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universal values. Yet those explanations seem to me highly unsatisfactory. The decisive factor, it seems to me, is the general inflexibility of social and psychological praxes - their failure to adapt - as well as a widespread incapacity to perceive the erroneousness of partitioning off the real into a number of separate fields. It is quite simply wrong to regard action on the psyche, the socius, and the environment as separate. Indeed, if we continue - as the media would have us do - to refuse squarely to confront the simultaneous degradation of these three areas, we will in effect be acquiescing in a general infantilization of opinion, a destruction and neutralization of democracy. We need to 'kick the habit' of sedative consumption, of television discourse in particular; we need to apprehend the world through the interchangeable lenses of the three ecologies.
747:'s criticism of the dualism between conceptual scheme and empirical content, he challenges the sense of questioning whether our particular concepts are related to the world in an appropriate way, whether we can justify our ways of describing the world as compared with other ways. He argued that truth was not about getting it right or representing reality, but was part of a social practice and language was what served our purposes in a particular time; ancient languages are sometimes untranslatable into modern ones because they possess a different vocabulary and are unuseful today. Donald Davidson is not usually considered a postmodernist, although he and Rorty have both acknowledged that there are few differences between their philosophies.
464:; Feyerabend held that modern science is no more justified than witchcraft, and has denounced the "tyranny" of "abstract concepts such as 'truth', 'reality', or 'objectivity', which narrow people's vision and ways of being in the world". Feyerabend also defended astrology, adopted alternative medicine, and sympathized with creationism. Defenders of postmodernism state that many descriptions of postmodernism exaggerate its antipathy to science; for example, Feyerabend denied that he was "anti-science", accepted that some scientific
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685:. He further argued that in our postmodern condition, these metanarratives no longer work to legitimize truth-claims. He suggested that in the wake of the collapse of modern metanarratives, people are developing a new "language-game"—one that does not make claims to absolute truth but rather celebrates a world of ever-changing relationships (among people and between people and the world).
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834:, Jean Baudrillard noted: " are better terms than "postmodernism". It is not about modernity; it is about every system that has developed its mode of expression to the extent that it surpasses itself and its own logic. This is what I am trying to analyze." "There is no longer any ontologically secret substance. I perceive this to be nihilism rather than postmodernism."
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on the United States of
America is the catalyst for his explanation. In response, Kellner continues to examine the repercussions of understanding the effects of the 11 September attacks. He questions if the attacks are only able to be understood in a limited form of postmodern theory due to the level
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insists that the "assumptions and procedures of modern theory" must be forgotten. Kellner analyzes the terms of this theory in real-life experiences and examples. Kellner uses science and technology studies as a major part of his analysis; he urges that the theory is incomplete without it. The scale
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Structuralism, and subsequently postmodernism, have accustomed us to a vision of the world in which human interventions - concrete politics and micropolitics - are no longer relevant. The withering away of social praxis is explained in terms of the death of ideologies, or of some supposed return to
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and Lewis Vaughn wrote: "the statement that 'No unrestricted universal generalizations are true' is itself an unrestricted universal generalization. So if relativism in any of its forms is true, it's false." Some responses to postmodernist relativism argue that, contrary to its proponents' usual
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is something like a unified, complete, universal, and epistemically certain story about everything that is. Postmodernists reject metanarratives because they reject the conceptualization of truth that metanarratives presuppose. Postmodernist philosophers in general argue that truth is always
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stated that its hypotheses "should not be accorded predictive value in relation to reality, but strategic value in relation to the questions raised". Lyotard's statement in 1984 that "I define postmodern as incredulity toward meta-narratives" extends to incredulity toward science.
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Some criticism responds to postmodernist skepticism towards objective reality and claims that truth and morality are relative, including the argument that this relativism is self-contradictory. In part in reference to postmodernism, conservative
English philosopher
830:, rejected its theoretical assumptions by arguing that the structuralist and postmodernist visions of the world were not flexible enough to seek explanations in psychological, social, and environmental domains at the same time. In an interview with
661:, argued that the individual's experience and perception of reality derives its basis entirely from media-propagated ideals and images. The real and fantasy become indistinguishable, leading to the emergence of a wide-spread
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accused postmodernist intellectuals of failing to meaningfully answer questions such as "what are the principles of their theories, on what evidence are they based, what do they explain that wasn't already obvious, etc.?"
