps that are quite scarce, especially used. The typical pattern resulting in rarity was unauthorized sales before the official date of issue by isolated post offices of stamps which were then withdrawn from issue before the official date of issue. One rarity, an unissued 8f stamp
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in 1949, growing out of the posts that had been operating for several years in the communist controlled areas. Development was slow; by 1949 there was only 1 post office for every 370 square kilometers. Several of the communist controlled areas continued to operate their own postal systems; most were
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on a
Chinese supplied watermarked paper of varying thickness. The watermark can be difficult to detect on the thicker paper. New printings of the stamp, beginning in 1899 were on unwatermarked paper, but there are no recorded usages of this variety until 1901. These stamps continued in use until the
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Communist authorities issued stamps in areas over which they had control from 1930 onwards. These were usually in more remote areas, often on the mountainous borders of two provinces – hence they are often referred to as 'Border Areas'. For example, the earliest communist issues (the so-called 'Red
814:. The series was first printed in London, then in Beijing from 1915; they can be distinguished by close examination. The designs were re-engraved in 1923, and a number of design features were changed; for instance, the whitecaps in the water underneath the junk were removed, and the water darkened.
1369:
Institute of
Chinese Studies, University of Heidelberg, Germany: Shelfmark: HE6185.C55 T33 1989|title: 大龍郵票與清代郵史 / 中國郵票博物館 編 Ta-lung yu-p'iao yü Ch'ing-tai yu-shih / Chung-kuo yu-p'iao po-wu-kuan pien |Published: 香港 : 商務印書館 Hsiang-kang : Shang-wu yin-shu-kuan, 1989 |Description: 212 p.:
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out of north-east China in 1932. Although the state ceased to exist after the Second World War, it managed during its lifetime to create many interesting cultural chimeras, including stamps. The designs of
Manchukuo stamps show the influence of both countries. In fact, the 1944 Friendship Set was
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standard, and overprinted still more stamps as well as reissuing the Sun Yat-sen design valued in 1–500 cents. By August, the deteriorating political situation had caught up with the postal system, and the
Nationalists' last issues on the mainland were two of a planned series of pictorial designs
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In the meantime, various commemoratives marked conferences and other events of the young republic. In June 1952 a set of forty stamps depicting physical exercises was issued in conjunction with a radio program; ten exercises were illustrated, each with a block of four, where each stamp shows a
237:
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During the
Cultural Revolution era, between the year of 1967 and 1971, there were 19 sets total 80 stamps issued by the China Postal Service, with its distinct design and strong political overtone, these stamps became highly collectable after the end of Cultural Revolution.
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The first definitive series came in
February 1950, and featured the Gate of Heavenly Peace against a background of clouds. The nine values ranged from $ 200 to $ 10,000. The design was modified several times over the next year, and again in 1954, resulting in what
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standard was adopted, and an assortment of existing stamps were surcharged with values from 1/2c and up. This was a short-lived stopgap, and by early 1949 it became necessary to stamps and overprints with a range of values, again going up to $ 5,000,000.
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Inflation had been creating a need for ever-higher values throughout 1945, but in 1946 things went out of control; stocks of stamps, some dating back to 1931, were surcharged with values up to $ 2000, and a new design (still featuring a portrait of
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makes a first appearance, commemorating the unification of China. Finally on 30 May 1929, two days before the event, four stamps showing Sun Yat Sen's mausoleum were issued to commemorate his state funeral. New definitives of the so-called
1262:
In 1984 China had 53,000 post and telecommunications offices and 5 million kilometers of postal routes, including 240,000 kilometers of railroad postal routes, 624,000 kilometers of highway postal routes, and 230,000 kilometers of
269:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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routes. By 1985 post offices were handling 4.7 billion first-class letters and 25 billion newspapers and periodicals. In 1987, after a six-year hiatus, six-digit postal codes were ordered to be put into use.
1378:. Language: chi.; eng.|Corp. body: 中國郵票博物館 Chung-kuo yu-p'iao po-wu-kuan|Parallel Title: A picture album of The Large Dragon Stamps and the postal history of the Qing Dynasty|Subjects: Postage-stamps – China – History
1259:), which was established in 1949 and reestablished in 1973 after a two-year period during which the postal and telecommunications functions had been separated and the ministry downgraded to a subministerial level.
