380:. Andronicus appreciated Benjamin's piety and ability, and took him on as a servant. He later ordained Benjamin to the priesthood, and eventually appointed him as his assistant, making Benjamin the heir presumptive to the patriarchy. In his position as assistant to the patriarch, Benjamin became acquainted with the intricacies of church affairs and within the Coptic Christian community. Benjamin became highly regarded for his work both within and without the church, which helped bring about his election to the patriarchate upon the death of Andronicus.
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the see of
Alexandria, fled the city and sought refuge in the wilderness of St. Macarius, then in Upper Egypt. When persuasion failed, Cyrus began to use force. It was during this time that Benjamin's brother Mennas joined the rebellion against the rule of Cyrus for which he was eventually executed. Cyrus also confiscated the property of all clerics who followed the fugitive Benjamin, and many churches in Egypt were turned over to the Melkites by force.
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445:. He also established amicable relations with 'Amr and the conquerors of Egypt. The Christian population of Egypt, however, remained divided between the Copts, Melkites, and other groups after the Arab conquest. Benjamin did however eventually prove successful in restoring a degree of unity to his fragmented population. Several Copts who had fled to the Libyan
409:, ‘the fat dropped down from both his sides to the ground’. Still unshaken, his teeth were pulled out, and he was stuffed into a sack filled with sand and taken by a boat seven bowshots away from the shore. Three times he was offered his life if he accepted the Council of Chalcedon, and three times he refused, before he was thrown into the sea and drowned.
491:. Benjamin is widely celebrated for his role in guiding the Coptic church through the turmoil and upheaval of the Islamic conquest. His contemporaries' regard for him was so high that a legend was widely circulated after his death that Benjamin's soul was not only carried to heaven by angels, but also escorted by
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as both the
Melkite patriarch of Egypt and as the prefect in command of the military forces of that province of the empire. His duties in the latter position included curbing religious separatism in the province, by persuasion if possible but by arms if necessary. Benjamin, who was Cyrus's rival in
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In 623 A.D. the
Persians captured Egypt. The Copts were prevented from practicing their religion, and their human and national rights were denied. Nevertheless, some Copts felt relief because alien Patriarchs were no longer appointed by Byzantium to oppress the Egyptian church. However, during that
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In the historic meeting between these two individuals, 'Amr is quoted as having said that he had never seen such an impressive man of God as
Benjamin. The exact details of the meeting between these two parties remain unknown. The meeting was however conducted with a dignity which was not witnessed
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explicitly says that "Benjamin, the patriarch of the
Orthodox in Egypt at that time, delivered the country to the Arab general ‘Amr b. al-‘As out of antipathy, that is enmity, towards Cyrus, the Chalcedonian patriarch in Egypt". During this time some individuals took the opportunity to ransack and
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returned. A number of those who had left the Coptic church under duress for the
Melkite church during the occupation, including the bishops Cyrus of Nikiou and Victor of Phiom, returned to the fold. He also exercised his new legal and judicial functions, even in accord with the Byzantine legal
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during the Asian battles. At the end of the conference, 'Amr restored to
Benjamin all the rights that he had been denied by the Byzantines, and recognized him as the sole representative of the Egyptian people. Benjamin for his part publicly prayed for 'Amr and addressed him with admiration.
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began his campaign to conquer Egypt in 639, eventually invading
Alexandria itself on 17 September 642. History does not record whether the members of the Coptic church assisted the Arabs in this campaign, although it is known that they did help the Melkites. However the Syriac chronicle of
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Benjamin helped guide and comfort the Coptic community during the early days of
Islamic rule. 'Amr's successor, 'Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abī-al-Sarḥ ibn al-Ḥārith al-"Āmirī, demanded large amounts of money from the native Egyptian people whose resources were depleted. Benjamin's effort and
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One night he heard in a vision someone saying to him, "Rejoice
Benjamin, you will shepherd the flock of Christ." When he told that to his spiritual father, he said to him, "The devil wants to hinder you. Beware of pride". Thenoas later brought Benjamin before the sitting Patriarch,
434:. Benjamin worked to bring back order to the affairs of the church, improve the morale of the Coptic population which had been devastated by the actions of Cyrus, and restore churches that were damaged during the recent conflict. He then left Alexandria again, to meet with 'Amr.
