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403:, Batson, the black defendant of the case, called out racially-based discrimination in the courtroom. The court agreed with him, and concluded that racially motivated peremptory challenges were unconstitutional; however, the Batson court argued that: "a criminal defendant may object to race-based... peremptory challenges whether or not the defendant and excluded juror share the same race." The
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388:, where the court concluded: " state's purposeful or deliberate denial to Negroes on account of race of participation as jurors in the administration of justice violates the Equal Protection Clause." Ultimately, the state has a right to practice peremptory challenges in the jury selection process; however, this right is only protected "as long as that reason is related to the outcome" (
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was an important case that helped continue to remove discrimination within the courtroom. However, it is important to note that it did not entirely dismantle discrimination in jury selection. Questions about the constitutionality of race-based peremptory challenges by defendants were not addressed in
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decision re-examined this provision and established that defendants have the right to call out and question racial discrimination in the courtroom regardless of a difference in race. In other words, a white defendant could question the exclusion of a black juror and vice versa as it was a defendant's
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to help prove him innocent; however, during the jury selection process, seven Black venirepersons were cut out from the final jury selection. Powers objected and requested an explanation as to why these venirepersons were excluded. The Court dismissed his objection, and in the trial Powers was found
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In the final decision, the Court ruled in favor of Powers's question in a 7–2 decision; but, it did not overrule Powers's personal case. The Court's majority opinion explained, "if for any reason the State is unable to reconvict Powers for the double murder at issue here, later victims may pay the
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Following his conviction, Powers went to the Ohio Court of
Appeals under the belief that his Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights were infringed upon. According to Powers, he was not given a fair, impartial jury because of racially justified preemptory challenges. This move was ultimately another
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delivered the following statement in regards to this: "Invoking the Equal
Protection Clause and federal statutory law, and relying upon well-established principles of standing, we hold that a criminal defendant may object to race-based exclusions of jurors effected through peremptory challenges
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Powers argued his status as a white man was irrelevant to case at hand. He explained that he had the right to question "the prosecution's discriminatory use of peremptories." The Court of
Appeals approved his appeal, but the Ohio Supreme Court denied his case. Powers, distraught, took it to the
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on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, and sex. Powers expanded the jurisdictions of this principle, allowing all parties within a case, defendants especially, to question preemptory challenges during a jury selection, regardless of race. This holding was protected under the
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whether or not the defendant and the excluded jurors share the same race." Additionally, the
Supreme Court concluded that "discriminatory use of peremptories harms the excluded jurors by depriving them of a significant opportunity to participate in civil life."
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did not prevent jury selectors from excluding potential jurors on the basis of race. With this new conclusion, Powers had to restructure his case around the Equal
Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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The Court came to multiple conclusions with this case. For starters, it did establish, once again, that racial bias and discrimination in juries and jury selection processes were unconstitutional. Justice
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Larry Joe Powers, a white defendant, was prosecuted on two counts of murder and one count of attempted murder in
Franklin County, Ohio. Under the Sixth Amendment, Powers requested a
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price for our extravagance...crime would go unpunished and criminals go free." While racial discrimination was unconstitutional, it did not take away from Power's crimes. Thus
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re-examined the Batson
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this case. The following year, such challenges were held unconstitutional in
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infringement upon the Equal
Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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Anthony M. Kennedy, leading majority opinion for Powers v. Ohio.
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Kennedy, joined by White, Marshall, Blackmun, Stevens, O'Connor, Souter
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guilty of all charges. The court sentenced him to 53 years in prison.
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As the justices came to this conclusion, they drew heavily from
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604:(Criminal Procedure Edition): 219–236 – via HeinOnline.
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As Powers's case was reviewed, the
Supreme Court dealt with
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case that re-examined the Batson Challenge. Established by
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United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
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Supreme Court instead, where they agreed to review it.
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392:). Powers v. Ohio helped reaffirm this.
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594:: Race-Based Peremptory Challenges"
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588:Wilson, Christopher T. (1992).
558:Stewart, David O. (July 1991).
544:. National Constitution Center.
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494:"What is a Batson Challenge?"
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560:"Whither Peremptories?"
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