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China produced five new commemorative issues, of four stamps each, during the 1920s. The first, issued on 10 October 1921 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the
Chinese Post Office, featured then president
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During the occupation of several
Chinese regions by the Japanese (1937–1945), Chinese stamps were originally in use in the occupied territories. Since 1941, Chinese stamps were overprinted separately for
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issue of 1950 is numbered "5.3-2", indicating that it is the second stamp of three in the fifth stamp issue of China. The practice is only followed for commemorative and special stamps, regular
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The end of the conflict brought little respite to the
Nationalist government, which continued to struggle with Communist forces. But they were able to issue commemoratives to remember President
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Initially, all mail to foreign destinations went through
Shanghai, but by 1882 there were twelve post offices. On 20 March 1896, an edict directed that the Customs Post become the
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Although not the first appearance of Chiang Kai-shek on a stamp, this October 1945 commemoration of his inauguration includes a broader array of nationalistic symbols.
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from 1967 commemorating the 40th Anniversary of Establishment of Jing Gangshan Revolutionary Base, popularly known as "Big Blue Sky", which pictured Chairman Mao and
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1156:. This issue also inaugurated the innovative practice of numbering each type of stamp issued, usually in the lower left corner. For instance, the $ 800 value in the
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effective 1 January 1897; the Min Hsin Chu was shut down, as well as the Shanghai local post, and postal system adopted cents and dollars as the units of currency.
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Following the loss of mainland China, stamps are restricted to Taiwan and surrounding islands. Since 2008, stamps are inscribed "Republic of China (Taiwan)".
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and the Port Arthur and Dairen Post and Telegraph Administration continued to use their own stamps (due to the different currencies) until the end of 1950.
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549:, initially to carry consular mail to and from treaty ports. This service was opened to the public on 1 May 1878, and China's first postage stamps, the "
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830:. On 17 October 1923 a set showing the Temple of Heaven commemorated the new constitution. On 1 March 1928 a set depicting Marshal of the Army and Navy
1435:
Harris, Lane J. "Stumbling towards empire: the Shanghai Local Post Office, the transnational British community and informal empire in China, 1863–97."
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On 1 May 1949, the government took a desperate step, which was to print undenominated stamps, sold at the daily rate of the yuan. They then adopted a
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Harris, Lane. "The Post office and state formation in modern China, 1896–1949" (PhD. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012)
919:'Post of the Republic of China'; Sun Yat-sen, 25 cents (top right corner 貳角 2 Jiao = 2/10 Yuan + top left corner 伍分 5 Fen = 5/100 Yuan), 1931
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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end of the empire. During that time some colors were changed to comply with Universal Postal Union regulations, and three new values were added.
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This revolutionary overprint was made in London on a 30c imperial stamp. The overprint reads from top to bottom: "Republic of China"
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The postal service was established rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. By 1952 the principal postal networks centered on the capital,
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exists only as scraps salvaged from the destruction process. Only scraps from one stamp in the withdrawn set are known to exist.
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This 1-candareen stamp of 1885 has an unidentified seal cancellation and a postmark from the French post office in Shanghai.
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stamps of the previous government, with issues in March and August 1950, and May 1951. In addition, leftover stamps of the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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blossoms issue reaching $ 50,000 that year, then surpassed in 1948 with reissues topping out with a $ 5,000,000 stamp.
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Ma Ren Chuen, Ma's Illustrated Catalogue of the Stamps of China Revised edition, Tampa, Hill-Donnelly, 1998, pp. 75–79
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in London, and postmasters throughout the country made their own unofficial overprints using the same characters.
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reported that there were 10,000 post stages during that time. In addition, private letters were carried by the
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996:, who had died in 1943, to mark the October inauguration of Chiang, and to celebrate the Allied victory.
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call the "second" through "sixth" issues, each varying in minor ways, such as the layout of the clouds.
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The first new designs of the Republic were two commemorative sets of 12 each, the first set depicting
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in China goes back some 2,500 years, modern postal services were not established until 1877 by the
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to indicate that the post office was effectively a neutral area available to both sides, and at
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Wang, Chelsea Zi. "More Haste, Less Speed: Sources of Friction in the Ming Postal System."