387:, and instructing the clergy in doctrinal matters. He also worked to help his church through the end of Sassinid rule. Fifteen of his encyclicals from this time, all of which have been lost, were known to have been collected into a single volume, which has also been lost.
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Benjamin engaged in pontifical visitations to the dioceses and monasteries of the church, restoring properties wherever necessary. One of his more remarkable feats during this period was the recovery of the head of
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No details on his family life are known, other than that he had one brother, Mennas. Mennas is known for having been tortured with fire and, eventually, being drowned in the Nile by the Byzantine Patriarch
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to Benjamin to return. Benjamin took some time in returning, eventually arriving at the end of 643 or the beginning of 644. Benjamin seems to have received funds from Sanutius, the ruler of
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area. Comparatively little is known about his early life, other than that he came from a Coptic family of comfortable means. The proximity of his home to the capital city of
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or monastic garment. Theonas instructed Benjamin in the virtues of the monastic life, including holiness, patience, and self-control, and in the study of the
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Benjamin spent the last two years of his life encumbered by severe illness. After enduring a prolonged period of great suffering, he died on 3 January 661.
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Few records exist regarding the early years of Benjamin's tenure. He is known to have issued encyclicals regarding the dates of the observance of
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burn churches. St. Mark's Church on the seashore was plundered, as well as the churches and monasteries that were surrounding it. 'Amr issued a
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Benjamin was noted for ascetic habits from an early age, and in 620, at the age of thirty, he took monastic vows at the monastery of
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Benjamin worked to restore the Coptic church by renewing some of the policies which had been put in place by his predecessor
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profession of faith and refusing to reveal the whereabouts of Benjamin, who was himself a fugitive at that time.
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The Byzantines regained control in 628. In 631, Cyrus, the Chalcedonian bishop of Phasis, was appointed by the
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283:. Benjamin guided the Coptic church through a period of turmoil in Egyptian history that included the fall of
2326:*Markianos is considered Mark II on the Greek side of the subsequent schism, hence this numbering of Mark III.
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639:"The Coptic Orthodox Church under Islam", The British Orthodox Church Within the Coptic Orthodox Patriarch
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Andrew Palmer "The Seventh Century in the West Syrian Chronicles" Liverpool University Press 1993, p. 158
355:. It was at Canopus that Benjamin first met an older monk named Theonas, who presented Benjamin with the
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in 645 or 647. Benjamin at the time also issued his canons to the monks of Saint Macarius.
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in 642. After the Arab conquest Pope Benjamin, who was in exile, was allowed to return to
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Cyrus's troops seized Mennas and burned him with torches until, according to
589:"Departure of Abba Benjamin, the 38th Pope of Alexandria", Mission St. Clare
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The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years under Roman Dominion
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49: in this article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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era the Persians ruined and destroyed many churches and monasteries.
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363:. Theonas himself is said to have been particularly devoted to the
573:"Pope Benjamin I and the Islamic Conquest", Coptic Orthodox Church
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has led some to assume that he received some education there.
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38th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark
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system, to the satisfaction of the new Islamic authorities.
279:. He is regarded as one of the greatest patriarchs of the
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Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark
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by the Coptic church, and is commemorated in the Coptic
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661:. New York:Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.
548:. New York:Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Head of the Coptic Church from 623 to 662
672:Pope Benjamin I and the Islamic Conquest
609:. Oxford University Press. p. 184.
