778:
522:
563:
307:
936:
266:
59:. Note that all these definitions of power gains employ the use of average (as opposed to instantaneous) power quantities and therefore the term "average" is often suppressed, which can be confusing at occasions.
137:
773:{\displaystyle G_{T}={\frac {4|k_{21}|^{2}\Re {(M_{\mathrm {L} })}\Re {(M_{\mathrm {S} })}}{{\bigl |}(k_{11}+M_{\mathrm {S} })(k_{22}+M_{\mathrm {L} })-k_{12}k_{21}{\bigr |}^{2}}}}
517:{\displaystyle G_{T}={\frac {4|y_{21}|^{2}\Re {(Y_{\mathrm {L} })}\Re {(Y_{\mathrm {S} })}}{{\bigl |}(y_{11}+Y_{\mathrm {S} })(y_{22}+Y_{\mathrm {L} })-y_{12}y_{21}{\bigr |}^{2}}}}
1014:
859:
47:
gain, "power gain" may be ambiguous as the meaning of terms "input power" and "output power" is not always clear. Three important power gains are
177:
If the time-averaged input power depends on the load impedance, one must take the maximum of the ratio, not just the maximum of the numerator.
201:
84:
1004:
1019:
1009:
20:
989:
836:
159:
162:, i.e., we desire the load impedance which maximizes the time-averaged power delivered to the load.
827:
may only be obtained from the source when the load impedance connected to it (i.e. the equivalent
36:
28:
832:
977:
68:
44:
828:
155:
32:
998:
298:
540:
186:
976:
may only be obtained when the load impedance is the complex conjugate of the
931:{\displaystyle G_{A}={\frac {P_{\mathrm {L\ max} }}{P_{\mathrm {S\ max} }}}}
261:{\displaystyle G_{T}={\frac {P_{\mathrm {L} }}{P_{\mathrm {S\ max} }}}}
40:
132:{\displaystyle G_{P}={\frac {P_{\mathrm {L} }}{P_{\mathrm {I} }}}}
557:
This result can be generalized to z, h, g and y-parameters as:
815:
is the source value in the corresponding parameter set
862:
566:
310:
204:
87:
804:
is the load value in the corresponding parameter set
293:
is the maximum available average power at the source
154:
is the maximum time-averaged power delivered to the
952:is the maximum available average power at the load
930:
772:
516:
260:
131:
847:The available power gain of a two-port network,
173:is the time-averaged input power to the network.
963:is the maximum power available from the source
835:of the source impedance, a consequence of the
756:
663:
500:
407:
8:
282:is the average power delivered to the load
158:, where the maximization is over the load
16:Ratio of a circuit's output power to input
907:
906:
883:
882:
876:
867:
861:
761:
755:
754:
747:
737:
720:
719:
706:
689:
688:
675:
662:
661:
648:
647:
639:
625:
624:
616:
607:
602:
595:
586:
580:
571:
565:
505:
499:
498:
491:
481:
464:
463:
450:
433:
432:
419:
406:
405:
392:
391:
383:
369:
368:
360:
351:
346:
339:
330:
324:
315:
309:
237:
236:
225:
224:
218:
209:
203:
120:
119:
108:
107:
101:
92:
86:
301:this definition can be used to derive:
35:to an input power. Unlike other signal
7:
990:Lecture notes on two-port power gain
920:
917:
914:
908:
896:
893:
890:
884:
721:
690:
649:
636:
626:
613:
465:
434:
393:
380:
370:
357:
250:
247:
244:
238:
226:
189:power gain of a two-port network,
121:
109:
14:
831:of the two-port network) is the
1015:Audio amplifier specifications
727:
699:
696:
668:
655:
640:
632:
617:
603:
587:
471:
443:
440:
412:
399:
384:
376:
361:
347:
331:
67:The operating power gain of a
1:
793:is a z, h, g or y-parameter
1036:
31:is the ratio of an output
553:is the source admittance
932:
774:
518:
262:
133:
21:electrical engineering
1005:Electrical parameters
933:
837:maximum power theorem
775:
519:
263:
181:Transducer power gain
134:
53:transducer power gain
860:
843:Available power gain
564:
308:
202:
85:
63:Operating power gain
57:available power gain
49:operating power gain
1020:Transfer functions
928:
770:
514:
258:
129:
29:electrical network
1010:Two-port networks
926:
913:
889:
854:, is defined as:
833:complex conjugate
768:
512:
256:
243:
196:, is defined as:
127:
78:, is defined as:
1027:
980:of the network.