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Through the first half of 1897, new stamps were unavailable, and so the existing stock was
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802:" went on sale 5 May 1913, and continued in use into the 1930s. The low values featured a
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Postal service was administered by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (now the
846:"Chinese Imperial Post" stamp with overprint from right to left: "Provisional Neutrality"
1391:, Volume I – Empire, Edited by Lee H. Hill, Jr., Tampa, Hill-Donnelly, 1995, pp. 138 ff.
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Severe inflation required a steady stream of overprints; this $ 2000 value is from 1946.
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from 1844 on. This expanded to involve dozens of cities, mostly on the coast, along the
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1947 saw a number of commemorative issues, and further inflation, a Sun Yat-sen with
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The 3c blue-green was first issued in 1910, one of the last stamps of imperial China
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The revolution of 1911 resulted in overprints on the imperial stamps in 1912; at
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was solved by enlisting the aid of the population. From 1954 onward a system of
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A 1923 definitive stamp showing a reaper on a field before the Temple of Heaven
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went on sale 16 August 1897. The twelve values, ranging from 1/2c to $ 5, were
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on 8 October 1949, consisting of a set of four depicting a lantern and the
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ordered to stop selling regional stamp issues by 30 June 1950, while the
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in the 12th century, China was integrated into the much larger Mongolian
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in the 1930s and 1940s. In modern times, postal delivery is handled by
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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of China were issued in 1909 to mark the 1st year of the reign of the
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1411:"Auction 9 Treasures of the Cultural Revolution January 30–31, 2010"
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A policy of isolation was forcibly ended in the 19th century by the
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1909 commemorative stamp marking the reign of the Xuantong Emperor
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The "Large Dragons", China's first postage stamps, 1878, of the
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in cents, with several variants distinguished by philatelists.
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Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
631:
In 1898, these were superseded by similar designs produced by
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69:
28:
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State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
4398:
National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation
491:
A 1/2-cent value of the 1897 issue, lithographed in Japan.
4746:
Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
940:, would see much overprinting in the next several years.
278:
to this template: there are already 928 articles in the
4519:
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
1191:
different position of arms and legs for the exercise.
316:{{Translated|ru|История почты и почтовых марок Китая}}
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were pressed into service in July 1950, and those of
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Regular government postal service is known from the
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a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
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2762:
2674:
2525:
2459:
2446:
2409:
2335:
2269:
2178:
2116:
2079:
2008:
1886:
1834:
1794:
1718:
1709:
780:). An additional set of overprints was produced by
147:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1154:Chinese People's Consultative Political Conference
932:were issued in 1931. These stamps, along with the
655:. The set of three (2c, 3c, 7c), all depicted the
4383:China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund
1389:Ma's Illustrated Catalogue of the Stamps of China
754:reading "Republic of China" (from top to bottom:
460:provided for the first regular exchange of mail.
4544:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
4368:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation
1498:Imperial China: History of the Posts (to) 1897,
1331:Postage stamps and postal history of Hong Kong
1271:For many years, China was not a member of the
1098:Postage stamps and postal history of Manchukuo
304:accompanying your translation by providing an
249:Click for important translation instructions.
236:expand this article with text translated from
5018:
4509:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
3681:
1683:
1567:
8:
4549:National Financial Regulatory Administration
1470:AskPhil – Glossary of Stamp Collecting Terms
1437:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
1144:The unified administration issued its first
156:"Postage stamps and postal history of China"
4761:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
3778:Grasping the large, letting go of the small
1326:Postage stamps and postal history of Taiwan
1074:was used for only a few months in mid-1949.
988:Postage stamps and postal history of Taiwan
914:
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5025:
5011:
5003:
4982:
4736:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area
4574:State Administration for Market Regulation
4559:National Development and Reform Commission
3688:
3674:
3666:
3331:
3017:
2768:
2456:
2452:
2113:
2085:
1715:
1690:
1676:
1668:
1574:
1560:
1552:
1336:Postage stamps and postal history of Macau
4443:National Equities Exchange and Quotations
346:Learn how and when to remove this message
207:Learn how and when to remove this message
4579:State Administration of Foreign Exchange
1175:The postal system found it necessary to
891:
870:A 1923 definitive stamp featuring a junk
100:of all important aspects of the article.
5490:
1362:
1152:, commemorating the 1st session of the
1032:
836:
679:stamp surcharged in 1897 for postal use
665:
398:is complicated by the gradual decay of
4554:National Bureau of Statistics of China
4524:China Securities Regulatory Commission
2625:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1111:printed in both Chinese and Japanese.
