261:(February 1888) for the purpose of constructing, owning, and operating a deep-water channels into the Gulf of Mexico and for constructing, owning, and operating docks in connection with such channels. Their authority extended "as far as necessary to reach a place of its docks that will afford security from cyclones, storms, swells, and tidal waves, with such depth as may suit its concenience and the wants of navigation, not less than 10 feet, and a width of not less than 40 feet." They were authorized to charge and collect tolls "not to exceed 1 cent per barrel bulk of the capacity of each vessel going either way."
615:(LNG) market in the early 2000s. They initially began operations as a gas importer in 2008 supporting cleaner fuels for the US. A major shift in the LNG gas market due primarily to improvements in extracting gas from shale, saw little need for the US to continue importing natural gas. In the early 2010s, Freeport LNG switched their market focus to build export capacity, which led to major investments in their facility. A multi-phase expansion costing more than $ 25 billion led to Freeport LNG having one of the largest LNG export facilities in the world.
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the board, including any newly elected members vote on a slate of officers. No commissioner holds the same office for two consecutive terms. Although the district is divided into four precincts each commissioner is elected by a district wide vote. Five of the six positions are associated with a specific precinct and one position is "at-large" and two commissioners sharing a precinct. There is no information given as to how this structure was developed.
181:). It has rail access, represents both private and public facilities. It is ranked 10th in the nation for chemicals, 19th in the nation for total tonnage, 26th in the nation for container traffic, handles over 100,000 vehicles per year and has more than 1,000 ships per year. Forbes magazine (2017) ranked Port Freeport as one of the top 10 fastest growing seaports for exports in the U.S.
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324:, is a Special District created under the Texas Constitution by the Legislature in 1925 and approved by the citizens of Brazoria County. Port Freeport is a local government entity that is governed by a board of Commissioners elected by the voters of the district. Commonly known, and referred to, as a Navigation District or Port Authority.
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On June 8, 2022, a fire and explosion occurred as a result of a pipeline rupture, taking the LNG terminal fully offline. As of June 2022, limited operations were expected to resume in
September, with full service restored by the end of 2022. Because the terminal accounted for about 20% of US LNG
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Strategic
Petroleum Reserve (SPR) formed in 1975 as defense against oil shortages and resulting economic hardships for the country. The SPR site located on the Brazos River Diversion Channel south of Freeport is the largest of these facilities in the United States with a capacity exceeding 40 Million
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In the late 1930s, Dow
Chemical wanted develop a new facility while expanding their magnesium extraction process. Freeport, Texas had everything a chemical company could want - seawater rich in magnesium and bromine, a proximity to natural gas reserves and salt domes, a large harbor and good weather.
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Formed in 1912 to mine
Sulphur in the area and ship Sulphur from Velasco where it became a valuable asset to the United States during World War I and thus increasing the area's importance. It was followed in 1916 by the Stauffer Chemical Company which caused economic growth in the area and led to the
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Each port in Texas state is governed by its own commission, which acts as a board of directors for the port. Some commissions are elected by citizens in the port district and may consist of three or five commissioners. Some commissions are appointed by other elected offices such as county commissions
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In the early 1950s a public dry cargo terminal was built and operated by the Brazos River
Navigation District of Brazoria County. This has evolved into the current facility located in the city of Freeport which houses various tenants such as American Rice, Dole, Chiquita and Horizon Terminals as well
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and
Freeport and provide a protected harbor for the fledgling shipping industry that supported Sulphur mining in the area. Moving a river is a pretty large task – especially in the late 1920s. Almost all dirt work was done by mule powered equipment as the diversion channel was dug in dry
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United States (Army Corps of) Engineers proposes spending $ 40,000 to remove the (sand) bar and add palmetto pilings. Congress approved the budget. However, later that year, The Army amended their proposal to build two parallel jetties consisting of brush, stone, and concrete instead of piles at an
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In 1953, the Port
Authority passed a bond to build public docks and warehouses in order to handle bulk and dry goods. Those docks have evolved into a nearly 400 acre facility used by several import and export companies today. Long term tenants include: Dole Fruit, Rivianna Foods (FKA American Rice),
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Port
Freeport is a taxing authority with the power to issue bonds -- “for improving the inland and coastal waters, and for the preservation and conservation of inland and coastal waters for navigation … and that all property, real and personal, situated within the district and subject to
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Spring floods impacted the river causing silting near the mouth there was a continual need for dredging to keep commerce viable. Another major feature of the Brazos River is that it empties directly into the Gulf of Mexico without crossing a bay or estuary. This is import from both a maintenance and
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A survey indicated wave actions and subsidence may have contributed to the loss of a considerable amount of the north jetty. The officer in charge, Major O.H. Ernst, opined that money would be better spent deepening the
Galveston and Brazos Canal, a canal that connected Port Velasco to Galveston, a
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Dow officials, including
Willard Dow and Dr. A.P. Beutel, studied potential locales from New Orleans, Louisiana down to Brownsville, Texas. Two sites stood above the rest: Corpus Christi and Freeport. Freeport was a small village in the middle of marshland with an easily accessible harbor – it won.