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58:"Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria"
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1918:Humbert II, Dauphin of Vienne
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430:, for the rebuilding of the
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1953:Johannes Walteri von Sinten
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2007:Pedro González de Mendoza
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2011:Diego Hurtado de Mendoza
2000:Arnaldo Rogerii de Palas
1931:Arnaud Bernard du Pouget
739:Patriarchs of Alexandria
493:Athanasius of Alexandria
412:The Arab Muslim general
129:Benjamin I of Alexandria
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1974:Pietro Amaury di Lordat
658:The Coptic Encyclopedia
545:The Coptic Encyclopedia
419:Dionysius I Telmaharoyo
2371:Coptic Orthodox saints
2129:Paolo Angelo Ballerini
2031:Ottaviano Maria Sforza
1965:Pietro Amely di Brunac
1948:Pietro Amely di Brunac
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315:region of the western
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2098:Petrus Draghi Bartoli
1977:Lancelotus de Navarra
1910:Atanasio (Athanasius)
762:Mark I the Evangelist
297:Arab Islamic Conquest
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2134:Domenico Marinangeli
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1990:Giovanni Vitelleschi
1384:Popes and Patriarchs
896:Popes and Patriarchs
477:He is regarded as a
43:improve this article
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2219:Maximos III Mazloum
2199:Ignatius IV Sarrouf
2108:Filippo Carlo Spada
2093:Aloysius Bevilacqua
1927:Guillaume de Chanac
752:Chalcedonian schism
329:Cyrus of Alexandria
244:Saint Mark's Church
214:Saint Mark's Church
189:Beheira Governorate
2234:Peter IV Geraigiry
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2179:Theodosius V Dahan
1986:Vitalis di Mauléon
1980:Giovanni Contarini
1943:Jean de Cardaillac
497:Severus of Antioch
487:on the 8th day of
432:Church of St. Mark
295:, and finally the
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2083:Federico Borromeo
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1960:Simon of Cramaud
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1958:uncanonical
1957:
1941:uncanonical
1940:
1815:Hierotheus I
1770:Gerasimus II
1765:Parthenius I
1680:Nicholas III
1599:Alexander II
1534:Sophronius I
1464:Apollinarius
1444:Theodosius I
1434:Dioscorus II
1366:Shenouda III
1351:Macarius III
1336:Demetrius II
1266:Gabriel VIII
991:Alexander II
965:
941:Theodosius I
931:Dioscorus II
874:Theophilus I
859:Athanasius I
749:prior to the
688:
656:
634:
625:
602:
595:
543:
482:
476:
468:
464:
452:
440:
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424:safe conduct
411:
404:
393:
389:
382:
374:
356:
342:
333:Chalcedonian
325:
310:
272:
271:
230:Denomination
150:Papacy ended
142:Papacy began
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1971:Ugo Roberti
1923:Juan (John)
1904:(1276–1954)
1890:Theodore II
1875:Nicholas VI
1860:Meletius II
1745:Metrophanes
1740:Gerasimus I
1690:Nicholas IV
1665:Gregory III
1650:Nicholas II
1629:Eleutherius
1404:Timothy III
1371:Tawadros II
1281:Matthew III
1256:Gabriel VII
1191:Benjamin II
1166:Gabriel III
1121:Macarius II
1101:Shenouda II
1056:Michael III
936:Timothy III
884:Dioscorus I
854:Alexander I
819:Demetrius I
690:Coptic Pope
220:Nationality