283:
96:Please consider expanding the lead to
962:Posts') were in mountainous areas of
422:in the 1st millennium BC. During the
7:
4771:Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone
4716:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
4514:All-China Federation of Trade Unions
1086:A 1959 stamp of the island of Taiwan
936:of 1932 honoring six martyrs of the
834:marked his assumption of that role.
145:adding citations to reliable sources
4248:Hong Kong Trade Development Council
3321:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
1504:Encyclopaedia of Postal Authorities
795:, both issued on 14 December 1912.
3752:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns
1301:China Philatelic Society of London
822:in the center, flanked by Premier
628:in the form of a yin-yang symbol.
25:
4776:Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone
4529:General Administration of Customs
4393:China Reform Holdings Corporation
3784:Scientific Outlook on Development
2616:Political Consultative Conference
1114:
545:developed a mail service for the
44:This article has multiple issues.
5517:
5505:
5493:
5441:
4981:
4972:
4971:
4823:2008–2009 economic stimulus plan
4584:State Administration of Taxation
4472:Stock Exchange Executive Council
4326:
4325:
3939:
3938:
3706:
3705:
3402:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
3397:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
1583:
1525:
1500:Sahara Publications Ltd. (1998).
1257:Ministry of Information Industry
1079:
1059:
1047:
1035:
875:
863:
851:
839:
720:
708:
696:
684:
668:
596:The first new stamps, inscribed
223:
121:
74:
33:
4833:2015–16 stock market turbulence
4756:Pearl River Delta Economic Zone
3392:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
2589:Political parties and movements
1953:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
1938:Northern and Southern dynasties
1475:Encyclopaedia of Postal History
944:Japanese occupation and wartime
616:, and the dollar values a wild
541:In the same year, the Irishman
402:and the years of civil war and
132:needs additional citations for
88:may be too short to adequately
52:or discuss these issues on the
5305:Palestinian National Authority
4751:Northeast China Revitalization
4388:China Internet Investment Fund
4373:China Government Guidance Fund
909:
826:and Minister of Communication
776:
767:
759:
567:
558:
518:and the subsequent opening of
506:
497:
378:
369:
314:You may also add the template
98:provide an accessible overview
1:
4843:China–United States trade war
4708:Regional economic initiatives
4661:National economic initiatives
4378:China-Africa Development Fund
3772:Deng Xiaoping's southern tour
1296:Local postal surcharge labels
1291:List of postal codes in China
1125:General Postal Administration
1027:denominated in silver yuan.
4944:List of Chinese by net worth
4927:China Compulsory Certificate
4838:Protein export contamination
4489:Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
4405:China Investment Corporation
3869:Business process outsourcing
2694:Ministry of National Defense
2033:Chinese Communist Revolution
1164:having no special markings.
624:used for these stamps had a
608:. The low values depicted a
4258:Water supply and sanitation
3357:Flowers of the Four Seasons
3342:Four Treasures of the Study
2961:Water supply and sanitation
2689:Central Military Commission
2684:Outline of military history
2434:Province-level subdivisions
1515:. London: Macdonald, 1986.
1486:. London: Macdonald, 1986.
1316:Chinese postal romanization
1311:Chinese Golden Monkey stamp
327:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
286:will aid in categorization.
5566:
4766:Rise of Central China Plan
4564:National Energy Commission
2630:Primary stage of socialism
2572:National People's Congress
2040:People's Republic of China
1287:, national postal service.
1248:was tried in agricultural
1208:on the podium overlooking
1121:People's Republic of China
1115:People's Republic of China
1095:
985:
261:Machine translation, like
5433:
5045:
4962:
4799:2005–2011 property bubble
4731:China Western Development
4438:Dalian Commodity Exchange
3703:
3627:
3020:
2771:
2455:
2380:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
2088:
1651:
1596:
1543:Federal Research Division
1134:Northeast Liberation Area
1119:The postal system of the
900:
593:were surcharged as well.
547:Imperial Maritime Customs
522:; several nations opened
238:the corresponding article
4673:Belt and Road Initiative
4652:Rural credit cooperative
4425:Foreign exchange reserve
4358:Beijing Financial Street
3767:Socialist market economy
3555:Catholic Church in China
2699:People's Liberation Army
2666:One country, two systems
910:Zhōnghuá Mínguó Yóuzhèng
798:The definitives of the "
530:, and in the far south.
