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cognition of things and the world. The fusion of the human body with technology within the organism lays the groundwork for the emergence of individuals endowed with new attributes and capabilities. Human beings and the modification of their psycho-physical characteristics become subjects of direct manipulation, necessitating a reevaluation of the concept of humanity from various humanistic, philosophical, and biological perspectives.
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emphasis is on systems. Transhumanism does not focus on either of these. Instead, transhumanism focuses on the modification of the human species via any kind of emerging science, including genetic engineering, digital technology, and bioengineering. Transhumanism is sometimes criticized for not adequately addressing the scope of
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killed off); it âcalls for a more inclusive definition of life, and a greater moral-ethical response, and responsibility, to non-human life forms in the age of species blurring and species mixing. ⌠t interrogates the hierarchic orderingâand subsequently exploitation and even eradicationâof life forms.â
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Human ability to incorporate inorganic elements of technological nature into oneself can radically alter both inner and outer appearance, transforming individuals into cyborgs. This new hybrid form replaces the humanistic view of humanity and raises a series of new philosophical questions concerning
232:
The idea of post-posthumanism (post-cyborgism) has recently been introduced. This body of work outlines the after-effects of long-term adaptation to cyborg technologies and their subsequent removal, e.g., what happens after 20 years of constantly wearing computer-mediating eyeglass technologies and
236:
Posthuman political and natural rights have been framed on a spectrum with animal rights and human rights. Posthumanism broadens the scope of what it means to be a valued life form and to be treated as such (in contrast to certain life forms being seen as less-than and being taken advantage of or
290:
by our current standards." Posthumans primarily focus on cybernetics, the posthuman consequent and the relationship to digital technology. Steve
Nichols published the Posthuman Movement manifesto in 1988. His early evolutionary theory of mind (MVT) allows development of sentient E1 brains. The
245:
Technology integrated into the human body changes how individuals interact with the external world. Sensory activity is mediated by technology, creating a new interface with the world. The introduction of nanotechnologies and hybrid computing into the organism alters the normal perception and
402:
as potential evolutions of the human form and being. With these potential evolutions of humans and posthumans, human centered designed ways of thinking needs to also be inclusive of these new posthumans. The new "post human resists binary categories and, instead, integrates the human and the
834:
Mann, Steve. "'WearCam'(The wearable camera): personal imaging systems for long-term use in wearable tetherless computer-mediated reality and personal photo/videographic memory prosthesis." In
Wearable Computers, 1998. Digest of Papers. Second International Symposium on, pp. 124-131. IEEE,
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says that both humans and posthumans will continue to exist but the latter will predominate in society over the former because of their abilities. Recently, scholars have begun to speculate that posthumanism provides an alternative analysis of apocalyptic cinema and fiction, often casting
223:
in question. Hayles maintains that we must be conscious of information technology advancements while understanding information as "disembodied," that is, something which cannot fundamentally replace the human body but can only be incorporated into it and human life practices.
88:
that means a person or entity that exists in a state beyond being human. The concept aims at addressing a variety of questions, including ethics and justice, language and trans-species communication, social systems, and the intellectual aspirations of interdisciplinarity.
99:(the biotechnological enhancement of human beings) and narrow definitions of the posthuman as the hoped-for transcendence of materiality. The notion of the posthuman comes up both in posthumanism as well as transhumanism, but it has a special meaning in each tradition.
485:ârather, it merely means that some posthuman beings may become so exceedingly intelligent and technologically sophisticated that their behaviour would not possibly be comprehensible to modern humans, purely by reason of their limited intelligence and imagination.
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subsequently removing them, and of long-term adaptation to virtual worlds followed by return to "reality." and the associated post-cyborg ethics (e.g. the ethics of forced removal of cyborg technologies by authorities, etc.).
796:
Bredenoord, Annelien L., Rieke van der Graaf, and
Johannes JM van Delden. "Toward a "Post-Posthuman Dignity Area" in Evaluating Emerging Enhancement Technologies." The American Journal of Bioethics 10, no. 7 (2010):
806:
Mann, Steve, James Fung, Mark
Federman, and Gianluca Baccanico. "Panopdecon: deconstructing, decontaminating, and decontextualizing panopticism in the postcyborg era." Surveillance & Society 1, no. 3 (2002):
681:
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Especially for new generations, the combination of carnal body and virtual body can determine forms of identity hybridization and possible negative effects on identity formation.
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Approaches to posthumanism are not homogeneous, and have often been very critical. The term itself is contested, with one of the foremost authors associated with posthumanism,
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prompted the issue to be taken up in critical theory. Following
Haraway, Hayles, whose work grounds much of the critical posthuman discourse, asserts that liberal humanismâ
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and dedication to objective observations. Key to this posthuman practice is the ability to fluidly change perspectives and manifest oneself through different
860:
Muri, Allison. The
Enlightenment cyborg: a history of communications and control in the human machine, 1660-1830. University of Toronto Press, 2007.