158:Predecessor
2361:661 deaths
2356:590 births
2350:Categories
1865:Nicholas V
1830:Callinicus
1785:Cosmas III
1755:Joannicius
1750:Nicephorus
1705:Philotheus
1685:Gregory IV
1660:Gregory II
1640:Nicholas I
1544:Michael II
1519:Politianus
1479:Theodore I
1439:Timothy IV
1399:Timothy II
1316:John XVIII
1291:Matthew IV
1241:Michael VI
1236:Gabriel VI
1231:Matthew II
1211:Gabriel IV
1126:Gabriel II
1116:Michael IV
1091:Philotheos
1071:Macarius I
1066:Cosmas III
1051:Shenouda I
1041:Michael II
1001:Theodore I
966:Benjamin I
961:Andronicus
956:Anastasius
906:Timothy II
809:Agrippinus
747:Patriarchs
683:Andronicus
648:References
616:1724498029
484:Synaxarion
473:Veneration
456:Saint Mark
447:Pentapolis
378:Andronicus
371:Alexandria
321:Alexandria
317:Nile Delta
307:Early life
301:Alexandria
293:Byzantines
162:Andronicus
99:April 2013
69:newspapers
1892:(current)
1885:Peter VII
1780:Cosmas II
1735:Cyril III
1725:Silvester
1720:Joachim I
1715:Gregory V
1645:Gregory I
1589:George II
1554:Eutychius
1539:Michael I
1524:Eustatius
1414:Peter III
1394:Proterius
1373:(current)
1356:Joseph II
1326:Peter VII
1321:Mark VIII
1306:John XVII
1251:John XIII
1221:Gabriel V
1216:Matthew I
1181:John VIII
1151:Cyril III
1131:Michael V
1096:Zacharias
1061:Gabriel I
1046:Cosmas II
1031:Simeon II
1006:Michael I
911:Peter III
869:Timothy I
829:Dionysius
798:Markianos
764:(founder)
399:Heraclius
353:Pachomius
349:cenobitic
255:Feast day
250:Sainthood
240:Residence
187:Barshüt,
168:Successor
2330:Category
1820:Artemius
1634:Mark III
1624:Elias II
1609:Cyril II
1594:Leontius
1579:Arsenius
1514:Cosmas I
1509:Peter VI
1499:Peter IV
1489:George I
1474:Eulogius
1429:John III
1361:Cyril VI
1346:John XIX
1331:Cyril IV
1311:Mark VII
1301:Peter VI
1296:John XVI
1261:John XIV
1246:John XII
1171:John VII
1161:John VII
1141:Mark III
1111:Cyril II
1036:Joseph I
996:Cosmas I
986:Simeon I
976:John III
946:Peter IV
864:Peter II
849:Achillas
824:Heraclas
804:Celadion
793:Eumenius
778:Kedronos
755:(43–451)
224:Egyptian
2335:Commons
2046:Tommaso
1855:Photius
1840:Nicanor
1795:Cyprian
1790:Matthew
1760:Paisius
1710:Mark VI
1675:Mark IV
1604:John VI
1574:Elias I
1504:Peter V
1469:John IV
1449:Gaianus
1424:John II
1341:Cyril V
1286:Mark VI
1276:John XV
1226:John XI
1201:Mark IV
1196:Peter V
1186:John IX
1146:John VI
1086:Abraham
1081:Mina II
1021:Mark II
1016:John IV
971:Agathon
926:John II
879:Cyril I
844:Peter I
839:Theonas
834:Maximus
773:Avilius
768:Anianus
428:Thebaid
313:Beheira
287:to the
262:in the
172:Agathon
83:scholar
1983:Pietro
1775:Samuel
1700:Mark V
1670:Niphon
1614:Sabbas
1484:John V
1459:Zoilus
1409:John I
1271:Mark V
1206:John X
1136:John V
1011:Mina I
951:Damian
921:John I
814:Julian
788:Justus
783:Primus
700:Agatho
665:
613:
552:
499:, and
385:Easter
357:schema
209:Buried
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1845:Nilus
1835:Jacob
1564:Isaac
1494:Cyrus
1026:James
981:Isaac
607:(PDF)
507:Notes
479:saint
361:Bible
285:Egypt
193:Egypt
125:Saint
90:JSTOR
76:books
1454:Paul
663:ISBN
611:ISBN
550:ISBN
489:Toba
260:Toba
200:Died
183:Born
62:news
1569:Job
145:623
45:by
2352::
1951:?
579:^
561:^
515:^
503:.
495:,
275:,
191:,
1937:)
1933:(
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1636:*
800:*
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724:t
717:v
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112:)
106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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