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will not present suitable breeding habitat. Warming-related drought may affect as much as 90 percent of the PPR's remaining wetlands. Simulations suggest that climate change will shift the most productive wetlands from the center of the region (southeastern
Saskatchewan and the Dakotas) to edges of the PPR in the east and north. However, research has suggested that the effect of global warming is overshadowed by that of intensified land use and drainage of wetlands.
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is an adverse factor in the long-term viability of PPR wetlands for breeding ducks and other birds. Without mitigation, severe droughts and rising temperatures will cause many pothole wetlands to dry up sooner in the spring. In turn, due to the timing of waterfowl migrations, these dried wetlands
214:
on the outer edges of the wetland. The variable availability of water in the
Prairie Pothole Region is buffered by an abundant seed bank under the soil, comprising species that thrive under different water regimes. During times of drought, shortgrass species increase and expand their range, while
27:
173:
and tall grasses, while the prairie surrounding the region has dense grassland vegetation. The composition of a local plant community is heavily affected by the amount of water available. In wetter wetlands that retain water through the summer, the common plant is
231:. Although the region contains only about one-tenth of the continent's habitat area for breeding of waterfowl, roughly half the primary species of game ducks on the continent breed there. The region accounts for more than 60% of the breeding populations of
35:
440:
Euliss, Ned H. Jr.; Wrubleski, Dale A.; Muchet, David M. (1999). "Wetlands of the
Prairie Pothole Region: Invertebrate species composition, ecology, and management". In Batzer, Darold P.; Rader, Russell B.; Wissinger, Scott A. (eds.).
275:
basin have been lost as habitat. The wetlands that do persist, surrounded as they are by agricultural lands, are also affected. Chemical runoff, sedimentation, and nutrient flow into the wetlands have adverse impacts.
129:). The hydrology of the wetlands is variable, which results in long term productivity and biodiversity. The PPR is a prime spot during breeding and nesting season for millions of migrating waterfowl.
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inflow, so they typically last longer each year than those that only receive water from precipitation. Shorter-duration wetlands fed only by precipitation typically are sources of
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97:, creating wetlands, which range in duration from temporary to semi-permanent. The region covers an area of about 800,000 sq. km and expands across three Canadian provinces (
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is a significant factor in the loss of wetlands in the PPR. More than half of the wetlands have been drained for farming. In particular, 90% of the prairie wetlands of the
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153:. The hydrology of the potholes is very variable, responding to changes in precipitation and groundwater, and results in regular wet-and-dry cycles.
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drainage systems occur in the region as pothole wetlands are not connected by surface streams. They receive most of their water from spring
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Johnson, W. Carter; Millet, Bruce V.; Gilmanov, Tagir; Voldseth, Richard A.; Guntenspergen, Glenn R.; Naugle, David E. (2005).
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The
Prairie Pothole Region provides important habitats for migratory waterfowl and other wildlife, supporting more than 50% of
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81:, which ended about 10,000 years ago. The decaying ice sheet left behind depressions formed by the uneven deposition of
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30:
Map of the
Prairie Pothole Region of North America (U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center)
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227:'s migratory waterfowl. In particular, the region is one of North America's most important breeding areas for
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in slightly drier regions of the wetlands. The vegetation in permanently flooded wetlands is more aquatic;
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673:"Waterfowl Conservation in the US Prairie Pothole Region: Confronting the Complexities of Climate Change"
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Land-use Change, Economics, and Rural Well-being in the
Prairie Pothole Region of the United States
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624:. Minnesota River Basin Data Center, Minnesota State University, Mankato. 15 April 2011
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are some of the most common. In drier wetlands of the PPR, the vegetation varies from
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during wetter periods, tallgrass and mixed prairie communities become more common.
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Invertebrates in freshwater wetlands of North
America: Ecology and management
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45:, a remnant of the extensive prairie wetlands that once covered the region.
757:"The Small Wetlands Program: A Half Century of Conserving Prairie Habitat"
671:
Niemuth, Neal D.; Fleming, Kathleen K.; Reynolds, Ronald E. (2014-06-17).
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414:"Comprehensive Report Ecological System - Great Plains Prairie Pothole"
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563:. National Biological Information Infrastructure. Archived from
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350:"Vulnerability of Northern Prairie Wetlands to Climate Change"
479:(5th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. pp. 61–62.
367:
10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0863:vonpwt]2.0.co;2
89:. These depressions are called potholes, glacial potholes,
206:, which is found in the wetter areas of the wetland, to
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and precipitation. Some pothole wetlands also receive
818:
America’s
Grasslands: A Threatened National Treasure
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19:For the lake in Stutsman County, North Dakota, see
594:. United States Geological Survey. Archived from
561:"Regional Ecosystems: The Prairie Pothole Region"
93:, or kettle lakes. They fill with water in the
777:"Welcome to the Prairie Pothole Joint Venture"
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804:United States Environmental Protection Agency
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1364:Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands
59:Région des cuvettes/fondrières des prairies
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475:Mitsch, William; Gosselink, James (2015).
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592:Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
588:"Waterfowl in the Prairie Pothole Region"
447:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 471–514.
