305:. The army was led by Manuma Gannaya (son of Kolani Soma-mantri), and Annayadeva (Prataparudra's cousin and son of Induluri Peda Gannaya-mantri). Epigraphic evidence suggests that as a result of this attack, Ambadeva had to retreat southwards to the Mulikinadu region: his last inscription at Tripurantakam is dated Shaka 1213, and an inscription of Induluri Annayadeva is dated two months later in the same year. The Kayasthas seem to have ruled Mulikanadu independently for the next few years, as the inscriptions of Ambadeva's son Tripurari II do not mention Prataparudra as his overlord. In 1309, Prataparudra sent an expedition to Mulikinadu, which resulted in the end of the Kayastha rule. The region was annexed to the Kakatiya kingdom, and Somaya Nayaka was made its governor.
378:
In late 1302 or early 1303, Alauddin sent his generals Malik Juna and Malik Chajju on an invasion of
Warangal. By the time the Khalji army returned to Delhi, it had suffered severe losses in men and material. The Delhi Sultanate chronicles do not mention how and where the army suffered these losses.
331:
Meanwhile, Raja-Gandagopala betrayed
Prataparudra, and formed an alliance with the Pandyas. To punish him, Prataparudra sent a second expedition to Nellore, led by the Telugu Chola chief Manuma Gandagopala. The Kakatiya army won the ensuing battle: a 1297ā98 (Shaka 1219) inscription of Manuma states
445:
Taking advantage of the Khalji invasion, the
Kakatiya vassals at the frontier provinces asserted independence. When Mallideva, the Vaidumba chief of Gandikota, attempted to overthrow his suzerainty, Prataparudra sent his general Juttaya Lemka Gomkya Reddi to Gandikota. Reddi defeated Mallideva, and
430:
again, and therefore, he reorganized his defence set-up. He is said to have raised an army of 900,000 archers, 20,000 horses and 100 elephants. Despite these preparations, when Malik Kafur invaded
Warangal in 1310, Prataparudra was forced to negotiate a truce. He surrendered a substantial amount of
597:
Prataparudra believed that he had achieved a decisive victory, and let his guard down. However, Ghiyath al-Din sent reinforcements to
Devagiri, and instructed Ulugh Khan to launch a fresh attack on Warangal. Within four months, Ulugh Khan besieged the fort again, and this time, Prataparudra had to
560:. Kotikanti Raghava, a son of the Aravidu chief Tata Pinnama (who was probably a Kakatiya feudatory), is credited with having defeated Kampiliraya. These accounts suggest that Prataparudra won battles against Kampili, but he does not appear to have gained any tangible benefit from these victories.
593:
During the siege, a false rumour about
Ghiyath al-Din's death in Delhi caused a rebellion in Ulugh Khan's army, and he had to retreat from Warangal. The Kakatiya army plundered his camp, and pursued him till Kotagiri, where Abu Riza came to his rescue. Ulugh Khan ultimately retreated to Devagiri.
480:
When the Pandya forces tried to evict the
Kakatiyas from Kanchi, Prataparudra himself led an army against them, supported by his generals Muppidinayaka, Recherla Era Dacha, Manavira, and Devarinayaka. The Pandyas were forced to retreat after a battle near Kanchi. The Kakatiya general Devarinayaka
606:
Ulugh Khan sent an imprisoned
Prataparudra and his family members to Delhi, escorted by a contingent led by the Tughluq lieutenants Qadir Khan and Khawaja Haji. The Tughluq court historian Shams-i-Siraj Arif simply states that Prataparudra died en route to Delhi. The 1330 Vilasa inscription of
507:
soon killed Kafur, and became the Sultan. By this time, Ramachandra's son-in-law
Harapaladeva had rebelled at Devagiri, and Prataparudra had stopped sending tribute payments to the Khaljis. Mubarak Shah suppressed the rebellion at Devagiri, and then sent his general
481:
penetrated further into the Pandya territory, and defeated Vira Pandya and his ally
Malayala Tiruvadi Ravivarman Kulashekhara. The Kakatiyas then reinstated Sundara Pandya at Viradhavala. To commemorate his victory, Devarinayaka granted the Salakalavidu village to
370:
to become his tributary, and shortly after, used the war booty from Devagiri to usurp the throne of Delhi. The huge plunder obtained from Devagiri prompted Alauddin to plan an invasion of the Kakatiya capital Warangal in 1301, but the untimely death of his general
512:
to Warangal in 1318. Prataparudra did not offer much resistance, and made a tribute payment in the form of 100 elephants, 12,000 horses, gold, and precious stones. In addition, he agreed to cede five districts of his kingdom to Mubarak Shah.
