718:"You say: ‘We worship stones and walls and boards.’ But it is not so, O Emperor; but they serve us for remembrance and encouragement, lifting our slow spirits upwards, by those whose names the pictures bear and whose representations they are. And we worship them not as God, as you maintain, God forbid!... Even the little children mock at you. Go into one of their schools, say that you are the enemy of images, and straightway they will throw their little tablets at your head, and what you have failed to learn from the wise you may pick up from the foolish... In virtue of the power which has come down to us from St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, we might inflict punishment upon you, but since you have invoked one on yourself, have that, you and the counselors you have chosen... though you have so excellent a high priest, our brother Germanus, whom you ought to have taken into your counsels as father and teacher. . . . The dogmas of the Church are not a matter for the emperor, but for the bishops."
638:, while Gregory needed it to provide local foodstuffs for the city of Rome, thereby relieving Rome on its reliance upon the long-distance supply of grain. The result of which was, through refusing to pay the additional taxes, Gregory encouraged the Roman populace to drive the imperial governor of Rome from the city, and Leo was unable to impose his will upon Rome, as Lombard pressure kept the exarch of Ravenna from fielding an army to bring the pope to heel.
3277:
389:. After examining Boniface’s written profession of faith, Gregory was satisfied enough that he made Boniface a bishop in November 722, and returned him to Germany to continue his mission. Continued successes saw Gregory write to Boniface in December 724 to offer his congratulations, followed in November 726 by a response to Boniface’s questions about how to structure the newly emergent churches in Germany.
3289:
5438:
1376:
377:, who proposed undertaking missionary work in Germany. Gregory agreed, and after changing his name to Boniface, commissioned him in May 719 to preach in Germany. After hearing of the work that had been done so far, in 722 Gregory summoned Boniface back to Rome to answer rumors concerning Boniface’s doctrinal purity. At this face-to-face meeting, Boniface complained that he found Gregory’s
5450:
729:, to try to retrieve the situation. Eutychius sent an emissary to Rome, with instructions to kill Gregory and the chief nobility in the city, but the plot was uncovered and foiled. Next, he attempted to turn the Lombard king and dukes against the pope, but they retained their ambivalent stance, not committing one way or the other. That same year Gregory wrote to
1536:
1390:
623:
1334:
1362:
464:
to Bishop
Serenus, granting him the patriarchate of Aquileia. Soon afterward, however, Gregory received a letter from Donatus, Patriarch of Grado, complaining that Serenus had overstepped his authority, and was interfering within what was Grado’s ecclesiastical jurisdiction. At the same time, Gregory
740:
In 729, Eutychius finally managed to bring about an alliance with the
Lombard king, Liutprand, and both agreed to help the other deal with their rebellious subjects. After they had subjugated the dukes of Spoleto and Benevento, bringing them under Liutprand’s authority, they turned to Rome with the
555:
to intervene and drive out the
Lombards. Charles however, did not respond to the request. A law issued by Liutprand in 723 (No. 33) prohibits a man from marrying the widow of his cousin on either mother's or father's side, and specifically states that the "Pope in the city of Rome" had sent him a
745:. After this, Eutychius reached an uneasy truce with Gregory, and the pope in return forged a temporary truce between the Lombards and the Byzantines. Regardless, Gregory was still a devoted and vigorous defender of the empire. This was demonstrated in 730 when there arose another usurper,
688:
and the Duchy of the
Pentapolis mutinied, denouncing both Exarch Paul and Leo III, and overthrew those officers who remained loyal. Paul rallied the loyalist forces and attempted to restore order, but was killed. The armies discussed electing their own emperor and marching on
416:
Gregory also concerned himself with establishing or restoring monasteries. He turned his family mansion in Rome into a monastery, St. Agatha in
Suburra, endowing it with expensive and precious vessels for use at the altar, and also established a new church, dedicated to
342:
to discuss the continuing conversion of his lands to
Christianity. As a result of this meeting, Gregory gave specific instructions to his delegates who were to travel to Bavaria, coordinate with the duke, and establish a local church hierarchy, overseen by an
469:. Gregory responded by depriving Peter of both sees, and he wrote to the people of the diocese, reminding them to only elect bishops in accordance with church law, whereupon they elected Antoninus, with Gregory’s approval.
335:, while at the same time seeking sympathy from the pope over the position he was in, with respect to the emperor. Gregory responded by sending a letter outlining the traditional Roman position against Monothelitism.
465:
reprimanded
Donatus for complaining about Gregory’s decision to grant the pallium to Serenus in the first place. Then in 725, upon Donatus’ death, the Grado patriarchate was usurped by Peter, the
802:, he distributed small portions of these to be eaten by his troops. After the battle, it was reported that no one who had eaten a part of the sponges/baskets of bread had been killed or wounded.
476:, on Thursdays, people should fast, just as they were required to do during the other days of the week. Apparently, the practice had been frowned upon by popes of previous centuries, as
319:
burst its banks and flooded Rome, causing immense damage and only receding after eight days. Gregory ordered a number of litanies to be said to stem the floods, which spread over the
676:
of the saints. Although Leo made no move to enforce this edict in the west beyond having it read in Rome and
Ravenna, Gregory immediately rejected the edict. Upon hearing this, the
583:. Although Classis was retaken in 728, fighting continued between Byzantine forces and the Lombards until 729, when Gregory brokered a deal between Liutprand and the Byzantine
547:. Perceiving that the Lombard threat would continue to fester and they would take imperial territory in Italy a piece at a time, in around 721 Gregory appealed to the
484:. He also prescribed the offices be said during church services on Thursdays in Lent, as prior to this, the Mass of the preceding Sunday was said on those Thursdays.
