75:. There are Portuguese-speaking communities in most countries of Southern Africa, a mixture of Portuguese settlers and Angolans and Mozambicans who left their countries during the civil wars. A rough estimate has it that there are about 14 million people who use Portuguese as their sole mother tongue across Africa, but depending on the criteria applied, the number might be considerably higher, since many Africans speak Portuguese as a second language, in countries like Angola and Mozambique, where Portuguese is an official language, but also in countries like South Africa and Senegal, thanks to migrants coming from Portuguese-speaking countries. Some statistics claim that there are over 60 million Portuguese speakers in the continent.
246:, Angola and Mozambique. There are also some returning white Portuguese African refugees and their descendants from Brazil, Portugal, and South Africa to their former African controlled territories, mostly to Angola (up to 500,000) and Mozambique (350,000), and most importantly, there is the arrival of Portuguese post-colonial expatriates in Angola in the recent years, because of Portugal's economic interests and the Angolan economic boom.
79:
106:
ground to
Portuguese. In Mozambique, in addition to Portuguese as the official language, it is fast becoming the lingua franca. And as in Angola, Portuguese is the dominant spoken language in the urban areas of the country. In the five former African Portuguese colonies, Portuguese is the language of: commerce, the government, courts, schools and mass media.
31:
334:
Music is one way in which the linguistic profiles of PALOP have increased. Many recording artists from PALOP, in addition to singing in their maternal languages, sing in
Portuguese to one degree or another. The success of these artists in the world music industry increases international awareness of
377:
Sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the
Portuguese language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth. It is also where the language has evolved the most in recent years. It is estimated that for 2100, Africa will have the majority of Portuguese
105:
Portuguese has become the national language of Angola, as it is so widely spoken in every segment of society, and serves as the home language of the majority of the
Angolan population, particularly in the big towns and cities. A few native African languages continue to be spoken, but are losing
438:
In addition, Portuguese creoles have often been (and often continue to be) written using
Portuguese orthography. An important issue in discussions of standardization of creoles is whether it is better to devise a truly phonetic orthography or to choose an etymological one based on Portuguese.
413:
Any discussion of the role of the
Portuguese language in Africa must take into account the various Portuguese creoles that have developed there. These creole languages co-exist with Portuguese and, in the countries where they are spoken, form a continuum with the lexifying language.
217:
who emigrated from 1975 onwards, following the independence of the former colonies. The civil wars in Angola and
Mozambique also resulted in more recent migrations of refugees (some of whom speak Portuguese) to neighbouring countries such as
102:(SADC). Portuguese co-exists in Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Principe with Portuguese-based creoles (Upper Guinea and Gulf of Guinea Creoles), but Portuguese continues to be the official language of these countries.
378:
speakers in the world, surpassing Brazil. The
Portuguese-speaking African nations together with Brazil, have turned Portuguese into a formidable world language, also making it an important language of the global economy.
280:, a multilingual island in the Indian Ocean, has strong cultural ties with Mozambique. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to encounter the island. In 2006, Mauritius joined the CPLP as an associate member.
386:
Portuguese is the language of journalism, which serves as a vehicle for the dissemination of the language. Literacy being an issue, radio serves as an important source of information for
Lusophone Africans.
274:, at one point a Portuguese colony, is home to a Portuguese-based Creole and is a member nation in the CPLP. Portuguese is now an official language in Equatorial Guinea, although it is practically not used.
303:
As an official language, Portuguese serves in the realms of administration, education, law, politics and media. Given the existing linguistic diversity of the PALOPs, Portuguese also serves the purpose of
565:
199:. Portuguese is a primarily urban language having a reduced presence in rural areas, except for in Angola and SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe, where the language is more widespread on a national level.
374:
have made valuable contributions to lusophone literature, prompting an
African scent and ideas to the language and creating a place for the Portuguese language in the African imaginary.
264:, which was once part of the Portuguese colonial empire. Portuguese is taught as a foreign language throughout the country. In 2008, Senegal became an observer nation in the
435:
in syntax and vocabulary. Since the lexicons of those languages are derived from Portuguese, even creole-speakers who do not speak Portuguese have a passive knowledge of it.
308:
allowing communication between fellow citizens of different ethno-linguistic backgrounds. The standard Portuguese used in education, media and legal documents is based on
483:
2927:
620:
647:
312:
vocabulary used in Lisbon, but African Portuguese dialects differ from standard European Portuguese both in terms of pronunciation and colloquial vocabulary.
