498:
42:
520:, and 35 kg (77 lb) in weight. Its disk is roughly circular in shape, and its eyes are raised from the dorsal surface. The dorsal coloration is typically beige or brown, with numerous yellow-orange spots with dark rings. Its exact color, and the arrangement and size of the spots can vary significantly, both from individual to individual and depending on location. Three primary types have been identified in the Amazon basin, but each of these include a number of subtypes (two additional main types now are considered a separate species,
51:
95:
70:
917:
629:
Systematic revision of the
Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) species complex in the Paraná-Paraguay basin, with description of two new ocellated species (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae).
544:
elsewhere. Some individuals of CD3 have spots near the rim of the disc that are connected, forming a chain-like pattern. However, the "marbled" type is generally only reported from the
Orinoco basin, including the
430:). Two highly distinctive Amazonian types completely lack black-edged yellow-orange spots: The so-called "mantilla ray", CD4, in Peru and adjacent parts of Brazil, and the similar but paler CD5 from rivers near
699:
679:
Loboda, T.S. (2010). Revisão taxonômica e morfológica de
Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) na bacia Amazônica (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). University of São Paulo, Brazil.
1284:
1279:
1103:
497:
720:
Silva, J.P.C.B.; T.S. Loboda (2019). "Potamotrygon marquesi, a new species of neotropical freshwater stingray (Potamotrygonidae) from the
Brazilian Amazon Basin".
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628:
41:
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1239:
1116:
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803:
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1229:
1244:
703:
764:
Potamotrygon boesemani (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), a new species of
Neotropical freshwater stingray from Surinam.
1249:
1219:
653:
840:
1259:
1181:
1274:
524:). The two main Amazonian types, informally known as CD1 and CD2, are found throughout much of the Amazon (except most of the
1224:
1121:
928:
921:
347:. It was the first species to be described in the family and is also the most widespread, ranging throughout much of the
230:
94:
1025:
763:
781:
endemic to the rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), with notes on other Tapajós stingrays.
1147:
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1234:
50:
1017:
422:
395:
348:
226:
990:
449:
477:
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952:
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463:
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Ocellate river stingrays are sometimes kept in captivity, with requirements similar to other members of
209:
1186:
1051:
999:
729:
383:
821:
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59:
776:
608:
581:
563:. It is one of the most popular species of freshwater stingrays, but requires a very large tank.
525:
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Description of two extraordinary new species of freshwater stingrays of the genus
1173:
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can grow up to 50 cm (1.6 ft) in disc width, 1 m (3.3 ft) in
1090:
984:
364:
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basin) and they often occur together. Those from the Río de la Plata Basin and
468:
407:
106:
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431:
916:
1064:
969:
849:
540:) are similar to each other and informally known as CD3, but differ from
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126:
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Currently recognized members of the species complex found elsewhere are
1082:
1069:
533:
360:
1095:
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116:
946:
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Brazilian
Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources
496:
762:
Rosa, R.S; M.R. de
Carvalho; and C. de Almeida Wanderley (2008).
812:
599:
394:
populations is expected. The taxonomy of the populations in the
1056:
950:
698:, Department of Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Forests,
410:), but also that there are two additional members of this
696:
Commercial species of freshwater stingrays in Brazil
434:. Both CD4 and CD5 co-occur with normal variants of
343:, is a species of freshwater stingray in the family
959:
398:was reviewed in 2013, leading to the finding that
532:resemble CD1. Individuals from the Rio Negro and
438:. In 2019, they were described as a new species,
646:Complete Encyclopedia of the Freshwater Aquarium
402:is found virtually throughout (absent from the
822:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T165303A6002531.en
505:, the nearest being a "marbled" type (also a
8:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
627:Loboda, T.S.; and de Carvalho, M.R. (2013).
623:
621:
619:
609:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2005.RLTS.T39404A10226461.en
481:(lower Amazon Basin), but the last may be a
715:
713:
689:
687:
685:
639:
637:
1285:Taxa named by Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
947:
420:(widespread in Río de la Plata Basin) and
68:
49:
40:
31:
820:
607:
580:Drioli, M. & Chiaramonte, G. (2005).
933:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
804:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
631:Neotropical Ichthyology 11(4): 693–737.
591:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
572:
382:varies significantly in appearance and
367:South America. It is sometimes kept in
7:
1210:IUCN Red List data deficient species
1280:Taxa named by Johannes Peter Müller
536:basins (which are connected by the
25:
878:"Potamotrygon sp. marbled motoro"
915:
93:
648:. New York: Firefly Books Ltd.
1240:Freshwater stingrays of Brazil
1:
27:Species of cartilaginous fish
1270:Freshwater fish of Venezuela
1230:Freshwater fish of Argentina
880:(in German). Amazonas Rochen
386:over its large range, and a
1245:Freshwater fish of Colombia
902:Retrieved 22 February 2017.
867:Retrieved 22 February 2017.
704:Ministry of the Environment
1301:
1250:Freshwater fish of Ecuador
694:Ramos, H.A.C. (May 2017),
775:Carvalho, M.R.d. (2016):
245:
238:
215:
208:
90:Scientific classification
88:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1220:Fish of the Amazon basin
839:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
766:Neotrop. Ichthyol. 6(1).