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4352:
237:, according to a 15th-century chronicler, but this is unattested in contemporary documents and very likely unreliable. The same was said of the seventh-century
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5410:
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1491:
233:
Born into a noble Roman family in the year 669, Gregory was the son of
Marcellus and Honesta. Gregory II was an alleged collateral ancestor to the Roman
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3327:
722:
Gregory's letters to Leo have been accused of being apocryphal, and may not accurately reflect the real content of
Gregory's correspondence with Leo.
693:, but were dissuaded by Pope Gregory from acting against Leo. At the same time, the self-described “duke” Exhilaratus and his son Hadrian rebelled in
634:
attempted to raise taxes on the papal patrimonies in Italy, draining the Papacy’s monetary reserves. Leo required this revenue to pay for the ongoing
714:, confirms this act by Gregory. He then dispatched two letters to Leo, denying the Imperial right to interfere in matters of doctrine. He wrote:
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and is commemorated as a saint in the Roman calendar and martyrology on 13 February, although some martyrologies list him under 11 February.
741:
intent of bringing Gregory to heel. However, outside Rome, Gregory managed to break up the alliance against him, with Liutprand returning to
591:, bringing about a temporary ceasing of hostilities that held until Gregory’s death. Gregory and Liutprand met in 729 at the ancient city of
221:
in the Eastern Empire prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms, and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the
3522:
445:
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444:, for the purpose of fixing issues around illegitimate marriages. Then in 723, the longstanding dispute between the patriarchs of
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Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern Influences on Rome and the Papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752
457:
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524:. Neither threats of divine retribution nor outright bribery made an impression on Romuald, and so Gregory appealed to Duke
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697:, sided with the emperor and marched on Rome in order to kill Gregory, but were overthrown by the people and killed.
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5181:
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733:, giving the patriarch his support, and when Germanus abdicated, Gregory refused to acknowledge the new patriarch,
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named Laurion, the departure of Marinus paused the plot, only to see it resume with the arrival of the new exarch,
4437:
4247:
4207:
1635:
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496:, and especially with their king, Liutprand. In April 716 he managed to get Liutprand to agree not to retake the
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1640:
580:
509:
284:. The actual negotiations on the contentious articles were handled by Gregory, with the result that Emperor
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letter exhorting him to issue this legislation, indicating a degree of cordial communication between them.
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4307:
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3954:
3595:
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The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. I: The Popes Under the Lombard Rule, Part 2, 657–795
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798:, "three blessed sponges/baskets of bread". The Duke kept these, and just before the battle outside of
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weakness in Italy encouraged further Lombard incursions, and in 725, they captured the fortress of
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408:, who had abdicated the throne in order to undertake a pilgrimage to Rome and end his life there.
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In 727, Gregory summoned a synod to condemn iconoclasm. According to Greek sources, principally
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753:. He was defeated by the exarch Eutychius, who received steady support from Pope Gregory.
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312:
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agreed that the papacy could disregard whichever of the council’s decisions it wished to.
265:
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202:
37:
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However, in 725, possibly at the emperor’s request, Marinus, who had been sent from
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1911:
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497:
382:
285:
472:
Gregory also mandated a number of practices within the Church. He decreed that in
626:
Byzantine Emperor Leo III who sought to impose iconoclastic doctrines in the west
579:
decrees (see below), the Lombards captured and destroyed Classis and overran the
543:. Gregory brokered a deal with Liutprand, who forced Faroald to return it to the
5294:
5141:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4908:
4858:
4853:
4843:
4818:
4753:
4643:
4442:
4432:
4412:
4282:
4257:
3786:
3693:
3480:
3305:
3014:
2894:
2889:
2843:
2467:
2332:
2327:
2232:
2171:
2116:
2106:
2101:
1971:
1795:
1745:
1700:
367:
272:'s pontificate, Gregory was made a papal secretary, and accompanied the pope to
249:
5437:
1584:
1499:
Online verfügbarer Artikel mit umfassenden Quellen- und Literaturangaben) 2014.
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2307:
2121:
2096:
1931:
1835:
1755:
1705:
1647:
1357:
681:
669:
630:
Tensions between Gregory and the imperial court began around 722 when emperor
622:
611:. They were the first extension of papal territory beyond the confines of the
576:
501:
429:
in 584, and he intervened in a dispute at the Monastery of St. Vincent on the
370:
366:
Gregory next turned his attention to Germany. In 718, he was approached by an
344:
25:
822:
5284:
5191:
4883:
4545:
4397:
3640:
3505:
3382:
1865:
1375:
761:
658:
348:
327:. The first year of his pontificate also saw a letter arrive from Patriarch
277:
253:
245:
665:. However, the plot was uncovered, and the conspirators were put to death.
347:. Gregory maintained an interest in Bavaria; in 726 he forced an unwilling
1535:
1451:
5269:
5106:
5086:
4144:
4094:
3896:
3625:
3435:
1667:
799:
604:
493:
477:
430:
426:
1250:
1234:
241:, but nothing certain is known about a kinship between the two of them.