5540:Postal history of China
5275:Netherlands East Indies
4915:Globalization and women
4781:Zhongyuan Economic Zone
4721:Beibu Gulf Economic Rim
4501:Government institutions
4477:Shenzhen Stock Exchange
4467:Shanghai Metal Exchange
4455:Shanghai Stock Exchange
4119:Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park
4104:Megalopolises in China
3387:Four Pillars of Destiny
3172:Regional discrimination
2594:Chinese Communist Party
1590:Postal service of China
1341:Revenue stamps of China
1123:was established as the
580:Imperial Postal Service
325:For more guidance, see
18:Postal history of China
5545:Postal system of China
4954:Science and technology
4848:2020–2021 reform spree
4602:International rankings
4448:Beijing Stock Exchange
4114:Suzhou Industrial Park
4109:Special Economic Zones
3140:Science and technology
2813:Special economic zones
2065:persecution of Uyghurs
1993:Century of humiliation
1273:Universal Postal Union
1181:Northeastern Provinces
1150:Gate of Heavenly Peace
920:
888:Nationalist government
612:, the middle values a
511:
484:
383:
4304:Intellectual property
3799:1949–1976 wage reform
3742:Industrial Revolution
3347:Four Great Inventions
2731:People's Armed Police
1466:Ltd: various catalogs
1439:46.3 (2018): 418–445.
1004:) went up to $ 5000.
978:, bordering Jiangxi.
974:border area and west
895:
641:CHINESE IMPERIAL POST
598:IMPERIAL CHINESE POST
490:
482:
363:
298:copyright attribution
5448:Philately portal
5405:United Arab Emirates
5140:Far Eastern Republic
4992:Economy of East Asia
4698:Youth Business China
4534:Ministry of Commerce
4482:SZSE Component Index
4099:Dalian Software Park
3326:World Heritage Sites
2854:Foreign aid received
2562:Environmental policy
2360:Environmental policy
2355:Environmental issues
1611:China Post Group Co.
1453:40.2 (2019): 89–140.
1413:. InterAsia Auctions
1236:to places below the
1230:First Five-Year Plan
649:commemorative stamps
524:foreign post offices
510:Great Qing Land Post
141:improve this article
5360:Straits Settlements
4539:Ministry of Finance
4460:SSE Composite Index
4430:Hedge fund industry
4277:Law and regulations
3984:academic publishing
3762:Four Modernizations
3572:History of religion
3567:Freedom of religion
3422:Four Pests campaign
3367:Four Classic Novels
2979:Automotive industry
2859:Foreign aid program
2550:Pro-democratisation
2045:Cultural Revolution
1626:Postal Savings Bank
1511:& John Flower.
1482:& John Flower.
1451:Late Imperial China
1306:China Stamp Society
1201:Cultural Revolution
1195:Cultural Revolution
764:traditional Chinese
536:Shanghai local post
404:Japanese occupation
386:The history of the
5550:Philately of China
5420:Western New Guinea
4949:Chinese economists
4922:National Standards
4818:2007 slave scandal
4726:Bohai Economic Rim
4693:Made in China 2025
4642:Internal migration
4627:Standard of living
4415:Financial services
4289:Labor contract law
4243:Illegal drug trade
4213:World Trade Center
4049:Telecommunications
3997:equipment industry
3829:Advanced materials
3794:Population history
3757:Great Leap Forward
3711:Companies of China
3479:Population history
3459:Internal migration
3074:Harmonious Society
2949:Telecommunications
2906:Standard of living
2825:Online advertising
2577:Standing Committee
1346:Sun Yat-sen stamps
1187:in December 1950.