35:Ocellate river stingray
1260:Freshwater fish of Peru
863:Fishing World-records:
722:Journal of Fish Biology
363:basins in tropical and
327:ocellate river stingray
300:Müller & Henle 1841
265:Potamotrygon circularis
1275:Fish described in 1841
793:Valenti, S.V. (2009).
783:Zootaxa 4167(1): 1–63.
510:
273:Potamotrygon labradori
1225:Fauna of the Pantanal
929:"Potamotrygon motoro"
815:: e.T165303A6002531.
797:Potamotrygon ocellata
602:: e.T39404A10226461.
500:
396:Río de la Plata Basin
335:), also known as the
281:Potamotrygon laticeps
924:at Wikimedia Commons
900:Potamotrygon motoro.
865:Potamotrygon motoro.
644:Dawes, John (2001).
341:black river stingray
337:peacock-eye stingray
289:Potamotrygon pauckei
1018:potamotrygon-motoro
1005:Potamotrygon_motoro
991:Potamotrygon motoro
961:Potamotrygon motoro
922:Potamotrygon motoro
853:. Mar 2007 version.
843:Potamotrygon motoro
734:2019JFBio..95..594C
584:Potamotrygon motoro
514:Potamotrygon motoro
475:in the lower), and
380:Potamotrygon motoro
332:Potamotrygon motoro
249:Paratrygon laticeps
219:Potamotrygon motoro
60:Conservation status
18:Potamotrygon motoro
511:
1197:
1196:
1156:Open Tree of Life
953:Taxon identifiers
920:Media related to
742:10.1111/jfb.14050
323:
322:
257:Potamotrygon alba
83:
16:(Redirected from
1292:
1255:Fish of Paraguay
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538:Casiquiare canal
501:Two variants of
345:Potamotrygonidae
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177:Potamotrygonidae
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1235:Fish of Bolivia
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412:species complex
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349:Río de la Plata
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299:
297:Taeniura motoro
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167:Myliobatiformes
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910:External links
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837:Froese, Rainer
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728:(2): 594–612.
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547:Ventuari River
494:
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423:P. pantanensis
390:review of the
376:
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321:
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316:Castelnau 1855
313:Trygon mulleri
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305:Trygon garrapa
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507:royal panaque
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1215:Potamotrygon
960:
936:. Retrieved
894:
882:. Retrieved
872:
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848:
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802:
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788:
779:Potamotrygon
778:
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560:Potamotrygon
558:
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541:
530:Mearim River
521:
518:total length
513:
512:
502:
486:
476:
472:
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458:
450:P. boesemani
448:
446:
439:
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421:
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404:Paraná Basin
399:
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227:J. P. Müller
218:
216:
200:
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188:Potamotrygon
187:
153:Superorder:
29:
1091:iNaturalist
985:Wikispecies
522:P. marquesi
478:P. ocellata
365:subtropical
292:Castex 1963
284:Garman 1913
276:Castex 1963
268:Garman 1913
260:Castex 1963
252:Garman 1913
1204:Categories
938:16 October
884:27 October
567:References
553:In aquaria
493:Appearance
441:P marquesi
426:(northern
417:P. amandae
408:Itaipu Dam
384:morphology
143:Subclass:
542:P. motoro
526:Rio Negro
509:catfish).
503:P. motoro
487:P. motoro
473:P. motoro
464:P. jabuti
461:absent),
459:P. motoro
436:P. motoro
400:P. motoro
392:Amazonian
388:taxonomic
195:Species:
113:Kingdom:
107:Eukaryota
1169:Species+
1109:10150538
1065:FishBase
976:Q1297913
970:Wikidata
850:FishBase
750:31095730
428:Pantanal
375:Taxonomy
240:Synonyms
173:Family:
157:Batoidea
127:Chordata
123:Phylum:
117:Animalia
103:Domain:
80:IUCN 3.1
1083:2419333
730:Bibcode
534:Orinoco
483:synonym
471:Basin;
469:Tapajós
369:aquaria
361:Orinoco
233:, 1841)
183:Genus:
163:Order:
133:Class:
78: (
1187:882142
1161:151418
1122:564439
1096:110338
1057:205366
1031:183095
1013:ARKive
748:
652:
432:Marajó
357:Mearim
353:Amazon
229:&
1182:WoRMS
1174:68478
1148:86373
1135:39404
1104:IRMNG
1044:4M4R9
231:Henle
1143:NCBI
1130:IUCN
1117:ITIS
1078:GBIF
1070:6382
1026:BOLD
940:2006
886:2017
813:IUCN
809:2009
746:PMID
702:and
650:ISBN
600:IUCN
596:2005
359:and
325:The
1052:EoL
1039:CoL
1000:ADW
817:doi
738:doi
604:doi
485:of
339:or
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1184::
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1080::
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987::
972::
931:.
847:.
811:.
807:.
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744:.
736:.
726:95
724:.
712:^
684:^
664:^
636:^
618:^
598:.
594:.
588:.
549:.
489:.
457:;
444:.
414::
371:.
355:,
351:,
942:.
888:.
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841:"
825:.
819::
799:"
795:"
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612:.
606::
586:"
582:"
453:(
329:(
225:(
82:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