156:
as the Kakatiya monarch. In the first half of his reign, he subjugated the insubordinate chiefs who had asserted their independence during his grandmother's reign. He also achieved successes against the neighbouring kingdoms of the
246:, a late legendary account of the Kakatiya kings refers twice to this queen. Lakshmidevi was another queen of this king mentioned in an inscription found in the village Yelgedu in the present-day Karimnagar district.
586:) to Warangal in 1323. Prataparudra put up a strong resistance this time, but ultimately retreated to his capital Warangal. Ulugh Khan besieged Warangal, while another part of the Delhi army led by Abu-Riza besieged
294:) Somayadula Rudradeva. Manuma was defeated and killed in battle. He was succeeded by Madhurantaka Pottapi Choda Ranganatha (alias Raja-Gandagopala), whose rule is attested by inscriptions dated to 1290 (
464:
By the mid-1310s, the Pandya kingdom had been weakened by a war of succession between the brothers Sundara Pandya and Vira Pandya, and the Muslim raids. After Alauddin's death in 1316, the Hoysala king
541:, leading to a rivalry between the two kingdoms. Sometime later, Kumara Rama forcibly occupied the western part of the Kakatiya kingdom, and Prataparudra responded by waging a war against Kampili.
234:
Earlier historians believed that Rudramadevi ruled until 1295, because some records before this year name Prataparudra as Kumara-Rudra (Prince Rudra). However, a later inscription discovered at
238:
confirms that Rudramadevi died some days before 27 November 1289, the date of the inscription. Moreover, some records before 1295 (such as the 1292 Inkirala inscription) call Prataparudra a
242:. It appears that Prataparudra continued to be called Kumara-Rudra for some years after ascending the throne, because this was a familiar usage. Prataparudraās chief queen was Visalakshi;
619:
queen Anitalli mentions that he "departed to the world of Gods by his own desire." When taken together, these accounts suggest that Prataparudra committed suicide on the banks of the
249:
Prataparudra had been associated with his grandmother's military campaigns and administration, which helped him gain the acceptance of the nobles after ascending the throne.
473:
inscription, the Kakatiya commander Peda Rudra defeated Ballala and his allies ā Shambhuvaraya of Padaividu and Yadavaraya of Chandragiri. After this victory, he occupied
458:
1345:
1186:
423:
279:
dynasties. Soon after ascending the throne, Prataparudra reorganized the Kakatiya military, and launched expeditions against Ambadeva and his allies.
574:
Meanwhile, in Delhi, Khusrau Khan murdered Mubarak Shah, and usurped the throne of Delhi in 1320. He was dethroned by a group of rival nobles, and
350:
region was an immensely wealthy area, having been shielded from the foreign Muslim armies that had ransacked and razed northern India. In 1296,
1340:
1335:
1082:
1039:
996:
359:
440:
426:, and forcing Ramachandra to become Alauddin's vassal. Prataparudra determined that the Delhi Sultanate forces were likely to invade
1154:
1103:
482:
431:
wealth to the invaders, and agreed to become a tributary to Alauddin. Subsequently, he maintained friendly relations with Alauddin.
383:, the army had managed to reach Warangal, but decided to return because the rainy season had started. The 16th century chronicler
525:
kingdom located at the juncture of the Kakatiya, Hoysala and the Delhi Sultanate (formerly Yadava) territories. According to the
320:
inscription of the Kakatiya feudatory Gona Vithala states that Vithala captured the Adavani and Tumbala forts in the present-day
422:
to invade Devagiri, after Ramachandra discontinued the tribute payments promised in 1296. Malik Kafur returned to Delhi after
582:, Prataparudra had stopped sending tributes to Delhi by this time. Therefore, Ghiyath al-Din sent his son Ulugh Khan (later
220:
year 1166 (1244 CE); this may be a mistake for Shaka 1176 (1254 CE). The earliest record to mention him is his grandmother
231:
prince Virabhadra. His father Mahadeva was a Kakatiya prince. Prataparudra succeeded Rudramadevi on the Kakatiya throne.
