110:, which encouraged youths to join the Royal Navy recruited them by providing clothes, bedding, and a rudimentary education. In the mid-1790s, it is estimated that the Marine Society was sending five or six hundred boys a year to the fleet, although not all of these boys became powder monkeys. Of the boys who were recruited by the Marine Society, most had no other option than to join the navy, as their parents could not afford to raise them. However, a significant number had familial ties to the sea. This group had cousins, fathers, and even grandfathers who were sailors, thus making them want to continue family traditions and exploit their sense of adventure.
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The Royal Navy first began using the term "powder monkey" in the 17th century. The term was later used, and continues to be used in some countries, to signify a skilled technician or engineer who engages in blasting work, such as in the mining or demolition industries. In such industries, a "powder
121:, during which time both sides utilized the special physical gifts that powder monkeys offered on board their warships. After the War of 1812, boys under the age of twelve were forbidden by the U.S. Navy from serving on ships. However, boys above that age were still used as powder monkeys until the
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of 12 to 14 years of age. Powder monkeys were usually boys or young teens, selected for the job for their speed and height: they were short and could move more easily in the limited space between decks and would also be hidden behind the ship's
99:, keeping them from being shot by enemy ships' sharpshooters. These powder monkeys held no official naval rank on the ships that they sailed on. Some women and older men also worked as powder monkeys.
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in the ship's hold to the artillery pieces, either in bulk or as cartridges, to minimize the risk of fires and explosions. The function was usually fulfilled by
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started using powder monkeys in the late 1700s after modeling its structure upon the Royal Navy. The two navies fought against each other in the
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The United States did not have an established navy until after its independence in 1776, and even then, it was loosely organized. The
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The
Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783–1812: A Political, Social, and Military History
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Nelson's
Victory: 101 Questions & Answers about HMS Victory, Nelson's Flagship at Trafalgar, 1805
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Ships of Oak Guns of Iron: The war of 1812 and the
Forging of the American Navy
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Kosanke, K.L.; Sturman, Barry T.; Winokur, Robert M.; Kosanke, B.J. (2012).
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Encyclopedic
Dictionary of Pyrotechnics: (and Related Subjects)
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that ended up on ships were part of the poor working class.
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guns as a member of a warship's crew, primarily during the
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Manned naval artillery guns as a member of a warship's crew
395:. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing Inc. pp. 15–17.
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Thirty Years From Home: A Seamen's View of the War of 1812
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Black Salt: Seafarers of
African Descent on British Ships
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monkey" is also sometimes referred to as a "blaster".
310:. London, UK: Conway Maritime Press LTD. pp.
252:. London, UK: Conway Maritime Press LTD. pp.
225:. Lenfestey, Thompson. Globe Pequot. p. 341.
420:. Del Mar, CA: The Bishop Press. p. 93.
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173:John Paul Jones:Africa's First Sea Warrior
150:. Liverpool University Press. p. 55.
473:. Journal of Pyrotechnics. p. 1009.
339:. Tucson, AZ: Fireship Press. p. 8.
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175:. Naval Institute Press. p. 235.
125:at the end of the nineteenth century.
283:. Naval Institute Press. p. 50.
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448:. Pelican Publishing. p. 130.
418:Ponies, Patriots and Powder Monkeys
223:The Sailor's Illustrated Dictionary
102:Many of the powder monkeys in the
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43:Powder monkey (left) on a French
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196:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2014).
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32:Powder monkey (disambiguation)
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498:History of HMS Victory: Crew
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200:. ABC-CLIO. p. 463.
363:The U.S. Navy: A History
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