1038:
581:
562:
610:
2955:
284:
99:
1489:
975:
478:
166:
35:
1163:
1051:
712:
512:
2278:
640:
2338:
1626:
1231:
1031:
738:
2426:
2327:
192:
126:
72:
1912:
615:
86:
Africa is, therefore, the continent with the second-most Portuguese speakers in the world, only behind the Americas. Like
2361:
1764:
633:
219:
291:
has introduced Portuguese language instruction in its primary school system, partially due to the presence of a large
2802:
2240:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1138:
859:
398:
431:
in the archipelago. In SĂŁo Tome e Principe, Santomense Portuguese is a variety of Portuguese strongly influenced by
2523:
2095:
1530:
1088:
1024:
874:
339:
2022:
809:
2110:
1631:
1472:
1439:
1187:
1116:
1098:
1081:
1076:
1066:
2815:
2719:
1592:
1319:
1267:
869:
253:
2183:
698:
473:
804:
1728:
1609:
1582:
1458:
1404:
1111:
1071:
743:
683:
538:
458:
138:
2901:
2297:
2117:
1535:
1481:
1133:
947:
758:
214:
2201:
1614:
816:
2933:
2878:
2684:
2679:
2332:
2310:
2129:
1952:
1421:
1377:
1324:
995:
942:
693:
468:
2597:
1565:
828:
768:
920:
903:
2883:
2667:
2657:
2273:
2246:
2172:
2080:
2032:
1831:
1759:
1711:
1705:
1668:
1651:
1148:
990:
915:
845:
792:
780:
723:
257:
605:
363:
2631:
2368:
2260:
2228:
2222:
2064:
1843:
1803:
1769:
1673:
1597:
1540:
1361:
1000:
985:
937:
893:
879:
656:
493:
448:
424:
309:
210:
165:
The nation-states with Portuguese as an official language in Africa are referred to by the acronym
94:, Portuguese has become a post-colonial language in Africa and one of the working languages of the
48:
1739:
145:
has announced its decision to introduce Portuguese as its third official language, in addition to
51:
is spoken in a number of African countries and is the official language in six African countries:
2873:
2602:
2458:
2416:
2382:
2376:
2266:
2209:
2166:
2149:
1887:
1880:
1774:
1716:
1521:
1504:
1445:
1301:
1289:
1168:
1106:
980:
952:
932:
763:
688:
678:
463:
453:
292:
2651:
1779:
1143:
394:
821:
2830:
2809:
2729:
2689:
2672:
2548:
2476:
2470:
2394:
2286:
2196:
2137:
2049:
2007:
1808:
1754:
1641:
1619:
1560:
1545:
1516:
1499:
1409:
1372:
1341:
1329:
1248:
1236:
1153:
1128:
1122:
1047:
959:
908:
748:
488:
271:
196:
142:
60:
2783:
2773:
2758:
2746:
2662:
2611:
2575:
2553:
2540:
2534:
2508:
2463:
2452:
2356:
2321:
2305:
2154:
2142:
2075:
2039:
2027:
1995:
1920:
1892:
1865:
1695:
1690:
1678:
1658:
1646:
1587:
1494:
1451:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1346:
1277:
1261:
1158:
516:
355:
146:
114:
91:
833:
773:
606:
Reflections on Language Policy in African Countries with Portuguese as an Official Language
2867:
2853:
2734:
2636:
2626:
2570:
2421:
2409:
2349:
2344:
2159:
2088:
2070:
2017:
1947:
1904:
1816:
1797:
1749:
1636:
1602:
1555:
1550:
1272:
1204:
1176:
733:
569:
343:
130:
87:
1870:
925:
2918:
2825:
2820:
2741:
2621:
2583:
2315:
1964:
1875:
1821:
1791:
1683:
1367:
1295:
1241:
797:
785:
432:
428:
231:
110:
542:
109:
In Africa, the Portuguese language experiences pressure and possibly competition from
2949:
2860:
2763:
2751:
2483:
2191:
1848:
1786:
1282:
1016:
402:
305:
184:
122:
95:
64:
17:
2642:
2502:
1897:
338:
As a literary language, Portuguese has a strong role in the PALOP. Authors such as
202:
2558:
2044:
2704:
2697:
2434:
2000:
1969:
1005:
359:
78:
205:
also has approximately 300,000 speakers of Portuguese, primarily settlers from
1982:
1974:
1575:
1334:
728:
427:
which takes on various features of Portuguese and is a result of processes of
367:
320:
188:
180:
134:
118:
68:
56:
2778:
2616:
1958:
1253:
347:
277:
261:
2404:
1942:
2768:
2563:
2399:
2215:
1663:
1511:
351:
316:
315:
Additionally, Portuguese connects the PALOP countries to one another, to
2387:
2252:
2012:
1990:
1930:
1925:
1414:
1399:
753:
371:
249:
235:
223:
206:
30:
625:
2589:
1935:
1858:
1838:
1570:
328:
288:
227:
176:
52:
1853:
1826:
324:
239:
77:
582:"Africa to have majority of Portuguese speakers by century's end"
252:
has its own Lusophone connection with a significant community of
390:
265:
243:
154:
150:
1020:
629:
621:
Onomastics mapping of Portuguese business community in Africa
405:
have regular services in Portuguese for listeners in Africa.