399:; an embarrassed Alauddin decided to keep this failure a secret, which explains Barani's narrative. On the other hand,
1291:
1285:
196:. After the end of the Khalji dynasty, he again withheld the tribute payments to Delhi. This prompted the new Sultan
1179:
1325:
1172:
461:. On his way to the Pandya territory, Prataparudra visited Ranganatha's territory, and suppressed the rebellion.
312:
Manuma Gandagopala (not to be confused with Manuma Gandagopala of Nellore) participated in this expedition. His
286:), which was ruled by Ambadeva's appointee Manuma Gandagopala. The attack was led by Adidamu Mallu, an officer (
504:
341:
328:. Finally, he took control of the city of Raichur, where he erected strong fortifications to protect the city.
193:
189:
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1121:
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494:
400:
367:
258:
201:
173:
1006:
575:
272:
197:
158:
1092:
N. Venkataramanayya; M. Somasekhara Sarma (1960). "The Kakatiyas of Warangal". In Ghulam Yazdani (ed.).
396:
204:
that ended the Kakatiya dynasty and resulted in the annexation of their kingdom to the Delhi Sultanate.
1330:
583:
363:
308:
Prataparudra also sent an expedition against the Yadavas (Seunas), who had supported Ambadeva. The
537:
sought Prataparudra's assistance against Ballala. Prataparudra refused to help him and his father
271:
feudatory of the Kakatiyas ā had set up an independent kingdom with support from the neighbouring
500:
228:
1150:
1131:
1109:
1099:
1078:
1059:
1035:
1029:
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992:
466:
392:
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526:
321:
138:
106:
38:
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believes that a Kakatiya army repulsed the invaders at Upparapalli. His theory is based on
1015:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
615:) river, while being taken to Delhi as a captive. The 1423 Kaluvacheru inscription of the
608:
549:
522:
380:
355:
351:
185:
181:
177:
166:
84:
1009:(1992). "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.).
427:
412:
366:, who were the western neighbours of the Kakatiyas. Alauddin forced the Yadava monarch
347:
309:
302:
276:
162:
142:
316:
inscription calls him "the wild fire to the bamboo-like army of the Seunas". The 1294
1319:
1071:
N. Venkataramanayya; P. V. P. Sastry (1957). "The KÄkatÄ«yas". In R. S. Sharma (ed.).
620:
616:
612:
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450:
80:
1297:
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715:
509:
325:
317:
313:
1144:
1125:
1093:
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395:
theorizes that Delhi met with a humiliating defeat in Bengal, which was ruled by
538:
534:
470:
419:
235:
221:
153:
56:
1031:
Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra
457:. In 1311, Prataparudra's overlord Alauddin asked him to contribute forces to
372:
1135:
1077:. Vol. 4 (Part 1). Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
1063:
1279:
1256:
1218:
1113:
1049:
1020:
332:
that he drank "the ocean of the Dravida (Pandya) army" like a massive fire.
295:
217:
503:
as a puppet monarch on the throne of Delhi. However, Alauddin's elder son
1262:
1232:
579:
545:
384:
268:
264:
239:
146:
30:
802:
800:
556:, Prataparudra's commander Prolaya Annaya destroyed the Kampili capital
1250:
1244:
587:
454:
283:
101:
1238:
1012:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206ā1526)
474:
408:
388:
1098:. Vol. IX: The KÄkatÄ«yas of Warangal. Oxford University Press.
188:. After Alauddin's death, he stopped making tribute payments, but a
1164:
499:
After Alauddin's death, Malik Kafur installed Alauddin's minor son
819:
817:
815:
723:
469:
launched a fresh invasion of the Pandya territory. According to a
940:
938:
913:
911:
898:
896:
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892:
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865:
863:
861:
848:
846:
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773:
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756:
227:
His mother Mummadamma was the eldest daughter of Rudrama and the
702:
700:
698:
661:
659:
578:
became the new Sultan. According to the 16th century chronicler
1168:
446:
was appointed governor of Gandikota and its surrounding areas.