5161:
5136:
5081:
4598:
4563:
4004:
3959:
3721:
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3513:
773:
750:
685:
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461:
397:
374:
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180:
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5101:
5091:
5076:
5051:
4104:
3731:
777:
608:
600:
584:
548:
521:
261:
760:. The location of his tomb has since been lost. He was subsequently
1337: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
5156:
5151:
5126:
5096:
5071:
4588:
4573:
4568:
3678:
3366:
1513:(in German). Stuttgart and Weimar: J. B. Metzler. col. 1666–1667.
825:
Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 18 September 2017
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621:
592:
561:
513:
434:
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352:
316:
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in 711 to deal with the issues raised by Rome’s rejection of the
244:
As a young man, he was placed in the papal court, and was made a
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4593:
4553:
3771:
1615:
1566:
673:
517:
473:
292:
210:
133:
105:
3309:
1588:
307:
Almost immediately, Gregory began the task of repairing Rome's
1478:
Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000, pp. 647–651 (
823:
Mann, Horace. "Pope St. Gregory II." The Catholic Encyclopedia
492:
Gregory attempted to remain on good diplomatic terms with the
315:. Work on this task was delayed in October 716 when the river
291:
After Constantine’s death on 9 April 715, Gregory was elected
500:, which had been granted to the Roman Church in the reign of
392:
Gregory also strengthened papal authority in the churches of
737:, nor the iconoclast rulings of a council summoned by Leo.
323:
and the so-called Plains of Nero, reaching the foot of the
1444:
A History of the Later Roman Empire From Arcadius to Irene
854:
Papal Genealogy: The Families And Descendants Of The Popes
649:, encouraged a conspiracy to murder the pope. Involving a
338:
Then in 716, Gregory received an official visit from Duke
1343:
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope St. Gregory II".
213:
from 19 May 715 to his death. His defiance of Emperor
1235:"Notes on Byzantine Iconoclasm in the Eighth Century"
1151:
Treadgold, pg. 350; Bury, pgs. 440–441; Mann, pg. 185
528:, funding his campaign to successfully retake Cumae.
708:
Leo. However, no western source, in particular, the
5368:
5200:
5042:
4614:
4544:
4476:
4173:
3938:
3905:
3707:
3649:
3536:
3504:
3421:
3373:
3198:
3138:
3077:
3068:
2882:
2596:
2195:
1899:
1693:
756:Gregory died on 11 February 731, and was buried in
595:. Here, the two reached an agreement, known as the
480:had fasted on Thursday as part of their worship of
170:
160:
152:
147:
120:
94:
89:
79:
69:
61:
53:
43:
23:
680:rose in revolt against the imperial imposition of
1476:Pietro, santo. Anastasio bibliotecario, antipapa.
772:A miracle concerning Gregory II is linked to the
381:difficult to understand, a clear indication that
1187:Treadgold, pg. 352; Mann, pg. 186; Bury, pg. 441
425:, which had not recovered from an attack by the
355:, to abandon his monastic calling, and become
3321:
1600:
303:First years and expanding missionary activity
8:
1419:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1281:Treadgold, pgs. 353–354; Levillain, pg. 643
18:Head of the Catholic Church from 715 to 731
3328:
3314:
3306:
3074:
1607:
1593:
1585:
1546:
331:, who attempted to justify his support of
20:
452:flared up again. Upon the request of the
725:In 728, Leo sent to Italy a new exarch,
504:. However, the semi-independent Lombard
810:
768:Miracle at the Battle of Toulouse (721)
599:, whereby Sutri and some hill towns in
385:had already started to evolve into the
351:, after reviewing his appeal through a
1290:Bury, pgs. 444–445; Mann, pgs. 197–198
868:
866:
864:
862:
731:Patriarch Germanus I of Constantinople
1142:Treadgold, pg. 350; Ekonomou, pg. 275
1124:Ekonomou, pg. 299; Mann, pgs. 197–198
7:
1462:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1349:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
818:
816:
814:
704:, it was at this point that Gregory
672:edict, condemning possession of any
531:That same year saw the Lombard duke
512:, resumed hostilities by capturing
4228:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
3346:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
14:
1492:Germanische Altertumskunde Online
1450:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1178:Treadgold, pg. 352; Mann, pg. 186
1160:Levillain, pg. 642; Mann, pg. 184
209:; 669 – 11 February 731) was the
5448:
5436:
5315:María de las Maravillas de Jesús
5172:Seven Maccabees and their mother
4358:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
3287:
3276:
3275:
1534:
1388:
1374:
1360:
1332:
881:Ekonomou, pg. 272; Mann, pg. 133
400:. In 726 Gregory was visited by
5521:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
260:(687–701). Later he was made a
60:
52:
1511:, IV: Erzkanzler bis Hiddensee
790:, in 720 Pope Gregory sent to
508:, under the expansionist duke
1:
5491:Popes of the Byzantine Papacy
5280:Faustina and Liberata of Como
4468:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia
4413:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
3337:Saints of the Catholic Church
618:Conflict with Emperor Leo III
5506:8th-century Christian saints
1299:Mann, pg. 198; Bury, pg. 445
264:and placed in charge of the
131:11 February 731 (aged c. 62)
1453:"Pope St. Gregory II"
1433:Liutprandi Leges de Anno XI
668:Then in 726, Leo issued an
488:Relations with the Lombards
433:over the deposition of the
223:temporal power of the popes
5537:
5443:Catholic Church portal
4403:Saints of the Cristero War
256:during the pontificate of
191:Other popes named Gregory
5431:
4438:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
4208:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
3383:Mother of God (Theotokos)
3343:
3271:
1626:
1573:
1564:
1556:
1549:
1412:The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies
749:, who raised a revolt in
329:John VI of Constantinople
295:, and was consecrated as
189:
36:
4584:Joseph (father of Jesus)
3970:Athanasius of Alexandria
3752:Athanasius of Alexandria
3636:Theophanes the Confessor
3616:Paul I of Constantinople
3611:Paphnutius the Confessor
3556:Athanasius the Confessor
1509:Lexikon des Mittelalters
1470:In: Massimo Bray (ed.):
782:Battle of Toulouse (721)
460:, Gregory had given the
219:iconoclastic controversy
5496:8th-century archbishops
4516:Gregory the Illuminator
4486:Augustine of Canterbury
4035:Dionysius of Alexandria
3950:Alexander of Alexandria
3089:During the Roman Empire
1106:Bluhme ed. pgs. 123–124
440:In 721, Gregory held a
412:Local church activities
3955:Alexander of Jerusalem
3561:Chariton the Confessor
3523:in the Catholic Church
3294:Catholic Church Portal
3154:Conflicts with the HRE
1551:Catholic Church titles
1472:Enciclopedia dei Papi.