930:Sun Yat-sen stamps
921:
756:simplified Chinese
738:Beiyang government
534:organized its own
512:
507:Dàqīngguó yóuzhèng
485:
452:). Later the 1727
384:
306:interlanguage link
5481:
5480:
5000:
4999:
4813:2007 stock bubble
4678:Common prosperity
4668:Beijing Consensus
4622:Income inequality
4091:Development Zones
3663:
3662:
3623:
3622:
3430:
3429:
3007:
3006:
2994:Shipping industry
2758:
2757:
2724:Strategic Support
2599:General Secretary
2584:National security
2567:Foreign relations
2521:
2520:
2442:
2441:
2405:
2404:
2108:Natural disasters
2075:
2074:
2028:Chinese Civil War
2023:Republic of China
1998:Taiping Rebellion
1871:Spring and Autumn
1776:Foreign relations
1665:
1664:
1606:State Post Bureau
1376:978-962-07-5077-9
1321:Murray Collection
1162:definitive stamps
982:Post–World War II
923:On 18 April 1929
917:
782:Waterlow and Sons
733:Republic of China
454:Treaty of Kyakhta
356:
355:
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338:
337:
250:
246:
217:
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209:
191:
115:
114:
67:
16:(Redirected from
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5510:
5509:
5508:
5498:
5497:
5489:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5315:Portuguese India
5027:
5020:
5013:
5004:
4987:Outline of China
4985:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4808:pet food recalls
4683:Dual circulation
4434:Stock Exchanges
4363:Financial system
4329:
4328:
4268:Trading partners
4014:Renewable energy
3942:
3941:
3709:
3708:
3697:Economy of China
3690:
3683:
3676:
3667:
3643:
3636:
3533:Tibetan Buddhism
3528:Chinese Buddhism
3382:Four Holy Beasts
3332:
3184:Social relations
3113:Standard Chinese
3108:Chinese language
3018:
2803:Economic history
2769:
2748:Maritime Militia
2457:
2453:
2424:Border crossings
2419:Baseline islands
2114:
2086:
2050:Tiananmen Square
1933:Sixteen Kingdoms
1741:Military history
1716:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1631:Philatelic Corp.
1588:
1587:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1546:
1529:
1528:
1509:Rossiter, Stuart
1480:Rossiter, Stuart
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1367:
1210:Tienanmen Square
1102:Japan created a
1083:
1063:
1051:
1039:
918:
915:
911:
902:
879:
867:
855:
843:
808:Hall of Classics
778:
769:
761:
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688:
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657:Temple of Heaven
653:Xuantong Emperor
639:, and inscribed
569:
560:
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285:
284:|topic=
282:, and specifying
267:Google Translate
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5265:Muscat and Oman
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4294:Labor relations
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3971:Pharmaceuticals
3803:
3737:Five-year plans
3713:
3699:
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3591:
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3469:Life expectancy
3426:
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3130:Public holidays
3118:Written Chinese
3103:Intellectualism
3055:Sex trafficking
3003:
2965:
2925:
2754:
2670:
2517:
2508:Nationality law
2491:Law enforcement
2469:Judicial system
2438:
2401:
2375:Nature reserves
2365:Protected areas
2331:
2302:Water resources
2265:
2174:
2112:
2071:
2055:Economic reform
2018:1911 Revolution
2004:
1968:Jin (1115–1234)
1882:
1830:
1790:
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1696:
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1647:
1616:Postal Airlines
1592:
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1538:Country Studies
1535:
1526:
1513:The Stamp Atlas
1496:Richard Pratt,
1484:The Stamp Atlas
1464:Stanley Gibbons
1460:
1432:
1430:Further reading
1427:
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1075:
1070:overprint on a
1064:
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990:
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959:
957:Communist posts
946:
925:Chiang Kai-shek
890:
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568:dà lóng yóupiào
492:
474:Qing government
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5075:Annam-Tongking
5072:
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5057:
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5042:
5038:postal history
5034:Postage stamps
5032:
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5022:
5015:
5007:
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4858:Related topics
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4228:Postal history
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4223:Communications
4220:
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4210:
4204:
4202:
4200:infrastructure
4192:
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4188:
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4157:Oil refineries
4154:
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3899:Electric power
3896:
3894:Electric motor
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3796:
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3789:Historical GDP
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3759:
3754:
3749:
3747:Iron rice bowl
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3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3352:Four Gentlemen
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3335:Fours of China
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2984:Civil aviation
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2933:
2931:
2930:Infrastructure
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Semiconductors
2881:
2876:
2866:
2864:Historical GDP
2861:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:Vice President
2634:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:National parks
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Climate policy
2347:
2345:Climate change
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2251:Central Plains
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:Extreme points
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1906:Three Kingdoms
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1876:Warring States
1873:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Historiography
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1658:communications