611:
states that Prataparudra died on the banks of the Somodbhava (
298:
1212). Prataparudra formed an alliance with Raja-Gandagopala.
282:
Prataparudra first sent his army to Vikramasimhapura (modern
411:
chief Vena and Potugamti Maili ā destroyed the pride of the
263:
During the reign of Prataparudra's predecessor Rudramadevi,
387:
states that this army was ordered to reach Warangal via
806:
689:
301:
In 1291ā92 (Shaka 1213), Prataparudra sent an army to
1272:
1202:
120:
112:
100:
90:
74:
66:
62:
52:
44:
37:
23:
407:, which states that two Kakatiya commanders ā the
16:Maharaja of the Kakatiya Kingdom from 1289 to 1323
835:
823:
791:
968:
521:Meanwhile, the Hoysala king Ballala invaded the
449:Another insubordinate chief was Ranganatha, the
1074:A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985ā1206
956:
944:
929:
917:
902:
883:
871:
852:
779:
764:
747:
735:
706:
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665:
650:
724:N. Venkataramanayya & P. V. P. Sastry 1957
638:
1180:
8:
1095:The Early History of the Deccan Parts VIIāXI
459:Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom
192:forced him to pay tribute to Alauddin's son
1130:. Hyderabad: Government of Andhra Pradesh.
1187:
1173:
1165:
623:while being taken to Delhi as a prisoner.
20:
1146:A Social History of the Deccan, 1300ā1761
988:The Art and Architecture of the KÄkatÄ«yas
379:According to the 14th century chronicler
1259:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1108-1116)
1253:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1076-1108)
631:
418:Around 1308, Alauddin sent his general
290:) of the Kakatiya commander-in-chief (
152:Prataparudra succeeded his grandmother
141:of India. He ruled the eastern part of
253:Subjugation of Ambadeva and his allies
7:
224:'s 1261 CE Malkapuram inscription.
1346:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
1241:alias Garuda Beta (r. c. 996-1051)
1055:History of the Khaljis (1290ā1320)
14:
1235:alias Pindi-Gunda (r. c. 955-995)
415:(Turkics, that is, the Khaljis).
133:(r. c. 1289ā1323), also known as
441:Prataparudra's Southern Campaign
1058:. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
985:B. Satyanarayana Singh (1999).
346:In the early 13th century, the
324:, and Manuva and Haluva in the
216:, Prataparudra was born in the
48:November 1289 ā 9 November 1323
1149:. Cambridge University Press.
137:, was the last monarch of the
1:
1341:14th-century Indian monarchs
1336:13th-century Indian monarchs
991:. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan.
1215:Gunda II (r. c. ?-865)
1034:. Oxford University Press.
807:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
690:B. Satyanarayana Singh 1999
1362:
1124:(1978). N. Ramesan (ed.).
567:
492:
438:
375:made him defer this plan.
339:
336:Alauddin Khalji's invasion
256:
1143:Richard M. Eaton (2005).
1127:The KÄkatiyas of Warangal
477:in the Pandya territory.
180:, and agreed to become a
28:
488:
342:Siege of Warangal (1310)
335:
214:Telugu-rajula-charitramu
1028:Cynthia Talbot (2001).
609:Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka
570:Siege of Warangal, 1323
505:Qutubuddin Mubarak Shah
495:Siege of Warangal, 1318
489:Mubarak Shah's invasion
1007:Banarsi Prasad Saksena
836:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
824:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
792:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
576:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
405:Velugoį¹ivÄri-Vamį¹£avÄli
198:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
145:, with his capital at
1212:Gunda I (r. c. 815-?)
1209:Venna (r. c. 800-815)
969:Richard M. Eaton 2005
533:, the Kampili prince
531:Kumara-Ramanasangatya
424:defeating the Yadavas
362:, the capital of the
957:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
945:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
930:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
918:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
903:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
884:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
872:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
853:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
780:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
765:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
748:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
736:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
707:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
678:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
666:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
651:P. V. P. Sastry 1978
584:Muhammad bin Tughluq
259:Ambadeva's Rebellion
184:of the Delhi Sultan
959:, pp. 138ā139.
932:, pp. 136ā138.
886:, pp. 133ā134.