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The study conducted in 2016 by Texas A&M Transportation Institute updates the previous measures to 150,651 jobs statewide and $ 98.8 Billion into the Texas economy. Supplemental to the local and state impacts, researchers also estimate Port Freeport contributes about $ 149 Billion to the
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As a Deep-Draft port, Freeport complements, and competes with, other ports along the Gulf Coast in handling exports, import and coastwise shipping helping to propel Texas into the 10th largest economy in the world. Publicly owned and operated deep-draft warehousing and terminal facilities for
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Following enactment of a statute in 1925 by the Texas legislature providing that a district might be established from parts or all of one or two counties for the purpose of improvement of harbor or navigable streams, in December 1925 The Brazos River Harbor Navigation district was created by a vote
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Typically, large scale infrastructures and public investments have their value measured by their effect on commerce, employment, or incomes produced which is referred to as Economic Impact. Every few years Port Freeport commissions a study to value the economic impact on the community as a part of
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Port Freeport is governed by six commissioners elected by voters within the district – not appointed like some of the other ports within the state. Commissioners serve six-year terms. The board reconstitutes itself every election cycle with restrictions on offices. Meaning that each election cycle
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Later, the main channel (aka Old Brazos River) would be expanded from 18 feet to a depth of 38 feet by 300 feet wide and extended into the Gulf of Mexico for seven miles. This provided a more stable channel for ship calling on Port Freeport which primarily carried Sulphur, crude oil for the inland
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The navigation district (Port Freeport) within Brazoria County is pretty large, even by Texas standards. The boundaries roughly stated are: The Southwest corner of Brazoria county at the intersection of the shoreline and Matagorda County line extending eastward along the shore to Chocolate Bayou.
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In 1899, the Secretary of War, deemed the maintenance the river mouth “of sufficient public interest to justify the United States to complete the works of the Brazos River Channel and Dock Company.” Whereby, he approved Eighty-five thousand dollars in funding for improvements to the river,
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Due to WWII, the country needed refined petroleum products. In 1941, Phillips Petroleum established a refinery and tank farm in the town of Old Ocean, about 30 miles inland. The location chosen was primarily as protection from enemy naval attack. They connected to the Freeport harbor via
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Port Velasco superseded Port Freeport by more than a decade. The channel was open to steam ship traffic prior to 1920 and sailing traffic dating into the late 1800s where ships called on Port Velasco. Primary cargo shipped from Port Velasco was agricultural products from Brazoria county.
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However, Port Freeport (AKA Brazos Harbor Navigation District) was originally structured with only three elected commissioners. This structure remained in place from 1925 to about 1960 when port officials petitioned the state legislature to increase the number of commissioners to six.
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pipeline to load ships from their own terminal. 2019 saw the completion and activation of the Phillips 66 NGL facility significantly increasing ship traffic. This led Forbes Magazine to list Port Freeport as one of the top 10 fastest growing ports in the United States.
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Dow was a major military contractor during WWII with their magnesium extraction process perfected just months prior to the Japanese attack on Peal Harbor. Magnesium is used in flares, bombs, and the manufacture of aircraft. Dow opened its doors here in 1941. (Brandt, 2013)
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estimated cost of $ 522,890. Work began in 1881 and continued until 1886, when operations were suspended for lack of (federal) funds. At this time, only the north (or eastern) jetty was partially completed with only some of the base of the south jetty complete.
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the Brazos River as one of the principal rivers in Texas. Its length is about 800 miles, and its watershed embraces about 36,000 square miles." "Unlike any other Texas river, the Brazos flows directly into the Gulf of Mexico without the intervention of a
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Closely associated with the SPR facility is Enterprise Products (Pipeline), which is also a tenant of Port Freeport, operating a crude oil terminal that transfers crude oil, both import and export, for various refineries in addition to the SPR facility.
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provided the Brazos River Channel and Dock Company transferred all interest to the United States Government. This project resulted in channel 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide and removed any private interest from owning or operating the channel.
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This bond was matched by the federal government which directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to begin a project to protect the harbor by diverting the mount of the Brazos River over five miles distant from the existing rock jetties.
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Studies at Port Freeport look at seaport activity, values of imports/exports, business revenue, payroll, direct jobs, re-spending, local purchases, induced jobs, and indirect jobs. These measures allow analysts to measure economic impact.
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BASF, a German company, partnered with Dow to build a plant here in the 1950s. In the early 1990s BASF opened a marine terminal on the river and today is expanding again to become one of the world's largest producers of ammonia.