1233:Gero, Stephen (1974).
720:
627:
567:Then in 727, with the
206:
5386:Fourteen Holy Helpers
5350:Trasilla and Emiliana
4501:Evermode of Ratzeburg
4383:Perpetua and Felicity
4353:Martyrs of Sandomierz
4223:Dismas the Good Thief
4150:Theophilus of Antioch
4120:Maximus the Confessor
4055:Epiphanius of Salamis
3995:Clement of Alexandria
3709:Doctors of the Church
3601:Maximus the Confessor
3388:Immaculate Conception
3070:History of the papacy
1506:(1989). "Gregor II".
1459:Catholic Encyclopedia
1437:Edictus Langobardorum
1410:Levillain, Philippe,
1403:Ekonomou, Andrew J.,
1346:Catholic Encyclopedia
852:Williams, George L.,
716:
625:
533:Faroald II of Spoleto
421:. In 718 he restored
5516:Leo III the Isaurian
5290:Hiltrude of Liessies
5235:Catherine of Bologna
5230:Bernadette Soubirous
4423:17 Thomasian Martyrs
4233:Four Crowned Martyrs
4155:Victorinus of Pettau
4135:Papias of Hierapolis
4105:Jerome of Stridonium
4070:Gregory of Nazianzus
4040:Dionysius of Corinth
3862:Lawrence of Brindisi
3817:Bernard of Clairvaux
3792:Anselm of Canterbury
3747:Gregory of Nazianzus
3674:Priscilla and Aquila
3571:Edward the Confessor
3232:Revolutionary Papacy
3226:Age of Enlightenment
1543:at Wikimedia Commons
1442:Bury, John Bagnall,
758:St. Peter’s Basilica
678:Exarchate of Ravenna
607:) were given to the
569:Exarchate of Ravenna
215:Leo III the Isaurian
142:Eastern Roman Empire
138:Exarchate of Ravenna
114:Eastern Roman Empire
110:Exarchate of Ravenna
5340:Teresa of the Andes
5220:Angela of the Cross
5182:Zechariah (prophet)
4328:Martyrs of La Rioja
4323:21 Martyrs of Libya
4213:Christina of Persia
4193:Charles de Foucauld
4130:Quadratus of Athens
4090:Ignatius of Antioch
4060:Fulgentius of Ruspe
4010:Cyril of Alexandria
4005:Cyprian of Carthage
3990:Cappadocian Fathers
3887:Hildegard of Bingen
3757:Cyril of Alexandria
3631:Sergius of Radonezh
3393:Perpetual virginity
3079:Antiquity and Early
2883:17th–21st centuries
2597:13th–16th centuries
1485:Annette Grabowsky:
1474:Volume 1:
1468:Gregorio II, santo.