141:
and has observer status at La Francophonie. Conversely,
82:
Map of Angola 2024 - native majority Portuguese speakers
616:
Lusofonia, Africa, and Matters of Languages and Letters
230:
and South Africa. Other migrations involved returning
563:
Zambia to introduce Portuguese into school curriculum
153:. Mauritius and Senegal have also joined the CPLP as
27:
Language official or recognized in several countries
2894:
2845:
2794:
2718:
2522:
2495:
2444:
2296:
2182:
2128:
2109:
1738:
1727:
1480:
1471:
1432:
1312:
1197:
1186:
1097:
1059:
968:
888:
854:
707:
663:
611:
A essay on African Portuguese and lusophone creoles
418:
170:
39:
149:and French, and has been accepted as a member
1032:
641:
172:PaĂses Africanos de LĂngua Oficial Portuguesa
41:PaĂses Africanos de LĂngua Oficial Portuguesa
8:
539:"Over 17,000 Senegalese learning Portuguese"
331:, which were also once Portuguese colonies.
2928:languages with more than 5 million speakers
2511:(mixed RomaniâIbero- and Occitano-Romance)
2125:
1735:
1477:
1194:
1039:
1025:
1017:
648:
634:
626:
29:
504:
100:Southern African Development Community
976:Geographic distribution of Portuguese
7:
843:Portuguese language Outside Brazil:
335:Portuguese as an African language.
2932:Languages between parentheses are
25:
2812:(unknown further classification)
584:. AgĂȘncia Brasil. 7 October 2019
299:The role of Portuguese in Africa
515:. BB Portuguese. Archived from
2936:of the language on their left.
2806:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
1:
2956:Portuguese language in Africa
175:) and include the following:
234:ex-slaves to places such as
220:Democratic Republic of Congo
2803:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
2972:
2505:(mixed PortugueseâSpanish)
1531:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1325:CentralâSouthern Calabrian
513:"The Future of Portuguese"
283:As a fellow member of the
260:in its southern region of
155:associate observer members
2910:
2060:
1813:North American dialects
1320:Extreme Southern Italian
293:Angolan population there
1232:CentralâNorthern Latian
459:Cape Verdean Portuguese
423:refers to a variety of
340:Francisco José Tenreiro
161:Geographic distribution
139:Commonwealth of Nations
1536:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
419:
254:Cape Verdeans in Dakar
171:
83:
45:
40:
2023:PoitevinâSaintongeais
996:Portuguese vocabulary
744:Florianopolitan/ManĂȘs
474:SĂŁo Tomean Portuguese
469:Mozambican Portuguese
193:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
127:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
81:
73:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
44:), highlighted in red
33:
1832:St. Marys Bay French
1356:NeapolitanâCalabrese
991:Portuguese phonology
759:North Coast/Cearense
739:Central Northeastern
258:Guinea-Bissau Creole
18:Portuguese in Africa
2184:GalicianâPortuguese
1210:Central Marchigiano
986:Portuguese diaspora
657:Portuguese language
494:Languages of Africa
449:Portuguese language
425:Cape Verdean Creole
310:European Portuguese
137:is a member of the
129:are all members of
2598:Catalan Ribagorçan
2445:PyreneanâMozarabic
1717:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1627:BustoccoâLegnanese
1422:Northern Calabrian
981:Brazilian diaspora
781:Curitibano/Sulista
568:2012-12-08 at the
464:Guinean Portuguese
454:Angolan Portuguese
84:
46:
2943:
2942:
2919:extinct languages
2841:
2840:
2518:
2517:
2477:Navarro-Aragonese
2362:Peruvian Ribereño
2287:Judaeo-Portuguese
2202:GalicianâAsturian
2105:
2104:
2096:Old Gallo-Romance
2050:Wisconsin Walloon
1467:
1466:
1440:Dalmatian Romance
1048:Romance languages
1014:
1013:
960:Judaeo-Portuguese
896:
862:
715:
671:
489:Portuguese Empire
272:Equatorial Guinea
197:Equatorial Guinea
143:Equatorial Guinea
61:Equatorial Guinea
16:(Redirected from
2963:
2464:Judaeo-Aragonese
2453:Andalusi Romance
2306:Amazonic Spanish
2143:Western Asturian
2126:
2065:Franco-Provençal
1736:
1632:ComascoâLecchese
1490:EmilianâRomagnol
1478:
1278:Regional Italian
1268:Italo-Australian
1195:
1117:Megleno-Romanian
1041:
1034:
1027:
1018:
956:
929:
912:
892:
858:
837:
825:
813:
801:
789:
777:
711:
667:
650:
643:
636:
627:
594:
593:
591:
589:
578:
572:
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
541:. Archived from
535:
529:
528:
526:
524:
509:
422:
391:Voice of America
256:and speakers of
174:
43:
21:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2906:
2890:
2868:Pannonian Latin
2854:African Romance
2837:
2790:
2721:
2714:
2652:Judeo-Provençal
2525:
2514:
2491:
2440:
2350:Chilean Chilote
2292:
2178:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2101:
2089:Moselle Romance
2056:
1905:Missouri French
1866:Franco-Ontarian
1741:
1730:
1723:
1463:
1428:
1405:Southern Latian
1308:
1273:Maltese Italian
1205:Central Italian
1189:
1182:
1177:Common Romanian
1093:
1077:Italo-Dalmatian
1055:
1045:
1015:
1010:
964:
950:
923:
906:
890:
884:
856:
850:
831:
819:
807:
805:Serra amazĂŽnica
795:
783:
771:
709:
703:
665:
659:
654:
602:
597:
587:
585:
580:
579:
575:
570:Wayback Machine
561:
557:
548:
546:
537:
536:
532:
522:
520:
511:
510:
506:
502:
445:
420:crioulo levinho
417:In Cape Verde,
411:
395:BBC Para Ăfrica
384:
344:Luandino Vieira
301:
163:
131:La Francophonie
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2921:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2807:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2726:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2592:
2587:
2584:Judaeo-Catalan
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2543:
2530:
2528:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2339:Latin American
2335:
2330:
2318:
2316:Judaeo-Spanish
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1962:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1811:
1806:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1459:Judaeo-Italian
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1201:
1199:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1119:
1114:
1112:Istro-Romanian
1109:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1060:Major branches
1057:
1056:
1052:classification
1046:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
972:
970:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
945:
940:
935:
930:
918:
913:
900:
898:
886:
885:
883:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
852:
851:
849:
848:
839:
838:
826:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
719:
717:
705:
704:
702:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
675:
673:
661:
660:
655:
653:
652:
645:
638:
630:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
601:
600:External links
598:
596:
595:
573:
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530:
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501:
498:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
444:
441:
429:decreolization
410:
407:
383:
380:
364:Luis Kandjimbo
300:
297:
232:Afro-Brazilian
211:white Angolans
162:
159:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2968:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2902:Proto-Romance
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:Reconstructed
2893:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2861:British Latin
2858:
2856:
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2848:
2844:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
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2799:
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2777:
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2707:
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2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2680:Vivaro-Alpine
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2640:
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2635:
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2630:
2628:
2625:
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2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
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2588:
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2585:
2581:
2577:
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2572:
2569:
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2557:
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2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2484:Old Navarrese
