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filed, and after consultation with the
Historic Sites and Monuments Board. Ultimately, the minister responsible for Parks announced a name change for the site, from Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst NHS to Skmaqn–Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst NHS on February 16, 2018. The additional Mi’kmaq word means “the waiting place”, and is thought to originate between 1725 and 1758, "when Mi’kmaq and French leaders met annually at the site to renew their relationship and military alliance."
316:), pursued by the New Englanders until the French troops received reinforcements from local Acadian settlers and the Mi'kmaq. The French troops and their allies were able to drive the New Englanders back to their ships; in the process, nine New Englanders were killed, wounded or made prisoner while the New Englanders took six Acadians as hostages, who were threatened with execution should the Acadians or Mi'kmaq rebel against British control.
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448:. Thirteen additional ships arrived by October and departed overseas; 700 lives being lost due to ships sinking en route to Europe and an estimated 900 additional lives being lost due to disease and illness during the deportation. Approximately 1,600 Acadians evaded capture by hiding in forests in the western part of what the British now called St. John's Island.
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616:. In support of the Prince Edward Battery's harbour defence duties, shore batteries of cannon were placed on each side of the entrance into Charlottetown Harbour. The western battery was placed 0.5 km (0.31 mi) southeast of the abandoned Fort Amherst earthworks near what is now known as "Blockhouse Point" in the community of
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there, Holland, his deputy surveyor Thomas Wright, engineers, volunteers, and soldiers from Fort
Amherst set out to complete the survey, enduring harsh conditions through the winter. The survey divided the island into a system of three counties, 15 parishes, 67 townships, 3 royalties and various town sites.
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in 1959, and the present visitor center opened in 1973. The site's name was changed from Port-la-Joye—Fort
Amherst NHS to Skmaqn—Port-la-Joye—Fort Amherst NHS on February 16, 2018. The additional Mi’kmaq word means “the waiting place”, and is thought to originate between 1725 and 1758, "when Mi’kmaq
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beliefs, also supports a name change, saying "In the future I don't think there should ever be anything named after people who committed what can be described as crimes against humanity." In
February 2016, a spokesperson for Parks Canada said it would review the matter after a proper complaint is
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was porous sandstone. There were 18 cannon placed at the fort with 4 mounted in each corner and one mid-way on two of the walls. Buildings inside the fort included the commanding officer's headquarters, officer's quarters, soldier barracks, bakehouse, forge, storehouse and a prison. The
British
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Acadian settlers established farms in the surrounding area while under French control from 1720 to 1745 and 1746–1758 and the French military established a small military force at the outpost, garrisoned with troops from
Louisbourg. Morale was low and troops were infrequently relieved due to its
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spiritual leader John Joe Sark called the name of Port-la-Joye–Fort
Amherst a "terrible blotch on Canada", and said, "To have a place named after General Amherst would be like having a city in Jerusalem named after Adolf Hitler...it's disgusting." Sark raised his concerns again in a January 29,
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Holland arrived at Fort
Amherst in summer 1764 with his family but realized the fortification was unsuitable for his use and chose instead to build a dwelling approximately 1.5 km (0.93 mi) south of the garrison at a location he named Observation Cove (present-day Holland Cove). From
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From 1720 to 1770 Port-la-Joye, later named Fort
Amherst, served as the seat of government and port of entry for settlers to the island while under both French and British control. As such, it played an important role as a colonial outpost in the French-British struggle for dominance in North
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St. John's Island was
Holland's first stop on this assignment and he noted that the island's population had decreased significantly following the deportation of the Acadians in 1758. His survey of the island proposed an immigration and resettlement scheme based on a
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The garrison at Fort Amherst was moved in 1770 to Charlottetown. This resulted in Fort Amherst being abandoned as a settlement and fortification. The palisade and buildings were demolished in the 1770s and by 1779 nothing was left but the ditch and earthworks.