1466:Paolo Delogu:
1431:Bluhme, Friedrich,
1417:Treadgold, Warren,
1382:Christianity portal
784:. According to the
311:, beginning at the
217:as a result of the
5381:Four Holy Marshals
5376:Calendar of saints
5345:Teresa of Calcutta
5325:Patricia of Naples
5250:Catherine of Siena
4531:Patrick of Ireland
4453:Vietnamese Martyrs
4343:Martyrs of Otranto
4298:Martyrs of Cajonos
4293:Martyrs of Algeria
4288:Martyrs of Albania
4248:The Holy Innocents
4218:Devasahayam Pillai
4203:Carthusian Martyrs
4145:Polycarp of Smyrna
4100:Isidore of Seville
4085:Hippolytus of Rome
4080:Hilary of Poitiers
4015:Cyril of Jerusalem
3980:Caesarius of Arles
3975:Augustine of Hippo
3877:Thérèse of Lisieux
3872:Catherine of Siena
3822:Hilary of Poitiers
3797:Isidore of Seville
3772:Bede the Venerable
3762:Cyril of Jerusalem
3727:Augustine of Hippo
3641:Pio of Pietrelcina
3606:Michael of Synnada
3214:Reformation Papacy
3208:Renaissance Papacy
3150:(1012–1044 / 1048)
3103:Ostrogothic Papacy
2196:9th–12th centuries
1414:, Routledge (2002)
1326:Mann, pgs. 165–166
1317:Mann, pgs. 200–202
1272:Mann, pgs. 194–195
1263:Treadgold, pg. 353
1223:Mann, pgs. 191–192
1214:Mann, pgs. 199–200
1169:Treadgold, pg. 352
1097:Mann, pgs. 171–172
1070:Mann, pgs. 169–170
1043:Mann, pgs. 201–202
1025:Mann, pgs. 167–168
1016:Mann, pgs. 166–167
998:Mann, pgs. 163–164
980:Mann, pgs. 144–145
962:Mann, pgs. 161–162
944:Mann, pgs. 157–158
935:Levillain, pg. 643
926:Mann, pgs. 153–154
908:Mann, pgs. 147–148
899:Mann, pgs. 146–147
890:Treadgold, pg. 342
834:Levillain, pg. 642
787:Liber Pontificalis
711:Liber Pontificalis
628:
571:in chaos over the
506:Duchy of Benevento
357:bishop of Freising
99:Gregorius Sabellus
5511:8th-century popes
5463:
5462:
5455:Saints portal
5406:Miles Christianus
5391:Martyr of charity
5360:Josephine Bakhita
5355:Ubaldesca Taccini
5300:Kateri Tekakwitha
5275:Faustina Kowalska
5265:Eulalia of Mérida
5245:Catherine Labouré
5240:Brigid of Kildare
5067:Baruch ben Neriah
4511:François de Laval
4496:Damien of Molokai
4463:Victor and Corona
4458:Valentine of Rome
4348:Martyrs of Prague
4313:Martyrs of Gorkum
4273:Martyrs of Lübeck
4160:Vincent of Lérins
4140:Peter Chrysologus
4095:Irenaeus of Lyons
4065:Gregory the Great
4050:Ephrem the Syrian
3847:Robert Bellarmine
3842:John of the Cross
3827:Alphonsus Liguori
3802:Peter Chrysologus
3777:Ephrem the Syrian
3742:Basil of Caesarea
3717:Gregory the Great
3699:Seventy disciples
3591:Lazarus Zographos
3576:Francis of Assisi
3446:James of Alphaeus
3403:Marian apparition
3303:
3302:
3267:
3266:
3159:Wandering Papacy
3122:Saeculum obscurum
3095:Under Constantine
1900:5th–8th centuries
1694:1st–4th centuries
1678:papal resignation
1583:
1582:
1574:Succeeded by
1539:Media related to
1424:Mann, Horace K.,
1007:Ekonomou, pg. 245
989:Ekonomou, pg. 299
796:Duke of Aquitaine
747:Tiberius Petasius
653:named Basil, the
597:Donation of Sutri
573:Byzantine Emperor
545:Exarch of Ravenna
387:Romance languages
340:Theodo of Bavaria
282:Quinisext Council
196:
195:
5528:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5441:
5440:
5320:Narcisa de Jesús
5305:Lucy of Syracuse
5210:Agatha of Sicily
5122:John the Baptist
4368:Maximilian Kolbe
4363:Martyrs of Zenta
4338:Martyrs of Natal
4318:Martyrs of Japan
4308:Martyrs of China
4303:Martyrs of Drina
4238:Gerard of Csanád
4198:Canadian Martyrs
4183:Abda and Abdisho
4125:Melito of Sardis
4115:John of Damascus
4075:Gregory of Nyssa
3960:Ambrose of Milan
3892:Gregory of Narek
3857:Anthony of Padua
3832:Francis de Sales
3767:John of Damascus
3413:Joseph (husband)
3365: →
3361: →
3357: →
3330:
3323:
3316:
3307:
3291:
3279:
3278:
3199:Early Modern and
3109:Byzantine Papacy
3075:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1586:
1557:Preceded by
1547:
1538:
1524:
1504:Rudolf Schieffer
1463:
1455:
1446:, Vol. II (1889)
1398:
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1368:Biography portal
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820:
684:. The armies of
657:Jordanes, and a
526:John I of Naples
516:in 717, cutting
239:Pope Benedict II
130:
128:
90:Personal details
21:
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5418:Seven Champions
5411:Church Militant
5401:Athleta Christi
5396:Military saints
5364:
5260:Clare of Assisi
5196:
5132:Judas Barsabbas
5038:
4610:
4540:
4526:Nino of Georgia
4472:
4378:Pedro Calungsod
4333:Martyrs of Laos
4278:Luigi Versiglia
4169:
4110:John Chrysostom
4000:Clement of Rome
3941:
3934:
3901:
3867:Teresa of Ávila
3852:Albertus Magnus
3737:John Chrysostom
3703:
3664:Mary of Bethany
3645:
3551:Anthony of Kiev
3532:
3500:
3451:James the Great
3417:
3369:
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3304:
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3246:(1929–present)
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3148:Tusculan Papacy
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3115:Frankish Papacy
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1620:Catholic Church
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1541:Pope Gregory II
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414:
325:Capitoline Hill
313:Porta Tiburtina
305:
299:on 19 May 715.