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When completed, it created a protected harbor for shipping and a base for economic development that remains to this day. It also created a unique situation where the Brazos River is the only river in the United States with two mouths
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was chartered by the legislature of Texas for the purpose of deepening the channel over the bar and improving the river, but after various unsuccessful effort to secure a subsidy from the State the project was abandoned about 1874.
277:. After an early storm destroyed Velasco, the settlement was moved upriver and rebuilt. Port Velasco was an early port of commerce for Texas but was hampered by silting at the mouth of the Brazos River. The town of
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When Stephen F. Austin landed on the Texas coast in 1825 at the mouth of the Brazos River to form his colony there was no deep channel or rock jetties at that time – it was only a lazy river flowing into the Gulf of Mexico.
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A $ 1,000,000 in Bonds Voted accompanied the vote for district creation. The purpose of the bond issue was primarily for the Improvement and deepening of the harbor at the mouth of the Brazos River. (Freeport Facts,
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and Freeport. The Freeport Sulphur Company was established in 1912 with mining interests in the area that utilized the channel for exporting product and is the original heavy industry to begin developing the area
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The study published in 2012 reviewed the state-wide impact of Port Freeport and concluded it impacted over 66,000 jobs and caused a revenues of over $ 17.9 Billion in the Texas economy. (Martin & Associates, 2012)
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Following Chocolate Bayou northward as it crosses most of the county until it reaches a point at County Road 69 (Manvel-Sandy Point Rd, near the town of Iowa Colony), then traveling west along County Road 69 to the
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A study conducted in 1970 identified the economic impact at $ 1.7Billion and projected it to reach $ 7.2 Billion by 2000. Per capita income was measured at $ 3,200 and projected to reach $ 5,570 by 2000.
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Port Freeport has authority over all waterways within the district (Texas Water Code 60.043); it may fix fees, charges or tolls for their use as well as control the operation of vessels using these waters.
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In 1970 the River and Harbor Act authorized a new depth of the channel to be 45 feet with dredging completed in the late 1980s. This was primarily to accommodate larger tankers needed for importing crude
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back to the Gulf of Mexico. It covers about 1187 square miles, or 87% of Brazoria County. Many people often mistakenly assume the navigation district is limited to the City of Freeport.
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ground before being opened to the river water. One of the results of this project was the Highway 36 bridge leading into Freeport being built over dry ground then having the channel dug under it.
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The first notable project of the Navigation District was the relocation of the Brazos River which was completed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to control flooding in the town of
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In 2018 public supported bonds were passed to support this specific project. However, US Army Corps of Engineers delayed work until 2020 with actual work beginning in 2021.
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The population of Brazoria county was 76,000 in 1960; 108,000 in 1970 and is 346,300 in 2015, 374,264 in 2019, 379,641 in 2020. This is a growth rate of 22.45% since 2010.
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In the late 19th century, work began in a set of jetties but did not get completed until 1900 as the project switched from federal sponsor to private and back to federal.
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or city councils, or a combination of those. Some ports commissioners are appointed by various jurisdictions which may include a single city government, such as
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as it either provides raw products, or uses products from the many other chemical companies in the area. Dow is also responsible for the existence of the
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Port Velasco officially opened in July 1891 and was the predecessor to Port Freeport. Velasco was the settlement originally located at the mouth of the
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line and following that line west to the Brazos River, then south along the river and western Brazoria County line from Fort Bend County along
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During the same year, while federal representatives were preparing to abandon their project, the Texas Legislature added statutes creating the
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of people of the district that was established.. The district established encompasses Four-Fifths of Brazorla County. (Freeport Facts, 1949)
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Initial products were agricultural in nature consisting of mostly cotton. In the early 1900s Sulphur mines were common in southern
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general cargo are located in the Brazos Harbor Turning Basin. Foreign trade and interstate commerce are primary functions of the Port.
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This section covers the early history of the Brazos River from the time Texas was founded until the current entity was formed in 1925.
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barrels. SPR is connected via pipelines to other locations in the country and to multiple berths along the Freeport Channel.
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The LNG terminal began commercial operations in April 2008. LNG export capability became operational in 2019.
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Port Freeport obtained Congressional approval to further expand and deepen the channel to handle larger ships.
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forerunner of the Intracoastal Waterway. He recommended work on the jetties at the Brazos River be abandoned.
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In 2021 the US Army Corps of Engineers broke the overall dredging project into four segments (referred to as
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taxation will be benefitted by the improvements to be constructed by the District” (Section 59, Article 16,
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Dow Chemical has formed the base for almost all other chemical companies in lower
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1925 marked the year Port Freeport was officially created as a governing entity.
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Chiquita Fruit Co., Tenaris, and Horizon Terminal Services.