640:, who acquired the land in 1773. Governor Patterson and his wife, Hester Warren, built a farmhouse on the property and named it "Warren Farm". Patterson was removed from office in 1786 and the land was left vacant until 1796 when his title was nullified.
636:. The feudal owners of the township were Richard Wright, Esq., and Hugh Owens, Esq. In 1781, one half was sold for arrears (to the Owens Holding). The actual land containing the abandoned fortification was the first governor of St. John's Island,
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to Île Saint-Jean on a reconnaissance to assess the size of the British forces. After Boishebert returned, de Ramezay sent Joseph-Michel Legardeur de Croisille et de Montesson along with over 500 men, 200 of whom were Mi'kmaq, to Port-La-Joye.
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to be the colonial capital of St. John's Island. In 1768 Charles Morris of Nova Scotia surveyed the town site for Charlottetown with the help of soldiers from Fort Amherst. Charlottetown was named the capital of St. John's Island by
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312:, the French garrison at that time comprised 20 soldiers. The French troops fled while the British force burned the community to the ground. Duvivier and his soldiers retreated up the Northeast River (present-day
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fort immediately to the east (toward the water). It was built under the supervision of British Army Lieutenant William Spry who reported it to be complete on October 10, 1758. This fortification was named
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444:, had been told to expect approximately 300-500 Acadians but was surprised to find roughly 3,000-5,000 instead. The British Army proceeded to round up approximately 3,000 Acadians for deportation back to
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659:, includes Amherst on a list of those in the history of Canada who are considered contemptible because he "supported plans of distributing smallpox-infested blankets to First Nations people." In 2008,
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The British forces returned to Louisbourg while Duvivier and his 20 troops left to seek refuge in Quebec. After the fall of Louisbourg, the resident French population of Île Royal (present-day
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A variety of landowners farmed the property until 1959 when it was purchased by the federal government for preservation, which had designated it a National Historic Site the previous year.
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The fall of Port-la-Joye saw Île Saint-Jean return to control by France. French military forces constructed a star-shaped fort on the site between 1748 and 1749 in a style influenced by
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620:. The eastern battery was placed 1.5 km (0.93 mi) northeast of the abandoned Fort Amherst earthworks at what is now known as "Battery Point" in the present day town of
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surrender of the colony of Île Saint-Jean and with it its capital at Port-la-Joye. In late August a small British fleet of four ships carrying 500 soldiers under command of
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John Clarence Webster's, "Memorial on Behalf of Sieur de Boishebert" (Saint John: Historical Studies No. 4, Publications of the New Brunswick Museum, 1942) at p. 11.
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unpopularity. The wood barracks were poor protection from harsh winters when wind, rain and snow swirled between picket walls and rotten planked roofs.
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The site is named, in part, after a fort which was renamed for officer Jeffery Amherst of the British army. A 2007 article, "The Un-Canadians", in
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Following the French surrender at Louisbourg, a British military detachment landed that summer at Port-la-Joye. Under the command of
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saw the French commander surrender to British forces; just as in 1745, this surrender of the colony of Île-Royale (present day
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893:"Biography – LEGARDEUR DE CROISILLE ET DE MONTESSON, JOSEPH-MICHEL – Volume IV (1771-1800) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
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The British had left a garrison of 200 soldiers (New England irregulars and several British Army regulars) as well as two
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was appointed Surveyor-General of North America. On March 23, he received instructions to survey all
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and French leaders met annually at the site to renew their relationship and military alliance."
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Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst National Historic Site, Directory of Federal Heritage Designations
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Following its abandonment by the British Army, the property became part of the township of
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In 1801 the British Army upgraded its defences of the colonial capital by establishing the
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had relatively little impact on Île Saint-Jean, however, the deportation of Acadians from
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Statement from Minister McKenna on the name change of an important national historic site
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Statement from Minister McKenna on the name change of an important national historic site
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Army soldiers were rotated through the fort each spring with fresh replacements from
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Warren Cove in Charlottetown Harbour, as viewed from the earthworks of Fort Amherst.