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states that "The assumption that there is no common denominator in 'nature' or 'truth' ... that guarantees the possibility of neutral or objective thought" is a key assumption of postmodernism. The
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Davidson, D., 1986, "A Coherence Theory of Truth and
Knowledge," Truth And Interpretation, Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson, ed. Ernest LePore, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, afterwords.
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The writings of
Lyotard were largely concerned with the role of narrative in human culture, and particularly how that role has changed as we have left modernity and entered a "postindustrial" or
378:, emphasizing the problem of the philosopher cleanly distinguishing knowledge from ignorance, social progress from reversion, dominance from submission, good from bad, and presence from absence.
677:. He argued that modern philosophies legitimized their truth-claims not (as they themselves claimed) on logical or empirical grounds, but rather on the grounds of accepted stories (or "
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of irony. The conclusion he depicts is simple: postmodernism, as most use it today, will decide what experiences and signs in one's reality will be one's reality as they know it.
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are superior to other theories (even if science itself is not superior to other modes of inquiry), and attempted conventional medical treatments during his fight against cancer.
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Council, National
Research; Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and; Education, Center for; Research, Committee on Scientific Principles for Education (2002).
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is often cited as an early postmodernist although he personally rejected that label. Following
Nietzsche, Foucault argued that knowledge is produced through the operations of
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contingent on historical and social context rather than being absolute and universal and that truth is always partial and "at issue" rather than being complete and certain.
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is larger than just postmodernism alone; it must be interpreted through cultural studies where science and technology studies play a large role. The reality of the
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wrote, "A writer who says that there are no truths, or that all truth is 'merely relative,' is asking you not to believe him. So don't." In 2014, the philosophers
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Further lines of criticism are that postmodernist discourse is characterized by
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Problem of Knowledge: A New Rhetoric for Modern Democracy.
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Hannay, Alastair (2005). "Baudrillard, Jean". In Honderich, Ted (ed.).
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Kidd, Ian James (21 December 2016). "Was Feyerabend a Postmodernist?".
565: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1718:, 68–96, Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. 1997.
983:(Spring 2015 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
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1261:"Was Philosopher Paul Feyerabend Really Science's "Worst Enemy"?"
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Postmodern philosophy was greatly influenced by the writings of
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1117:. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis,
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argued that if relativism rejects truth, it can legitimize
1036:. Theory, Culture & Society. Vol. 23 (2–3). Sage, 2006
727:. An analytic philosopher, Rorty believed that combining
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Derrida, Jacque, Of Grammatology, 1967, translated 1976,
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Phillips, Denis Charles; Burbules, Nicholas C. (2000).
921:"postmodernism (philosophy) (Encyclopædia Britannica)"
1714:"Quid sit Postmodernismus?," in Roman Ciapalo (ed.)
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320:. Postmodernist thinkers developed concepts like
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1046:https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/postmodernism/
1743:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
1519:. Vol. 203, no. 11/12. pp. 44–48.
1354:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 81.
788:intentions, it does not necessarily benefit the
1608:. London: Granta Books. pp. 232–3, 238–9.
1174:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1109:Ermarth, Elizabeth Deeds. Postmodernism, 1998,
996:The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge
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1535:Modern philosophy: an introduction and survey
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1142:. National Academies Press. pp. 20, 25.
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1059:Baghramian, Maria and Carter, J. Adam, "
1329:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1197:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 1.
1195:Postpositivism and Educational Research
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981:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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1716:Postmodernism and Christian philosophy
1323:Aylesworth, Gary (5 February 2015) .
1020:Taylor, Victor and Charles Winquist.
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1010:Routledge Companion to Postmodernism
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697:, practiced philosophy as a form of
563:adding citations to reliable sources
438:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
399:have opposed postmodern philosophy.
1740:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1083:The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy
1708:University of Chicago Press. 1996.
1513:(1990). "The Hyper-Intellectual".
1352:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy
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1676:. 22 January 2021. Archived from
519:, as well as the architecture of
260:Social construction of technology
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1748:Modern Philosophical Discussions
1630:"Noam Chomsky on Post-Modernism"
1140:Scientific Research in Education
998:. University of Minnesota Press.