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A variation on the posthuman theme is the notion of a "posthuman god"; the idea that posthumans, being no longer confined to the parameters of
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and thus portrays the body as a "shell" or vehicle for the mindâbecomes increasingly complicated in the late 20th and 21st centuries because
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141:. Thus, the posthuman position recognizes imperfectability and disunity within oneself, and understands the world through heterogeneous
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164:, but rather one who can "become" or embody different identities and understand the world from multiple, heterogeneous perspectives.
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Campbell, Heidi A. "Postcyborg Ethics: A New Way to Speak of
Technology." Explorations in Media Ecology 5, no. 4 (2006): 279-296.
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199:. Haraway's conception of the cyborg is an ironic take on traditional conceptions of the cyborg that inverts the traditional
825:
Spiller, Neil. "The
Magical Architecture in Drawing Drawings." Journal of Architectural Education 67, no. 2 (2013): 264-269.
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477:-like by present-day human standards. This notion should not be interpreted as being related to the idea portrayed in some
321:, or the result of making many smaller but cumulatively profound technological augmentations to a biological human, i.e. a
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being "whose basic capacities so radically exceed those of present humans as to be no longer unambiguously
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Haraway, Donna (1985). "Manifesto for cyborgs: science, technology, and socialist feminism in the 1980s".
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926:"The syndrome of multiple bodies: the transformative impact of the onlife existence on preadolescents"
682:"Trespassers of Body Boundaries: The Cyborg and the Construction of a Postgendered Posthuman Identity"
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Posthumans could be completely synthetic artificial intelligences, or a symbiosis of human and
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872:, 2015. "Posthuman Rights: Dimensions of Transhuman Worlds". Revista Teknokultura 12(2).
847:, Yohan Baillot, Reinhold Behringer, Steven Feiner, Simon Julier, and Blair MacIntyre. "
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Identified Flying
Objects A Multidisciplinary Scientific Approach to the UFO Phenomenon
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Virtual
Immortality. God, Evolution, and the Singularity in Post- and Transhumanism.
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How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics
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rather than a stable one; in other words, the posthuman is not a singular, defined
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117:, the posthuman is a speculative being that represents or seeks to re-conceive the
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As used in this article, "posthuman" does not necessarily refer to a conjectured
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406:" Human centered thinking needs to be redone in a way to include posthumanism.
207:. Haraway's cyborg is in many ways the "beta" version of the posthuman, as her
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Further information on an intermediate form between human and posthuman:
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of the cyborg whose presence questions the salient line between humans and
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under a single term is distinctly problematic due to these contradictions.
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121:. It is the object of posthumanist criticism, which critically questions
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Routledge, New York: 1991. "A Cyborg Manifesto" originally appeared in
325:. Some examples of the latter are redesigning the human organism using
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473:, might grow physically and mentally so powerful as to appear possibly
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Mann, Steve. "The post-cyborg path to deconism." CTheory (2003): 2-18.
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or radical enhancement using some combination of technologies such as
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Fantasies of Self-Mourning: Modernism, the Posthuman and the Finite
851:." IEEE computer graphics and applications 21, no. 6 (2001): 34-47.
568:, in which all aspects of the concept "posthuman" can be analysed.
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Hybrid Interfaces: Supersenses, Cyborg Systems, and Hybrid Bodies
998:"What is the difference between posthumanism and transhumanism?"
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153:. The posthuman, for critical theorists of the subject, has an
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that a sufficiently advanced species may "ascend" to a higher
1236:"Journal of Posthuman Studies: Philosophy, Technology, Media"
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Better Off Dead: The Evolution of the Zombie as Post-Human
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emerges; human nature is autonomous, rational, capable of
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Person or entity that exists in a state beyond being human
125:, a branch of humanist philosophy which claims that
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Post Human: experiences and issues in art criticism
1171:Deborah Christie, Sarah Juliet Lauro, ed. (2011).
1002:Institute for Ethics and Transforming Technologies
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686:Critical Approaches to Ethnic American Literature
461:, have written works set in posthuman futures.
185:The posthuman is roughly synonymous with the "
8:
1060:Critical Posthumanism and Planetary Futures
634:Haraway, Donna J, "Situated Knowledges" in
1124:. Masters Creative LLC. pp. 168â213.
1028:Prometheus: Critical Studies in Innovation
129:is a universal state from which the human
72:is a concept originating in the fields of
1039:
941:
620:Post- and Transhumanism: an Introduction.
1118:Masters, Michael Paul (March 15, 2019).