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Historic site in Anchor Point in the community of Rocky Point, Prince Edward Island.
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In July 1989, Port-la-Joye—Fort Amherst National Historic Site was host to the 7th
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in 1763 ended the Seven Years' War which saw the garrison reduced at Fort Amherst.
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Historical Biographies, Nova Scotia: Charles des Champs de BoishĂŠbert (1729-1797)
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as well as the first military fortification on the island while under control of
944:"P.E.I. Park honours general who wanted aboriginals killed, Mi'kmaq leader says"
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saw an influx of refugees to the colony in the late summer and fall of 1755.
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1003:"Parks Canada may consider renaming historic site Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst"
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on the southwestern part of the harbour opposite the present-day city of
920:. Beaver, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p. 30. August–September 2007. Archived from
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at Louisbourg for the main people involved; demotions and hundreds of
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This location has the double distinction of hosting one of the first
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Proprietors of P.E.I. lots from 1767 till 1810 - The Island Register
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The present visitor center was officially opened in 1973 as part of
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took place among the garrison at Fort Amherst in 1762, resulting in
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Location of Skmaqn–Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst in Prince Edward Island
475:. The stockade was surrounded by a dry ditch and was crossed by a
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was sent from Quebec to the region in 1746 to join forces with the
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Buildings and structures in Queens County, Prince Edward Island
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589:, the colonial capital of St. John's Island was attacked by
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2016, letter to the federal government. Mi'kmaq historian
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Historic buildings and structures in Prince Edward Island
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Havey. The French régime in Prince Edward Island, p. 119
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Havey. The French régime in Prince Edward Island, p. 119
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arrived at Port-la-Joye. Lord Rollo, travelling aboard
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military forces took place in May–June 1745 as part of
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on the western edge of Charlottetown in present-day
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Parks Canada - Skmaqn–Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst NHS
967:"Native leader says P.E.I. park needs name changed"
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Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources
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969:. CTV.ca. Archived from the original on 2014-09-03
650:'s celebration of its centennial of provincehood.
565:Holland's survey selected the site of present-day
479:. The foundation of the 2.5 m (8.2 ft)
467:The small fort was home to 190 soldiers from the
222:, on May 27, 1958, on the advice of the national
530:, which included St. John's Island (present day
1754:National Historic Sites in Prince Edward Island
1026:, Parks Canada news release, February 16, 2018
782:, Parks Canada news release, February 16, 2018
542:), due to their importance for the fisheries.
331:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
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965:Mensah-Bonsu, Deborah (August 16, 2008).
301:surrender of Île Saint-Jean (present-day
354:To regain control of Acadia for France,
1334:Protected areas of Prince Edward Island
1051:"Introduction (Prince Edward Island)",
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247:who founded a settlement in 1720 named
1739:Military forts in Prince Edward Island
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946:. The Canadian Press. February 8, 2016
351:ships at Port-La-Joye to over-winter.
295:irregulars, this also resulted in the
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1471:Great George Street Historic District
861:Boishebert Canadian Biography On Line
744:List of French forts in North America
356:Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay
195:on the island while under control of
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767:Canadian Register of Historic Places
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550:system of land distribution with a
226:. The property was acquired by the
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224:Historic Sites and Monuments Board
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585:On November 17, 1775, during the
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770:. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
739:Military history of Nova Scotia
538:and Royal Island (present day
387:Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
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1461:Former Summerside Post Office
403:The first three years of the
337:Battle at Port-la-Joye (1746)
275:Battle at Port-la-Joye (1745)
599:Raid on Charlottetown (1775)
108:90.75 hectares (224.2 acres)
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187:settlements in present-day
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1005:. CBC.ca. February 8, 2016
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603:Boston, Massachusetts
469:28th Regiment of Foot
460:in honour of General
413:Bay of Fundy Campaign
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89:46.19722°N 63.13694°W
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