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Brazos River Harbor Navigation District of Brazoria County
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later ( approximately 1957) merged with the town of
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Brazos Harbor Navigation District of Brazoria County
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743:"LNG - Existing LNG Terminals : Freeport, TX"
223:Brazos Internal Improvement and Navigation Company
493:evaluating the performance of the organization.
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793:Hampton, Liz; Rashad, Marwa (2022-06-15).
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253:The Brazos River Channel and Dock Company
1683:Transportation in Brazoria County, Texas
206:A report from the U.S. Army, describes "
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320:Port Freeport, originally known as the
672:. Automotive Logistics. Archived from
173:along the U.S Gulf Coast. Located in
28:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
1698:Port authorities in the United States
259:Brazos River Channel and Dock Company
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1171:Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
586:Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR)
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708:Report of the Chief of Engineers
668:Williams, Marcus (5 July 2017).
624:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
644:"UNLOCODE (US) - UNITED STATES"
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202:Report of Chief of Engineers
1161:National Historic Landmarks
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1693:Ports and harbors of Texas
710:. Part 2: 1816–1827. 1897.
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1645:List of counties in Texas
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768:"Freeport LNG Newsroom"
84:28.941694°N 95.345667°W
982:Sabine–Neches Waterway
977:Port Mansfield Channel
972:Matagorda Ship Channel
923:Shallow-draft seaports
462:Port of Corpus Christi
309:ecological viewpoint.
967:Intracoastal Waterway
613:Liquified Natural Gas
89:28.941694; -95.345667
16:Port in United States
962:Houston Ship Channel
957:Brazos Santiago Pass
553:City of Lake Jackson
1196:Tourist attractions
858:Deep-water seaports
595:Enterprise Products
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774:. 19 December 2019
722:"Texas Public Law"
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1365:Osage Plains
1345:Hill Country
1315:Coastal Bend
1257:Homelessness
1232:Demographics
1084:Architecture
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894:Barbours Cut
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799:. Retrieved
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75:95°20′44.4″W
72:28°56′30.1″N
1584:San Antonio
1468:Brownsville
1463:Port Arthur
1410:Trans-Pecos
1400:South Texas
1380:Piney Woods
1360:North Texas
1262:LGBT rights
904:Port Arthur
870:Brownsville
559:Phillips 66
275:Surfside TX
124:Operated by
87: /
62:Coordinates
1677:Categories
1579:San Angelo
1522:Sugar Land
1495:Fort Worth
1449:Round Rock
1415:West Texas
1330:East Texas
1295:Boca Chica
1285:Ark‑La‑Tex
1144:Newspapers
1139:Mass media
1134:Literature
1114:Healthcare
1109:Government
914:Texas City
801:2022-06-23
476:Population
447:Governance
165:(formally
143:Statistics
1602:Texarkana
1499:Arlington
1472:Harlingen
1370:Panhandle
1242:Education
1124:Languages
1104:Geography
1064:(capital)
944:waterways
885:Galveston
849:Ports of
797:. Reuters
454:Galveston
313:Post-1925
305:, 2021).
101:UN/LOCODE
1637:Counties
1612:Victoria
1560:Edinburg
1546:Longview
1459:Beaumont
1440:Amarillo
1290:Big Bend
1267:Politics
1252:Gun laws
1247:Gambling
1217:Abortion
995:Category
930:Victoria
880:Freeport
865:Beaumont
778:6 August
747:FERC.gov
680:3 August
653:24 March
391:In 2014
283:Freeport
190:Pre-1925
134:Owned by
51:Location
34:Location
1597:Denison
1593:Sherman
1569:Midland
1564:Mission
1556:McAllen
1551:Lubbock
1532:Killeen
1514:Houston
1509:El Paso
1435:Abilene
1277:Regions
1237:Economy
1222:Culture
1210:Society
1181:Symbols
1119:History
1099:Cuisine
1089:Climate
1079:Outline
1000:Economy
898:Bayport
890:Houston
414:Reach 2
407:reaches
361:Velasco
339:
298:Velasco
279:Velasco
265:Velasco
185:History
171:seaport
149:Website
110:Details
40:Country
1574:Odessa
1541:Laredo
1536:Temple
1491:Dallas
1445:Austin
1405:Texoma
1186:Texans
1176:Sports
1071:Topics
1061:Austin
940:Canals
115:Opened
1643:See:
1607:Tyler
1481:Bryan
1427:areas
1227:Crime
1149:Radio
1051:Texas
1047:State
851:Texas
630:Notes
488:Value
344:1949)
209:bay."
105:USFPO
1617:Waco
1191:Time
780:2022
682:2017
655:2021
577:BASF
421:Size
382:oil.
248:1888
239:1887
230:1880
221:The
217:1866
118:1925
1503:DFW
1129:Law
1049:of
531:Dow
1679::
1154:TV
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