282:thinkers, a posthuman is a hypothetical
228:Post-posthumanism and post-cyborg ethics
1151:. Full Circle Press. pp. 273â286.
577:
137:, and unified in itself as the apex of
1145:Masters, Dr Michael Paul (June 2022).
295:and its concerns for the evolution of
213:which separates the mind from the body
56:, two fictional posthuman species in
7:
1198:Orion's Arm - Encyclopedia Galactica
849:Recent advances in augmented reality
1056:"Space Migration Must Be Posthuman"
924:Digennaro, Simone (April 4, 2024).
888:. Cambridge: Polity. pp. 8â9.
25:
996:LaGrandeur, Kevin (2014-07-28).
1082:. University of Illinois Press.
978:from the original on 2006-12-31
767:. University Of Chicago Press.
680:Mateos-Aparicio, Ăngel (2007).
1175:. Fordham Univ Press. p. 169.
1:
1225:, Bielefeld: transcript 2021
1041:10.13169/prometheus.38.2.0271
377:or otherwise absent from the
1024:"Review of On Transhumanism"
740:Simians, Cyborgs, and Women.
636:Simians, Cyborgs, and Women.
566:Journal of Posthuman Studies
357:or implanted computers, and
347:information management tools
1266:Fictional species and races
554:Penn State University Press
95:is not to be confused with
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1148:The Extratempestrial Model
943:10.3389/feduc.2024.1362448
306:
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145:while seeking to maintain
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32:Posthuman (disambiguation)
29:
971:. Version 3.0. c. 2016 .
884:Nayar, Pramod K. (2014).
694:10.1163/9789401204774_014
531:Technological singularity
250:ethics and human nature.
319:uploaded consciousnesses
37:Not to be confused with
1217:, Jan 2002, see also *
1076:Warwick, Kevin (2004).
1022:Evans, W. (June 2022).
688:(2): 243â296, 298â299.
411:science fiction authors
327:advanced nanotechnology
315:artificial intelligence
180:How We Became Posthuman
173:The Posthuman Condition
1286:Science fiction themes
930:Frontiers in Education
351:memory enhancing drugs
217:information technology
62:
558:Stefan Lorenz Sorgner
526:Speculative evolution
457:, and authors of the
307:Further information:
47:
1093:Borg, Ruben (2019).
1054:Ferrando, Francesca
757:Hayles, N. Katherine
614:Ferrando, Francesca
556:in cooperation with
459:Orion's Arm Universe
30:For other uses, see
963:"Transhumanist FAQ"
596:on November 8, 2017
331:genetic engineering
1215:Shermer's Last Law
1066:2016, pp. 243-256.
738:Haraway, Donna J,
625:, Frankfurt: 2014.
483:plane of existence
375:humans are extinct
335:psychopharmacology
192:A Cyborg Manifesto
147:intellectual rigor
63:
1097:. Leiden: Brill.
774:978-0-226-32146-2
703:978-94-012-0477-4
590:Oxford Dictionary
451:Peter F. Hamilton
343:neural interfaces
309:Human enhancement
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496:Body hacking
471:human nature
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52:carrying an
870:Woody Evans
447:Ken MacLeod
419:H. G. Wells
345:, advanced
341:therapies,
1250:Categories
1007:8 November
982:2018-08-13
666:2009-01-16
623:Peter Lang
616:"The Body"
600:8 November
572:References
455:Ann Leckie
443:Neal Asher
413:, such as
392:werewolves
274:Transhuman
268:Definition
221:human body
162:individual
151:identities
86:philosophy
78:futurology
70:post-human
39:posthumous
1079:I, Cyborg
968:Humanity+
728:: 65â108.
639:Routledge
552:In 2017,
435:Greg Bear
415:Greg Egan
403:nonhuman.
359:cognitive
219:puts the
139:existence
135:free will
66:Posthuman
1276:Ontology
1064:Springer
973:Archived
807:375-398.
759:(1999).
746:in 1985.
541:Web life
511:Nanopunk
489:See also
388:vampires
355:wearable
297:humanism
177:Hayles's
158:ontology
155:emergent
123:humanism
501:Biopunk
396:zombies
303:Methods
50:Morlock
1179:
1155:
1128:
1101:
892:
797:55-57.
771:
700:
373:where
371:future
323:cyborg
284:future
205:robots
187:cyborg
175:, and
84:, and
976:(PDF)
835:1998.
709:6 May
409:Many
400:greys
379:Earth
317:, or
288:human
201:trope
189:" of
131:being
119:human
1177:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1009:2017
890:ISBN
769:ISBN
711:2024
698:ISBN
602:2017
560:and
398:and
54:Eloi
1058:in
1036:doi
938:doi
690:doi
618:in
475:god
195:by
113:In
68:or
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