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1523:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1402:
1393:
1387:Ma Ren Chuen,
1380:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1277:
1246:postal workers
1221:
1220:Postal service
1218:
1196:
1193:
1146:postage stamps
1141:
1140:Postage stamps
1138:
1116:
1113:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1034:
983:
980:
958:
955:
951:Inner Mongolia
945:
942:
889:
886:
885:
884:
881:
874:
872:
869:
862:
860:
857:
850:
848:
845:
838:
777:zhōnghuámínguó
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
726:
719:
717:
714:
707:
705:
702:
695:
693:
690:
683:
681:
674:
667:
591:Revenue stamps
470:postal service
465:
462:
442:, a system of
415:
412:
400:Imperial China
392:postal history
388:postage stamps
354:
353:
336:
335:
331:
330:
323:
312:
290:
287:
275:adding a topic
270:
259:
252:
245:(January 2015)
233:
232:
231:
229:
222:
215:
214:
129:
127:
120:
113:
112:
92:the key points
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5562:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5503:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5487:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Indian States
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5005:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4980:
4978:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4933:Made in China
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4910:Globalization
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4688:Go Out policy
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:Trade history
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Energy policy
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Pearl farming
3964:
3962:
3961:Online gaming
3959:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Biotechnology
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3560:Protestantism
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3545:Folk religion
3543:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:Ethnic groups
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Four Beauties
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Urban society
3199:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:Social issues
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Rural society
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Chinese Dream
3033:
3031:
3028:
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130:This article
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2249: /
2245: /
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1436:
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1238:county level
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464:Qing dynasty
447:
440:Min Hsin Chu
424:Yuan dynasty
420:Zhou dynasty
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302:edit summary
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139:Please help
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1096:See also:
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938:Kuomintang
828:Ye Gongzuo
800:Junk issue
647:The first
587:surcharged
573:candareens
538:in 1865.
436:Marco Polo
408:China Post
379:yóuzhèngjú
240:in Russian
197:April 2010
167:newspapers
49:improve it
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4968:See also:
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2243:Northeast
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1719:Overviews
1654:Transport
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1357:Citations
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1108:Manchukuo
1092:Manchukuo
1016:gold yuan
633:engraving
626:watermark
516:Opium War
468:Although
320:talk page
272:Consider
90:summarize
55:talk page
5458:Americas
5437:See also
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1660:in China
1279:See also
1206:Lin Biao
752:Shanghai
532:Shanghai
434:system.
296:provide
5486:Portals
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5415:Vietnam
5340:Sharjah
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5090:Bahrain
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5040:of Asia
4939:Mingong
4886:Top 500
4881:Largest
4612:Poverty
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4318:banking
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2093:Borders
1836:Ancient
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1458:Sources
1265:airmail
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1106:called
994:Lin Sen
964:Jiangxi
897:Chinese
812:Beijing
748:Nanjing
661:Beijing
555:Chinese
494:Chinese
366:Chinese
318:to the
300:in the
242:.
181:scholar
5463:Europe
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5390:Turkey
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5325:Russia
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2010:Modern
1701:
1534:.
1519:
1490:
1444:Online
1374:
976:Fujian
966:, the
907::
905:pinyin
901:中華民國郵政
899::
774::
772:pinyin
766::
758::
744:Fuzhou
637:London
620:. The
610:dragon
565::
563:pinyin
557::
504::
502:pinyin
496::
458:Russia
426:under
376::
374:pinyin
368::
183:
176:
169:
162:
154:
5512:China
5425:Yemen
5385:Tibet
5365:Syria
5320:Qatar
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3641:Index
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3505:Women
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3254:Dance
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2306:Seas
2282:Lakes
2270:Water
2247:North
2211:Hills
2196:Caves
2151:South
2136:North
1849:Shang
1699:China
1066:This
972:Hubei
968:Hunan
622:paper
618:goose
606:Japan
498:大淸國郵政
456:with
449:hongs
432:Örtöö
396:China
263:DeepL
188:JSTOR
174:books
5500:Asia
5225:Laos
5180:Iraq
5175:Iran
5055:Aden
5036:and
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4198:and
4174:Wind
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4034:Silk
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3615:Flag
3196:Time
2989:Rail
2837:Coal
2709:Navy
2479:LGBT
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2126:East
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1978:Ming
1973:Yuan
1963:Song
1958:Liao
1948:Tang
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559:大龍郵票
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1911:Wei
1901:Han
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1844:Xia
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