750:, pp. 129ā130.
639:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
554:Bhimesvara-Puranamu
517:War against Kampili
358:, had successfully
354:, a general of the
288:dakshinabhuja-danda
501:Shihab-ud-din Omar
435:Southern campaigns
292:sakala-senadhipati
172:In 1310, he faced
1326:Kakatiya monarchs
1313:
1312:
1306:(r. c. 1289-1323)
1304:Prataparudra-deva
1300:(r. c. 1262-1289)
1294:(r. c. 1199-1262)
1288:(r. c. 1196-1199)
1282:(r. c. 1158-1195)
1265:(r. c. 1116-1157)
1247:(r. c. 1052-1076)
1221:(died before 900)
1084:978-81-7007-121-1
1050:Kishori Saran Lal
1041:978-0-19-513661-6
998:978-81-86050-34-7
393:Kishori Saran Lal
128:
127:
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1203:Feudatory chiefs
1196:Kakatiya dynasty
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564:Tughluq invasion
527:Kannada language
397:Shamsuddin Firoz
322:Bellary district
244:Pratapa-charitra
159:Yadavas (Seunas)
139:Kakatiya dynasty
39:Kakatiya Monarch
21:
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401:P. V. P. Sastry
381:Ziauddin Barani
360:raided Devagiri
356:Delhi Sultanate
352:Alauddin Khalji
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186:Alauddin Khalji
178:Delhi Sultanate
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85:Delhi Sultanate
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947:, p. 139.
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920:, p. 135.
907:
905:, p. 134.
888:
876:
874:, p. 133.
857:
855:, p. 132.
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809:, p. 366.
796:
794:, p. 186.
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782:, p. 131.
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728:
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709:, p. 140.
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682:
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641:, p. 634.
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273:Yadava (Seuna)
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621:Narmada River
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544:According to
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212:According to
207:
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202:1323 invasion
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190:1318 invasion
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978:Bibliography
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510:Khusrau Khan
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451:Telugu Chola
448:
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391:. Historian
377:
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326:Raichur Doab
318:Raichur Fort
314:Narasaraopet
310:Telugu Chola
307:
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194:Mubarak Shah
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135:Rudradeva II
134:
131:PratÄparudra
130:
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70:1244 or 1254
29:
24:Prataparudra
18:
1331:1323 deaths
598:surrender.
539:Kampiliraya
535:Kumara Rama
420:Malik Kafur
368:Ramachandra
236:Chandupatla
200:to order a
174:an invasion
96:Lakshmidevi
94:Visalakshi
57:Rudramadevi
53:Predecessor
1320:Categories
1273:Sovereigns
627:References
471:Daksharama
439:See also:
373:Ulugh Khan
208:Early life
124:Mummadamma
1257:Durgaraja
1219:Gunda III
1136:252341228
1064:685167335
485:in 1317.
453:ruler of
413:Turushkas
182:tributary
176:from the
1286:Mahadeva
1263:Prola II
1233:Gunda IV
1114:59001459
1052:(1950).
1021:31870180
588:Kotagiri
580:Firishta
546:Srinatha
385:Firishta
269:Kayastha
265:Ambadeva
240:Maharaja
229:Chalukya
147:Warangal
116:Mahadeva
107:Kakatiya
31:Maharaja
1251:Beta II
1245:Prola I
613:Narmada
558:Kummata
523:Kampili
467:Ballala
455:Nellore
364:Yadavas
284:Nellore
222:Rudrama
167:Kampili
163:Pandyas
154:Rudrama
102:Dynasty
1239:Beta I
1229:Betiya
1153:
1134:
1112:
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1019:
995:
475:Kanchi
428:Deccan
409:Velama
389:Bengal
348:Deccan
277:Pandya
161:, the
143:Deccan
121:Mother
113:Father
91:Spouse
1280:Rudra
617:Reddi
602:Death
552:text
529:text
296:Shaka
218:Shaka
45:Reign
1225:Erra
1151:ISBN
1132:OCLC
1110:OCLC
1100:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1060:OCLC
1036:ISBN
1017:OCLC
993:ISBN
275:and
267:ā a
165:and
78:1323
75:Died
67:Born
548:'s
1322::
1108:.
937:^
910:^
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83:,
1188:e
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