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1086:. Oxford University Press, UK.
1034:Problematizing Global Knowledge
818:. The linguist and philosopher
550:needs additional citations for
733:analytic-synthetic distinction
705:as privileging the concept of
1:
1427:Theory, Culture & Society
1327:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
1232:10.1080/02698595.2016.1240463
1022:Encyclopedia of Postmodernism
979:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
792:. For example, the historian
314:modernist philosophical ideas
255:Social construction of gender
249:Social construction of nature
3305:Ordinary language philosophy
1115:10.4324/9780415249126-N044-1
515:, and artists who practiced
419:similarities with classical
3355:Contemporary utilitarianism
3270:Internalism and externalism
1537:. New York: Penguin Books.
1440:10.1177/0263276488005002003
657:Baudrillard, known for his
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2619:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1575:(2): 38–43. Archived from
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946:"Definition of POSTMODERN"
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1388:"An interview with Rorty"
1302:10.3102/0013189X031008025
975:Aylesworth, Gary (2015).
443:National Research Council
1647:Guattari, Felix (1989).
1471:The Postmodern Adventure
500:, and the later work of
452:The Postmodern Condition
431:On Truth and Objectivity
363:The Postmodern Condition
3310:Postanalytic philosophy
3251:Experimental philosophy
1750:(archived 14 July 2011)
994:Lyotard, J.-F. (1979).
950:www.merriam-webster.com
925:Encyclopædia Britannica
729:Willard Van Orman Quine
693:Derrida, the father of
574:"Postmodern philosophy"
531:Postmodern Philosophers
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1846:Philosophy of religion
1836:Philosophy of language
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1166:Preston, John (2016).
356:defined philosophical
239:Social constructionism
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1124:19 April 2018 at the
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669:Jean François Lyotard
447:Jean-François Lyotard
354:Jean-François Lyotard
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3246:Critical rationalism
2953:Edo neo-Confucianism
2797:Acintya bheda abheda
2776:Renaissance humanism
2487:School of the Sextii
1861:Practical philosophy
1856:Political philosophy
1469:Lule, Jack (2001). "
761:September 11 attacks
739:'s critique of the "
731:'s criticism of the
675:postmodern condition
559:improve this article
488:, the psychoanalyst
403:On The Enlightenment
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1268:Cross-check (blog)
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2723:Neo-Confucianism
2688:
2497:Second Sophistic
2482:Middle Platonism
2325:
2266:
2255:
2098:Epiphenomenalism
1965:Consequentialism
1899:Institutionalism
1804:
1793:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1755:
1744:
1735:Zalta, Edward N.
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1516:The New Republic
1507:
1501:
1500:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1434:(2–3): 239–269.
1422:Kellner, Douglas
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1384:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1135:
1129:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1077:
1071:
1057:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
999:
991:
985:
984:
972:
961:
960:
958:
956:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
919:Duignan, Brian.
916:
854:
849:
848:
847:
805:Holocaust denial
794:Richard J. Evans
653:Jean Baudrillard
630:
623:
619:
616:
610:
608:
567:
543:
535:
498:Georges Bataille
486:Martin Heidegger
449:'s seminal 1979
427:belief systems.