2481:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2449:
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2428:
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2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:Equatoguinean
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2051:
2048:
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2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
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1842:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:Frainc-Comtou
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1726:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
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1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Judeo-Italian
1581:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Castelmezzano
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1283:Swiss Italian
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:Transylvanian
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:Daco-Romanian
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:Italo-Western
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
961:
958:
954:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
927:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
905:
902:
901:
899:
895:
887:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
870:East Timorese
868:
867:
865:
861:
853:
847:
844:
841:
840:
835:
830:
827:
823:
818:
815:
811:
806:
803:
799:
794:
791:
787:
782:
779:
775:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
721:
720:
718:
714:
706:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
674:
670:
662:
658:
651:
646:
644:
639:
637:
632:
631:
628:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
583:
577:
574:
571:
567:
564:
559:
556:
545:on 2012-07-16
544:
540:
534:
531:
519:on 2 May 2012
518:
514:
508:
505:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
442:
440:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
415:
408:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
381:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:Lopito FeijĂło
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
306:lingua franca
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Guinea-Bissau
182:
178:
173:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:Guinea-Bissau
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
101:
98:(AU) and the
97:
96:African Union
93:
89:
80:
76:
74:
70:
66:
65:Guinea-Bissau
62:
58:
54:
50:
42:
37:
32:
19:
2923:
2914:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2801:
2703:
2696:
2658:Languedocien
2650:
2643:Judeo-Gascon
2641:
2582:
2533:
2503:Barranquenho
2482:
2475:
2451:
2433:
2375:
2337:
2320:
2311:Extremaduran
2285:
2259:
2245:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2214:
2171:
2130:Asturleonese
2094:
2087:
2045:West Walloon
2033:Saintongeais
1981:
1957:
1953:Anglo-Norman
1911:
1844:Newfoundland
1804:Jersey Legal
1796:
1704:
1669:Southwestern
1652:Vallassinese
1541:Gallo-Picene
1482:Gallo-Italic
1444:
1360:
1355:
1294:
1260:
1175:
1121:
948:Transmontano
842:
722:
713:Pan-American
708:Pan-American
684:Cape Verdean
668:
586:. Retrieved
576:
558:
547:. Retrieved
543:the original
533:
521:. Retrieved
517:the original
507:
437:
416:
412:
389:
385:
376:
337:
333:
314:
302:
282:
276:
270:
248:
203:South Africa
201:
164:
108:
104:
85:
47:
2879:Campidanese
2705:Old Catalan
2698:Old Occitan
2435:Old Spanish
2369:Rioplatense
2173:Old Leonese
2001:Cotentinais
1965:Guernésiais
1888:Frenchville
1881:New England
1760:Bourbonnais
1712:Piedmontese
1706:Old Lombard
1598:Bergamasque
1522:Sammarinese
951: [
924: [
907: [
832: [
820: [
817:Brasiliense
808: [
796: [
784: [
772: [
360:Rui Knopfli
215:Mozambicans
2926:indicates
2884:Logudorese
2417:Philippine
2383:Andalusian
2377:Peninsular
2267:Estremenho
2223:Portuguese
2150:Cantabrian
1983:Law French
1975:Sercquiais
1809:Meridional
1770:Champenois
1765:Burgundian
1576:Tabarchino
1566:Monégasque
1505:Parmigiano
1362:Neapolitan
1335:Manduriano
1302:Florentine
1169:Wallachian
1139:Bukovinian
943:Oliventine
933:Estremenho
764:Paulistano