266:Vatican Library
231:
199:Pope Gregory II
185:
177:Papal vestments
165:Catholic Church
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65:11 February 731
48:Catholic Church
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5423:Virtuous pagan
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5187:Zechariah (NT)
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4506:Francis Xavier
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4455:
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4448:Uganda Martyrs
4445:
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4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:Titus Brandsma
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Pietro Parenzo
4390:
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4355:
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4335:
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4263:Korean Martyrs
4260:
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4030:Desert Mothers
4027:
4025:Desert Fathers
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
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3879:
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3837:Peter Canisius
3834:
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3782:Thomas Aquinas
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3676:
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3669:Mary Magdalene
3666:
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3623:
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3593:
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3581:Francis Borgia
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539:, the port of
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3139:High and Late
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2784:Innocent VIII
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2764:Callixtus III
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2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Boniface VIII
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Celestine III
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Alexander III
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Anastasius IV
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Sylvester III
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Benedict VIII
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Anastasius II
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:Pope emeritus
1671:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1631:List of popes
1629:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1520:3-7608-8904-2
1516:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1339:public domain
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1308:Mann, pg. 198
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1205:Mann, pg. 188
1202:
1199:
1196:Mann, pg. 186
1193:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1133:Bury, pg. 444
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1115:Mann, pg. 187
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1088:Mann, pg. 171
1085:
1082:
1079:Mann, pg. 170
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1061:Mann, pg. 169
1058:
1055:
1052:Mann, pg. 202
1049:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1034:Mann, pg. 168
1031:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
986:
983:
977:
974:
971:Mann, pg. 150
968:
965:
959:
956:
953:Mann, pg. 158
950:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
917:Mann, pg. 151
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
893:
887:
884:
878:
875:
872:Mann, pg. 145
869:
867:
865:
863:
859:
855:
849:
846:
843:Mann, pg. 144
840:
837:
831:
828:
824:
819:
817:
815:
811:
805:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
779:
775:
767:
765:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
738:
736:
732:
728:
723:
719:
715:
713:
712:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
656:
655:Chartoularios
652:
648:
647:Duchy of Rome
644:
639:
637:
633:
624:
617:
615:
614:
613:Duchy of Rome
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
487:
485:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:synod in Rome
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:Monte Cassino
420:
411:
409:
407:
404:, the former
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
336:
334:
333:Monothelitism
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
300:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
228:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
192:
188:
182:
179:
176:
175:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
143:
139:
135:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
97:
93:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
56:
49:
46:
42:
39:
35:
27:
22:
16:
5501:Papal saints
5335:Rose of Lima
4829:John Paul II
4783:
4659:Anastasius I
4629:Adeodatus II
4603:
4478:Missionaries
4388:Peter Chanel
4373:Óscar Romero
4268:Lorenzo Ruiz
4243:Great Martyr
3812:Peter Damian
3621:Peter Claver
3351:canonization
3292:
3280:
3250:World War II
3244:Vatican City
3120:
3091:(until 493)
3055:Benedict XVI
3050:John Paul II
2970:Clement XIII
2965:Benedict XIV
2940:Innocent XII
2874:Clement VIII
2849:Gregory XIII
2829:Marcellus II
2789:Alexander VI
2739:Innocent VII
2704:Benedict XII
2659:Nicholas III
2624:Alexander IV
2614:Celestine IV
2604:Honorius III
2588:Innocent III
2573:Gregory VIII
2533:Celestine II
2518:Callixtus II
2488:Alexander II
2413:Sylvester II
2393:Benedict VII
2353:Stephen VIII
2238:Benedict III
2151:
2092:Adeodatus II
2037:Boniface III
1891:Anastasius I
1565:
1507:
1490:
1486:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1344:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1245:(1): 23–42.
1242:
1238:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
853:
848:
839:
830:
785:
771:
755:
739:
724:
721:
717:
709:
699:
667:
640:
629:
566:
530:
498:Cottian Alps
491:
471:
454:Lombard king
439:
415:
391:
383:Vulgar Latin
365:
337:
306:
290:
286:Justinian II
243:
232:
207:Gregorius II
198:
197:
161:Venerated in
62:Papacy ended
54:Papacy began
15:
5295:Joan of Arc
5225:Æthelthryth
5142:Melchizedek
5004:Telesphorus
4994:Sylvester I
4879:Marcellus I
4874:Marcellinus
4794:Gregory VII
4789:Gregory III
4704:Celestine V
4699:Celestine I
4694:Callixtus I
4684:Boniface IV
4674:Benedict II
4649:Alexander I
4624:Adeodatus I
4443:Ulma Family
4433:Thomas More
4283:Martyrology
4258:John Fisher
3907:Evangelists
3787:Bonaventure
3441:Bartholomew
3375:Virgin Mary
3258:(1945–1991)
3252:(1939–1945)
3240:(1870–1929)
3234:(1775–1848)
3222:(1585–1689)
3216:(1534–1585)
3210:(1417–1534)
3191:(1378–1417)
3185:(1309–1378)
3177:, 1228–1304
3171:, 1262–1297
3165:, 1257–1281
3156:(1048–1257)
3141:Middle Ages
3081:Middle Ages
3045:John Paul I
3020:Benedict XV
3000:Gregory XVI
2975:Clement XIV
2960:Clement XII
2930:Innocent XI
2869:Innocent IX
2864:Gregory XIV
2814:Clement VII
2744:Gregory XII
2734:Boniface IX
2714:Innocent VI
2689:Benedict XI
2679:Celestine V
2674:Nicholas IV
2669:Honorius IV
2619:Innocent IV
2578:Clement III
2528:Innocent II
2523:Honorius II
2513:Gelasius II
2493:Gregory VII
2483:Nicholas II
2443:Benedict IX
2388:Benedict VI
2363:Agapetus II
2338:Stephen VII
2313:Sergius III
2303:Benedict IV
2293:Theodore II
2278:Boniface VI
2177:Stephen III
2157:Gregory III
2147:Constantine
2112:Benedict II
2047:Adeodatus I
2042:Boniface IV
2022:Pelagius II
1982:Boniface II
1922:Celestine I
1861:Sylvester I
1846:Marcellus I
1841:Marcellinus
1776:Callixtus I
1761:Eleutherius
1736:Telesphorus
1726:Alexander I
1648:Papal names
1577:Gregory III
1560:Constantine
1480:treccani.it
368:Anglo-Saxon
270:Constantine
250:sacellarius
156:11 February
84:Gregory III
74:Constantine
70:Predecessor
5481:731 deaths
5476:669 births
5470:Categories
5029:Zephyrinus
4989:Stephen IV
4974:Sixtus III
4954:Simplicius
4899:Nicholas I
4824:John XXIII
4814:Innocent I
4784:Gregory II
4774:Gelasius I
4679:Boniface I
4639:Agapetus I
4634:Adrian III
4605:Matriarchs
4546:Patriarchs
4165:Zephyrinus
3538:Confessors
3506:Archangels
3398:Assumption
3349:Stages of
3201:Modern Era
3131:(974–1012)
3035:John XXIII
2945:Clement XI
2920:Clement IX
2910:Innocent X
2905:Urban VIII
2900:Gregory XV
2824:Julius III
2759:Nicholas V
2724:Gregory XI
2709:Clement VI
2644:Innocent V
2634:Clement IV
2609:Gregory IX
2563:Lucius III
2543:Eugene III
2508:Paschal II
2498:Victor III
2478:Stephen IX
2463:Damasus II
2458:Clement II
2453:Gregory VI
2428:Sergius IV
2423:John XVIII
2373:Benedict V
2358:Marinus II
2283:Stephen VI
2263:Adrian III
2243:Nicholas I
2228:Sergius II
2223:Gregory IV
2203:Stephen IV
2167:Stephen II
2152:Gregory II
2072:Theodore I
2057:Honorius I
2052:Boniface V
2017:Benedict I
2007:Pelagius I
1992:Agapetus I
1952:Gelasius I
1942:Simplicius
1927:Sixtus III
1917:Boniface I
1907:Innocent I
1771:Zephyrinus
1685:Pope-elect
1661:non-extant
1497:De Gruyter
1487:Gregor II.
1354:Literature
806:References
735:Anastasius
702:Theophanes
682:iconoclasm
670:iconoclast
581:Pentapolis
577:iconoclast
535:, capture
510:Romuald II
502:Aripert II
371:missionary
345:archbishop
229:Early life
171:Attributes
57:19 May 715
31:Gregory II
26:Pope Saint
5285:Genevieve
5192:Zephaniah
4999:Symmachus
4984:Stephen I
4969:Sixtus II
4949:Silverius
4944:Sergius I
4904:Paschal I
4894:Miltiades
4804:Hormisdas
4779:Gregory I
4764:Felix III
4749:Evaristus
4744:Eutychian
4729:Eleuterus
4724:Dionysius
4719:Damasus I
4714:Cornelius
4709:Clement I
4654:Anacletus
4398:Philomena
4045:Dionysius
4020:Damasus I
3965:Anatolius
3651:Disciples