336:grand narratives
295:
288:
281:
250:
21:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3820:
3818:
3797:
3761:
3661:
3623:
3570:
3524:
3523:
3495:
3484:Russian cosmism
3457:
3453:Western Marxism
3418:New Historicism
3383:Critical theory
3369:
3365:Wittgensteinian
3261:Foundationalism
3194:
3131:
3112:Social contract
2968:Foundationalism
2901:
2883:
2867:Illuminationism
2852:Aristotelianism
2838:
2827:Vishishtadvaita
2780:
2732:
2673:
2640:
2511:
2440:Megarian school
2435:Eretrian school
2376:
2337:Agriculturalism
2314:
2260:
2241:
2188:
2160:
2117:
2069:
2026:
2010:Incompatibilism
1979:
1951:
1903:
1875:
1798:
1787:
1782:
1731:"Postmodernism"
1728:
1725:
1699:
1697:Further reading
1694:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1325:"Postmodernism"
1322:
1321:
1317:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1126:Wayback Machine
1108:
1104:
1094:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1068:Wayback Machine
1058:
1054:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
993:
992:
988:
977:"Postmodernism"
974:
973:
964:
954:
952:
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
918:
917:
908:
903:
880:Postmaterialism
850:
845:
843:
840:
785:Theodore Schick
776:
770:
756:Douglas Kellner
753:
751:Douglas Kellner
745:Donald Davidson
737:Wilfrid Sellars
721:
691:
689:Jacques Derrida
671:
655:
643:Michel Foucault
640:
638:Michel Foucault
631:
620:
614:
611:
568:
566:
556:
544:
533:
525:Pompidou Centre
474:
462:Paul Feyerabend
458:Jacques Derrida
433:
405:
397:Jurgen Habermas
393:critical theory
389:
384:
299:
267:Linguistic turn
248:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3883:
3881:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3829:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3629:Middle Eastern
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3393:Existentialism
3390:
3388:Deconstruction
3385:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3221:Applied ethics
3217:
3215:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3185:Nietzscheanism
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3127:Utilitarianism
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3025:Transcendental
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2963:Existentialism
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Augustinianism
2748:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2664:Zoroastrianism
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2507:Church Fathers
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2389:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2022:Libertarianism
2019:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1826:Metaphilosophy
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1724:
1723:External links
1721:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1665:
1656:New Formations
1639:
1621:
1614:
1602:Evans, Richard
1590:
1579:on 6 June 2018
1550:
1543:
1531:Scruton, Roger
1522:
1502:
1483:(4): 865–866.
1461:
1413:
1404:
1379:
1368:
1357:
1342:
1315:
1280:
1248:
1210:
1203:
1185:
1155:
1148:
1130:
1102:
1092:
1072:
1052:
1038:
1026:
1013:
1001:
986:
962:
937:
905:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
885:Postmodern art
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
855:
839:
836:
828:Félix Guattari
790:political left
772:Main article:
769:
766:
752:
749:
720:
717:
695:deconstruction
690:
687:
683:language-games
679:metanarratives
670:
667:
654:
651:
639:
636:
633:
632:
547:
545:
538:
532:
529:
509:Marcel Duchamp
494:Roland Barthes
473:
470:
432:
429:
413:deconstructing
404:
401:
388:
385:
383:
380:
326:, repetition,
301:
300:
298:
297:
290:
283:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
264:
263:
262:
257:
252:
232:
231:
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
201:
200:
196:
195:
194:
193:
184:
179:
174:
169:
168:
167:
165:Postpositivism
162:
157:
147:
142:
137:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
79:
78:
74:
73:
72:
71:
66:
61:
56:
54:Hypermodernity
51:
49:Deconstruction
43:
42:
36:
35:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3882:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:Postmodernism
3858:
3857:
3855:
3840:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:Miscellaneous
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:Miscellaneous
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:Structuralism
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Postmodernism
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Phenomenology
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Vienna Circle
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Moral realism
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Phenomenology
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Individualism
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2897:Judeo-Islamic
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2873:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Shuddhadvaita
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Scholasticism
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
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895:Postmodernity
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890:Postmodernism
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801:pseudohistory
799:
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781:Roger Scruton
775:
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725:Richard Rorty
719:Richard Rorty
718:
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576: –
575:
571:
570:Find sources:
564:
560:
554:
553:
548:This section
546:
542:
537:
536:
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Jacques Lacan
487:
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448:
444:
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430:
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418:
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410:
402:
400:
398:
394:
387:On Literature
386:
381:
379:
377:
376:structuralism
372:
369:
368:metanarrative
365:
364:
359:
358:postmodernism
355:
351:
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212:Metamodernism
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134:Picture books
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44:
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40:Postmodernity
37:
34:
30:
29:
26:
25:Postmodernism
22:
19:
3831:
3817:
3488:
3479:Postcritique
3469:Kyoto School
3432:
3428:Posthumanism
3408:Hermeneutics
3263: /
3204:Contemporary
3180:Newtonianism
3143:Cartesianism
3102:Reductionism
2938:Conservatism
2933:Collectivism
2871:
2599:Sarvāstivadā
2577:Anekantavada
2502:Neoplatonism
2470:Epicureanism
2403:Pythagoreans
2342:Confucianism
2308:Contemporary
2298:Early modern
2202:Anti-realism
2156:Universalism
2113:Subjectivism
1909:Epistemology
1738:
1715:
1705:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:the original
1668:
1659:
1655:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1605:
1581:. Retrieved
1577:the original
1572:
1566:
1534:
1525:
1514:
1511:Danto, A. C.