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165:Prairie Pothole wetlands in South Dakota
1685:Ecozones and ecoregions of Saskatchewan
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61:) is an expansive area of the northern
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169:The vegetation of the PPR consists of
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1680:Ecozones and ecoregions of Manitoba
1339:Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam
73:. These potholes are the result of
65:that contains thousands of shallow
1675:Ecozones and ecoregions of Alberta
1354:Annexation of the Indian Territory
763:. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
500:Montana Natural Heritage Program.
14:
914:Tribal domestic dependent nations
586:Austin, Jane E. (3 August 2006).
528:"Wetland Types: Prairie Potholes"
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1359:Treaty of the Danish West Indies
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16:Geographic area in North America
830:United States Geological Survey
761:National Wildlife Refuge System
526:Anderson, Jim; Samargo, Emily.
1740:Geographic regions of Manitoba
502:"Great Plains Prairie Pothole"
1:
781:Prairie Pothole Joint Venture
1411:Slave states and free states
866:Regions of the United States
698:10.1371/journal.pone.0100034
651:National Wildlife Federation
1522:International border states
1756:
1670:Ecoregions of South Dakota
1549:Red states and blue states
18:
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822:Prairie Public Television
318:Geography of South Dakota
313:Geography of North Dakota
298:Geography of Saskatchewan
1735:Westman Region, Manitoba
1710:Wetlands of North Dakota
1705:Wetlands of South Dakota
820:Documentary produced by
418:explorer.natureserve.org
390:"Prairie Pothole Region"
109:) and five U.S. states (
1730:Ecoregions of Minnesota
1665:Regions of North Dakota
267:Conversion of land for
323:Geography of Minnesota
166:
58:
51:Prairie Pothole Region
46:
31:
21:Prairie Pothole (lake)
1695:Wetlands of Minnesota
1196:Appalachian Highlands
1171:Intermontane Plateaus
907:Minor Outlying Island
303:Geography of Manitoba
164:
37:
29:
1715:Wetlands of Manitoba
892:District of Columbia
308:Geography of Montana
293:Geography of Alberta
151:groundwater recharge
79:Wisconsin glaciation
1700:Wetlands of Montana
1334:Newlands Resolution
1289:Southwest Territory
1284:Northwest Territory
689:2014PLoSO...9j0034N
538:on 28 November 2012
532:Wetlands Management
506:Montana Field Guide
1725:Regions of Montana
1720:Ecoregions of Iowa
1431:Atlantic Northeast
1344:Cession of Tutuila
1294:Louisiana Purchase
1191:Interior Highlands
919:Maritime territory
796:"Prairie Potholes"
647:"Prairie Potholes"
567:on 25 October 2011
184:common threesquare
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1451:Pacific Northwest
1441:Columbia District
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1349:Cession of Manu'a
1309:Adams–OnĂs Treaty
1279:Thirteen Colonies
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1181:Laurentian Upland
1143:
1142:
486:978-1-118-67682-0
454:978-0-471-29258-6
328:Geography of Iowa
245:northern shoveler
180:soft-stem bulrush
176:hard-stem bulrush
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1690:Wetlands of Iowa
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598:on 29 June 2011
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1591:Southwestern
1554:Southeastern
1537:Northwestern
1507:Great Plains
1502:Four Corners
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1270:Acquisitions
902:Insular area
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1394:Confederacy
1236:Great Lakes
1061:W S Central
1056:E S Central
1034:New England
1022:W N Central
1017:E N Central
622:Fact Sheets
460:22 November
360:(10): 863.
269:agriculture
147:groundwater
1649:Categories
1487:Appalachia
1260:Historical
1051:S Atlantic
929:Time zones
887:U.S. state
810:2018-07-09
656:26 October
628:26 October
618:"Wetlands"
602:26 October
571:26 October
542:19 October
511:19 October
423:2019-12-02
399:2019-11-13
354:BioScience
334:References
257:canvasback
212:wheatgrass
200:smartweeds
196:buttercups
194:, aquatic
157:Vegetation
1399:Old South
1374:Civil War
1206:Tidewater
1074:Courts of
1029:Northeast
897:Territory
707:1932-6203
376:0006-3568
204:spikerush
192:pondweeds
188:duckweeds
133:Hydrology
111:Minnesota
69:known as
1660:Prairies
1624:Category
1559:Southern
1542:Cascadia
1532:Northern
1149:Physical
1005:Mountain
977:Atlantic
962:Mountain
937:Chamorro
800:Wetlands
725:24937641
677:PLOS ONE
477:Wetlands
287:See also
219:Wildlife
143:snowmelt
103:Manitoba
71:potholes
67:wetlands
1634:Commons
1497:Eastern
1492:Central
1424:Divided
1218:Coastal
1076:appeals
1012:Midwest
1000:Pacific
972:Eastern
967:Central
957:Pacific
716:4061047
685:Bibcode
263:Threats
259:ducks.
253:redhead
237:gadwall
233:mallard
127:Montana
107:Alberta
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75:glacier
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1226:Arctic
987:Census
952:Alaska
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1480:Other
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1382:Union
1046:South
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880:Units
229:ducks
119:North
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1564:Deep
1246:East
1241:Gulf
1231:West
1135:11th
1130:10th
995:West
788:2018
769:2018
721:PMID
703:ISSN
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630:2020
604:2020
573:2020
544:2020
513:2020
481:ISBN
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449:ISBN
372:ISSN
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