978:output impedance
975:
962:
951:
937:
935:
934:
929:
927:
925:
924:
923:
911:
901:
900:
899:
887:
877:
872:
871:
853:
826:
814:
803:
792:
779:
777:
776:
771:
769:
767:
766:
765:
760:
759:
752:
751:
742:
741:
726:
725:
724:
711:
710:
695:
694:
693:
680:
679:
667:
666:
659:
658:
654:
653:
652:
635:
631:
630:
629:
612:
611:
606:
600:
599:
590:
581:
576:
575:
552:
538:
523:
521:
520:
515:
513:
511:
510:
509:
504:
503:
496:
495:
486:
485:
470:
469:
468:
455:
454:
439:
438:
437:
424:
423:
411:
410:
403:
402:
398:
397:
396:
379:
375:
374:
373:
356:
355:
350:
344:
343:
334:
325:
320:
319:
292:
281:
267:
265:
264:
259:
257:
255:
254:
253:
241:
231:
230:
229:
219:
214:
213:
195:
172:
153:
138:
136:
135:
130:
128:
126:
125:
124:
114:
113:
112:
102:
97:
96:
77:
69:two-port network
1035:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1024:
995:
994:
986:
974:
968:
961:
955:
950:
944:
902:
878:
863:
858:
857:
852:
848:
845:
829:input impedance
825:
819:
813:
807:
802:
796:
791:
787:
753:
743:
733:
715:
702:
684:
671:
660:
643:
620:
601:
591:
582:
567:
562:
561:
551:
545:
537:
531:
497:
487:
477:
459:
446:
428:
415:
404:
387:
364:
345:
335:
326:
311:
306:
305:
291:
285:
280:
274:
232:
220:
205:
200:
199:
194:
190:
183:
171:
165:
152:
146:
115:
103:
88:
83:
82:
76:
72:
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
997:
996:
993:
992:
985:
982:
972:
965:
964:
959:
953:
948:
922:
919:
916:
910:
905:
898:
895:
892:
886:
881:
875:
870:
866:
850:
844:
841:
823:
817:
816:
811:
805:
800:
794:
789:
781:
780:
764:
758:
750:
746:
740:
736:
732:
729:
723:
718:
714:
709:
705:
701:
698:
692:
687:
683:
678:
674:
670:
665:
657:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
628:
623:
619:
615:
610:
605:
598:
594:
589:
585:
579:
574:
570:
555:
554:
549:
543:
535:
525:
524:
508:
502:
494:
490:
484:
480:
476:
473:
467:
462:
458:
453:
449:
445:
442:
436:
431:
427:
422:
418:
414:
409:
401:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
372:
367:
363:
359:
354:
349:
342:
338:
333:
329:
323:
318:
314:
295:
294:
289:
283:
278:
252:
249:
246:
240:
235:
228:
223:
217:
212:
208:
192:
182:
179:
175:
174:
169:
163:
150:
140:
139:
123:
118:
111:
106:
100:
95:
91:
74:
64:
61:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1032:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
991:
988:
987:
983:
981:
979:
971:
958:
954:
947:
943:
942:
941:
938:
903:
879:
873:
868:
864:
855:
842:
840:
838:
834:
830:
822:
810:
806:
799:
795:
786:
785:
784:
762:
748:
744:
738:
734:
730:
716:
712:
707:
703:
685:
681:
676:
672:
644:
621:
608:
596:
592:
583:
577:
572:
568:
560:
559:
558:
548:
544:
542:
534:
530:
529:
528:
506:
492:
488:
482:
478:
474:
460:
456:
451:
447:
429:
425:
420:
416:
388:
365:
352:
340:
336:
327:
321:
316:
312:
304:
303:
302:
300:
288:
284:
277:
273:
272:
271:
268:
233:
221:
215:
210:
206:
197:
188:
180:
178:
168:
164:
161:
157:
149:
145:
144:
143:
116:
104:
98:
93:
89:
81:
80:
79:
70:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
969:
966:
956:
945:
939:
856:
846:
820:
818:
808:
797:
782:
556:
546:
539:is the load
532:
526:
299:y-parameters
297:In terms of
296:
286:
275:
269:
198:
184:
176:
166:
147:
141:
66:
56:
52:
48:
24:
18:
999:Categories
984:References
967:Similarly
541:admittance
187:transducer
39:, such as
25:power gain
731:−
637:ℜ
614:ℜ
475:−
381:ℜ
358:ℜ
160:impedance
45:current
41:voltage
940:where
912:
888:
783:where
527:where
270:where
242:
142:where
27:of an
23:, the
973:L max
960:S max
949:L max
824:S max
290:S max
37:gains
33:power
185:The
156:load
55:and
43:and
19:In
1001::
839:.
790:xx
749:21
739:12
708:22
677:11
597:21
493:21
483:12
452:22
421:11
341:21
71:,
51:,
970:P
957:P
946:P
921:x
918:a
915:m
909:S
904:P
897:x
894:a
891:m
885:L
880:P
874:=
869:A
865:G
851:A
849:G
821:P
812:S
809:M
801:L
798:M
788:k
763:2
757:|
745:k
735:k
728:)
722:L
717:M
713:+
704:k
700:(
697:)
691:S
686:M
682:+
673:k
669:(
664:|
656:)
650:S
645:M
641:(
633:)
627:L
622:M
618:(
609:2
604:|
593:k
588:|
584:4
578:=
573:T
569:G
550:S
547:Y
536:L
533:Y
507:2
501:|
489:y
479:y
472:)
466:L
461:Y
457:+
448:y
444:(
441:)
435:S
430:Y
426:+
417:y
413:(
408:|
400:)
394:S
389:Y
385:(
377:)
371:L
366:Y
362:(
353:2
348:|
337:y
332:|
328:4
322:=
317:T
313:G
287:P
279:L
276:P
251:x
248:a
245:m
239:S
234:P
227:L
222:P
216:=
211:T
207:G
193:T
191:G
170:I
167:P
151:L
148:P
122:I
117:P
110:L
105:P
99:=
94:P
90:G
75:P
73:G
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