1505:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1351:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1328:
1318:
1296:(8): 25–27.
1293:
1289:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1264:
1257:Horgan, John
1251:
1243:
1226:(1): 55–68.
1223:
1219:
1213:
1194:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1171:
1139:
1133:
1105:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1055:
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1029:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
995:
989:
980:
953:. Retrieved
949:
940:
928:. Retrieved
924:
860:Hyperreality
825:
820:Noam Chomsky
816:epistemology
812:obscurantism
809:
777:
754:
722:
710:
692:
672:
665:of reality.
656:
646:
641:
621:
612:
602:
595:
588:
581:
569:
557:Please help
552:verification
549:
506:
475:
465:
450:
436:
434:
425:relativistic
406:
390:
373:
361:
352:
334:to subvert "
332:hyperreality
321:
305:
304:
149:
95:Architecture
85:Anthropology
64:Posthumanism
59:Hyperreality
31:Preceded by
18:
3474:Objectivism
3413:Neo-Marxism
3375:Continental
3285:Meta-ethics
3265:Coherentism
3170:Hegelianism
3107:Rationalism
3067:Natural law
3047:Materialism
2973:Historicism
2943:Determinism
2834:Navya-Nyāya
2609:Sautrāntika
2604:Pudgalavada
2540:Vaisheshika
2393:Presocratic
2293:Renaissance
2232:Physicalism
2217:Materialism
2123:Normativity
2108:Objectivism
2093:Emergentism
2083:Behaviorism
2032:Metaphysics
1998:Determinism
1937:Rationalism
496:, theorist
417:ontological
222:Remodernism
105:Criminology
90:Archaeology
3854:Categories
3773:Amerindian
3680:Australian
3619:Vietnamese
3599:Indonesian
3148:Kantianism
3097:Positivism
3087:Pragmatism
3062:Naturalism
3042:Liberalism
3020:Subjective
2958:Empiricism
2862:Avicennism
2807:Bhedabheda
2691:East Asian
2614:Madhyamaka
2594:Abhidharma
2460:Pyrrhonism
2227:Nominalism
2222:Naturalism
2151:Skepticism
2141:Relativism
2131:Absolutism
2060:Naturalism
1970:Deontology
1942:Skepticism
1927:Naturalism
1917:Empiricism
1881:Aesthetics
1785:Philosophy
1712:John Deely
1634:bactra.org
1061:Relativism
663:simulation
615:March 2023
585:newspapers
472:Influences
323:différance
172:Psychology
150:Philosophy
130:Literature
125:Television
3652:Pakistani
3614:Taiwanese
3561:Ethiopian
3534:By region
3520:By region
3335:Scientism
3330:Systemics
3190:Spinozism
3117:Socialism
3052:Modernism
3015:Objective
2923:Anarchism
2857:Averroism
2746:Christian
2698:Neotaoism
2669:Zurvanism
2659:Mithraism
2654:Mazdakism
2425:Cyrenaics
2352:Logicians
1985:Free will
1947:Solipsism
1894:Formalism
1658:(8): 34.
1497:221059611
1456:144625142
1448:0263-2764
1310:145216107
1240:151746255
832:Truls Lie
798:far-right
768:Criticism
521:Las Vegas
513:John Cage
421:skeptical
348:objective
344:discourse
207:Criticism
199:Reactions
155:Anarchism
33:Modernism
3838:Category
3793:Yugoslav
3783:Romanian
3690:Scottish
3675:American
3604:Japanese
3584:Buddhist
3566:Africana
3556:Egyptian
3398:Feminist
3320:Rawlsian
3315:Quietism
3213:Analytic
3165:Krausism
3072:Nihilism
3037:Kokugaku
3000:Absolute
2995:Idealism
2983:Humanism
2771:Occamism
2738:European
2683:Medieval
2629:Yogacara
2589:Buddhist
2582:Syādvāda
2465:Stoicism
2430:Cynicism
2418:Sophists
2413:Atomists
2408:Eleatics
2347:Legalism
2288:Medieval
2212:Idealism
2166:Ontology
2146:Nihilism
2050:Idealism
1808:Branches
1797:Branches
1604:(1997).