729:Amazofonia
699:SĂŁo Tomean
694:Mozambican
549:2009-05-01
500:References
403:RTP Ăfrica
368:Manuel Rui
321:East Timor
189:Mozambique
181:Cape Verde
135:Mozambique
119:Cape Verde
69:Mozambique
57:Cape Verde
49:Portuguese
2934:varieties
2917:indicate
2874:Sardinian
2831:Triestine
2779:Sursilvan
2690:Mentonasc
2668:Provençal
2617:Auvergnat
2603:Valencian
2559:Mallorcan
2549:Algherese
2524:Occitano-
2471:Navarrese
2459:Aragonese
2395:Castilian
2298:Castilian
2274:Uruguayan
2247:Brazilian
2210:Minderico
2204:/Eonavian
2167:Mirandese
2081:ValdĂŽtain
2067:/Arpitan
2008:Orléanais
1959:Auregnais
1943:Mayennais
1893:Louisiana
1775:Ardennais
1755:Berrichon
1561:Intemelio
1517:Forlivese
1500:Bolognese
1446:Dalmatian
1410:Tarantino
1373:Benevento
1330:Salentino
1290:Sassarese
1254:Gallurese
1237:Romanesco
1190:Dalmatian
1154:Moldavian
1149:MaramureÈ
1107:Aromanian
1001:Phonology
916:Alentejan
846:Uruguayan
829:Recifense
769:Sertanejo
724:Brazilian
348:Mia Couto
278:Mauritius
262:Casamance
2950:Category
2810:Venetian
2784:Vallader
2774:Surmiran
2747:Cadorino
2730:Friulian
2663:Limousin
2632:BĂ©arnese
2594:Western
2576:Northern
2564:Menorcan
2554:Balearic
2545:Eastern
2541:dialects
2400:Castrapo
2357:Peruvian
2328:dialects
2261:European
2229:dialects
2216:Portugis
2197:Galician
2138:Asturian
2076:Savoyard
2028:Poitevin
1996:Cauchois
1970:JĂšrriais
1817:Canadian
1696:Varesino
1691:Ticinese
1679:Novarese
1674:Cremunés
1664:Ossolano
1659:Milanese
1647:Lecchese
1615:Brianzöö
1546:Ligurian
1512:Romagnol
1393:Arianese
1388:Irpinian
1383:Cilentan
1347:Pantesco
1342:Sicilian
1313:Southern
1249:Corsican
1225:Macerata
1220:Fabriano
1159:Oltenian
1129:dialects
1089:Southern
1006:Portuñol
969:See also
938:Nortenho
921:Algarvio
904:Açoriano
894:European
889:European
566:Archived
523:11 April
443:See also
352:Pepetela
317:Portugal
2915:Italics
2816:Chipilo
2759:Romansh
2722:Romance
2720:Rhaeto-
2685:Gardiol
2637:Landese
2627:Aranese
2612:Occitan
2571:Central
2535:Catalan
2526:Romance
2427:Creoles
2422:Saharan
2410:Murcian
2388:Llanito
2345:Chilean
2322:Spanish
2279:Creoles
2253:Mineiro
2235:African
2160:Riberan
2155:Leonese
2120:Iberian
2113:Romance
2040:Walloon
2013:Paydret
1991:Augeron
1931:Vosgien
1926:Gaumais
1921:Lorrain
1913:Creoles
1876:Muskrat
1822:Acadian
1750:Angevin
1740:Langues
1731:Romance
1637:Comasco
1610:Western
1603:Cremish
1593:Eastern
1588:Lombard
1556:Genoese
1551:Brigasc
1495:Emilian
1473:Western
1452:Istriot
1415:Vastese
1400:Molisan
1262:Italian
1198:Central
1144:CriÈana
1099:Eastern
1082:Western
1067:Eastern
793:Carioca
754:Mineiro
734:Caipira
689:Guinean
679:Angolan
669:African
664:African
409:Creoles
372:Ondjaki
319:and to
250:Senegal
236:Nigeria
224:Namibia
207:Madeira
147:Spanish
115:English
92:English
2846:Others
2826:Talian
2821:Fiuman
2795:Others
2735:Fornes
2673:Niçard
2622:Gascon
2590:Patuet
2496:Others
2405:CastĂșo
2111:Ibero-
2071:Faetar
2018:Picard
1948:Norman
1936:Welche
1859:Magoua
1849:Quebec
1839:Brayon
1798:French
1780:RĂ©mois
1729:Gallo-
1684:Pavese
1642:Laghée
1620:Canzés
1571:Royasc
1433:Others
1368:Barese
1296:Tuscan
1242:Sabino
1215:Ancona
1188:Italo-
749:GaĂșcho
588:5 June
329:Brazil
289:Zambia
228:Zambia
177:Angola
111:French
88:French
53:Angola
2769:PutĂšr
2764:Jauer
2752:Nones
2742:Ladin
2241:Asian
1898:Houma
1871:MĂ©tis
1854:Joual
1827:Chiac
1792:Gallo
1742:d'oĂŻl
1134:Banat
955:]
928:]
911:]
880:Macau
860:Asian
855:Asian
836:]
824:]
812:]
800:]
788:]
776:]
479:PALOP
433:Forro
382:Media
325:Macau
240:Benin
167:PALOP
36:PALOP
2924:Bold
2509:CalĂł
2192:Fala
2118:West
875:Goan
590:2021
525:2012
484:CPLP
401:and
327:and
285:SADC
266:CPLP
244:Togo
213:and
209:and
195:and
151:CPLP
133:and
125:and
113:and
90:and
71:and
34:The
399:RFI
370:or
2952::
953:pt
926:pt
909:pt
834:pt
822:pt
810:pt
798:pt
786:pt
774:pt
397:,
393:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
323:,
295:.
287:,
268:.
242:,
238:,
226:,
222:,
191:,
187:,
183:,
179:,
157:.
121:,
117:.
67:,
63:,
59:,
55:,
2122:)
2116:(
1054:)
1050:(
1040:e
1033:t
1026:v
897:)
891:(
863:)
857:(
726::
716:)
710:(
672:)
666:(
649:e
642:t
635:v
592:.
552:.
527:.
169:(
38:(
20:)
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