3586:Homobonus
3546:Anatolius
3359:Venerable
3125:(904–964)
3117:(756–857)
3111:(537–752)
3105:(493–537)
3097:(312–337)
2995:Pius VIII
2925:Clement X
2859:Urban VII
2809:Adrian VI
2799:Julius II
2779:Sixtus IV
2754:Eugene IV
2699:John XXII
2694:Clement V
2664:Martin IV
2639:Gregory X
2568:Urban III
2553:Adrian IV
2538:Lucius II
2473:Victor II
2418:John XVII
2408:Gregory V
2383:John XIII
2268:Stephen V
2258:Marinus I
2253:John VIII
2248:Adrian II
2218:Valentine
2213:Eugene II
2208:Paschal I
2142:Sisinnius
2127:Sergius I
2062:Severinus
2027:Gregory I
1997:Silverius
1967:Hormisdas
1962:Symmachus
1947:Felix III
1881:Damasus I
1856:Miltiades
1831:Eutychian
1821:Dionysius
1816:Sixtus II
1811:Stephen I
1801:Cornelius
1721:Evaristus
1716:Clement I
1711:Anacletus
1641:canonised
1636:graphical
1495:(nur bei
1239:Byzantion
762:canonized
727:Eutychius
659:subdeacon
589:Eutychius
551:, asking
520:off from
458:Liutprand
359:in upper
349:Corbinian
268:. During
258:Sergius I
254:Roman See
246:subdeacon
153:Feast day
148:Sainthood
127:731-02-11
80:Successor
5369:See also
5270:Euphemia
5107:Jeremiah
5087:Habakkuk
5044:Prophets
5019:Vitalian
5014:Victor I
4964:Sixtus I
4959:Siricius
4889:Martin I
4869:Lucius I
4834:Julius I
4799:Hilarius
4769:Felix IV
4739:Eusebius
4734:Eugene I
4664:Anicetus
4536:Remigius
4491:Boniface
3897:Irenaeus
3679:Silvanus
3626:Salonius
3471:Matthias
3436:Barnabas
3423:Apostles
3282:Category
3256:Cold War
3030:Pius XII
3010:Leo XIII
2985:Pius VII
2854:Sixtus V
2819:Paul III
2794:Pius III
2749:Martin V
2729:Urban VI
2654:John XXI
2649:Adrian V
2629:Urban IV
2503:Urban II
2438:John XIX
2398:John XIV
2378:Leo VIII
2368:John XII
2273:Formosus
2182:Adrian I
2137:John VII
2087:Vitalian
2082:Eugene I
2077:Martin I
2032:Sabinian
2012:John III
2002:Vigilius
1977:Felix IV
1937:Hilarius
1886:Siricius
1876:Liberius
1871:Julius I
1851:Eusebius
1806:Lucius I
1766:Victor I
1751:Anicetus
1731:Sixtus I
1668:Antipope
1571:715–731
1251:44170426
800:Toulouse
636:Arab war
605:Vetralla
558:Imperial
494:Lombards
446:Aquileia
431:Volturno
427:Lombards
5330:Rosalia
5255:Cecilia
5202:Virgins
5162:Obadiah
5137:Malachi
5082:Ezekiel
5034:Zosimus
5024:Zachary
5009:Urban I
4939:Pontian
4914:Paul VI
4849:Leo III
4809:Hyginus
4759:Felix I
4669:Anterus
4599:Solomon
4564:Abraham
4408:Stephen
4175:Martyrs
3942:Fathers
3915:Matthew
3722:Ambrose
3689:Timothy
3684:Stephen
3659:Apollos
3566:Dominic
3528:Raphael
3521:
3519:Michael
3514:Gabriel
3466:Matthew
3363:Blessed
3175:Perugia
3169:Orvieto
3163:Viterbo
3060:Francis
3040:Paul VI
3025:Pius XI
3005:Pius IX
2990:Leo XII
2980:Pius VI
2839:Pius IV
2834:Paul IV
2774:Paul II
2769:Pius II
2719:Urban V
2403:John XV
2348:Leo VII
2343:John XI
2298:John IX
2288:Romanus
2187:Leo III
2162:Zachary
2132:John VI
2067:John IV
1987:John II
1912:Zosimus
1826:Felix I
1791:Anterus
1786:Pontian
1781:Urban I
1741:Hyginus
1618:of the
1341::
774:victory
751:Tuscany
686:Ravenna
632:Leo III
541:Ravenna
537:Classis
482:Jupiter
462:pallium
398:Ireland
394:Britain
375:Winfrid
361:Bavaria
280:of the
252:of the
181:Pallium
5177:Simeon
5167:Samuel
5102:Isaiah
5092:Haggai
5077:Elijah
5052:Agabus
4934:Pius X
4929:Pius V
4924:Pius I
4909:Paul I
4859:Leo IX
4854:Leo IV
4844:Leo II
4819:John I
4754:Fabian
4644:Agatho
4579:Joseph
3940:Church
3732:Jerome
3496:Thomas
3486:Philip
3431:Andrew
3015:Pius X
2895:Paul V
2890:Leo XI
2844:Pius V
2468:Leo IX
2333:Leo VI
2328:John X
2233:Leo IV
2172:Paul I
2117:John V
2107:Leo II
2102:Agatho
1972:John I
1796:Fabian
1746:Pius I
1656:extant
1652:Tombs
1517:
1439:(1868)
1428:(1903)
1421:(1997)
1407:(2007)
1249:
778:Muslim
695:Naples
609:papacy
601:Latium
585:exarch
549:Franks
522:Naples
478:pagans
278:canons
262:deacon
44:Church
5486:Popes
5157:Nahum
5152:Moses
5147:Micah
5127:Jonah
5097:Hosea
5072:David
4979:Soter
4919:Peter
4864:Linus
4839:Leo I
4689:Caius
4616:Popes
4589:David
4574:Jacob
4569:Isaac
3985:Caius
3694:Titus
3491:Simon
3481:Peter
3367:Saint
2804:Leo X
2323:Lando
2308:Leo V
2122:Conon
2097:Donus
1932:Leo I
1836:Caius
1756:Soter
1706:Linus
1701:Peter
1616:Popes
1247:JSTOR
776:over
743:Pavia
603:(see
593:Sutri
562:Narni
514:Cumae
450:Grado
435:abbot
379:Latin
353:synod
317:Tiber
203:Latin
5117:Joel
5062:Anna
5057:Amos
4884:Mark
4594:Noah
4559:Abel
4554:Adam
3930:John
3925:Luke
3920:Mark
3476:Paul
3461:Jude
3456:John
1866:Mark
1567:Pope
1515:ISBN
1489:In:
1435:In:
674:icon
663:Paul
651:duke
518:Rome
474:Lent
448:and
396:and
293:pope
248:and
134:Rome
121:Died
106:Rome
95:Born
5112:Job
792:Odo
575:’s
402:Ine
102:669
5472::
3353::
1482:).
1456:.
1243:44
1241:.
1237:.
861:^
813:^
794:,
587:,
564:.
456:,
437:.
373:,
363:.
225:.
205::
140:,
136:,
112:,
108:,
3329:e
3322:t
3315:v
1608:e
1601:t
1594:v
1523:.
1253:.
201:(
129:)
125:(
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