1533:(1996).
1273:19 April
1178:19 April
1122:Archived
1064:Archived
930:19 April
838:See also
803:such as
707:presence
523:and the
466:theories
409:tolerate
382:Subjects
191:Religion
187:Theology
115:Feminism
3788:Russian
3757:Spanish
3752:Slovene
3742:Maltese
3737:Italian
3717:Finland
3685:British
3667:Western
3657:Turkish
3642:Islamic
3637:Iranian
3589:Chinese
3576:Eastern
3543:African
3490:more...
3175:Marxism
3005:British
2948:Dualism
2844:Islamic
2802:Advaita
2792:Vedanta
2766:Scotism
2761:Thomism
2703:Tiantai
2646:Persian
2634:Tibetan
2624:Śūnyatā
2565:Cārvāka
2555:Ājīvika
2550:Mīmāṃsā
2530:Samkhya
2445:Academy
2398:Ionians
2372:Yangism
2329:Chinese
2320:Ancient
2283:Western
2278:Ancient
2237:Realism
2194:Reality
2184:Process
2065:Realism
2045:Dualism
2040:Atomism
1922:Fideism
1737:(ed.).
1684:2 March
1397:7 April
1392:unc.edu
955:7 April
599:scholar
517:collage
230:Related
182:Theatre
160:Marxism
132: (
3747:Polish
3727:German
3722:French
3707:Danish
3697:Canada
3647:Jewish
3609:Korean
3594:Indian
3136:People
3057:Monism
3010:German
2978:Holism
2911:Modern
2889:Jewish
2812:Dvaita
2785:Indian
2708:Huayan
2560:Ajñana
2517:Indian
2382:Greco-
2367:Taoism
2357:Mohism
2303:Modern
2270:By era
2259:By era
2174:Action
2055:Monism
1975:Virtue
1957:Ethics
1612:
1583:6 June
1541:
1495:
1454:
1446:
1335:12 May
1308:
1238:
1201:
1146:
1090:
601:
594:
587:
580:
572:
330:, and
241:" and
77:Fields
3778:Aztec
3732:Greek
3712:Dutch
3702:Czech
3551:Bantu
2988:Anti-
2535:Nyaya
2525:Hindu
2385:Roman
2179:Event
1821:Logic
1733:. In
1652:(PDF)
1493:S2CID
1452:S2CID
1306:S2CID
1236:S2CID
901:Notes
735:with
712:logos
647:power
606:JSTOR
592:books
328:trace
308:is a
140:Music
110:Dance
2879:Sufi
2713:Chan
2572:Jain
2545:Yoga
2075:Mind
2015:Hard
2003:Hard
1686:2022
1610:ISBN
1585:2018
1539:ISBN
1444:ISSN
1399:2018
1337:2019
1275:2018
1199:ISBN
1180:2018
1144:ISBN
1088:ISBN
957:2018
932:2016
709:and
578:news
480:and
435:The
423:and
189:and
120:Film
3153:Neo
2718:Zen
1485:doi
1473:".
1436:doi
1298:doi
1228:doi
1111:doi
561:by
360:in
338:",
100:Art
3856::
1654:.
1632:.
1593:^
1573:42
1571:.
1565:.
1553:^
1491:.
1481:78
1479:.
1450:.
1442:.
1430:.
1390:.
1304:.
1294:31
1292:.
1263:.
1259:.
1242:.
1234:.
1224:30
1222:.
1170:.
1158:^
1096:.
965:^
948:.
923:.
909:^
807:.
527:.
511:,
504:.
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1688:.
1636:.
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1587:.
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1458:.
1438::
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1300::
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1152:.
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628:)
622:(
617:)
613:(
603:·
596:·
589:·
582:·
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136:)
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