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83:. By 1389, Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years, governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. Then, in 1397, he took his revenge on the appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son,
125:. Contemporary historians do not accept this interpretation, while not thereby exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. Most authorities agree that, even though his policies were not unprecedented or entirely unrealistic, the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, and this led to his downfall.
87:, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Claiming initially that his goal was only to reclaim his patrimony, it soon became clear that he intended to claim the throne. Meeting little resistance, Bolingbroke deposed Richard and had himself crowned as King
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in 1381, which the young king handled well, playing a major part in suppressing the rebellion. In the following years however, the king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent in the political community. In 1387, control of government was taken over by a group of noblemen known
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for military protection instead. He also cultivated a courtly atmosphere where the king was an elevated figure, and art and culture were at the centre, in contrast to the fraternal, martial court of his grandfather. Richard's posthumous reputation has to a large extent been shaped by
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As an individual, Richard was tall, good-looking and intelligent. Though probably not insane, as earlier historians believed, he seems to have suffered from certain
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During
Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of councils. The political community preferred this to a
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when his father died in 1376. When Edward III died the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten.
51:. At the age of four, Richard became second in line to the throne when his older brother, Edward of Angoulême, died, and
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91:. Richard died in captivity early the next year; he was probably murdered.
43:. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of
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74:, yet Gaunt was highly influential. The first major challenge was the
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35:(6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400) was the eighth
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